Essential Mathematics 4th Edition by Lial Salzman ISBN Solution Manual
Essential Mathematics 4th Edition by Lial Salzman ISBN Solution Manual
Essential Mathematics 4th Edition by Lial Salzman ISBN Solution Manual
Five parts are unshaded: 5. The fraction represents of the equal parts
into which a whole is divided.
2. (a) An area equal to of the parts is shaded.
6. The fraction represents of the equal parts
(b) An area equal to of the parts is shaded. into which a whole is divided.
8. The fraction represents of the equal parts
into which a whole is divided.
¥ Numerator 9. The figure has equal parts.
3. (a)
¥ Denominator Three parts are shaded:
Á Á
Proper fraction Improper fraction
~
Á Á
Á Á ~
3. • ~ Multiply and .
(d) • ~ Multiply and . b ~ Add .
b ~ Add .
~
~
The mixed number can be changed to the
~ 5. • ~ Multiply and .
b ~ Add .
(b) Divide by .
6. • ~ Multiply and .
~
b ~ Add .
(c) Divide by .
~
¥ Whole number part
The statement is true.
7. • ~ Multiply and .
¥ Remainder
b ~ Add .
~
9. • ~ Multiply and .
¥ Remainder b ~ Add .
~
~
b ~ Add .
1. is an improper fraction since the numerator is
~
~
~ ~
~
~
b ~ Add .
~
~
26. Multiply and .
• ~
16. Multiply and . Add .
• ~ b ~
Add .
b ~ ~
~
27. • ~ Multiply and .
b ~ Add .
17. • ~ Multiply and .
19. • ~
~
b ~ Add .
¥ Remainder ~
~
42.
¥ Remainder
~
¥ Remainder
~ 43.
¥ Remainder
¥ Remainder ~
38.
44.
¥ Whole number part
¥ Whole number part
¥ Remainder
¥ Remainder
~ number part
39. ¥
Whole
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~
45.
¥
W
ho
le
nu
mb
er
pa
rt
¥ Remainder ¥ Remainder
~ ~
¥ Remainder
¥ Remainder
~
~
47.
52.
¥ Whole number part
¥ Remainder
~
¥ Remainder
48.
~
¥ Remainder
49.
54.
¥ Remainder
~
¥ Remainder
50.
¥ Remainder
57. • ~ ~
b ~
65. The commands used will vary. The following is
~ from a TI-83 Plus:
58. • ~
b ~
~
59. • ~
b ~ ~
~
66. The commands used will vary. The following is
b ~
61. • ~
b ~
~
~
62. • ~
67. The commands used will vary. The following is
b ~ from a TI-83 Plus:
63.
~
¥ Remainder
69. The following fractions are proper fractions.
~
Á Á Á
(b) ; ¥ Remainder
~
;
;
¥ Remainder
~
(c) The proper fractions in Exercise 69 are all less
than .
71. The following fractions are improper fractions. 74. (a) The fractions that can be written as whole or
mixed numbers in Exercise 73 are improper
fractions, and their value is always greater than or
equal to .
Á Á
(b) ;
;
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;
~ ;
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1. (a) Factorizations of
:
• ~ • ~
• ~
The factors of are
, , , , , and .
• ~ • ~ • ~
Divide by .
The factors of are , , , , and .
• ~ • ~ • ~ • ~ Divide by .
• ~
. Quotient is 1.
2. , , , , , , , Divide by .
3. , , , , , , , , , , , , , , Divide by .
4. (a) e ~ (c)
e ~ prime Divide by .
~ • •
Divide by .
(b) e ~
e ~ prime
Divide by .
~ • •
(c) e ~ Divide by .
e ~ prime Quotient is 1.
~ • • ~ • • • ~ • •
(d) e ~
e ~
(d)
e ~ prime
Divide by .
~ • • •
Quotient is 1. Divide by .
Divide by .
Divide by . Divide by .
Divide by . Quotient is 1.
Divide by . ~ • • • ~
Divide by . Divide by .
Divide by . Divide by .
Divide by . Divide by .
Divide by . Divide by .
Quotient is 1. Quotient is 1.
~ • • • • ~ •
~ ~
• • • • • •
7. (a)
à Â
(b) Ã Â
Divide by .
Divide by .
~ • • ~ •
(b)
Divide by . Ã Â
Quotient is 1.
~ • • ~ •
~ •
(c)
à Â
(c)
à Â
Divide by .
~ • •
Divide by .
2.3 Section Exercises
Divide by . 1. Factorizations of :
• ~ • ~
Divide by .
Quotient is 1. The factors of are , , , and . The statement
~ • • • ~ • • is false (missing ).
2. Factorizations of :
• ~ • ~ • ~
6. Factorizations of : • ~ • ~
• ~ • ~ • ~ 29.
Divide by .
11. Factorizations of :
• ~ • ~ • ~ • ~ Divide by .
The factors of are , , , , , , , and .
Divide by .
12. Factorizations of :
• ~ • ~ • ~ • ~ Divide by .
• ~ • ~ Quotient is 1.
The factors of are , , , , , , 1 , , , , ~ • • • ~ •
, and .
The correct choice is (b).
13. Factorizations of :
30.
• ~ • ~ • ~ • ~ Ã Â
The factors of are , , , , , , and .
à Â
14. Factorizations of :
à Â
• ~ • ~ • ~ • ~
• ~ • ~
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~ • • • ~ •
The factors of are , , , , , , , , , ,
, and . The correct choice is (c).
Divide by . Ã Â
Divide by .
~ • • ~ •
Divide by . 38.
Divide by .
Quotient is 1. Divide by .
~ • • • ~ •
Divide by .
The correct choice is (a).
32. Divide by .
Quotient is 1.
Divide by . ~ • •
39.
Divide by .
Divide by . Divide by .
Quotient is 1.
~ • • ~ Divide by .
33.
Divide by .
Divide by . Divide by .
Divide by . Divide by .
Quotient is 1. Quotient is 1.
~ • ~ • • • • ~ •
34. We can also use a factor tree.
40.
à Â
à Â
à Â
à Â
à Â
~ • • ~ •
à Â
35.
à  à Â
~ • ~
~ • • • • • ~
36.
41.
Divide by . Divide by .
Divide by .
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Div by . Divide
by .
ide
Divide by .
Divide by .
Quotient is 1. Quotient is 1.
~ • • • ~ •
~ • • ~ •
à  Divide by .
à Â
Divide by .
~ • • • ~ • Quotient is 1.
43. ~ • • • • ~ • •
48.
Divide by . Ã Â
Divide by . Ã Â
à Â
Divide by .
à Â
Divide by .
Quotient is 1.
~ • • • • ~ • •
~ • • • ~ •
44. 49.
à Â
à  Divide by .
à  Divide by .
à Â
Divide by .
~ • • • • ~ •
Divide by .
45.
Divide by .
Divide by .
Divide by .
Divide by .
Divide by .
Divide by . Quotient is 1.
Quotient is 1. ~ • • • • • • ~ •
~ • • ~
50.
46. Ã Â
à Â
à Â
à Â
à Â
à Â
à Â
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~ • • • ~ •
à Â
47.
à Â
Divide by .
~ • • • • • • ~ • •
Divide by .
51. 57.
Divide by . Divide by .
Divide by . Divide by .
Divide by . Divide by .
Divide by . Divide by .
Quotient is 1.
Divide by . ~ • • • ~ • •
58.
Divide by .
Quotient is 1.
~ • • • • • ~ • • Divide by .
52.
à  Divide by .
à  Divide by .
à Â
Divide by .
à Â
Divide by .
à Â
Divide by .
~ • • • • • ~ •
53. Answers will vary. A sample answer follows. A Divide by .
prime number is a whole number that has exactly
two different factors, itself and . Examples Divide by .
even numbers have as a factor. Many odd No, use only prime numbers,
numbers are multiples of prime numbers and are the your answers will be correct.
not prime. For example, , , , and are all order However, it does seem easier
multiples of . of to always start with and
55. All the possible factors of are , , , , , , divisi then use progressively
, and . This list includes both prime numbers on greater prime numbers. The
and composite numbers. The prime factors of does prime factorization of is
include only prime numbers. The prime not
factorization of is matter
. As
~ • • • ~ • À long
56. Yes, you can divide by s before you divide by . as you
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Divide de by .
by .
Divide by .
D
Divide by .
i
Divide by .
v
Divide by .
i
b
Quotient is 1.
y
à  à Â
à  à Â
à  à Â
à  à Â
~ • • • • • ~ • ~ • • • • • ~ • • •
64.
à Â
61. Ã Â
à Â
Divide by .
à Â
Divide by À
à Â
Divide by À
~ • • • • • ~ • •
Divide by . 65. The prime numbers less than are , , , , ,
, , , , , , , , , and .
Divide by .
66. A prime number is a whole number that is evenly
divisible by itself and only.
Divide by .
67. No. Every other even number is divisible by in
Quotient is 1.
~ • • • • • ~ • • •
addition to being divisible by itself and .
68. No. A multiple of a prime number can never be
prime because it will always be divisible by the
prime number.
62.
69.
Divide by .
Divide by .
Divide by .
Divide by .
Divide by .
Divide by .
Divide by .
Divide by .
Divide by .
Divide by .
Divide by .
Divide by .
Quotient is 1.
Divide by .
~ • • • • •
Quotient is 1.
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~ • • • • • • ~ • 70. ~ • • • • • ~ • • •
• • • •
2.4 Writing a Fraction in Lowest Terms (b) ~
• • •
2.4 Margin Exercises
• • • •
\•\•\• •
1. (a) , ; ~ ~ ~
\•\•\• • • •
~ • ~ •
\•\•\•\
~ ~ ~
Yes, is a common factor of and . \•\•\• •\ • • • •
2. (a)
• • •
\•\•\•\
~ ~ ~
and have no common factor other than . \•\• •\•\ • • • •
Yes, it is in lowest terms.
(b) and
and have a common factor of .
No, it is not in lowest terms.
• •\ • •
(c) ~ ~ ~
• •\•\ • • •
and have no common factor other than . The fractions are not equivalent ² £ ³À
Yes, it is in lowest terms.
e (c) and
3. (a) ~ ~
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e
e \•\• • •
(b) ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
e \•\ •
e
(c) ~ ~
e • •
\• •\
e ~ ~ ~
(d) ~ ~ •\ •
e
• • (d) and
4. (a) ~
• • •
\•\•\ • • \•\• • •\ • • • •
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
\•\•\• • • • \•\•\• • • •
26. ~ ~
The fractions are not equivalent ² £ ³À e
e
2.4 Section Exercises 27. ~ ~
e
1. A number can be divided by if the number is an e
even number. 28. ~ ~
e
2. A number can be divided by if the number ends e
29. ~ ~
in or . e
number is divisible by . e
e
32. ~ ~
e
5. 9 9 9 9
6. 9 9 9 9 \•\• • •
7. 9 9 X X 33. ~ ~ ~
\• • •\ • • •
8. 9 9 X X
9. 9 X 9 9 \•\•\•\ • • •
10. X X 9 X 34. ~ ~ ~
\• •\•\• • • • • • •
11. 9 9 X X
12. 9 9 9 9
•
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e
16. ~ ~ , true
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e \•\•\• • • •
38.
e ~ ~ ~
17. ~ ~ \•\• • •\ • • • •
e
e
18. ~ ~
e
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e 40. ~ ~ ~
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e \•\• • • • •
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49. and
44. and
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• •
•\•\ ¥ Numerator
~ ~ 5.
\•\• •\ ¥ Denominator
•\ •
~ ~ ~ 7. There are winners in total
•\ •
( b b b b b ³. Seven of the
winners were from Switzerland.
\•\• • •
~ ~ ~ 8. Since b ~ of the winners were from either
\•\• • •
France or South Africa, c ~ were not.
~
The fractions are equivalent 2 ~ 3À
9. b ~ of the winners were from either Japan
c ~ were not. ~
\•\ •
58. ~ ~
• • • •\•\ 11.
• \•\
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¥ Remainder
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¥ Remainder ¥ Remainder
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15.
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24. • ~ Multiply and .
16. b ~ Add .
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¥ Remainder b ~ Add .
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27.
¥ Remainder à Â
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28. 38. ~ ~
à  e
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29.
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à  45. ~ ~
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31. \•\•\•\• •\
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à  \•\• •\
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2. (a) • ~ ~
•
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(b) • ~ ~
33. ~ ~
e \
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e
34. ~ ~ • •
e (c) • • ~ ~
• •
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35. ~ ~ • •
e (d) • • ~ ~
• •
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5. (a) Area ~ length • width 11. • • ~ • • ~ ~
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12. \ \•\ • •
~ mi
\ \ •
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(c) Area ~ length • width \ \ •
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•
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~ mi
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2.5 Section Exercises \ \ \ • •
16. • • ~ • • ~ ~
1. To multiply two or more fractions, you multiply \ \ \ • •
\
the numerators and you multiply the denominators.
\ \
\ \ \ • • 30. • ~ • ~ ~
17. • • ~ • • ~ ~ \
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31. • ~ • ~ ~
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18. • • ~ • • ~ ~
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19. • • ~ • • ~ ~ \ \
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34. • • ~ • •
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36. • • ~ • •
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25. • • ~ • •
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26.
• Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.
\ ~
~ • ~
~ ~
\ 37. Area ~ length • width
\
~ • • mi
\
\ ~ ~
\
27. • • ~ • • ~ ~
\ \ 38. Area ~ length • width
•
~ • ~ ~ ft
\ •
28. • ~ • ~ ~
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39. Area ~ length • width
\ \
~ • ~ • ~ ~ meters
29. • ~ • ~ ~ \
\
•\ \•\
41. Area ~ length • width ~ ~ mi ~ ~ mi
•\ \•\
\ \
• ~ mi
\ \
~ • ~
Neither ranch is larger in area. They are both the
same size.
42. Area ~ length • width
mi 51. b b b b b
~ • ~ b b ~ supermarkets
The estimate of the total number of supermarkets
• 52. b b b b b
• ~ ~ À
• b b ~ supermarkets, which is the
exact total number of supermarkets in these states.
44. You must divide a numerator and a denominator
by the same number. If you do all possible 53. An estimate of the number of supermarkets in
divisions, your answer will be in lowest terms.
medium to large population areas in New York is
One example is
\
• ~ • ~ À
\
• \•\
• ~ ~ \ ~ À
• •\
The exact value is
\
~ • ~ • ~ ~ yd Rounding gives us supermarkets.
\
46. Area ~ width • height 54. An estimate of the number of supermarkets in New
Hampshire which are in shopping centers, is
\ \
~ • ~ • ~ ~ yd
\ • ~ • ~ À
\
\ • ~ • ~ ~ À
~ • ~ • ~ ~ mi
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\
\ \
,
• , ~ • ~ ,
• ~ • ~ supermarketsÀ \
\
Step 5
This value is closer to the exact value because She will receive $ , as retirement income.
using as a rounded guess is closer to than
using as a rounded guess. Step 6
The answer is reasonably close to our estimate.
2.6 Applications of Multiplication
2. Step 1
2.6 Margin Exercises The problem asks for the number of prescriptions
paid for by a third party.
1. (a) Step 1 Step 2
The problem asks us to find the amount of money A third party pays for of the total number of
they can save in a year.
prescriptions, .
Step 2 Step 3
Find the amount they can save by multiplying
and , . \
An estimate is • ~ • ~ À
\
Step 3
We can estimate this amount using and , . Step 4
The exact value is
,
\
,
• , ~ • ~ , \
\ • ~ \• ~ À
Step 4
Step 5
Now solve the problem using the original values.
A third party pays for prescriptions.
,
\
, Step 6
• , ~ • ~ , The answer is reasonably close to our estimate.
\
3. Step 1
Step 5 The problem asks for the fraction of students who
They can save $ , in a year. speak Spanish.
Step 6 Step 2
The answer is reasonably close to our estimate. of the of the students who speak a foreign
language, speak Spanish.
(b) Step 1
The problem asks us to find the amount of money Step 3
,
The fraction of students who speak Spanish is .
\
,
• , ~ • ~ , Step 6
\
The answer, , matches our estimate.
be the same as the exact answer. , , people who shop at flea markets on a
daily basis purchase produce.
\
• ~ • ~ ~ 9. Multiply the length and the width.
\
\•
children buy food from vending machines. • ~ ~
•\
(c) From the circle graph, the fraction is À
The area of the top of the table is yd .
(d) Multiply by . Since we can estimate
10. Multiply the number of bowls by the fraction eaten
the answer using the exact values, our estimated
in the summer months.
answer will be the same as the exact answer.
\
\ • ~ • ~
• ~ \• ~ ~ \
4. When calculating area, the length and the width The average household does loads of wash in
must be in the same units of measurement. If the the winter months.
measurements are both in miles, the answer will be 13. Multiply the daily parking fee by the fraction.
in square miles and shown as mi À
5. Multiply the length and the width. \
• •
~ ~
\
The area of the digital photo frame is ft . 6. t ply the length and
Mul i width.
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\
• ~ • ~
\
\• The daily parking fee in San Francisco is $ .
• ~ ~
\•\ 15. (a) of the runners are women.
\
• ~ • ~ 22. Answers will vary. Some possibilities are
\
1. You made an addition error.
There are nonsmoking rooms. 2. The fractions on the circle graph are incorrect.
(b) The number of smoking rooms is 3. The fraction errors were caused by rounding.
c ~ À 23. Add the income for all twelve months to find the
income for the year.
17. The smallest sector of the circle graph is the 4
hours group, so this response was given by the b b b b b
least number of people. To find how many people b b b b b b
($ , ).
people gave this response.
,
18. The largest sector of the circle graph is the 2 hours \
,
• , ~ • ~ ,
or less group, so this response was given by the \
greatest number of people. To find how many
people gave this response, multiply by the total Their taxes were $ , .
number of people, .
25. From Exercise 23, the total income is $ , .
•\ The circle graph shows that of the income is for
• ~ ~ rent.
\•
,
people gave this response. \
,
• , ~ • ~ ,
\
19. The only group that is not willing to wait hours
or less is the 8 hours group, and the fraction
The amount of their rent is $ , À
corresponding to that group is À Thus, the fraction
willing to wait hours or less is 26. Multiply the fraction by the total income.
c ~ c ~
À
\
,
The total number of people willing to wait hours • , ~ • ~ ,
\
or less is
•\
They spent $ , on food.
• ~ ~ .
\• 27. Multiply the total income by the fraction saved.
•\
• ~ ~ À
\• They spent $ on clothing.
\
,
\ \ • , ~ • ~
\
d ~ d ~ À
\ \
To find the amount borrowed in the first years,
30. Yes, the statements are true. Since whole numbers subtract:
are or greater, when you multiply, the product
will always be greater than either of the numbers $ , c$ ~$ ,
multiplied. But, when you multiply two proper $ , was borrowed in the first years.
fractions, you are finding a fractional part of a
37. Multiply the remaining of the estate by the
fraction, and the product will be smaller than either
of the two proper fractions. fraction going to the American Cancer Society.
Society.
The cost of laser eye surgery for one eye in
Thailand is $ . 38. Multiply the remaining of their total investments
by the fraction invested in bonds.
32. Multiply the cost in the United States by À
\
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\
\
,
, • ~ • ~
\
The couple invested of their total investment in
\ 1. (a) Â
Á ; The reciprocal of is because
• ~ • ~
\
• ~ ~ .
The length of the scale model is feet.
pounds saved.
• ~ ~ .
1 1 \
,
• 10, ~ • ~ (c) The reciprocal of is because
10 \
• ~ ~ .
To find the weight of the test truck, subtract:
, c , ~ votes. \ •
(c) ~ e ~ • ~ ~
She needs votes from voters other than the \ •
senior citizens.
e ~ e
(d)
~ e \ •
~ •
\ ~ •
~ ~
\ • Step 5
~ • ~ ~ ~
\ • -quart bottles can be filled.
Step 6
3. (a) e ~ • ~ • ~ The answer is reasonably close to our estimate.
5. (a) Step 1
\ The problem asks for the fraction of the bonus
(b) e ~ e ~ • ~
\ money that each employee will receive.
Step 2
\ • Divide the fraction of the bonus money, , by the
(c) e ~ e ~ • ~ ~ number of employees, .
\ •
Step 3
• An estimate is e ~ À
(d) e ~ e ~ • ~ ~
•
Step 4
Solving gives us
4. (a) Step 1
drops. e ~ e ~ • ~ ~
\ •
Step 2
Divide the total number of ounces of eye drops by
Step 5
the fraction of an ounce each dispenser holds. Each employee will receive of the bonus
money.
Step 3
An estimate is e ~ À Step 6
The answer is reasonably close to our estimate.
Step 4
Solving gives us (b) Step 1
The problem asks for the fraction of the prize
money that each employee will receive.
e ~ e Step 2
Since they donate of the winnings, they have
\ •
~ • ~ ~ ~
\ •
c ~ c ~
Step 5 of the winnings left to divide. Divide the fraction
Step 4 Step 6
Solving gives us The answer is reasonably close to our estimate.
\ \
8. The reciprocal of is because 24. ~ e ~ • ~ ~
\ \
• ~ ~ .
• ~ ~ .
• ~ ~ .
\
27. e ~ e ~ • ~ ~
\ \
13. e ~ •
~
\
28. e ~ e ~ • ~
\
14. e ~ • ~
\ \
29. ~ e ~ e ~ • ~
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\
15. e ~ • ~ ~
\ \
16. e ~ • 30. ~ e ~ e ~ • ~
~ ~ \
\
17. e ~ • ~
\
31. • ~
~ e ~ e ~
\
18. e ~ • ~
\ \
19. e ~ •
\
~ ~ 32. ~ e ~ e ~ • ~
\
Each horse will get of a quart. 42. Sometimes the answer is less and sometimes it is
greater.
34. Divide the number of quarts of shampoo by the
\
They need to fill the measuring cup times. ~
• ~ •
36. Divide the total number of pounds of jelly beans \
\
• ~ • ~ ~
-pound bags can be filled. \
37. Divide the total number of ounces of eye drops by patients were still taking their drugs.
the fraction of an ounce each dispenser holds.
49. Divide the yards of fabric by the fraction of a 56. Area ~ length • width
yard needed for each dish towel.
~ • ~
\ The area is in. . Multiply the length by the
e ~ • ~ • ~
\ width to find the area of any rectangle.
\ 1. (a)
~ • ~
•
\
¥ is more than À
There are job openings. ¥ Half of is À
rounds up to .
The reciprocal of is because
• ~ ~ À
(e)
The reciprocal of is because
• ~ ~ À
¥ is the same as À
The reciprocal of is because ¥ Half of is À
• ~ ~ À rounds up to .
(f) (b) e
e ~ e ~ • ~ ~
2. (a) •
e
Estimate: rounds to . rounds to .
e ~ e ~ • ~ ~
(b) • \
\ e ~ ~
• ~ • ~ • ~ ~
\
Exact:
\
(c) • •
e
~
\
~ e ~
3. (a) e
Exact:
Estimate: rounds to . rounds to .
\
e ~ e ~ e ~ • ~ ~
\
Exact:
propellers can be manufactured from pounds
\ \ of brass. The answer is reasonably close to the
e ~ e ~ • ~ • ~
\ \ estimate.
Exact:
9. •
\
e •
~ e ~ \ ~ Estimate: • ~
13. • •
5. •
Estimate: • • ~ • ~
Estimate: • ~
\
Exact: • • ~ • • ~ ~
Exact: • ~ • ~ ~ \
6. • 14. • •
Estimate: • • ~
Estimate: • ~
\ \
Exact: • ~ • ~ ~ Exact: • • ~ • • ~ ~
\
7.
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Inc.
\
15. • •
Estimate: • ~ Estimate: • • ~ • ~
\ \ \ \
Exact: • ~ • ~ • ~ ~ Exact: • • ~ • • ~ ~
\ \ \ \
16. • •
26. e
Estimate: • • ~
Estimate: e ~ ~
\ \
Exact: • • ~ • •
~ ~
\ \ \
Exact: e ~ e ~ •
~ ~
\
17. • Estimate: • ~
18. • Estimate: • ~
Estimate: e ~
The best estimate is choice (a).
\
19. e Estimate: e ~ Exact: e ~ e ~ • ~
\
The best estimate is choice (b).
28. e
20. e Estimate: e ~
21. e
\
Exact: e ~ e ~ • ~
\
Estimate: e ~
\ \ 29. e
Exact: e ~ e ~ • ~
\ \
Estimate: e ~ ~
22. e
\ \
Estimate: e ~ Exact: e ~ e ~ • ~
\ \
\ \
Exact: e ~ e ~ • ~ 30. e
\ \
Estimate: e ~
23. e
Estimate: e ~ \
Exact: e ~ e ~
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• ~ ~
\
Exact: e ~ e ~ • ~
31. e
24. e
Estimate: e ~
Estimate: e ~ ~
Exact: e ~ e ~ • ~
Exact: e ~ e ~ • ~ ~
32. e
25. e
Estimate: e ~ Estimate: e ~
Exact: e ~ e ~ Exact: e ~ e ~
• ~ ~ • ~ ~
Estimate: • ~ tsp.
(b) Salt:
Exact: • ~ • ~ ~ tsp. tsp.
Estimate: • ~ cups
Exact: e ~ e ~ • ~ teaspoon
Exact: • ~ • ~ ~ cups
(c) Applesauce: cup
Estimate: • ~ cups
\
Exact: e ~ e ~ • ~ cup
Exact: • ~ • ~ ~ cups \
Use multiplication.
Exact: e ~ e ~ • ~ cup
Estimate: • ~ in.
(c) Flour: cups
Exact: • ~ • ~ ~ in.
Estimate: e ~ cup
Exact: e ~ e ~ • ~ cup
inches of steel tubing is needed to make
jacks.
\ \
Exact: • ~ • ~ , in. e ~ e ~ • ~
\
The amount of wood that is necessary to make homes can be re-roofed with squares of
handles is , inches. roofing material.
41. The answer should include:
47. (a) The maximum height of the standard jack is
~ million
Exact: e ~ • ~ ~ in.
You would have $ million from the sale of the
44. Divide the number of square yards of carpet by the (b) No, because in. is greater than in.
amount of carpet needed for each apartment unit.
Estimate: e š units 49. Multiply the swimming speed of the person times
the number of times faster that a shark can swim
Exact: than a person.
\ Estimate: • ~ boxes
Exact: e ~ e ~ • ~
\ Exact: • ~ • ~ ~
They are: Á Á
~ • • ~
6. • ~
15.
b ~ Ã Â
~ Ã Â
7. • ~ Ã Â
b ~
~ • • • ~ • •
~ 16.
à Â
à Â
¥ Remainder
à Â
~
• • • • • • •
¥ 17. ~ • ~
Whole 18. • ~ • ~
numbe
r part 19. • ~ • ~
20. • ~ • ~
21. All parts out of a
possible parts are gold.
~
¥
Re
mai
nde
r
\• 38. ~ e
25. ~ ~
• • •\
\\ •\ •
\•\•\•\•\• • •\ ~ • ~ ~ ~ ~
26. ~ ~ ~ \ \ \
\•\•\•\•\•\ • •
27.
and 39.
\ \ •
~ e ~ • ~ ~
e \ \ •
~ ~
e
The fractions are equivalent ² ~ ³À
•
\
40. e ~ e ~ • ~ ~
28. and \ •
e
~ ~ \ •
e 41. e ~ • ~ ~
\ •
The fractions are not equivalent ² £ ³À
•
29. and 42. e ~ e ~ • ~ ~
e •
~ ~ 43. ~ ~
e •
\ •
44. ~ e ~ e ~ • ~ ~
\ •
\ •
30. • •
~ ~ ~
\ •
45. To find the area, multiply the length and the width.
\ •
The area is ft .
\ 46. To find the area, multiply the length and the width.
\ \ •
32. • ~ • ~ ~
\ • ~ • ~ ~
\ •
\
The area is yd .
47. Multiply the length and width.
\ \ •
33. • ~ • ~ ~
\\ •
\
• ~ • ~
\
\ •
34. • ~ ~ ~
• The area is ft .
• ~
\
\
• ~ • ~ Estimate: e š pull cords
\
Exact:
The area is ft . \
~ e ~ • ~
e
\ \
49. •
Estimate: • • ~
50. • •
Exact: • • ~ • • ~
Estimate: • • ~
The weight of the water is , or pounds.
\ \ 57. Ebony sold of pounds of rice.
Exact: • • ~ • • ~ ~
\ \
\ •
• ~ • ~ ~ ~ pounds
51. e \ •
Exact: e ~ • ~ ~
\ •
• •
~ ~ ~ ~ pounds
52. e \ •
c ~
She has $ c$ ~$ left.
59. must be divided by .
of the business. Divide that amount by .
e ~ e ~ • ~
e ~ e ~ • ~ ~
•
Each of the other partners owns of the business. Each school will receive of the amount raised.
e ~ e ~ • ~
~
Each fisherman receives ton.
72. [2.2] • ~
•
61. [2.5] • ~ ~ b ~
•
~
\ •
62. [2.5] • ~ • ~ ~
\ •
73. [2.4] \•\• • •
~ ~ ~
63. [2.8] • ~ • ~ ~ \•\• • •
• • • •
\• •\• •
64. [2.8] • ~ • ~ ~ ~ 74. [2.4] ~ ~ ~
\•\• • • • •
65. [2.7]
e
75. [2.4] ~ ~
e
\ • e
~ e ~ e ~ •
~ ~ 76. [2.4]
\ •
~ ~
e
e
77. [2.4] ~ ~
e
66. [2.7]
~ e ~ • ~
e
78. [2.4] ~ ~
e
\ •
79. [2.8] Multiply ounces per gallon by the
67. [2.5] • ~ • ~ ~ ~
\ • number of gallons.
\ \ •
• Exact:
• ~ • ~ ~ ~
e ~ e ~ • ~ ~ ~ \ •
\ •
\•\• •\
4. • ~ ~ ~
\•\• •\
b ~
13. Multiply fractions by multiplying the numerators
and multiplying the denominators. Divide two
~ fractions by using the reciprocal of the divisor (the
second fraction) and then changing division to
multiplication.
5.
\ \
14. • ~ • ~
\ \
¥ Remainder
~ \
15. • ~ • ~
\
6. Factorizations of :
8. \
à  • ~ • ~
\
à Â
Next, subtract to find the number that do survive.
à Â
c ~
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à  seedlings do survive.
à  \ •
18. e ~ • ~ ~
\ •
~ • • • • • ~ •
9. 19.
~ e ~ e ~ • ~ ~
à Â
à Â
20. Divide the total length by the length of the pieces.
à Â
à  \
e ~ e ~ • ~
\
Estimate: • ~ millions:
ten-thousands:
Exact: • ~ • ~ ~
3.
22. •
b
Estimate: • ~
Exact: • ~ • ~ ~
4. ,
23. e
Estimate: e ~ b ,
,
Exact:
\ 5. / /
e ~ e ~ • ~ ~
\ c
24. 6. , \ \ \, \ \
c , ,
, ,
Estimate: e ~ ~ 7.
d
Exact:
8. • • ~ ² • ³• ~ • ~
~ e ~ e
9.
•
~ • ~ ~ ~ ~
•
Estimate: • ~ grams
10.
Exact:
d d d
• , Attach À
• ~ • ~ ~ ~
•
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grams can be synthesized. 11.
~
17. c ²³ Exponent
~ c ² ³ Multiply.
~ c ~ Subtract.
Check:
d 18. j c • b Square root
~ c • b Multiply.
~ c b Subtract.
,
~ b ~ Add.
b
¥ Remainder
~
\
• ~ • ~ • ~
\
\ ~ • • • • ~ •
• ~
e ~ e ~
\
33.
à Â
28. • ~ Ã Â
b ~
à Â
~
• • • • •
29. • ~ ~ ~
b ~ 35. • ~ • ~
~ 30.
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36. • ~ • ~
¥ Whole 37. • • ~ • •
number part ~ •
~
e
38. ~ ~
e
e
¥ Remainder 39. ~ ~
e
~ e
40. ~ ~
e
•
41. • ~ ~
•
\• •\
42. • • ~ • • ~ ~
\•\
\ \
43. • ~ • ~ ~
\ \
44. e ~ • ~
\ •
45. • ~ ~
•
e ~ e ~
\
46. e ~ e ~• ~ ~