09 - Heat Capacity
09 - Heat Capacity
09 - Heat Capacity
Chapter 6.3
What are we going to cover today?
• Thermal energy
• the total kinetic and potential energy of the particles within an
object
• Temperature
• the average kinetic energy of a substances’ particles
• high temperature means more kinetic energy
• Kelvin scale
• alternate unit of measurement for temperature
• Unit (K): Convert from °C to K by adding 273
• Absolute zero
• lowest temperature theoretically possible (0 K)
• can’t be reached on earth
• Heat
• energy transferred from a warmer object to a cooler object
Specific Heat Capacity
transfer of thermal energy from one body to another
causes a change of temperature or change of state (or both)
different substances require different amounts of energy to
increase the temperature of a give mass of the substance
Specific Heat Capacity (c)
the amount of thermal energy (J) needed to raise the
temperature of 1kg of a substance by 1°C or 1K
measured in J/kg°C
represents how much thermal energy is released when a
substance cools down by 1°C
Table 7.1 on page 213 has the specific
heat capacities of some common
substances
Heat
total amount of thermal energy transferred from a warmer
substance to a colder substance is the quantity of heat (Q)
Required:
Q
The Principle of Heat Exchange
when thermal energy is transferred from one object to
another, the amount of thermal energy lost by the warmer
object is equal to the amount of thermal energy gained by the
colder object
This is the Law of Conservation of Energy
Qlost +Qgained = 0
• Q lost is the amount of thermal energy lost (by the warmer object; measured in J)
• Q gained is the amount of thermal energy gained (by the colder object; measured in J)
Qlost +Qgained = 0
Qgained = - Qlost
mh 0.36kg
Thermal Expansion and Contraction
as a substance absorbs thermal energy, some of the energy is
transformed into kinetic energy
particles spread out and increase in volume (Thermal Expansion)
when substances cool down, their particles release kinetic energy to the
surroundings and substance decreases in volume
called Thermal Contraction
Homework
Nelson Physics 11 Textbook: Read 6.3 P281-287 do P287 #1-8