Electrical Steels

Sustainability and efficiency

Aperam is Latin America’s
exclusive producer of non-
oriented electrical steels
(NOES) and high permeability
grain oriented electrical steels
(GOES).

The combination of silicon in

the chemical composition of
these steels and the strict
process control at all stages of
production result in optimized
magnetic properties, which
ensures higher electrical
equipment efficiency and
energy savings.
From the forests of Minas
Gerais to you

The concept of Green Steel refers to the

quality of steel, bearing in mind the principles
of sustainability. Thanks to the production
chain of Aperam BioEnergia, recognized by
Forest Stewardship Council®’s (FSC®), Aperam
South America has been certified as the only
world steel producer using 100% charcoal,
from renewable eucalyptus forests.

Green Steel raises the standards of Aperam’s

final product to the level always targeted
by the Company, which is to ensure that
responsibility and commitment to the
environment and future generations are
maintained in its processes.
The different
types of Aperam’s
electrical steels

Non-oriented electrical
Steel (NOES)
Thanks to its versatility, Non-oriented
electrical Steel (NOES) can be found
in generators and electric motors
cores, ballasts, electricity meters,
motors for hermetic compressors
used in refrigerators, freezers and air
conditioning units.

Aperam’s NOES electrical steel

offers excellent permeability and
low magnetic losses. All of our Non-
oriented electrical steel products are
fully processed and cover the most
varied classes as required by the
market.

This steel has guaranteed values of

magnetic permeability ​​higher than
those from International Standards.
Thus, to reach a certain level of
magnetic induction, it requires a lower
magnetizing current. This means that
copper or aluminum windings can be
decreased, reducing the total cost of
the electrical equipment.
Table 1 - Guaranteed characteristics of standard NOES steels
Guaranteed Characteristics
Maximum Core Loss at* Minimum Magnetic
Product Minimum
(W/kg) Induction at (T) Assumed Silicon Minimum
Thickness Stacking
1.0 T 1.5 T Density Content Bending
(mm) 2500 5000 10000 Factor
Reference Aperam (g/cm³) (%) Index
A/m A/m A/m (%)
50 Hz 60 Hz 50 Hz 60 Hz

M600-65A E230-8 2.60 3.25 6.00 7.71 10

M530-65A E185-4 2.30 3.00 5.30 6.84

0.65 1.60 1.70 1.80 7.75 2.0 97.0 5
M470-65A E170-6 2.00 2.50 4.70 6.13

M400-65A E157-3 1.70 2.21 4.00 5.20 2

M530-50A E230-8 2.30 2.91 5.30 6.66

10
M470-50A E185-4 2.00 2.30 4.70 5.90

M400-50A E170-6 1.70 2.15 4.00 5.10 1.59 1.69 1.79 7.75 2.0

M370-50A E157-3 1.60 2.10 3.70 4.70 5

M350-50A E145-8 1.50 2.05 3.50 4.45

M330-50A E137-5 0.50 1.35 1.80 3.30 4.20 96.0

3
M310-50A E125-0 1.25 1.60 3.10 3.95

M290-50A E115-1 1.15 1.45 2.90 3.71

3.0 to
1.56 1.65 1.76 7.65
3.3
M270-50A E110-2 1.10 1.40 2.70 3.47
2
M250-50A E105-2 1.05 1.35 2.50 3.21

M230-50A E100-3 1.00 1.30 2.30 2.95

M330-35A E170-6 1.30 1.70 3.30 4.12

7.75 2.0 3
M300-35A E157-3 1.20 1.50 3.00 3.74

M270-35A E137-5 1.10 1.40 2.70 3.36

0.35 1.56 1.66 1.76 95.0
M250-35A E125-0 1.00 1.25 2.50 3.14
3.0 to
7.65 2
3.3
M235-35A E115-1 0.95 1.20 2.35 2.97

M210-35A E110-2 0.90 1.15 2.10 2.65

* APERAM guarantees only one test condition and it must be specified by the customer.
Note: » Magnetic properties measured in Epstein test specimens (50% in the rolling direction and 50% in the transverse direction),
without stress-relief annealing, according to IEC 60404-2.
» Bending carried out on a specimen cut in transverse direction.
 High Permeability Non-oriented electrical Steel
Aperam’s high permeability steels reach higher values ​​of magnetic induction with less
magnetizing current, allowing reduced copper windings or aluminum windings, thus
minimizing the total cost of the electrical equipment.

Table 2 - Guaranteed characteristics of high permeability NOES

Guaranteed Characteristics
Maximum Core Loss at Minimum Magnetic
Product Minimum
(W/kg) Induction at (T) Assumed Silicon Minimum
Thickness Stacking
1.0 T 1.5 T Density Content Bending
(mm) 2500 5000 10000 (g/cm³) Factor
Reference Aperam (%) Index
A/m A/m A/m (%)
50 Hz 60 Hz 50 Hz 60 Hz

P800-100A E233-2 1.00 3.60 4.55 8.00 10.70 1.64 1.73 1.83 2.0 98.0

P470-65A E233-2 0.65 2.00 2.50 4.70 6.13 1.64 1.73 1.83 7.75 2.0 97.0 5

P400-50A E233-2 0.50 1.70 2.15 4.00 5.10 1.64 1.73 1.83 2.0 96.0

Note: Magnetic properties measured in Epstein test samples (50% in the rolling direction and 50% in the transverse direction),
without stress-relief annealing.

NOES Steels - Dimensional

Aperam’s Non-Oriented Electrical Steels can be supplied in coils or strips.
All coils are supplied with a standard internal diameter of 610 mm, with the possibility
of being supplied also with internal diameter of 508 mm, upon previous request. The
standard internal diameter for strips is 508 mm. In both cases, the diameter tolerance is
(-10/+ 20 mm).
Other dimensional characteristics can be found below:

Table 3 - Typical widths of finished product coils Table 4 - Thickness Tolerance

Silicon Standard Widths Standard Widths Thickness Tolerance
Thicknesses
Content Mill Edge (mm) Trimmed Edge (mm) (mm) (mm)
1015 995 1.00 +/- 0.05
0.35 to
2%Si 1.00mm
1045 1025 0.65 +/- 0.05
(d = 7,75 g/cm3)
0.35 to 0.50 / 0.54 +/- 0.04
1085 1065
0.54mm
0.35 +/- 0.03
1025 1005
3 a 3,3%Si 0.35 to
1065 1045
(d = 7,65 g/cm3) 0.50mm
1080 1060

Table 5 - Width Tolerance Table 6 - Trimmed edge burr

Edge Width (mm) Tolerance (mm)
Steel Thickness Maximum Burr Values
25 ≤ L ≤ 150 - 0 / + 0.3 (mm) (mm)

Trimmed 150 < L ≤ 500 - 0 / + 0.5 1.00 0.06

500 < L ≤ 1060 -0 / + 1.5 0.65 0.04

Mill edge 1010 ≤ L ≤ 1080 +/- 10 0.35 to 0.54 0.03

NOES - Coating
Table 7 - General characteristics of NOES coatings
Coating
Characteristics
Aperam ASTM A976

Uncoated steel, however a thin stable oxide film may be found on the surface. Surface electrical resistivity
N0 C-0 is not guaranteed. This coating withstands burn-off treatment (up to 0.5h at approximately 540°C in air)
and stress relief annealing (up to approximately 840°C under a protective atmosphere).

Inorganic-organic hybrid coating applied to steel surface. It is used in applications that require good
electrical insulation and good punchability. This coating withstands burn-off treatment (up to 0.5h at
T5 C-5
approximately 540°C in air) and stress relief annealing (up to approximately 840°C under a protective
atmosphere). Lower thickness compared to Aperam N5 coating.
Inorganic-organic hybrid coating applied to steel surface. It is used in applications that require good
electrical insulation and good punchability. This coating withstands burn-off treatment (up to 0.5h at
N5 C-5
approximately 540°C in air) and stress relief annealing (up to approximately 840°C under a protective
atmosphere).

Organic based coating with addition of inorganic pigments to improve its insulating ability. It is used in
N6 C-6 applications that require excellent surface electrical resistivity and good punchability. It withstands burn-off
treatment (up to 0.5h at approximately 540°C in air), but does not withstand stress relief annealing.

Table 8 - Insulation resistance and average thickness of NOES coatings

Coating Guaranteed Value - Franklin Test Average Thickness*

Aperam ASTM A976 Maximum Average* (A) Typical (µm) Tolerance (µm)

T5 C-5 0.563 1.00 +/- 0.50

N5 C-5 0.400 2.25 +/- 1.25

N6 C-6 0.300 3.25 +/- 1.25

*Average of ten measurements (five on the upper side and five on the lower side).

Coating composition determines most of its properties. The organic composition favors
resistivity and punchability, and the inorganic composition favors thermal resistance and
weldability.
Coating color may vary depending on processing conditions.
All Aperam NOES use chrome-free coatings.
Alkaline emulsions (containing amide solutions, for example) interact with T5 and N5
coatings and may cause adverse reactions.
Table 9 - Performance of NOES coatings according to their composition
Electrical
Type of Coating Composition Temperature Resistance Punchability Weldability
Resistivity
Withstands stress relief
N0 Natural oxide Low Low High
annealing

Withstands burn-off and stress-

N5 Inorganic-organic varnish High Average Low
relief annealing

Withstands burn-off and stress-

T5 Inorganic-organic varnish Average Average Average
relief annealing

Organic varnish with Withstands burn-off, but not

N6 High High Low
inorganic pigments stress-relief annealing
High Frequency Non-oriented electrical Steel
Aperam’s High Frequency NOES are materials that have low magnetic loss at high
frequencies (>400Hz), high magnetic induction (B50) and high mechanical strength. They
are the ideal steels for applications in the electric mobility market, in which motors must
be efficient, compact, light and have high torque. In addition, Aperam’s High Frequency
NOES can be used in applications that require high efficiency through rotational speed
variation (through frequency variation), such as variable speed motors and compressors,
among others.

Table 10 - Guaranteed characteristics of EV NOES steels

Conventional Guaranteed Features

Thickness Maximum Loss at Minimum Magnetic Minimum Yield Minimum Tensile

Aperam
(mm) 1.0T/400Hz Induction B50 (T) Strength 0.2% (MPa)* Strength (MPa)*

0.25 NO25-14 14.0 1.62 400 500

0.30 NO30-16 16.0 1.64 400 500

0.35 NO35-18 18.0 1.66 400 500

High permeability Guaranteed Features

Thickness Maximum Loss at Minimum Magnetic Minimum Yield Minimum Tensile

Aperam
(mm) 1.0T/400Hz Induction B50 (T) Strength 0.2% (MPa)* Strength (MPa)*

0.25 NO25-14HP 14.0 1.65 400 500

0.30 NO30-16HP 16.0 1.66 400 500

0.35 NO35-18HP 18.0 1.70 400 500

High mechanical strength Guaranteed Features

Thickness Maximum Loss at Minimum Magnetic Minimum Yield Minimum Tensile

Aperam
(mm) 1.0T/400Hz Induction B50 (T) Strength 0.2% (MPa)* Strength (MPa)*

0.30 NO30-22HS 22.0 1.65 470 560

*Mechanical properties measured on rolling direction specimens.

Note: Magnetic properties measured on Epstein samples (50% - rolling direction and 50% - transverse direction), without stress
relief annealing.
GoCore Family (RGO, HGO
and HGO DR)
GoCore is the name given to Aperam
South America’s line of high-permeability
grain-oriented (HGO) steel produced
using low-temperature technology.
There are three different lines: Regular
Grain Oriented Electrical Steel (RGO),
High Permeability Grain Oriented
Electrical Steel (HGO) and High
Permeability Grain Oriented Electrical
Steel with Domain Refinement (HGO DR).
Regular Grain Oriented Electrical Steel (RGO)
Its main applications are manufacturing of power and distribution transformer cores,
power reactors, hydrogenerators and turbogenerators. Aperam’s RGO electrical steel
contributes significantly to the global reduction towards energy consumption and
greenhouse gas emissions.
Developed to achieve low losses and high magnetic permeability, RGO has excellent
magnetic properties in the rolling direction.

Table 11 - Guaranteed characteristics of RGO steels

Guaranteed Features
Maximum Magnetic Loss at
Product Minimum Magnetic Assumed Minimum
Thickness 1.7 T (W/kg) Minimum
Induction at 800A/m Density Stacking Factor
(mm) Bending Index
Type Aperam 50 Hz 60 Hz (T) (g/cm³) (%)

R120-27 0.27 1.20 1.58

95.0
R130-27 0.27 1.30 1.68
RGO 1.80 7.65 2
R130-30 0.30 1.30 1.71
95.5
R140-30 0.30 1.40 1.83

Note: Magnetic properties measured on Epstein samples (100% in the rolling direction) and subject to stress relief annealing,
according to IEC 60404-2.
High Permeability Grain Oriented Electrical Steel (HGO)
GoCore HGO electrical steel is the material of choice for high efficiency transformers
because it offers higher permeability and better energy efficiency, in line with the trend
of greater demand for products that achieve lower electricity consumption. For the power
generation and distribution sectors, this means smaller and more efficient transformers.

Table 12 - Guaranteed characteristics of HGO steels

Guaranteed Features
Maximum Magnetic Loss at
Product Minimum Magnetic Assumed Minimum
Thickness 1.7 T (W/kg) Minimum
Induction at 800A/m Density Stacking Factor
(mm) Bending Index
Type Aperam 50 Hz 60 Hz (T) (g/cm³) (%)

H100-27 * 0.27 1.00 1.32

95.0
H110-27 0.27 1.10 1.45

H100-30 0.30 1.00 1.32 1.88

HGO 7.65 2
H105-30 0.30 1.05 1.38
95.5
H110-30 0.30 1.10 1.46

H120-30 0.30 1.20 1.58 1.85

*This grade may eventually be supplied with laser scribing (HGO DR), if not previously agreed. In this case, all other
characteristics shall be maintained.

Note: » For HGO - magnetic properties measured in Epstein samples (100% in the rolling direction), and subject to stress relief
annealing, according to IEC 60404-2.
» For HGO DR - magnetic loss measured by means of a Single Sheet Tester, multiplied by the Fc conversion factor of
0.925, according to IEC 60404-8-7 (2020).
High Permeability Grain Oriented Electrical Steel with Domain
Refinement (HGO DR)
GoCore HGO DR steels are the evolution of HGO steels. The HGO DR products are treated by
means of laser scribing method which generate microstress in the steel matrix, thus leading
to magnetic domains refinement. This new structure of refined magnetic domains produces
lower magnetic losses in this type of product, without changing the magnetic permeability
and preserving the surface quality.

Table 13 - Guaranteed characteristics of HGO DR steels

Guaranteed Features
Maximum Magnetic Loss at
Product Minimum Magnetic Assumed Minimum
Thickness 1.7 T (W/kg) Minimum
Induction at 800A/m Density Stacking Factor
(mm) Bending Index
Type Aperam 50 Hz 60 Hz (T) (g/cm³) (%)

L085-27 0.27 0.85 1.12

L090-27 0.27 0.90 1.18

95.0
L095-27 0.27 0.95 1.25

HGO DR L100-27* 0.27 1.00 1.32 1.85 7.65 2

L080-23 0.23 0.80 1.05

L085-23 0.23 0.85 1.12 94.5

L090-23 0.23 0.90 1.18

*This grade may eventually be supplied without laser scribing (HGO DR), if not previously agreed. In this case, all other
characteristics shall be maintained.

Note: » For HGO - magnetic properties measured in Epstein samples (100% in the rolling direction), and subject to stress relief
annealing, according to IEC 60404-2.
» For HGO DR - magnetic loss measured by means of a Single Sheet Tester, multiplied by the Fc conversion factor of
0.925, according to IEC 60404-8-7 (2020).
» HGO DR steels should not be subjected to heat treatment (>600°C) under risk of loss of magnetic
domains refinement, returning to typical losses prior to laser scratching.

To check the performance curves of each material, access:

GO Steels - Dimensional
Aperam’s GO electric steel is supplied in coils or strips. The standard internal diameter of all
coils are 508 mm. In both cases the diameter tolerance is -10 / +20 mm. For all these steels
the maximum burr is 0.02 mm.

Table 14 - Thickness Tolerance Table 15 - Width Tolerance

Thickness (mm) Tolerance (mm) Width (mm) Tolerance (mm)

0.27 +/- 0.030 30 ≤ L ≤ 150 - 0 / + 0.3

0.30 +/- 0.030 150 < L ≤ 500 - 0 / + 0.5

500 < L ≤ 1020 -0 / + 1.0

GO Steels - Coating
Aperam GO steels are supplied with ASTM-C5 coating over ASTM-C2. They are called
Aperam R5 (for RGO steels), H5 (for HGO steels) and L5 (for HGO DR steels) coatings.
Despite the difference of nomenclature, R5, H5 and L5 are exactly the same coatings.

Table 16 - Insulation resistance of GO coatings

Guaranteed Value Typical Value
Steel Aperam nomenclature Coating
Maximum Average (A)* Average (A)

RGO R5

HGO H5 ASTM C5 0.200 0.108

HGO DR L5

*Average of ten measurements (five on the upper side and five on the lower side).
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