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TOTAL ORGANIC CARBON (TOC) REDUCTION IN WATER TREATMENT

11 JANUARY 2022
TOC is short for Total Organic Carbon, which within water treatment is referring to the total amount of organic carbon found in water.

The reduction of Total Organic Carbon (TOC) in water is critical in applications such as microelectronics and semiconductors,
pharmaceutical, food and beverage, and processing wastewater, to ensure ultrapure water.

The risks of not reducing TOC in puri ed water

Lacking to live up to the high standards for consistent water purity in the applications mentioned above can have signi cant
consequences. In order to live up to these high water-quality demands, an important part of the process is to look into the total amount
of organic carbon found in the water. E-mail our engineers
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This is for instance topical in food and beverage production processes, where ultra-pure water has a vital impact on the shelf life and
overall quality of the products. In these environments, even the smallest
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negative
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signi cant economic losses. This makes it a necessity to have continuous availability of high-quality water, to ensure consistent product
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quality and reliability. This makes it essential to measure the amount of total organic carbon found in the water in these applications, to
assess whether the water is safe to use.
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Another example is the pharmaceutical industry which has exceptionally high requirements for sanitation, making it necessary to ensure
a trustworthy and consistent source of ultra-pure water.

This calls for solutions which can effectively ensure TOC reduction – a problem which can be solved through the utilization of UV
technology.

“Differently from Europe, the electronics and semiconductor industries play an important role in ASEAN’s economic development.
Customers in such industries always highly demand ultra-puri ed water (UPW) to facilitate the production of their valued products. UV
technology is needed not only for effective disinfection, but also TOC removal as well. ULTRAAQUA has quickly become recognized in the
Asian market as a competitive manufacturer of effective TOC removal solutions regarding life cycle cost.”

Wachira Pintong, Nam Solutions and Technologies Co., LTD.

Reducing Total Organic Carbon (TOC) in water

Reducing TOC in water requires the use of a higher UV energy level, which is created at 185nm wavelength. The TOC reduction
systems from ULTRAAQUA use UV lamps that emit light at this wavelength, with light energy that promotes the formation of OH-radicals
from the photolysis of water. The OH-radicals react with the organic matter in the water leading to the oxidation into CO2 (carbon
dioxide) and H2O (water), effectively resulting in the removal of TOC.

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These UV TOC reactors are optimized through a combined chemical process and CFD modeling approach, attaining industry leading
standards. See the TOC UV system series by clicking here.
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For additional improved ef ciency, the ULTRAAQUA UV TOC systems can be combined with the addition of other oxidants such as
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hydrogen peroxide and ozone.

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How to achieve the desired TOC reduction level

By measuring the total organic carbon found in a speci c water sample and comparing it to the desired TOC level improvements to be
made, we are able to nd the optimal UV system to reach the desired TOC reduction levels.

Sending the TOC water sample to the ULTRAAQUA laboratory

Firstly, we will need to receive a TOC water sample for our laboratory technicians to analyze. The water sample is carefully handled by our
specialists throughout the entire testing process.

If plastic containers are used for shipping, they should be made of HDPE (high density polyethylene) material and kept as cold as possible
during storage and transportation. We also suggest that a TOC analysis of the sampled water is done before shipping, to assess any
changes prior to the lab testing.

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The analytical methods for TOC analysis
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In our laboratory, we use two different analytical instruments for measuring total organic carbon in the water samples. They rely on the
following principles: Search here.. EN

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Instrument #1

The rst instrument relies on wet chemical UV-persulfate oxidation with conductivity detection. The wet-chemical oxidation with UV light
and persulfate is especially used with puri ed water and ultrapure water applications, widely spread and accepted as “the standard.”
Organic carbon is oxidized to CO2 by persulfate in the presence of UV light through the generation of OH radicals.

The CO2 produced is separated from the liquid stream by a membrane that allows the speci c passage of CO2 to high-purity water where
a change in conductivity is measured and related to the CO2 passing the membrane. The UV–persulfate chemical oxidation method offers
relatively low maintenance, high sensitivity method for a wide range of applications due to the large operational range of less than 1 part
per billion (ppb) to more than 100 parts per million (ppm) with high accuracy.

Instrument #2

The second instrument relies on thermal decomposition with NDIR detection. With TOC measurement using thermal decomposition, the
organic matter is oxidized into carbon dioxide using very high temperatures (650-950°C) and a catalyst. In this way, the undissolved
components (suspended solids or wear debris) are also completely decomposed.

This is a common method particularly with a high TOC load (e.g., municipal sewage). Detection is done using a nondispersive infrared
detector where the CO2 produced is swept into the detector by a CO2-free carrier gas.

If you are interested in hearing more about how we can help with TOC removal, you are always welcome to reach out to our sales
engineers at [email protected].

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