Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.

Sci (2021) 10(01): 2916-2933

International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences

ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 10 Number 01 (2021)
Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com

Original Research Article https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2021.1001.338

An Evaluative Study of Performance of Self Help Groups in Tribal Sub

Region of Rajasthan

Satyveer Singh Meena1* and Hanuman Prasad2

1
Institute of Agri Business Management, Swami Keshwanand Rajasthan Agricultural
University, Bikaner, Rajasthan, India
2
Faculty of Management Studies, Mohan Lal Sukhadiya University, Udaipur, Rajasthan State,
India
*Corresponding author

ABSTRACT

Keywords
This paper examined the performance of Self Help Groups (SHGs) in Tribal Sub Plan
SHGs, Region of Rajasthan state of India. The study also analyzed association between
Performance,
Benefits, Members,
performance and family type, age, income level & education categories. In total 300 SHG
Support, Activities, members were selected for this study. One sample „t‟ test and Pearson's chi-square test of
Opinions association, is use to find out that there is a association among two categorical variables.
Opinion of respondent towards duration of assistance was examined through frequency
Article Info distribution. From the mean value study it reveals that members are seems to be pleased
with SHG functioning, no statistically significant association between family type, age,
Accepted: income groups and opinion across different education groups with SHG performance.
18 December 2020 Despite the numerous studies on SHGs but researcher could not find the word “Evaluative,
Available Online: Tribal Sub Plan Region as there was not a single article which was focused on these areas.
10 January 2021

Introduction nations. The careless attitude of the formal

financing agencies towards the poor section
Poverty has universal existence and various of the society has been progressively yielding
genesis and magnitude. It does not mean only place to adoption of SHG mode of
human or income poverty but it also covers intervention to fight the scourge of poverty,
deficiency of human dignity caused by employment generation and women
vulnerability to social and cultural shocks. empowerment. The new interference has been
ushering in a novel time in India as well. It is
The aggressive practice of the concept, which our loved vision of training our country into
has extricated majority of marginalized financial and acquaintance super power by
segments from poverty in Bangladesh, one of 2025 has every prospect of becoming an
the poorest nations, has been infusing actuality through this innovative model.
prospect in all added deprived and developing
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The Self-Help Groups (SHGs) are frequently These groupings are component of the micro-
unceremonious groups whose members have level financing center on provided the right of
a general insight of need and impulse towards entry to bank credit to the ignored,
communal accomplishment. So groups disadvantaged and the underprivileged parts
encourage savings with members and employ of the social order (Kashyap, 2001).
the pooled resources to meet up the emergent
needs of their members, as well as the SHG are quite little and cost-effectively
expenditure needs (Satish, 2001). homogenous similar grouping of rural
underprivileged, they are willingly come
Nowadays Self Help Groups (SHGs) take part collectively for accomplish the following.
in a most significant role in poverty
mitigation in countryside India. An increasing To save small quantity of money habitually.
amount of underprivileged citizens in a series To common approval to make a payment in
of parts of India are members of SHGs and common fund.
are keenly engaged in savings and credit, as To meet their urgent situation requirements.
well as in supplementary activities eg. To boast group decision-making.
Revenue creation, natural resources To solved the conflicts of the group in all the
management, literacy, youngster concern and way through group leadership and common
nourishment, etc. This SHG structure has discussion.
proven to be extremely appropriate and To provide free of charge credit through the
helpful in contribution women the possibility conditions determined by the group at the
to break away gradually from mistreatment market determined rates.
and separation. Almost all main supporter
agencies support SHGs within India in one Scenario of Self Help Groups
form or another and many accomplishment
stories are available, unfolding how It is an enlightening toward disparity the
membership in a SHG changed the existence SHGs by way of other small groups locate in
of a particular human being or cluster for the the „Grameen model‟ supported on harmony
improvement (Saravanan, 2016). or JLGs (as it come into view in Bangladesh
and broaden all over the world) where clusters
The National Bank for Agriculture and Rural of females are in the similar way brought
Development of India declared that a SHG is jointly to access loans and supplementary
a countryside underprivileged uniform group financial services.
formed willingly that save a sum from their
earnings and put in to a common fund to The Bank for Agriculture and Agricultural
provide its members for useful and emergent Cooperatives (BAAC) has functioned in the
needs (NABARD, 1995 as in Navas, 2015). rural regions of Thailand used for just more
As per Krishnamurthi it is an “organization than thirty years. In the commencement
formed by people for pooling their resources envisaged as a medium to allocate low-priced
to help each other” (Krishnamurthi, 1996), credit to Thai farmers, within the current time
despite the fact Rao whispered that these are BAAC has been moving in the route of a
extremely “constructive tool to help the procedure of adjust to the expanding demands
underprivileged meet out their urgent credit of a market-driven, growing rural financial
requirements” (Rao, 2003). Generally, a SHG system. BAAC's current principle is to put
is created by 10-20 members who come as together existing credits honestly to farmers
one voluntarily for a common intention. throughout farming cooperatives and farmers'

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associations at below-market interest charges 2016. Loan distributed by public sector banks
for farming and its associated activities. under SHG-Bank linkage programme in
Rajasthan was ` 4832.96 lakhs in 2016-17.
In India Bangladesh‟s replica was adopted in
a tailored shape. To improve the poverty and SHGs in Tribal Sub Plan Region
situation of poor women, the micro-finance is
emerging at the same time as a influential Tribal societies take pleasure in traditional
mechanism in the emerging economy. By way leadership. On the other hand, the SHG
of accessibility of micro-finance, self-help associations are motionless or very poor
groups (SHGs) as well as credit management performing in the Tribal populated areas. Lots
groups have too started in India. of reasons behind this like as requirement for
Consequently the SHG interest group has credit across the households, localities and
enlarged in India. It was well reveal that on districts, which was meeting up by
average, here is a noteworthy boost in the moneylenders and relatives. There is a gap
empowerment of women within the SHG intended for micro finance associations like
members group (Swain, & Wallentin, 2009). SHGs and MFIs
SHG supports women to shape voluntary
organization and come out as a grouping of Not many family units have in line with
savercum-borrowers. In reality, several micro-finance institutions like SHGs. Where,
financial assistance, if exploited properly SHGs are found not functioning as well,
generates profitable employment prospects. specially shaped by government departments.
Constructive sign of employment formation The performances of ICDS/ DRDA groups
was created in rural economy. Returns have a were of poor value.
constructive outcome on expenditure in
general and on education, physical condition, Moneylenders were charging high interest
communal and household status of members rates for their loan. Interest rates offered by
in particular. Micro Credit extended to rural MFI were also not low. At this point there
women opens up the scale to empower herself were two main issues- first using micro-
in the family unit (Chatterjee & Apartment, finance intended for poverty mitigation and
2014). next considering micro-finance as a business
opportunity. Nowadays it is primarily the later
In the study of Sukhbir (2007), NABARD has than the former. Poverty cannot be eliminated
been in concert the accountability of with 24 percent rate of interest even if
propagator and catalyst by giving favorable security is not taken. In the SHG association,
course of action in surroundings, training and savings are the collaterals.
competence building in addition expanding
monetary assistance meant for the strong At present there are many organizations
development of the SHG association which were working for encouragement of
programmes over the time. SHGs in TSP area like, NGOs, ICDS through
DWCD, NRLM (earlier SGSY) through
A range of organizations which promote RGAVP, NGOS and by others, DPIP,
SHGs acknowledged as Self Help Promoting NABARD-SHG-BLP through NGOs and
Institutions (SHPIs) in Rajasthan are as under; some others are promoted by watershed
Total number of functioning SHGs in development, literacy mission, RCDF, forest,
Rajasthan was 264119, out of which 98107 watershed development, literacy mission,
SHGs financed by banks as on 31 March RCDF, forest through NGOs and

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cooperatives. The major players in Promotion confidence and capacity for self-
are ICDS, Tribal Area Development determination among the clientele system.
department, NRLM and NGOs (Joshi et al,
2010). According to Sarkhel and Mondal (2013), a
large number of the associated members have
As per CMR 2007 report, estimated SHGs in stated that their family unit position has
tribal region of Rajasthan are as follows: improved by joining the SHGs. The level of
income of the SHG members was increased
As mentioned in above table the total number and this was major cause of improvement in
of SHGs, the highest numbers of SHGs were their societal status in the society. In view of
in Udaipur district, followed by Banswara, the fact SHG helped women to attain
Chittorgarh, Dungarpur and Rajsamand economic empowerment, this course of action
district. The highest numbers of SHGs were measures are contributing a lot to the country.
promoted through ICDS/DWCD in Rajasthan Poverty is normally identified at the same
as well as in TSP region. time as an outcome of idleness and be
deficient in availability of revenue earning
Review of Literature fundamentals. Their empirical investigation
identified that appropriately designed and
Lot of work has been done on micro finance efficiently put into practiced Self Help
in general and channeling micro-finance Groups microfinance programme can not only
through SGHs in particular, in International improve poverty but also give power to
context. The researcher has observed very few women at the grassroots level.
Indian evaluative studies of SHGs, which is
relevant for the present study. Likewise, Greaney et al (2016) found that
privatized representatives started groups,
Meena and Singh (2013) found a noteworthy catch the attention of members, and mobilize
perfection in outlook of SHG members on all savings and intermediate loans at like levels
the five dimensions, viz. socio-economic subsequent to a year but at very worse costs to
upliftment; education and training; marketing the NGO. By the side of the village level, they
and entrepreneurship qualities; technology as well found with the intention of higher
adoption and participatory research; and levels of borrowing, business-related savings,
banking/credit aspects. This positive approach and investment in business. While examining
could be tied together through technological mechanisms, they found with the purpose of
up gradation of SHG members for the self-help groups serve more business-oriented
diversification towards high value crops. The clientele when made easy by agents who face
concept of SHGs could be utilized as an strong financial incentives.
efficient instrument for knowledge
dissemination to prop up the community For instance, the findings of Lambisia (2016)
extension system; communal and shared grouping solidity were of highest importance
learning; institutionalized procedure of in monetary empowerment. Structure of the
empowerment; and sustainable, impartial and grouping attained all the way through
participatory extension and development. enhancing communal communication, joint
Besides effective cooperation and actions and having general interests and goals
coordination among the stakeholders, what is were resultantly directing to group
most essential is to infuse positive and effectiveness, communal support and as a
favorable intentions and attitude, self- result economic empowerment. It was

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concluded that security was not a obligation They found that mass of activities were
for members as seeking credit. Relatively, female conquered, the male counterparts of
group members were accessing credit by the households moreover have specific role in
being guaranteed by other group members. decision making, acquire of accessories, sales,
Group guarantee was homogeneous across all marketing etc. The investigative economics
members and was subject to the credit worked out for the economic viability
evidence of the associate(s) looking for loans. analysis of the SHGs which suggests that, the
It was moreover conditional that group unit takes presently one year to break even. In
agreement was an important aspect in this study, a flourishing case study was
enhancing economic empowerment of SHGs explicated and recognized as a documentary
members. Grouping solidity is of spirit in movie, which can be utilized as a case model
accomplishing group aims and objectives. It is for promoting group accomplishment for
in addition to recommended that SHGs should mobilizing SHGs on a sustainable origin.
forecast troubles such as dedication and group
conflicts levels inside the group that would be In the study of Kumar et al (2018) suggested
unfavorable to cohesiveness of such groups. that the group heterogeneity openly envisages
the usefulness of women‟s self-help groups in
In the study of Vinodhini and Vaijayanthi addition to it was completely convey through
(2016) focused on the wages used for women group formation and procedure of it positively
empowerment and decline of poverty in the forecast the usefulness of the women‟s self-
course of self-help group. They were help groups. The group formation and
associated by developing their communal and procedure was found to be a complete
economic position and give power to women intermediary between group heterogeneity
by increasing their returns, payments and and group effectiveness. The prophetic
saving routines. The key grounds for the exactness of the model is found to be far
achievement of SHGs were its acquaintances above the ground. The findings had
with the deprived people, its inventive implications to bring in extra diversity in
customs and its capability to facilitate members castes, education, and their reasons
people‟s involvement building at diverse for joining women‟s self-help groups at the
levels between stakeholders. They have formation stage and variations in members‟
developed self-assurance and sovereignty skills and expertise at the performing stage of
among rural women, which in turn increased the groups. The members‟ awareness on
the occupation of the rural households. group norms and trust in financial
transactions, and leadership styles together
Specific aspects focused by Vipinkumar et with cooperation and cohesion among
al., (2017) such as performance evaluation of members, transparency in financial
the SHGs, gender study, empowerment transactions, group attendance, and
analysis and economic viability analysis networking with the bank and the federation
based on socio-economic examination of the foster the effectiveness of women‟s self-help
SHGs. In their study, male and female groups.
equivalents of the families were separately
interviewed to evaluate the gender Researcher reviewed many research paper,
mainstreaming features in conditions of articles and journals through NVIVO
impartiality and fairness to access to statistical tool and could not find the word
resources, participation profile, decision- “Evaluative, Tribal Sub Plan Region as there
making aspects, gender need analysis etc. was not a single article which was focused on

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these areas. It focused on poverty, women, one tehsil from each district on the basis of
development, SHGs, need, micro-economic, random sampling (lottery method).
micro-finance, employment, government,
bank, financial institutions, credit, improved, For primary data collection, judgmental
poor, alleviation, activities etc. sampling was used to select the SHGs, which
were established at least four years ago. Later
Materials and Methods the sample SHGs were selected on the basis
of simple random sampling (lottery method).
The present research includes descriptive Six SHGs were selected randomly from each
study approach used to test the hypotheses tehsil, 10 members were selected randomly
and show conclusions from the data analysis. from each SHG.
This study uses quantitative approach of
problem solving. Sample size

Collection of data: For accomplish the Due to the constraint of data availability of
objectives of this research both primary as SHGs, cost and time limitation of the present
well as secondary data were collected: study, 300 SHG members selected for the
survey.
Primary data source: For the current
research, primary data was collected through Research area
structured questionnaire by personal contact
with SHG members. The study was conducted in Tribal Sub Plan
(TSP) region of Rajasthan, which includes
Secondary data source: For the present Udaipur, Dungarpur, Banswara, Pratapgarh
research, secondary data was collected and Sirohi districts of Rajasthan.
through periodicals, magazine, books,
journals, web portals, research papers, and Selection of tehsils: One tehsil from every
case study, articles, and news papers. Online district was selected randomly. 5 SHGs
directories like indiastat, EBSCO and Google selected from each tehsil and members are
Scholar websites were also supportive. selected randomly from each tehsil.

Sampling design: For this study, multistage Data analysis

stratified random sampling and judgmental
sampling were used. In this section, respondents were asked about
SHG performance, association between
Population: ICDS promoted SHGs were performance and family type, difference of
selected by researcher because as per member‟s opinion across demographics and
Rajasthan Micro Finance report March 2013- assistant provided to SHGs.
14, out of ICDS, NRLM (earlier SGSY),
NABARD-SHG-BLP, DPIP and others, the Demographic Analysis of SHG Members
highest number of SHGs were promoted in
Rajasthan by ICDS (2, 31,212). The distribution of age, marital status, type of
family, education, occupation, sources of
Five districts come under Tribal Sub Plan income etc are presented in this section. This
region viz. Udaipur, Dungarpur, Banswara, will enable one to understand the sample
Pratapgarh and Sirohi. Researcher selected characteristics and the analysis in the

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demographic context will help in knowing the

variation in behavior expression by people The performance of SHG has been measured
with diverse demographic background. by a survey of SHG members. The Responses
are captured in 5-Likert Point scale as
Self-Help Group performance measures displayed.

Strongly agree - 5 Agree - 4 Neutral - 3 Disagree - 2 Strongly Disagree - 1

We assume that the member perceive that Members are not satisfied with easiness of
SHG is performing well and Agree on the sanction of loan to members by SHG and
proper functioning of SHG. Following amount of documents required at the time of
hypothesis was formulated. loan sanction.

H01: The SHG members in tribal region are Association between performance and
not satisfied with the existing practices of family type
SHGs
The chi-square test of association is used to
Ha1: The SHG members in tribal region are find out if there is an association between
satisfied with the existing practices of SHGs family type and SHG performance (two
categorical variables).
The one-sample t-test is applied to determine
whether a sample comes from a population H02: Family Type and SHG performance are
with a specific mean.. For the present independent.
analysis, we test the data with hypotheses
mean of „3‟ = Neutral. By default, SPSS uses Ha2: Family Type and SHG performance are
95% confidence intervals. This equates to dependent.
declaring statistical significance at the p <. 05
level. From the table 6 it is observe that χ (4) =
0.628, p =. 960. This tells us that there is no
Table 5 presented the p values of majority of statistically significant association between
dimensions which are <0.05, therefore, it can family type and SHG performance. Hence,
be concluded that the population means and the performance of SHG is not dependent
sample means are significantly different. family type, therefore Ho accepted.
From the mean value analysis reveals that
members are seems to be satisfied with SHG Difference of members’ opinion across
functioning. SHG regularly organized demographics
meeting. They regular monitoring of the
group and its activities is done properly. SHG For opinion of members‟ across
member contribute to decision making demographics, ANOVA analysis was used to
process and helps in making repayment of determine the presence of differences among
loan on time. SHG maintains accounts record overall perception.
regularly and also assist in problem solving of
group. Members also agreed that SHG Difference in opinion of members with age
contribute in marketing activities of group groups
and sanction sufficient amount of loan for
members with appropriate recovery measures. The ANOVA presents the statistical test for

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overall model fit in terms of F Ratio. For this overall model fit in terms of F Ratio. For this
following hypothesis formulated; following hypothesis formulated;

H03: There is no significant difference among H05: There is no significant difference among
opinion of different age groups. opinion of members from different education
categories.
Ha3: There is significant difference among
opinion of different age groups. Ha5: There is significant difference among
opinion of members from different education
Table 7 states that there is not much categories.
difference in mean value of opinion in
different age groups. With the above analysis, Table 9 state that there is not much difference
it can be conclude that member opinion does among mean value of opinion and different
not differ across age categories. There was a education categories. With the above analysis,
non-statistically significant difference it can be conclude that member opinion does
between opinion across different Age groups, not differ across education categories.
as determined by one-way ANOVA (p>0.05).
So H0 hypothesis was accepted. There was a non-statistically significant
difference between opinion across different
Opinion of members with income level education groups, as determined by one-way
ANOVA (p>0.05). So the H0 hypothesis was
The ANOVA provides the statistical test for accepted.
overall model fit in terms of F Ratio. For this
following hypothesis formulated; Difference in opinion of member across
different family type
H04: There is no significant difference among
opinion of members from different Income Independent sample„t‟ test was applied to
groups. examine the difference in opinion of members
Ha4: There is significant difference among across difference family type. For this
opinion of members from different Income following hypothesis formulated;
groups.
H06: There is no significant difference in the
Table 8 states that there is not much members‟ opinion across the type of family.
difference in mean value of opinion of
members in different income levels. With the Ha6: There is significant difference in the
above analysis, it can be conclude that members‟ opinion across the type of family.
member opinion does not differ across
income categories. There was a non- Table 10 states that the P value. 833 is grater
statistically significant difference between then level of significance so H0 was accepted.
opinion across different income groups, as So it is concluded that there is no difference
determined by one-way ANOVA (p>0.05). So in member opinion across different type of
the H0 hypothesis was accepted. family.
Difference in opinion of members with Assistance provided to SHG
education categories
To examine the adequacy of mechanism for
The ANOVA provides the statistical test for sanctioning financial resources in tribal region

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following criteria was taken for respondents. assistance for the period of one year. 47
percent of respondent receive assistance for 2
Duration of assistance to SHG members years.

The respondents were inquired about the Appropriateness of duration of assistance

duration of assistance provided by the SHG.
The responses are summarized in figure 3. Opinion of respondent towards duration of
assistance was examined through frequency
Figure 3 revealed the fact that the most of the distribution and results are presented in figure
financial and government institution provide 4.

Table.1 Details about the SHG promoting agencies in Rajasthan

Agency Scheme/ Project Remarks

Department of Child and No specific scheme Groups are organised by
Women Development Anganwadi workers and Sathins
(DWCD)
Department of Rural National Rural Livelihoods Mission- Groups comprising of mostly BPL
Development NRLM (earlier Swarnajayanti Gram households- inclusive of co-opted
Swarojgar Yojana, Watershed from NGOs following the norms
Development Programmes, DPIP (now of “Panchasutra”
RRLP) MPOWER
NABARD and Banks SHG-Bank Linkage Programme Through NGOs, Regional Rural
Banks (RRBs) and Cooperatives.
Cooperatives The cooperatives have very
recently started forming SHGs
Civil Society With support from Donor agencies Groups promoted by NGOs under
Organizations (such as Sakh Se Vikas of SRTT) Govt. sponsored programmes are
and Govt. programmes often reported by both
Others Forest Department, Department
of Industries (under cluster
development programme)
Source: http://www.cmfraj.org/MicrofinanceReport2012.pdf by Bhargava, 2011

Table.2 SHGs in tribal region of Rajasthan

Districts ICDS/DWCD SGSY DPIP Others Total

Banswara 5375 2875 - 500 8750
Rajasamand 2500 1000 3250 - 6750
Chittorgarh 6625 1250 - 375 8250
Udaipur 5625 2750 - 1750 10125
Dungarpur 3125 3625 - 1250 8000
Source: Estimated from CMR, 2008, Status of Micro Finance in Rajasthan

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Table.3 List of selected tehsils with number of members

Strata [District (Tehsil)] Sample size (Members)

Banswara (Ghatol) 60
Dungarpur (Dungarpur) 60
Pratapgarh(Pratapgarh) 60
Sirohi (Aburoad) 60
Udaipur (Salumbar) 60
Total 300
Source: Author‟s compilation

Table.4 Demographic profile of SHGs Members (n=300)

Frequency Percentage
Age
20-25 33 11
>25-30 51 17
>30-35 63 21
>35 and above 153 51
Marital Status
Single 42 14
Married 258 86
Type of family
Joint 171 57
Nuclear 129 43
Education
Illiterate 72 24
Literate 195 65
Matric and above 24 8
Sr. secondary and above 6 2
Graduate 3 1
PG 0 0
Vocational 0 0
Occupation
Agriculture/poultry 138 46
Labour/Helper 87 29
Petty ventures 30 10
Service 0 0
Unemployed 18 6
Other 27 9
Multiple sources of income
Yes 213 71
No 87 29
Alternative sources of income

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Family owned business 8 4

Farming 72 34
Live stock production 117 54
Fishing 0 0
Other 16 8
Monthly Income
Less than 4,000 129 43
4,000-8,000 105 35
>8000-12,000 51 17
>12,000-16,000 09 3
>16,000 6 2

Table.5 Opinion of SHG members (Descriptive statistics, N= 300)

Dimensions Mean Std. T-value Mean Sig.

Deviation Difference (2-tailed)
This SHG manages group properly 3.967 0.801 20.912 0.967 0.000
Regular meetings are organized 4.060 0.828 22.177 1.060 0.000
Regular monitoring of the group and its 4.003 0.747 23.253 1.003 0.000
activities is done
SHG contribute to decision making 4.417 0.894 27.450 1.417 0.000
SHG helps in making repayment of loan on 3.767 0.906 14.650 0.767 0.000
time
SHG maintains accounts record regularly 4.073 0.900 20.648 1.073 0.000
SHG helps in problem solving of group 3.623 0.882 12.245 0.623 0.000
SHG contribute in marketing activities of 3.177 1.008 3.037 0.177 0.003
group
SHG sanction sufficient amount of loan for 3.253 0.890 4.931 0.253 0.000
members
Sanction of loan to members by SHG is 2.270 1.315 -9.614 -0.730 0.000
complicated
SHG provide sanctioning assistance 3.320 1.068 5.188 0.320 0.000
Lot of documents required at the time of 2.023 1.169 -14.467 -0.977 0.000
loan sanction
SHG makes loan available on time for 3.357 0.871 7.093 0.357 0.000
members
Interest charges from borrowings in the 3.493 0.778 10.983 0.493 0.000
group by SHG
Recovery of loan by the SHG if any member 3.490 0.782 10.849 0.490 0.000
is not paying on time

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Table.6 Association between performance and family type

Family type * Opinion

(Cross tabulation)
Opinion Total
Excellent Good Average Satisfactory Poor
Family Nuclear Count 44 115 8 2 2 171
type Joint Count 33 88 4 2 2 129
Total Count 77 203 12 4 4 300
Chi-Square Tests
Value Df Asymp. Sig. (2-sided)
a
Pearson Chi-Square .628 4 .960
N of Valid Cases 300
a. 4 cells (40.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 1.72.

Table.7 Difference in opinion of members with age groups

Total opinion
N Mean Std. Std. 95% Confidence Minimum Maximum
Deviation Error Interval for Mean
Lower Upper
Bound Bound
20-25 33 51.4242 4.00024 .69635 50.0058 52.8427 40.00 58.00
>25-30 50 51.7800 4.79919 .67871 50.4161 53.1439 40.00 61.00
>30-35 64 52.5625 4.82676 .60335 51.3568 53.7682 40.00 61.00
>35 and 153 52.5359 4.16916 .33706 51.8700 53.2019 40.00 61.00
above
Total 300 52.2933 4.40515 .25433 51.7928 52.7938 40.00 61.00

ANOVA
Total opinion
Sum of Squares Df Mean Square F Sig.
Between Groups 51.744 3 17.248 .888 .448
Within Groups 5750.443 296 19.427
Total 5802.187 299

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Table.8 Difference in opinion of members with income level

Descriptive
Total opinion
N Mean Std. Std. 95% Confidence Minimum Maximum
Deviation Error Interval for Mean
Lower Upper
Bound Bound
Less than 128 52.2188 4.45615 .39387 51.4393 52.9982 40.00 61.00
4,000
4,000-8,000 106 52.4623 4.57774 .44463 51.5806 53.3439 40.00 61.00
>8000-12,000 50 51.9400 4.27814 .60502 50.7242 53.1558 40.00 60.00
>12,000- 10 52.9000 2.28279 .72188 51.2670 54.5330 50.00 58.00
16,000
>16,000 6 52.8333 4.91596 2.00693 47.6743 57.9923 49.00 59.00
Total 300 52.2933 4.40515 .25433 51.7928 52.7938 40.00 61.00
ANOVA
Total opinion
Sum of Squares Df Mean Square F Sig.
Between Groups 15.409 4 3.852 .196 .940
Within Groups 5786.777 295 19.616
Total 5802.187 299

Table.9 Difference in opinion of members with education categories

Descriptive
Total opinion
N Mean Std. Std. 95% Confidence Interval Minimum Maximum
Deviation Error for Mean
Lower Upper
Bound Bound
Illiterate 71 52.5352 4.18784 .49701 51.5440 53.5265 43.00 61.00
Literate 197 52.2589 4.36463 .31097 51.6456 52.8722 40.00 61.00
Matric and above 23 51.4783 5.14225 1.07223 49.2546 53.7019 40.00 60.00
Sr. sec and above 6 52.0000 6.00000 2.44949 45.7034 58.2966 45.00 60.00
Graduate 3 55.6667 3.51188 2.02759 46.9427 64.3907 52.00 59.00
Total 300 52.2933 4.40515 .25433 51.7928 52.7938 40.00 61.00
ANOVA
Total opinion
Sum of df Mean F Sig.
Squares Square
Between Groups 54.322 4 13.580 .697 .595
Within Groups 5747.865 295 19.484
Total 5802.187 299

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Table.10 Difference in opinion of member across different family type

Group Statistics
Family type N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean
Total opinion Joint 171 52.2339 4.48831 .34323
Nuclear 129 52.3721 4.30855 .37935

Independent Samples Test

Levene's t-test for Equality of Means
Test for
Equality of
Variances
F Sig. t df Sig. Mean Std. Error 95% Confidence
(2- Difference Difference Interval of the
tailed) Difference
Lower Upper
Total Equal .045 .833 .26 298 .788 -.13817 .51452 - .87438
opinion variances 1.1503
assumed
Equal - 281.37 .787 -.13817 .51158 - .8688
variances not .27 1.1451
assumed

Fig.1 Word cloud of literature

Source: Researcher own inference

Fig.2 Map of the study area

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ig.3 Duration of Assistance for Members

Fig.4 Appropriateness of duration of assistance

Fig.5 Satisfaction with the assistance provided by agencies

Satisfaction with the assistance provided by Figure 5 revealed the fact that the most of the
agencies SHG members are satisfied (63 percent) with
the assistance provide by the government
The respondents were asked about the extent department and financial institution. It seems
of satisfaction provided by agencies presented that SHGs are working properly in the study
in Figure 5. areas because only 4 percent respondents
were highly dissatisfied.

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There was highly significant difference business assistance. Majority of SHG

between population mean and sample mean members believe that the duration of
so, the mean value analysis reveals that assistance was appropriate and they seem to
members seems to be satisfied with SHG be satisfied with SHG functioning towards
functioning. SHG regularly organized providing proper business assistance. SHG
meeting. They regularly monitored the group member agreed to receive adequate support
and its activities. SHG member contribute to for establishment of business including
decision making process and helps in making support in marketing and support in decision
repayment of loan on time. SHG maintains making.
accounts record regularly and also assist in
problem solving of group. Members also Based on the major findings of the research,
agreed that SHG contribute in marketing the following conclusion has been drawn
activities of group and sanction sufficient from member‟s perspective; Majority of the
amount of loan for members with appropriate Self Help Group member interviewed
recovery measures. Members are not satisfied indicated that, they have benefited from the
with convenience of sanction of loan to being part of Self Help Group. Furthermore,
members by SHG and amount of documents significant improvements in livelihood of Self
required at the time of loan sanction. There Help Group beneficiaries were revealed from
was no significant association between family the study. Significant improvement in
type and SHG performance. Hence, the livelihood indicators such as participation in
performance of SHG is not dependent on family decision making, easiness in accessing
family type. More than half of respondents loan from money lenders, respect from family
receive assistance from financial and members, ability to bear children school
government institution for the period of one expenses and able to pay medical bills,
year. 47 percent of respondent receive enhancement of household Assets like
assistance for 2 years. Majority of the SHG purchase of land and building home, ability to
members are satisfied (63 percent) with the market produce and easiness in accessing new
assistance provided by the government information were recorded from the study.
department and financial institution. There
was no significant difference found among References
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How to cite this article:

Satyveer Singh Meena and Hanuman Prasad. 2021. An Evaluative Study of Performance of
Self Help Groups in Tribal Sub Region of Rajasthan. Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci. 10(01):
2916-2933. doi: https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2021.1001.338

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