Estimation Theory

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Theoretical Explanation

of Estimation of Building
Construction
ESTIMATION

Estimation is the probable cost of any project or work


which is prepared before the execution of work or project.

Estimation is the process of calculating the cost of various


items involved in the work by calculating the quantity of
various items and considering the local prevailing rates of
the item.
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The main object of estimation is that it is necessary to
justify the investment required for the execution of any
work. If the estimated cost is more than the fund
available, then it becomes necessary to reduce the
volume of work or else it becomes necessary to change
the specification of various items involved in the project.

The actual cost of the project comes to know after the


completion of project. The estimation of project shall be
prepared such that the estimated cost must be very
nearer to the actual cost of project.
Data required for Estimation :
To prepare the estimate of any project, the following data
is required.

1. Detailed drawings such as plan, elevation and


important sections and also structural drawings.
2. Scheduled Rates
3. Specification of various items.
Application or necessity of Estimation :
1. Estimation of any project is required for the
justification of investment.
2. From the Estimation, the Quantity of different items
are worked out and with the help of these quantities
of items, the quantity of different material for
different items can be worked out.
3. By knowing the quantities of various items and output
of labour, the number of skilled labour and unskilled
of labour required to execute that work can be
calculated.
Application or necessity of Estimation :
4. From the Estimation, the completion schedule time of
project can be worked out.
5. To call the tender and to prepare the tender notice
and to allocate the work to the contractor, estimation
of project is required.
Methods of Estimation :
There are two methods of Estimation.
1. Long wall and Short wall method
2. Center Line Method
1. Long Wall and Short Wall method :
In this method by studying the entire plan, the plan is
divided into long wall (LW) and short wall (SW). Generally
the long wall measured are taken in one direction and
measured out to out. Hence a wall measured out to out is
called as short wall.
In the estimation of structure using long wall and short
wall method, the following steps has to be followed.

i. Divide the entire plan into number of LW & SW as per


convenient and designate them. Walls which are
having different length or foundation details are to be
designated separately. (Such as LW1 , LW2 , LW3 etc
and SW1 , SW2 , SW3 etc )
ii. Calculate centre to centre length of all long wall and
short wall with reference to plan
i.e, c/c length of long wall = (length of long wall in that
direction)+(half of thickness of wall on one end)+(half of
thickness of wall on other end)

and

c/c length of short wall = (length of short wall in that


direction)+(half of thickness of wall on one side)+(half of
thickness of wall on other side)

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iii. Actual length of long wall is obtained by adding half
of the width of an item on either side to the
calculated centre line length.

0.3 0.3 1 1
c/c of LW = 6+ + =6.3m Actual Length = 6.3+ + = 7.3m
2 2 2 2

0.3 0.3 B B
c/c of SW = 4+ + =4.3m (La )LW = (Lc )LW + +
2 2 2 2
iv. The actual length of short wall is obtained by
deducting half width of an item on one side and half
width of an item on other side.

B B
(La )SW = (Lc )SW − −
2 2

v. These actual calculated length are multiplied with


depth and width of the respective item.

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