SQL - Aggregare - Functions - GroupBy - Having

Aggregate Functions in SQL
Introduction to Databases
MIN() and MAX() Functions
• The MIN() function returns the smallest value of the selected column.
• The MAX() function returns the largest value of the selected column.
• SELECT MIN(column_name)
FROM table_name
WHERE condition;
• SELECT MAX(column_name)
FROM table_name
WHERE condition;
Example
• SELECT MIN(Price) AS SmallestPrice

FROM Products;
• SELECT MAX(Price) AS LargestPrice
FROM Products;
MySQL COUNT()
• The COUNT() function returns the number of rows that matches a
specified criterion.
• SELECT COUNT(column_name)
FROM table_name
WHERE condition;
• SELECT COUNT(ProductID)
FROM Products;
Count(*)
• COUNT(*) returns the number of rows in a specified table
• It preserves duplicate rows. It counts each row separately.
• This includes rows that contain null values.
• COUNT(*) without GROUP BY returns the cardinality (number of
rows) in the result set. This includes rows comprised of all-NULL
values and duplicates.
• COUNT(*) with GROUP BY returns the number of rows in each group.
This includes NULL values and duplicates.
Count(*)
• COUNT(ALL <expression>) evaluates expression for each row in a
group, and returns the number of non null values.
• COUNT(DISTINCT *expression*) evaluates expression for each row in
a group, and returns the number of unique, non null values.
Example
• SELECT COUNT(*) FROM HumanResources.Employee;
• Output:
290
• SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT Title) FROM HumanResources.Employee;

• Output:
67
MySQL AVG()
• The AVG() function returns the average value of a numeric column.
• SQL AVG function is used to find out the average of a field in various
records.
• This function returns the average of the values in a group. It ignores
null values.
• Syntax
SELECT AVG(column_name)
FROM table_name
WHERE condition;
Example
• SELECT AVG(Price)
FROM Products;
MySQL SUM()
• The SUM() function returns the total sum of a numeric column.
• Returns the sum of all the values, or only the DISTINCT values, in the
expression.
• SUM can be used with numeric columns only.
• Null values are ignored.
• Syntax
SELECT SUM(column_name)
FROM table_name
WHERE condition;
Example
• SELECT SUM(Quantity)
FROM OrderDetails;
• OR
• SELECT SUM(DISTINCT Quantity)

FROM OrderDetails;
MySQL IFNULL()
• The MySQL IFNULL() function lets you return an alternative value if an
expression is NULL.
• The IFNULL() function returns a specified value if the expression is
NULL.
• If the expression is NOT NULL, this function returns the expression.
MySQL IFNULL()
• Syntax
IFNULL(expression, alt_value)
expression Required. The expression to test whether
is NULL
alt_value Required. The value to return
if expression is NULL
Example:
SELECT ProductName, UnitPrice * (UnitsInStock +
IFNULL(UnitsOnOrder, 0))
FROM Products;
ORDER BY Clause
• The ORDER BY clause can be used in the SELECT query to sort the
result in ascending or descending order of one or more columns.
• The ORDER BY keyword is used to sort the result-set in ascending or
descending order.
• The ORDER BY keyword sorts the records in ascending order by
default.
• To sort the records in descending order, use the DESC keyword.
Order By Syntax|Example
• SELECT column1, column2, ...
FROM table_name
ORDER BY column1, column2, ... ASC|DESC;
• SELECT * FROM Customers

ORDER BY Country;
• SELECT * FROM Customers

ORDER BY Country DESC;
MySQL GROUP BY Statement
• The GROUP BY statement groups rows that have the same values into
summary rows, like "find the number of customers in each country".
• The SQL GROUP BY clause is used in collaboration with the SELECT
statement to arrange identical data into groups.
• The GROUP BY statement is often used with aggregate functions
(COUNT(), MAX(), MIN(), SUM(), AVG()) to group the result-set by one
or more columns.
GROUP BY Syntax
• SELECT column_name(s)
FROM table_name
WHERE condition
GROUP BY column_name(s)
ORDER BY column_name(s);
Example
• SELECT COUNT(CustomerID), Country
FROM Customers
GROUP BY Country;
• SELECT DeptId, COUNT(EmpId) as 'Number of Employees' FROM

Employee GROUP BY DeptId;
• SELECT dept.Name, sum(emp.salary) as 'Total Salaries' FROM

Employee emp, Department dept WHERE emp.deptid = dept.DeptId
GROUP by dept.Name
• The HAVING clause was added to SQL because the WHERE keyword
cannot be used with aggregate functions.
• The HAVING Clause enables you to specify conditions that filter which
group results appear in the results.
• The WHERE clause places conditions on the selected columns,
whereas the HAVING clause places conditions on groups created by
the GROUP BY clause.
HAVING Syntax
• SELECT column_name(s)
FROM table_name
WHERE condition
GROUP BY column_name(s)
HAVING condition
ORDER BY column_name(s);
Example
FROM Customers
GROUP BY Country
HAVING COUNT(CustomerID) > 5;

FROM Customers
GROUP BY Country
HAVING COUNT(CustomerID) > 5
ORDER BY COUNT(CustomerID) DESC;
Example
SELECT Employees.LastName, COUNT(Orders.OrderID) AS NumberOfOr
ders
FROM (Orders
INNER JOIN Employees ON Orders.EmployeeID =
Employees.EmployeeID)
GROUP BY LastName
HAVING COUNT(Orders.OrderID) > 10;

SQL - Aggregare - Functions - GroupBy - Having

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SQL - Aggregare - Functions - GroupBy - Having

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Aggregate Functions in SQL

• SELECT MIN(Price) AS SmallestPrice

• SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT Title) FROM HumanResources.Employee;

• SELECT SUM(DISTINCT Quantity)

• SELECT * FROM Customers

• SELECT * FROM Customers

• SELECT DeptId, COUNT(EmpId) as 'Number of Employees' FROM

• SELECT dept.Name, sum(emp.salary) as 'Total Salaries' FROM

• SELECT COUNT(CustomerID), Country

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