8-5-2

ole.sncep LECTURE-I

oMatto >Angthing that has nmass and eccupiAs spaco

TYPES OF MATTER: L Qun Ahe lasis a chemical

PopAilA--
9n the laais ot -PURE MIXTURE < -

phuicaL pspUies
sid Cros
E L E M E N TS

cOMPOUNDS - 7 Whn
O N D S L -
2

It conaiAts of onty one tpi unen w e e mantA

CAmlne
than t e emenis& paica
Comine cnemicaily in a i L d pr8pOt- a untWe
-

n a cemp6und a eumRd oumeo

whn emontA Om CAMpaunds , ihey AA
ma 8AL ANAin apihLC poper A COMponen
and a dlLance wAn CAnmplitily
n u pHOpUUUs moy 0umed
I Can du slpa t
-ed y-phaica
Product React
PUSCLAAs. E.
ant ProduCt Sedirmentation
Reactant
Time Tim ewapeatud
Fndothermic Exot ermiC
Teactionqraphi u n u u g a t i o n
reaction graph elassmate
8-5-21
oThe w6d elnment was qien ay LONSUiAl.

VAPORISATION Suauid-> G04

Evapsoa tura-.
6cCwu at ine biing- tien Gccs ar onu
peint ot tne duid tmnAIUUL t h e
Bulk pinnAmn0M nan sne miing
p6int ot tne i a i d
SAAacA pnNAMnaa

SUBLTMATION S6d>gas
oDEPOSTTION Gas SSid

elasSMAte
15-21
hole nept LECTURE-2

rt. One male ot a n entity o.02 2x1028 enuilsA

Avsgadas nuumle G.022 xio

ELoment ALpmic uignt (ën gm/male)

HudeARN
COueOn 2 o AUAmuc w i g t 6

NJJO
( n gama) oh &nL msle
Fusne 19 enuutes
Sediumn 23 E9. G.022 X 10*3 caHQn
55
mangonise
G3.S
CsppT
2 4 ato = 12/.022X10**
MOgAum
Auumiunu 2
Sulphlt 32
35.5 0eupWs 22. 4 As
PO w 31 OUM at STP/
Colcuum NTP. Aerually ir is ,

5 22. AA O NTP.
STP S t n d O d Temp. But h o Calulatinn
we AL 22.4 UAA
and PuAAlke (ot /273 k)i
a t Otw STP& NTP
NTP (1 atm.)
AJTP- NOUMal Tep. &
Pusau (o'c(2 3 k), (Ibax) elAsSMAte
 9-5-21
* POumulou te Hud no. uolA
. MOl = wuanr qiven (n ama)
meleular /ausmic mass

2.Ml = NO. @ eniils quen

AV6GadHOS nuumUU: (6.022 X\o23)

3. Mel= vOuum 9au at STP/NTP (un uAA)

22.4

M LS meULll = MAlLA OatOMs

AJsmÜnu
Atmicty = no. 04 atom n a auu.
Eg. 1mAlL H0 naA /2 maAL 0 H2 molecule.

n rnsu can allo up ntad ou:

FOt atoma:
Lns 18m AnA = naall

elassMAte
 LECTURE-3

Concntation toumA:- ReLatlne amaunt SoUt, n a

at
40uutton.Te m L a s l LOnAniatiOn, thHL
AQNNn wniu, tn aA callld COncenULation tum:
2.MoaUiy 3.ML PAtun e
1.MOlai
4. PecRntaqe tWnmA 5. Ppm (2part /miluian)e
G.NOUmaiity POmaiy

maloiy (M)
oum a seun (n i i A )
M m0AA O s a u e X10OO
VOLnML Ot SOLn (Un mt)
maLaly (m)
= MOUs

weignt &4 S0enr(in ka

MAllA $AutL X1ooO

(3.) Msle tactiow (x)

48ut MAWs $6tL mALA Souto
malls sauL.

classMAte
 sowent tsshute n upHUARNE
mallA

hsalute + nsawent
ngouion nsaun

geutiow

(4.) PeucAtag t A:
ww = wugnt &0ut XoO

Y. / = wumr eS8lute (un r m ) x 100

(5. PPm (pats pA miUOn) -

waed usnn the

ant i8wtL u y u4 a4 campaad to
s t . use to" ú a d Op 1o for PPb (pasuts

PPm (ut/ w) = wt. Saluuto x Jo p bLOrn

PPm wv): t . ok sautt ( gamA) XIo

t t t h uunme Ot seun (im me)
X10 6
PPm (t/v) =

clasSMAte
LECTURE-
IG5-21
NOmalily (N)
N eqUUaIANLe
VSMe 6t in tits)
Seun
N
st. st s8ut (in qm) / equwaLnt wtgnt
v e u m ts6u (n i a s )
N t. h g8lute (n am)/molAuLA Mas/n-hackeG
VOl M
N =
Ut. et Sault x rn-
acO%
moluulal mAss x vuume 86ur
N mola y xntacAt
wwalnCR = t. Souutl (un 9m)
eauwaln wGF

N-jact@t:
F aids: ND. H TOns encManged
N-aCrOL 0k an acta =Baiciy & actd
NarMR 0atd
HSO4 2

HNO3
HC
HPO4 (PMAA phsit acid 3
HPO3 (PAphoauua aid) 2
H.PO, HupopnoipnArLA) I

asSMAte
 1G-5-2
o
FOX
baAes: N0.
OH ans nnand
onacto oh Jase = Acci 8 aLe.
F NM 6 Baue -Lac
NaOH
ma (oH). 2
A OH) 3
o
F Sats Ir u he Am a} manimunn

CaCCaC: Cat2 2

[ u - , = -2
Here, moiunmww ChanL = 2

N&t: unenaNA a aCULOM s q e n tni numANA

AA

t(Ht]/[oH-] tsns enchanged might ae a s

Man i t actaiy/ baaiciy n such caaes, we
w we no. ot ons emcnanged
the

the uacton. E Ractien id not gen, w

Lda n-hacrors.
1-5-2
hele ConceptLECTURE-*5
*Findina the ConcQNtHaUuon a a minul 6 O
u o s0udisns.
o
PO (acid+aid) (Base +Base)
N3V NV, + NaV2
H , N3 N&umaliiy et inau saution

N,N Noumau A 30uu|&2 upeetineM

V,,V2 = V & l m 30NN & 2 Jp.

P6tacid +base) :
N3V N,V, - NV2

i acid> base tMen NgV wl giRA ne

COncNttatUNN

base>acd e n NgVa wu e Ine

CEncnotisn OH USA.
MALOluty= MOll actUMN Q sOuullx 1000

Mall OCH On Q80UUnF x Mol, uuF. Q

Ppm (w/w) = % (ww) X(oT

(m8LaUUr) x (nMa{.wt
o0o (oAnsity) -
20-5-
oke LoHLOER ET LECTURE-G

Percentage CempeaUÜon 2
CH4 MALLcua uwUUgNt =
C 12 (atamuc maus Q CaUQN) x 1oo = 15/,
(molecula Mass a CH4)
. H 4(atomt masl 0t d a a e n x100 = 2S%
16 (mauAMOt mas a CH4)
Ques. . C =757 /H 25/.,
2
m a l l u l a moAs = 32. TNen, tund n e

Oraic wt simplitaTie
45 5/ o.26 .25/25
25/, = 25 25/0.2s = +
H 2S

Empiical timula= C, H4
Mo la HOmUL= (Empuical oNMuAn
ie. (CH4) n
n moLeCuRa ut.
Empitcau HUMuLA t
n= 32/1e=2
MoLewulat OMla =
(CH4),
CHal
Herl, 7o atOmUC wt. = 7 a M a t eumANt

aremuc maLs &thaF elmAn

elassmate
20-5-2
simalat atio= . aAomuc ut. hat eumant
LeaAt % atomuc wt. aamana
a l elmANtA
Te tind ana empica tomuLA, find ine
appoimato alue oh mpiLAr Hatio0.
T ne umplAt Jatio 64 a y elmaNt ends
uitn (.s) , then muutipy al umplAAt
Otios witn 2.
uwsiung Ani appoximati vauA alANa
uut thi nmical OmuLoU eaCn
eman GURA h e p i i a l toAmula
CompounA.

T i n d auut the amau p8ducr Omid

in a aciian, thue ote 2 mutads:-
1 Cnopt uMthut
umiing Juagent - T e a 0 U w L C N the,

OR

miwno LOORnt.
1 zn 1Fe 2S >12nPeSz

Stoicniomenuic C8-ehictnt
lassMAte

walaji Trading
Poothkalan Delhi 110086 150 250 350 450
20-5-2
Stips: 1. Bolonci t R equation.
2.FJund u t ne no. 0 n s u u dt a c h
HLALtant (nAr iwn)
3. Diide n e nD. a} mAUA eacn
AAnint /CAmpound by s HpAtine
ATIANAOmetie C&-CHicnt= sC
4Th eleman/CompOnd aAnNg he
LLAAt malL l sC Hats is the umtina
Ragen [LR
s.Moll/sc Aaio o4 LR) X (espective sc)

2.) ConLAPt equwallnce:

AtB C+D
T
Then, EQUivalnce A= eoi. oj B =
equ.OA C
eui. D .

EquwralLnLe = CTin ust. (n 2ramA)

eautvolAnt ut.
mol Xntaarn
N X V (in MLA)
N=nAMA y o V= VQUUmL

alassMAte
 23-5 21

ind equwaLNNt
unatine mutheos i o h e m
#A
weignt:
EAICla EA T Eu

2 / 3 t 35.5/
+35.5

q-4S
metmod
>Hudu0g en displacemaNt
= E . wu: a muAY
Mass o4 H2 diaplace2d Eay t 6HHduogn

Mass O metoE . t . Q meal

Cnuauda methOd:
matau: Ey. ut. a metau . Em
Mass O}
MaAs 0 Chlsrinw 35.5

elASSMAte

Better
25-5-2

elo LoncccrURE=
LECTURE-7

hauu Chemical COmbination

neithr be t a t A d n A be dAitHAYRd ,ir can

anuy b. manajaLd tom Qnt hsm Js

ony
anotne w. Anutoun kawsiiwe
NuClAax Lactians olS nAt
conAUXNa TLaM &} mass.

2.a t muutupl papatuons: in wo

elments MAOCE and 0 m olitHe
Compounda, MAn diAnenr maARA o} Onre
elmant Omaine with HIA maus a t oMal
elumnr in MALL numlor Kauias. Tan

3. hau O dLAAnte piopgtiQ: Anu WW

AmaaAnmaamsssaasmasasbas AAL

COmpournd aluuaua ONtais a tmd pLAPAAF

ÄSn af elementA ey mass. JQLepw PudUsE|

AAadossmsnAAsaaAaaaAAsat
8asos HAAckant uacr anc gie 9aseaUAA
pAduct at saume timpAXO L and pLLLN
Comlolnna.
elasSmAtee

o00
25-5-21

e o wnall umo Ga uac

5. AMLa-odas hau: Ar conaOt tmpAAAtuwe
ana
CAAit ot q a l numoi mauculs.

1. mato s madL up o taMAy_Amal,

indiisioAL pakticAS casLa atam&
a - J0mia' = indinisihl

& 2. An euement coniati O same p e a

atam&.
3. 8imila elmentA cambine tS Om atts at0ms.
4. DitHANE elumants comains in d
p O t i o n ts tom CAmpaunds.
*Dautans alemLe thasiy COund eplaùn -
RAnd O ehemieal coMbination

Atgmie nuumJaRu(z)>Tts t A nuumlbAl O pUOTon.

OR NO. telLcktons n a nutkal atAM).
Z npt OR he-

AtOmic mau OR Mass numb&t (A) =TOEOL o .

A npt t nj
elAsSMAte
 5-21

nuAns
No. Q puAQns+ No. A
A Z+ nN
n A-z

TASTpe ElemeNt! N a n g sarML atomUC no. butC

diyuant atamte mass.

A TALtopio - Atamie mass iuOLopLI)x( Abunda

-nce)+(Atomic maLs a I)x(1Abundan
IOO

POUmula mOAA Lt ALpAA ANted fae LaniL

Compaunaa MaAs a empiiical hoMulaL
mALL l HOuuWA NaC 2 86diuum chlLOLdAe
=

Ermpiueoa muLa= Nal

K* AtSmic mass 12C sas asAianad atome mas

12 amu.
amu = l l ) AATAN = IDaton = ) AvagaM

amu = 1.G%X1o-2 g

elassMAtee

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