Acid Bases and Salt
Acid Bases and Salt
Acid Bases and Salt
Acids
• The substances which taste sour contain acids in them.
• Some of the acids are naturally occurring acids e.g. lemon juice,
orange juice, vinegar, curd, tamarind etc.
Sources of Acids
Source Acid
• Acids like hydrochloric acid, sulphuric acid and nitric acid are inorganic
acids or mineral acids.
• Soaps and fats in our body contain acids which are called fatty acids.
Bases
• The substances which are bitter in taste and are soapy to touch
contain bases in them.
• Sodium hydroxide
Indicators
• Special types of substances are used to test whether a substance is
acidic or basic. These substances are known as indicators.
Natural Indicators
1. Litmus:
3. Turmeric:
4. Red Cabbage:
Synthetic Indicators
• Some chemical compounds which are prepared in laboratory can also
be used as indicators to identify bases and acids.
• Methyl orange turns red in acidic solution and yellow in basic solution.
Neutralisation
• When an acid and a base are mixed, they react and form a new
compound called salt.
Importance of Neutralisation
1. Treatment of Acidity and Indigestion
➢ To neutralize the acidity of the soil some bases like slaked lime
means calcium hydroxide or quick lime means calcium oxide is
added to the soil.
➢ The sting of an ant contains formic acid which causes pain and
inflammation
➢ To get relief from ant sting the acid is neutralize by bases like
sodium bicarbonate (baking soda) or zinc carbonate(calamine
solution).
Uses of Salts
• Sodium chloride (common salt) is an important part of our food. It is
used as a preservative in making soaps and preparing many
chemicals.
• The acid which has small number of hydrogen ions (H+) are called
weak acids. E.g. acetic acid, carbonic acid etc.
The base which has small number of hydroxide ions (OH-) are called
weak bases. E.g. zinc hydroxide, ammonium hydroxide etc.
CONCEPT MAP