Sas#5 Cie128

CIE 128: Principles of Transportation Engineering
Student Activity Sheet #5
Name: __________________________________________________________________________ Class number: ________

Section: ____________ Schedule: _________________________________________________ Date: _________________
Lesson title: Passing Sight Distance on a Level Road Materials:

Surface Calculator, Pen, Paper
Learning Targets:
At the end of the module, students will be able to: References:
1. Illustrate the passing sight distance. Mannering, F.L. Principles of Highway
2. List the important assumption regarding passing sight Engineering and Traffic Analysis. USA: John
distance. Wiley & Sons, Inc.
O’Flaherty, C.A. (1997). Transport Planning
and Traffic Engineering. Burlington, Canada:
Elsevier Ltd
A. LESSON PREVIEW/REVIEW
1) Introduction
In our previous topic, we discussed about the meaning of sight distance and factors affecting it. Today,
we are going to deal with another type of sight distance which is called as the “passing sight distance”.
Most roads and many streets are two-lane, two-way highways on which vehicles frequently overtake
slower moving vehicles. Passing maneuver in which faster vehicle move ahead of slower vehicles must
be accomplished on lanes regularly used by opposing traffic. If passing is to be accomplished safely, the
passing driver should be able to see a sufficient distance ahead, clear of traffic, to complete the passing
maneuver withoutcutting-off the passed vehicle before meeting an opposing vehicle that appears during
maneuver.
2) Activity 1: What I Know Chart, Part 1
What I Know Questions What I Learned (Activity 4)
1. What is passing sight

distance?
2. Differentiate stopping
sight distance from
passing sight distance.
This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION

1

B. MAIN LESSON
1) Activity 2: Content Notes
Passing Sight Distance (PSD) – is the minimum distance open to the vision of the driver of a vehicle
intending to overtake the slow vehicle ahead safely against the traffic in the opposite direction.
Important Assumptions:
• The overtaken vehicle travels at uniform speed.
• The passing vehicle has reduced speed and trails the overtaken vehicle as it enters a passing
section.
• The passing vehicle accelerates during maneuver and its average speed is 10 mph
higher than the overtaken vehicle.
• When the passing vehicle returns to its lane, there is suitable clearance length between
it and the oncoming vehicle in the other lane.
Passing Sight Distance on a Level Road Surface 𝑂𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑣𝑒ℎ𝑖𝑐𝑙𝑒

𝑎𝑝𝑝𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑠
𝑃𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑝𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑣𝑒ℎ𝑖𝑐𝑙𝑒
𝑉𝑒ℎ𝑖𝑐𝑙𝑒 A First 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑐ℎ𝑒𝑠 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝐴
Phase
𝑀𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑝𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑠𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡

𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒
A Second
Phase
𝑃𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑆𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡
𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒
where, 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑃𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑆𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 = 𝑑1 + 𝑑2 + 𝑑3 + 𝑑4

2

𝑑1 = distance traversed during perception and reaction time and during the initial acceleration to the point
of encroachment of the left lane.
𝑑2 = distance traveled while the passing vehicle occupies left lane
𝑑3 = distance between the passing vehicle at the end of its maneuver and the opposing vehicle,
𝑑4 = distance traversed by opposing vehicle for two-thirds of the time the passing vehicle occupies the left
lane or sometimes taken as 2/3 𝑑2.
Sample Problem:
Problem 1
Compute the passing sight distance that vehicle A could move while overtaking the slow-moving vehicle B
before meeting the on-coming vehicle C.
Speed of car A = 97 kph

Speed of car B = 80kph
Perception-reaction time = 2.5 sec
Average acceleration = 2.4 m/sec2
Time the passing vehicle occupies the left lane = 10.4 sec
Distance between the passing vehicle at the end of its maneuver and the opposing vehicle = 84 m
Solution:
𝑉A = 97/3.6 = 26.944 m/s speed of overtaking vehicle A
𝑉B = 80/3.6 = 22.222 m/s speed of slow-moving vehicle B
At the moment, the driver decides to overtake

𝑉A = 𝑉B = 24.44 m/s
1
𝑑1 = 𝑉𝐴 𝑡1 + 𝑎𝑡1 2
2
1
𝑑1 = 22.222(2.5) + 2 (2.4)(2.5)2
𝑑1 = 63.055 m

3

Vehicle A occupies left lane

𝑑2 = 𝑉A𝑡2
𝑑2 = 26.944(10.4)
𝑑2 = 280.218 m
𝑑3 = 84 m
2
𝑑4 = (280.218)
3
𝑑4 = 186.812 m
𝑃𝑆𝐷 = 63.055 + 280.218 + 84 + 186.812
𝑷𝑺𝑫 = 𝟔𝟏𝟒. 𝟎𝟖𝟓 𝐦
2) Activity 3: Skill-building Activities
Problem 1
Compute the minimum passing sight distance for the following data:
Speed of the passing car = 90 kph
Speed of the overtaken vehicle = 80 kph
Time of initial maneuver = 4 sec
Average acceleration = 2.4 kph/sec
Time passing vehicle occupies the left lane = 9 sec
Problem 2
Compute the passing sight distance for the following data:
Speed of the passing vehicle = 26.67 m/s
Speed of the overtaken vehicle = 24.44 m/s
Time of initial maneuver = 4.3 sec
Average acceleration = 1.473 mph/sec
Time of passing vehicle occupies the left lane = 10.4 sec

4

3) Activity 4: What I Know Chart, Part 2
Proceed to What I Know Chart for this part.
4) Activity 5: Check for Understanding
PROBLEM SET #1:
1. Compute the passing sight distance that vehicle X could move while overtaking the slow-moving
vehicle B before meeting the on-coming vehicle Y.
Speed of car X = 90 kph
Speed of car Y = 82 kph
Average acceleration = 2.4 m/sec2
Time the passing vehicle occupies the left lane = 10.4 sec
2. Calculate the stopping sight distance on a descending gradient of 2% for a design speed of 80kph.
Assume f = 0.35.
3. Determine the minimum stopping sight distance on a -3.8% grade for a design speed of 100 kph.
Coefficient of friction between tires and pavement is 0.28. Driver’s reaction time (including perception
time) is 2.5 sec.
4. Compute the total stopping distance that a car moves during the accident based on the following data:
Initial velocity of car = 60 kph
Final velocity when it stops = 0 kph
Coefficient of friction between tires and pavement = 0.15
Slope of roadway = -2%
5. Compute the minimum required sight distance to avoid a collision for two-way traffic with single lane
with a car approaching from the opposite directions if both cars are moving at a speed of 80 kph. Total
perception and reaction time is 2.5 sec. Coefficient of friction is 0.40 and brake efficiency is 50%.

5

C. LESSON WRAP-UP
1) Activity 6: Thinking about Learning
A. Work Tracker
You are done with this session! Let’s track your progress. Shade the session number you just
completed.
P1 P2 P3
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
KEY TO CORRECTIONS:
Activity 3
1. 380 m
2. 649.46 m

6

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CIE 128: Principles of Transportation Engineering

Student Activity Sheet #5

Name: __________________________________________________________________________ Class number: ________

Lesson title: Passing Sight Distance on a Level Road Materials:

2) Activity 1: What I Know Chart, Part 1

What I Know Questions What I Learned (Activity 4)

1. What is passing sight

This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION

Name: __________________________________________________________________________ Class number: ________

Passing Sight Distance on a Level Road Surface 𝑂𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑣𝑒ℎ𝑖𝑐𝑙𝑒

𝑀𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑝𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑠𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡

This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION

Name: __________________________________________________________________________ Class number: ________

Speed of car A = 97 kph

At the moment, the driver decides to overtake

This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION

Name: __________________________________________________________________________ Class number: ________

Vehicle A occupies left lane

2) Activity 3: Skill-building Activities

This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION

Name: __________________________________________________________________________ Class number: ________

3) Activity 4: What I Know Chart, Part 2

Proceed to What I Know Chart for this part.

4) Activity 5: Check for Understanding

PROBLEM SET #1:

This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION

Name: __________________________________________________________________________ Class number: ________

This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION

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