INSTRUMENT OPERATING MANUAL

CBL PROCESSING FOR DAC, DAL & MAC

Note
This instrument operating manual is no longer part of the four-volume
ECLIPS Instrument Operating Guide, but rather stands alone. The revision
control is as shown below.

NOTE: Edit marks in the Table of Contents indicate that changes have occurred within the
marked section. See the last page of this document for the revision history.
Copyright © 1995 Baker Hughes Incorporated. Baker Atlas Proprietary Notice: Information contained in this document is
CONFIDENTIAL and PROPRIETARY and is made available to Baker Atlas personnel on a confidential basis. This document is an
unpublished work and includes valuable trade secrets of Baker Atlas. Baker Atlas retains all rights under the copyright laws and trade
secret laws of the United States of America and other countries. The sole purpose of this material is to provide adequately detailed
documentation as to the operation and interpretation of related equipment. The use of the document or the material contained herein
for all other purposes, or the disclosure to third parties, is specifically PROHIBITED without prior WRITTEN PERMISSION of Baker
Atlas, a division of Baker Hughes, Inc. This document shall be returned to Baker Atlas upon demand.
Revision: Signatures are not required on documents printed from PDF files.
28 February 1995 Steve Sehnert – Manager, OPD Joe Koudelka – Manager, Wireline Support
 ECLIPS INSTRUMENT OPERATING MANUAL
CBL PROCESSING FOR DAC, DAL & MAC

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Table of Contents

1.0 PURPOSE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

2.0 PROCESSING OVERVIEW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

3.0 LOGGING PROCEDURE OVERVIEW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

4.0 SETUP AND CALIBRATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

4.1 WAVE WINDOW SETUP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
4.1.1 Fixed Gate Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
4.1.2 Floating Gate Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
4.2 AMPLITUDE AND PPT NORMALIZATION . . . . . . . . . . 8
4.3 AMPLITUDE FILTER SELECTION . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

5.0 STANDARD PRESENTATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

5.1 HEADING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
5.2 TOOL DIAGRAM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
5.3 LOG PRESENTATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

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CBL PROCESSING For DAC, DAL, & MAC

1.0 PURPOSE

The ability to provide qualitative (primarily top of cement)

cement bonding information in the same run as acquiring open
hole acoustic data is available for the DAC, DAL and MAC
when using the ECLIPS acquisition system. The DAC and DAL
have three and five foot spaced transmitter receiver
spacings which will provide good qualitative results. The
shortest transmitter receiver spacing (T2R1) available on
the MAC is eight feet, which makes it very difficult to
obtain good qualitative amplitude data.

The primary objective of adding this surface processing to

the DAC, DAL, and MAC is to provide a mechanism whereby
ECLIPS can generate qualitative cement bonding information
for the operating company. The operating company can then
determine if the intermediate or surface casing has
sufficient cement to meet the requirements to continue with
the next stage of the drilling operation (i.e. setting
another string of casing or liner). If the operating
company requires quantitative information, the SBT or BAL
should be used to obtain the data.

2.0 PROCESSING OVERVIEW

The CBL processing used for the DAC (Subset 7) and DAL
(Subset 5) utilizes the three and five foot spaced
transmitter receiver spacings to acquire waveforms. The
waveforms have the AGC gain removed on the surface, then
fixed and floating gates are used to pick a first arrival
and measure the amplitude of that arrival. The maximum
amplitude in an interval of free pipe is set to represent
100 for the amplitudes from the fixed and floating gates for
the three and five foot spaced waveforms. As the amplitudes
decrease, the fixed and floating gate amplitudes should
overlay until the floating gate begins picking on a later
arrival, which should occur below amplitude values less than
10 if the threshold values are set properly. Filtering
applied to the amplitude curves can be specified by the
engineer and is reported in the parameter report. The
presentation provided to the customer consists of the three
foot first arrival time, fixed and floating gate amplitudes,
and the five foot waveform presented as VDL or a wiggle plot
(sig).

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2.0 PROCESSING OVERVIEW cont'd

CBL processing for the MAC is performed only on the near

waveform (T2R1) from subsets 5 (2 & 4 spf) and 6. The
waveform has the gain removed on the surface, then fixed and
floating gates are used to pick a first arrival and measure
the amplitude of that arrival. The "calibration" and setup
methods are the same as those for DAC and DAL except only
one waveform is being processed. Testing has shown that it
is quite difficult to obtain good amplitude data from the
eight foot spaced waveform. Therefore, it is advisable to
only use this amplitude measurement to locate the top of
cement.

3.0 LOGGING PROCEDURE OVERVIEW

The procedure used to setup and acquire the data is very

similar to the procedure used to acquire data using a 1415
or 1417 CBL tool via CLS (D008 Software). First, a free
pipe interval is required to determine the maximum amplitude
value in free pipe. The fixed gate window start and length,
and threshold factor should be set for each transmitter
receiver pair. Approximately 200 feet of data should be
acquired over the "calibration" interval before and after
acquiring the log data to verify that the amplitude has not
been affected by an induced DC offset or noise on the
waveforms. The flow chart in Figure 1 summarizes the
recommended logging procedure.

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3.0 LOGGING PROCEDURE OVERVIEW cont'd

Figure 1 Logging Procedure Flowchart

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4.0 SETUP AND CALIBRATION

The calibration of the amplitude curve and setup of the

thresholds and fixed gates should be performed in the
deepest interval of free pipe. With the availability of
multiple instances of the acquisition system and RDRs, it is
not imperative that the "calibration" and setup be performed
prior to acquiring the data in WTS mode, but a file must be
recorded (in the up direction) over the Free Pipe interval
to setup in the RDR mode. All setup and "calibration"
procedures can be performed either real time or in the RDR
mode. Approximately 200 feet of data should be recorded in
an interval of free pipe before and after the log and
included on the field print.

Once the free pipe interval is located, the engineer can use
the CBL wave window (dac_cbl.wave, dal_cbl.wave, or
mac_cbl.wave) and show window (dac_cbl.show, dal_cbl.show,
or mac_cbl.show) to assist in calibrating the amplitude,
setting the fixed gate window start and length, and the
first arrival threshold factor and minimum. The threshold
factor may require some adjustment during the log if the
floating gate first arrival (sfa) is picking on a later
arrival before the amplitude values are below 10. If the
threshold factor is adjusted while acquiring the data, the
RDR should be redriven using the final threshold value.

Figures 2, 3, and 4 demonstrate the parameter, show, and

wave windows used to setup the DAL tool for acquiring CBL
data. Each window will be described in more detail in the
following sections.

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4.0 SETUP AND CALIBRATION cont'd

Figure 3 DAL CBL

Figure 2 DAL CBL Wave Window

Figure 4 General Processing Parameters Window

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4.1 WAVE WINDOW SETUP

The wave window (dac_cbl.wave, dal_cbl.wave, or

mac_cbl.wave) should be referenced when setting the fixed
gate window start and length, and setting the threshold
factor and minimum. The values for the respective
parameters must be entered in the General Processing
Parameters window before the parameters will be set in
the acquisition system. The wave window shown in
Figure 2 demonstrates the appearance of the wave window
after the fixed gate and threshold has been setup.

4.1.1 Fixed Gate Setup

The fixed gate should be setup in a section of free

pipe where the first arrival has the largest amplitude.
The Fixed Window Pick Parameters for the three and five
foot waveforms can be set using the slide bars or by
pressing the respective Fixed Window Pick button to
produce the dialog boxes shown in Figure 5.

Figure 5 Fixed Window Pick Parameters

The Fixed Window Length parameter specifies the length

of the fixed gate window and should be limited to one
cycle such that the fixed gate pick cannot be obtained
from a later arrival and the fixed gate amplitude is
always measured on the first negative peak. If the
casing size changes, the fixed gate parameters will
also require changing to ensure that the first arrival
is within the gate.

4.1.2 Floating Gate Setup

The floating gate window should be setup over the span

of the compressional portion of the waveform in the
free pipe interval.

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4.1.1 Floating Gate Setup

The First Arrival Pick Parameters for the three and

five foot waveforms can be set using the slide bars or
by pressing the respective First Arrival Pick button to
produce the dialog boxes shown in Figure 6.

Figure 6 First Arrival Pick Parameters

The threshold parameters are used by the acquisition

system to determine whether or not a pick can be made
within the floating gate window. A threshold minimum
value and threshold factor are used to determine the
value of the threshold for a particular sample. A pick
is made on the first arrival whose peak is greater than
the threshold determined from the current threshold
factor and minimum. If the threshold minimum is set
higher than the threshold computed from the threshold
factor, a pick will not be made until the peak is above
the threshold minimum.
Threshold factor is multiplied by the amplitude
measured from the previous floating gate pick to
determine the threshold value to use when locating the
first arrival. For example, if the threshold factor is
0.3 and the amplitude from the previous pick is -200,
the threshold value used to determine if a peak can be
selected as the first arrival is -60. In general a
threshold factor of 0.3 should be a good starting
point, but this value is also dependent upon the length
of the floating gate window.
While acquiring data, the floating gate amplitude (amp)
and fixed gate amplitude (fga) curves should be
monitored to ensure that they do not separate until the
values are below 10. If the curves are separating
before the values are below 10, the threshold factor
and minimum should be modified to lower the amplitude
threshold (usually lowering the threshold factor is
sufficient).

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CBL PROCESSING For DAC, DAL, & MAC

4.2 AMPLITUDE AND PPT NORMALIZATION

Once the wave window is setup properly as shown in

Figure 2, the amplitude curves can be calibrated and the
predicted pipe times can be entered (in the PPT entries
in the General Processing Parameters) by reading the
values from the CBL show window shown in Figure 3.

The amplitude calibration is simply a normalization that

sets the amplitude in free pipe equal to a value of 100
to indicate free pipe. As cement bonding increases, the
amplitude values will decrease, but the values will not
directly represent the percent of bonding. The amplitude
value is intended to provide qualitative information and
should not be interpreted as a quantitative measurement.
Amplitudes are presented in negative A/D units because
the amplitudes and first arrivals are measured on the
downgoing portion of the waveforms.

Entering the minimum value of the fgaXX.X1 and ampXX.X1

as the MAX OBSERVED AMP will set the corresponding fgaXX
and ampXX curves to the TARGET AMPLITUDE value (100)
which can be modified by the user if required. Comparing
the values of MAX OBSERVED AMP in Figure 4 with the
values for fgaXX.X1 and ampXX.X1 in Figure 3 will help
clarify how the required values are obtained. Also note
that the TARGET AMPLITUDE value is equal to the value of
ampXX and fgaXX when the values of ampXX.X1 and fgaXX.X1
are equal to the MAX OBSERVED AMP value entered for the
respective transmitter receiver pair.

Setting the value of the PREDICTED PIPE TIME (PPT) for

the respective transmitter receiver pair is done by
reading the sfaXX value from the CBL show window when the
wave window is setup properly as shown in Figures 2, 3,
4, and entering the value as the PPT for the respective
transmitter receiver pair.

Table I on the next page shows listings of the parameters

and associated curves for the DAC and DAL.

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4.2 AMPLITUDE AND PPT NORMALIZATION cont'd

Table I Parameters and Associated CurveName for DAC and DAL

Parameter DAC DAL

PREDICTED PIPE TIME PPT (3 ft.) sfa213 in free pipe sfa21 in free pipe
ppt21 output curve ppt11 output curve

PREDICTED PIPE TIME PPT (5 ft.) sfa113 in free pipe sfa11 in free pipe
ppt11 output curve ppt11 output curve

FIXED TARGET AMPLITUDE (3 ft.) fga2 fga21.b

FIXED MAX OBSERVED AMP (3 ft.) fga2.1 fga21.b1

FIXED TARGET AMPLITUDE (5 ft.) fga1 fga11.b

FIXED MAX OBSERVED AMP (5 ft.) fga1.1 fga11.b1

FLOATING TARGET AMPLITUDE (3 ft.) amp213 amp21.b

FLOATING MAX OBSERVED AMP (3 ft.) amp213.1 amp21.b1

FLOATING TARGET AMPLITUDE (5 ft.) amp113 amp11.b

FLOATING MAX OBSERVED AMP (5 ft.) amp113.1 amp11.b1

Table II shows the parameters and associated curves for MAC.

Table II Parameter and Associated CurveName for MAC

Parameter Subset 5 Subset 5 Subset 6

2spf 4spf
PREDICTED PIPE TIME sfa21.a sfa21.b sfa21
ppt.a ppt.b ppt

FIXED TARGET AMPLITUDE fga2.a fga2.b fga2

FIXED MAX OBSERVED AMP fga2.a1 fga2.b1 fga2.1

FLOATING TARGET AMPLITUDE amp21.e amp21.f amp21

FLOATING MAX OBSERVED AMP amp21.e1 amp21.f1 amp21.1

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4.3 AMPLITUDE FILTER SELECTION

Before recording data, the user should set the

appropriate filter level for the amplitude curves. The
filter level is set via the FILTER STATUS window by
selecting from one of the appropriate filter levels as
shown in Figure 7. The default filter level is no filter
(0) and the filter level used to record the log will be
displayed in the parameter section of the log.

Figure 7 Filter Status Window

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5.0 STANDARD PRESENTATIONS

The standard field print to deliver to a customer should

contain a heading, main log presentation, repeat section,
free pipe section before log (over setup interval), free
pipe section after log (same interval as before log),
instrument configuration diagram, and a calibration and
verification summary for the gamma ray tool.

5.1 HEADING

The heading should be a cased hole heading with all

available borehole, casing, and cement information
included. Borehole deviation throughout the logged
interval should be indicated in the Remarks Section of
the heading.

5.2 TOOL DIAGRAM

The instrument configuration diagram should depict the

configuration of the entire tool string. All tools,
centralizers, and standoffs included in the tool string
while acquiring the data must be presented in the
instrument configuration diagram. Knowing the position
of the acoustic tool is vital when interpreting CBL data.

5.3 LOG PRESENTATIONS

The same log presentation should be used to present the

free pipe sections before and after log, repeat section
and main log. Standard presentations are provided for
the DAC, DAL, and MAC to display the waveform as VDL or a
wiggle plot. The DAC and DAL presentations display the
five foot spaced waveform with the floating and fixed
gate amplitudes, floating gate first arrival and
predicted pipe time from the three foot spaced waveform
as shown on Figures 10 and 11.

The standard presentations for the DAC, DAL and MAC are
listed with the layout depicted in Figure 8.

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5.3 LOG PRESENTATIONS cont'd

P-Track R0-R10 R10-R20

gr, kth, ampXX, fgaXX sngXX

spd, ten (3 ft.) (5 ft.)
trmttXX (3ft) VDL or Wiggle
pptXX (3ft)

ccl ccl

Figure 8 Standard CBL Presentation for DAC, DAL and MAC

• dac_cbl_sig_std.log
• dac_cbl_vdl_std.log
• dal_cbl_sig_std.log
• dal_cbl_vdl_std.log
• mac_cbl_sig_std.log
• mac_cbl_vdl_std.log

Additional presentations are available for the DAC and

DAL to provide the engineer with quality control
presentations for each transmitter-receiver pair. These
presentations present the amplitudes, floating gate first
arrival, predicted pipe time and waveform with the
floating first arrival for each waveform spacing as shown
in Figure 9.

P-Track R0-R10 R10-R20

gr, kth, ampXX, fgaXX sngXX

spd, ten trmttXX
trmttXX VDL or Wiggle
pptXX

ccl ccl

Figure 9 Additional CBL Presentation for DAC and DAL

• dac_cbl_ing3.crvs
• dac_cbl_ing5.crvs
• dal_cbl_ing3.crvs
• dal_cbl_sng3.crvs
• dal_cbl_ing5.crvs
• dal_cbl_sng5.crvs

NOTE: The trmttxx curves are plotted, instead of the sfaxx

curves, because the sfaxx curves are not on depth with the
trmwvxx waveforms and the trmttxx curves are depth
corrected.

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Figures 10 and 11 are examples of the standard VDL and

Signature presentations.

Figure 10 Standard VDL CBL Presentation

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Figure 11 Standard CBL Wiggle Presentation

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 Document Revision History

Revision Purpose
May 2009 Initial release as a stand-alone document; it was formerly part of the
ECLIPS Instrument Operating Guide.

28 February 1995 Last revision of the CBL Processing document as part of Volume 2 of
the ECLIPS Instrument Operating Guide.