wch16 01 Rms 20230302

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Mark Scheme (Results)

January 2023

Pearson Edexcel International Advanced Level


in Chemistry (WCH16)
Paper 01 Practical Skills in Chemistry II
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January 2023
Question Paper Log Number P71889A
Publications Code WCH16_01_2301_MS
All the material in this publication is copyright
© Pearson Education Ltd 2023
Using the mark scheme

Examiners should look for qualities to reward rather than faults to penalise. This does NOT
mean giving credit for incorrect or inadequate answers, but it does mean allowing candidates
to be rewarded for answers showing correct application of principles and knowledge.
Examiners should therefore read carefully and consider every response: even if it is not what
is expected it may be worthy of credit.

The mark scheme gives examiners:


 an idea of the types of response expected
 how individual marks are to be awarded
 the total mark for each question
 examples of responses that should NOT receive credit.

/ means that the responses are alternatives and either answer should receive full credit. ( )
means that a phrase/word is not essential for the award of the mark, but helps the examiner
to get the sense of the expected answer.

Phrases/words in bold indicate that the meaning of the phrase or the actual word is essential
to the answer. ecf/TE/cq (error carried forward) means that a wrong answer given in an earlier
part of a question is used correctly in answer to a later part of the same question.

Candidates must make their meaning clear to the examiner to gain the mark. Make sure that
the answer makes sense. Do not give credit for correct words/phrases which are put together
in a meaningless manner. Answers must be in the correct context.
Question Answer Additional Guidance Mark
Number
1(a) An answer that makes reference to the following points: (2)

 one correct ion (1) [Cr(H2O)6]3+ / Cr3+((aq))

 two more correct ions (1) [Fe(H2O)6]2+ / Fe2+ ((aq))

[Ni(H2O)6]2+ / Ni2+ ((aq))

[V(H2O)6]3+ / V3+ ((aq))

Allow complex formulae without square brackets


Ignore incorrect numbers of water ligands
If names are given as well they must be correct
Do not award [Cr(H2O)6]2+ / Cr2+

Question Answer Additional Guidance Mark


Number
1(b)(i) (1)

 Fe(OH)2 / Fe(H2O)4(OH)2 Allow [Fe(H2O)4(OH)2]


Allow Fe(OH)2.4H2O
Allow ligands in either order
Allow iron(II) hydroxide
If the name is given as well it must be correct
Ignore state symbols, even if incorrect
Do not award Fe2+
Question Answer Additional Guidance Mark
Number
1(b)(ii) (1)
3−
 [Cr(OH)6] 3− Allow Cr(OH)6

Question Answer Additional Guidance Mark


Number
1(c)(i) (1)
 redox / oxidation Do not award just reduction

Question Answer Additional Guidance Mark


Number
1(c)(ii) (1)
 Cr2O72− / dichromate(VI) / dichromate Do not award potassium / sodium dichromate((VI))
/ K2Cr2O7 / Na2Cr2O7
If the oxidation numbers are given they must be
correct

Question Answer Additional Guidance Mark


Number
1(c)(iii) (1)
 (wear/use) gloves (1) Allow safety / protective gloves
Ignore additional precautions such as the use of
tongs, carrying out the reaction on a small scale,
prevent contact with the skin
Ignore nitrile
Ignore dilute the acid
Question Answer Additional Guidance Mark
Number
1(c)(iv) A description that makes reference to the following Marks may be scored by a drawing of the hazard (2)
points: symbol
No mention need be made of the red border or the
overall shape of the sign

 two test tube with drops coming from them (1) Allow any container e.g. beaker, round bottomed
flask

 a hand and a piece of metal / wood / description of The piece of metal / wood could be described in
the rectangle with bits missing many ways
(1)

If no other mark awarded one test tube, with drops,


and either a hand or block scores (1)

Question Answer Additional Guidance Mark


Number
1(d)(i) An answer that makes reference to the following points: (1)
Allow chlorine ion and bromine ion
 chloride (ion) / Cl‒ Allow in either order
and Ignore state symbols
bromide (ion) / Br‒ Do not award just chlorine / bromine
Do not award iodide / I‒
Do not award iodine
Do not award HCl / HCl‒ / HBr / HBr‒
Question Answer Additional Guidance Mark
Number
1(d)(ii) An answer that makes reference to the following points: Penalise use of just chloride / bromide once only (2)
Penalise the omission of dilute in M1 only
Any reagent other than ammonia will not score

 silver chloride is soluble in dilute ammonia (1) Allow precipitate with chloride is soluble in dilute
ammonia

Do not award just chlorine

 silver bromide is insoluble in dilute ammonia Allow precipitate with bromide is insoluble in
OR dilute ammonia
silver bromide is soluble in concentrated ammonia (1) Allow sparingly soluble for insoluble

Do not award just bromine

Ignore reference to colours of precipitate even if


incorrect
Question Answer Additional Guidance Mark
Number
1(d)(iii) An explanation that makes reference to the following Ignore the ammonia will react with nitric acid in the (2)
points: solution

 because a green precipitate is formed (1) Allow brown precipitate / ppt / ppte / solid
Allow just ‘formation of a green precipitate’
Allow just ‘Fe2+ (ions) form a precipitate’
Allow Fe(OH)2 / iron(II) hydroxide /
Fe(H2O)4(OH)2 is formed
Ignore incorrect formulae including incorrect metal
ions, e.g. Chromium complexes

 which does not redissolve in excess ammonia Allow TE on a different coloured precipitate (e.g.
white)
OR Allow more than one precipitates makes it hard to
see dissolving / identify the anion
and so the dissolving / behaviour of the silver
halide precipitate is obscured (1) Ignore just ‘interfere with the result’
Answer must include a comment regarding
dissolving or behaviour of the precipitate, not just
‘make it hard to investigate’ or ‘the results are not
clear’

(Total for Question 1 = 14 marks)


Question Answer Additional Guidance Mark
Number
2(a)(i) An answer that makes reference to the following point: (1)

 yellow to orange Do not award yellow to red

Question Answer Additional Guidance Mark


Number
2(a)(ii) An explanation that makes reference to the following (2)
points:

 because propanone does not completely stop the Ignore reference to temperature
reaction / the reaction continues (but at a slower
rate) (1)

 the volume of hydrochloric acid will reduce / will


decrease / be smaller (1) Allow no change because propanone stops the
reaction for 1 mark
Question Answer Additional Guidance Mark
Number
2(a)(iii) An explanation that makes reference to the following Marks are stand alone (2)
points:

 ethanol is a co-solvent / dissolves the 2-chloro-2- (1) Allow 2-chloro-2-methylpropane is immiscible with
methylpropane and the sodium hydroxide / water
dissolves both reagents Ignore just ‘ethanol is a solvent’

 so the use of ethanol allows the reactants to mix Do not award ethanol acts as a catalyst
together (and more collisions to occur) Do not award ethanol provides OH‒ ions

Or

so the reactants can only meet at the junction Ignore all reference to intermolecular forces /
between the layers / cannot mix together in the hydrogen bonds
same solution (and fewer collisions occur) (1) Ignore answers related to increasing rate without
justification in terms of improved mixing
Question Answer Additional Guidance Mark
Number
2(b)(i) Example of graph (2)
Clip all
of 2(b)
30

(1)
ADD LABELS 25

20
(1)
15

10

0
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500

Allow axes with the x axis starting at 50 and the y axis at 5.


 7 points plotted to within ½
square on a graph with
sensible scale covering at
least 50% in both directions

 curved line of best fit should


Should be within a small square of each point if plotted correctly
pass through or very close to
all points
Question Answer Additional Guidance Mark
Number
2(b)(ii) An answer that makes reference to the following points Allow one number if the graphs show the half-life (2)
Clip all would be the same.
of 2(b)

 determination of first half-life from the graph 1750 s


either by extrapolation to 0s or by use of points on Allow a value in the range 1650 to 1850(s)
the curve (1) NOTE: Accept any value in this range on a
reasonable curve on the graph regardless of method
Consequential on the graph

 determination of second half-life from the graph (1) 3500 – 1750 = 1750 s
Allow any value in the range 1650 to 1850
Consequential on the graph

Correct answers with no working on the graph


scores 1.

Values may be shown on the graph


Question Answer Additional Guidance Mark
Number
2(b)(iii) An answer that makes the following point: (1)
Clip all
of 2(b)
 the reaction is first order because the half-lives are Allow a difference in half-lives of ± 150s as similar
the same / similar If the second half-life is roughly double the first
(± 150s and in the range 3350 to 3650 s) allow the
reaction is first order because half-lives are similar /
the same

(Total for Question 2 = 10 marks)


Question Answer Additional Guidance Mark
Number
3(a)(i) An answer that makes reference to the following point: (1)

 (if the mixture was not acidified) manganate(VII) Ignore manganate(VII) ions cannot be reduced
ions would only be partially reduced Allow will form MnO42-

OR

(if the mixture was not acidified brown) MnO2 /


brown precipitate would be formed

Question Answer Additional Guidance Mark


Number
3(a)(ii) An answer that makes reference to the following points: (2)

 hydrochloric acid / Cl‒ (ions) would be oxidised (1) Allow reacts (with manganate(VII) (ions)) to from
by manganate(VII) (ions) chlorine

 nitric acid would oxidise iron(II) (ions to iron(III)


ions) / would be reduced by the iron(II) (ions) (1)
If no other mark is awarded allow HCl will react
with manganate(VII) (ion) and HNO3 will react
with iron(II) (ions) scores (1)

Ignore comments which do not link the acid to what


they would react with such as ‘these acids could
react with Fe2+’
Question Answer Additional Guidance Mark
Number
3(b) Example of calculation (4)

 calculation of moles of KMnO4 (1) 40.35 × 0.0200 = 0.000807 / 8.07 × 10−4 (mol)
1000

 calculation of moles of Fe2+ (1) 0.000807 × 5 = 0.004035 / 4.035 × 10−3 (mol)

 calculation of mass of Fe2+ (1) 0.004035 × 55.8 = 0.22515 / 0.225 (g)

 calculation of percentage by mass (1) 0.225 × 100 = 5.0034 / 5.00 (%)


4.50

Ignore SF throughout
Final answer with some working scores (4)
Question Answer Additional Guidance Mark
Number
3(c) An answer that makes reference to three of the following Ignore additional practical points even if (3)
points: incorrect

 add (potassium manganate(VII)) drop by drop


(close to the end-point) (1)

 swirl / shake / stir the conical flask Allow any shake etc. continuous or occasional
or e.g near the end-point, or once the first
mix the reagents in the conical flask (1) permanent pink is seen.

 place a white tile (underneath the conical flask to


help see the colour change) (1)

 place paper / card behind the burette (to help read


the volume of solution in the burette) (1) Allow any use of white background (e.g. white
walls)
 rinse the conical flask / the tip of the burette with
deionised water (to wash in all reactants) (1)

(Total for Question 3 = 10 marks)


Question Answer Additional Guidance Mark
Number
4(a) An answer that makes reference to the following points: (2)

 (heating is required) to increase the rate of the Allow to give complete reaction
reaction / Ignore comments about yield without link to
complete reaction
or Ignore without heat the reaction cannot happen
(without heating) the reaction is too slow /
does not have a reasonable rate (1)

 (a condenser is used to) prevent the escape of Allow gaseous


(volatile / low boiling / flammable) compounds (1) Allow other specific hazards e.g toxic
Allow prevent the evaporation of
Allow reactants / products / any single reactant /
any single product / mixture / chemicals / solvent
instead of compounds
Ignore so the solutions / reactions does not come
out of the flask / spill / leak
Ignore to prevent burning unless linked to loss of
flammable substances
Question Answer Additional Guidance Mark
Number
4 (b) An explanation that makes reference to the following (2)
points:

 because the reaction between ethanoyl chloride (1) Allow the reaction is (very) exothermic
and water is vigorous Allow the reaction is violent
Allow dissolving of HCl is (very) exothermic

 this prevents rapid evolution of (toxic) HCl gas / Allow this prevents rapid / uncontrolled production
loss of volatile substances (1) of bubbles / effervescence
Ignore to avoid spitting
Ignore causing an explosion
Ignore cracking of glassware
Question Answer Additional Guidance Mark
Number
4(c) Example of diagram (3)

filter paper

to pump

 Büchner flask with a side arm connected to a pump or aspirator should be shown and labelled or
labelled pump / aspirator (1) the connecting tube labelled (as above).
Allow an arrow labelled ‘pump’ or ‘to vacuum
pump’ pointing either way
Allow vacuum
No label required for flask
Do not award other glassware e.g. round-bottomed
flask with side arm attached
 Büchner funnel with porous base (1)

 labelled flat filter paper Allow just ‘filter’ or just ‘paper’?


and
apparatus which is sealed except for (the pump
and) the funnel (1)
Question Answer Additional Guidance Mark
Number
4(d)(i) Example of diagram (2)

Allow a description of a capillary tube, e.g. thin


bore glass tube
 crystals in a labelled capillary tube sealed at one Allow an unlabelled tube that is up to a similar
end (1) diameter to the thermometer
Allow ‘melting point tube’
Allow tube
Do not award test tube

Allow the crystals at the same height as the


thermometer bulb.
 tube (strapped to) labelled thermometer with the Allow thermometer and capillary tube with sample
crystals at the bulb in a boiling tube or Thiele tube in a piece of apparatus labelled as melting point
containing oil / a liquid with level at the top of or apparatus
above the sample but below the top of the capillary Allow any heating bath
tube (1) Allow water as the liquid
Allow any suitable container (e.g beaker) for the oil
Do not award equipment which will not hold the
mineral oil
Question Answer Additional Guidance Mark
Number
4(d)(ii) An answer that makes reference to the following points: Allow arguments about melting point of impure (2)
samples
References to only boiling temperature score 0.
 it’s pure if the melting temperature range is narrow
/ sharp (1)

 the melting temperature (range) should match the Allow ‘close to the book value’
melting temperature of the compound in a table of (1) Allow melting temperature is the same as a pure
data sample
Question Answer Additional Guidance Mark
Number
4(e) Example of calculation (2)
Either
 calculation of number of moles 5.00 = 0.0365 / 0.036496 / 3.65 × 10‒2 / 3.6496 × 10‒2 / 0.036
of 2-aminobenzoic acid (1) 137 (mol) (ans 1)

Do not award 0.037 (mol)

 calculation of number of moles 10 x 1.1 = 0.140 / 0.14013 (mol) (ans 2)


of ethanoyl chloride 78.5

Or

 calculation of number of moles


of 2-aminobenzoic acid (1) 5.00 = (0.0365 / 0.036496 / 3.65 × 10‒2 / 3.6496 × 10‒2 / 0.036)
137 (mol) (ans 1)

 calculation of required volume


of ethanoyl chloride (0.0365 x 78.5) ÷ 1.1 = 2.6048 / 2.60 cm3
N.B. Using this method it is not necessary to see the value for moles of
2-aminobenzoic acid since the final comparison is in volume, not
moles.

Ignore any statement relating to the excess

Ignore SF except 1 SF
Question Answer Additional Guidance Mark
Number
4(f) Example of calculation (3)
M1 is stand alone. Other methods may be possible.

 calculation of Mr of 2- (12 × 9) + (1 × 9) + 14 + (16 × 3) = 179 (g mol‒1)


ethanoylaminobenzoic acid (1) OR
137 + 78.5 – 36.5 = 179 (ans 1)
Either
 calculation moles of ((4(e)(ans 1)) × 56.7) ÷ 100 = (0.0365 × 56.7) ÷ 100
2-ethanoylaminobenzoic acid
obtained (1) = 0.0207 / 0.020693 / 2.07 × 10‒2 / 2.0693 × 10‒2 (mol) (ans 2)

 calculation of mass of (ans 1) × (ans 2) = 0.0207 × 179 = 3.7041 (g)


2-ethanoylaminobenzoic acid (1)
Or
 calculation of maximum mass of 179 × (4(e)(ans 1)) = 179 × 0.0365 = 6.5335 (g) (ans 3)
2-ethanoylaminobenzoic acid (1)

 calculation of actual mass obtained (1) 56.7 × (ans 3) ÷ 100 = 56.7 × 6.5335 ÷ 100 = 3.7045 / 3.70 (g)

If the moles of ethanoyl chloride is used instead of 2-aminobenzoic


acid this gives a final mass of 14.2g scores 2
Correct answer with some working scores 3
Allow TE throughout including on answer to 4(e)
Ignore SF except 1 SF
(Total for Question 4 = 16 marks)
Total for Paper = 50 marks)
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