A

REPORT
ON
STUDENT INDUSTRIAL WORK EXPERIENCE SCHEME
(SIWES)

WRITTEN BY

OGUOMA PRINCE SOLOMON

16/184145032TR
DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE
FACULTY OF PHYSICAL SCIENCES
UNIVERSITY OF CALABAR,
CALABAR.

SUBMITTED TO

DR. DAVID O. EGETE

INDUSTRIAL TRAINING CORDINATOR
DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE
FACULTY OF PHYSICAL SCIENCES
UNIVERSITY OF CALABAR,
CALABAR.
MAY, 2023
 CERTIFICATION
This is to certify that this SIWES report is an original work written by
OGUOMA PRINCE SOLOMON With matriculation number 16/184145032TR
and was carried out under the supervision of the under listed persons

Dr. David O. Egete

INDUSTRIAL TRAINING COORDINATOR

MR. DENIS ASHISHIE

ASSISTANT COORDINATOR

Associate Prof. Iwara I. Arikpo

HEAD OF DEPARTMENT
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I am grateful to God for the opportunity to complete my industrial training at FZX
MEDIA. His grace has been sufficient for me throughout the entire duration of my
training. I am humbled by His love, guidance, and protection.
To my family, I want to express my heartfelt appreciation for your unending
support, encouragement, and prayers. You have been a great source of inspiration
to me, and your unwavering belief in me has been a driving force towards my
success. I cannot thank you enough for the sacrifices you made to ensure that I
complete my training successfully.
To FZX media, I want to express my sincere gratitude for the knowledge, skills,
and experience that I have gained during my industrial training. The organization
provided me with a conducive environment to learn and grow, and I am truly
grateful for the opportunity to work alongside such a supportive and experienced
team.

ABSTRACT
This report presents an in-depth analysis of networking technologies a knowledge
gained during my industrial training program. The study explores the networking
architecture, protocols, and devices used in networking. The primary objective of
the report is to summarize my experience gained in networking technologies
during the cause of industrial training.

TABLE OF CONTENT

CERTIFICATION

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

ABSTRACT
CHAPTER ONE: GENERAL INTRODUCTION

1.1 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF SIWES

1.2 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES OF SIWES

CHAPTER TWO

2:0 Description of the establishment of attachment.

2.1Organization information
2.2Service rendered by the organization

CHAPTER THREE: KNOWLEDGE AND EXPERIENCE ACQUIRED

3.1. Networking Fundamentals
3.2. Network protocols
3.3.Networking Equipment
3.4 IP ADDRESSING

CHAPTER FOUR: SKILL ACQUIRED AND CHALLENGES

ENCOUNTERED
4.1 TECHNICAL SKILLS ACQUIRED
4.2 SOCIAL FUNCTIONAL SKILS ACQUIRED
4.3 CHALLENGES ENCOUNTERED

CHAPTER FIVE: SUMMARRY AND CONCLUSION

5.0 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION
4.1 RECOMMENDATION
4.2 TO THE ORGANISATION I WORKED WITH
4.3 TO THE DEPARTMENT
4.4 TO THE GOVERNMENT

CHAPTER ONE
1.0 GENERAL INTRODUCTION
SIWES (Student Industrial Work Experience Scheme) is a skilled program
designed to give university student a firsthand industrial work experience which
may be needed after school.
In the view of this, I am required to undergo a 6-months work experience under
SIWES as a requirement to complete my B.sc program in computer science.
Nevertheless, this training was divided into two (2) sections, the first was after my
second semester of my second year and the second was after my second semester
third year.

1.1 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF SIWES

SIWES was established by ITF in 1973 to solve the problem of lack of adequate
practical skills preparatory for employment in industries by Nigerian graduates of
tertiary institutions.
The Scheme exposes students to industry based skills necessary for a smooth
transition from the classroom to the world of work. It affords students of tertiary
institutions the opportunity of being familiarized and exposed to the needed
experience in handling machinery and equipment which are usually not available
in the educational institutions.
Participation in SIWES has become a necessary pre-condition for the award of
Diploma and Degree certificates in specific disciplines in most institutions of
higher learning in the country, in accordance with the education policy of
government.
Beneficiaries -Undergraduate students of the following: Agriculture, Engineering,
Technology, Environmental, Science, Education, Medical Science and Pure and
Applied Sciences.
Duration - Four months for Polytechnics and Colleges of Education, and Six
months for the Universities.

1.2 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES OF SIWES

 To .provide students with relevant practical experience.
 To satisfy accreditation requirements set by the Nigerian Universities
Commission (NUC)
 To familiarize students with typical environments in which they are likely to
function professionally after graduation.
 To provide student an opportunity to see the real world of their discipline and
consequently bridge the gap between the University work and actual practice.
 To change the orientation of students towards labour market when seeking for
job.
 To help students access area of interest and suitability for their chosen
profession.
 To enhance students contact for future employment
 To provide access to equipment and other facilities that would not normally be
available in the University workshop
 To enlist and enhance industry involvement in university education.
 Summarily the objective of the Student Industrial Work Experience Scheme.
 To solve, the problem of inadequate practical skills, preparatory for
employment in industries by Nigerian graduates of tertiary institution.
 To promote and encourage the acquisition of skills in industry and commerce,
with a view of generating a pool of indigenous trained manpower sufficient to
meet the needs of the economy.
CHAPTER TWO:

2:0 DESCRIPTION OF THE ESTABLISHMENT OF ATTACHMENT.

FZX Media Consulting LTD is a company that specializes in providing ICT and
consultancy services. They have undertaken numerous projects of global
significance, such as developing Smart City solutions that center on automating
ICT processes for Cross River State. They have also designed and constructed the
FZX Smart Campus, which involved migrating all of the University of Calabar's
activities to an automated system. Furthermore, they have established fiber
infrastructure connections and developed top-notch software that exceed users'
expectations. Additionally, they offer cloud services, among other things. These
are just a few of their accomplishments.

2.1ORGANIZATION INFORMATION
NAME: FZXMEDIA
CONTACT: +234 803 900 8250-9
ADDRESS: Opp Apostolic Church Asa’iso Calabar
EMAIL: [email protected]

2.2SERVICE RENDERED BY THE ORGANIZATION

 Network System Analysis and Design

 Telecommunications Services
 Network System Deployments
 Advanced Security
 System Integration
 Intrusion Detection and Hardening
CHAPTER THREE: WORK EXPERIENCE
3.0 Networking
In the context of computer technology, networking refers to the process of
connecting two or more computing devices together for the purpose of sharing
data, resources, and services. The primary goal of networking is to facilitate
communication and data exchange between devices, which enables individuals and
organizations to work collaboratively and share resources more efficiently.
Networking can be achieved through different types of physical and logical
connections, such as wired or wireless connections, LANs (local area networks),
WANs (wide area networks), the Internet, and cloud-based networks. Network
protocols and technologies, such as TCP/IP, Ethernet, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, and VPN,
play a critical role in enabling devices to communicate and share resources
securely and reliably.
Network are component involve in connecting computer and application across
small and large distance.
Each computer on the network has access to the files and peripheral device (such
as printers or modems) on all the other computers on the network.

3.1 Network Topology

Common topology found in networking includes mesh topology star topology, bus
topology, ring topology, and others.
Network topology refers to the layout of the transmission medium and devices on a
network. Topologies use either a point to point or multipoint connection scheme.

A connection scheme indicates how many devices are connected to a transmission

media segment or an individual cable.

An example of point-to-point connection scheme is a modem/ printer connected to

computer, direct cable connection between two computers.

An example of a multi point connection scheme is a star or bus topology network.

3.1.1 Star Topology

This is a local area network topology where all the nodes are connected
individually to a central connecting device called a hub or switch. Signals travel
from the nodes to the hub which then sends signals to other nodes on the network.
A star topology network is scale able –i.e. it can be design and redesign easily.

3.1.2 Bus Topology

A LAN topology where each node is connected to a single main bus cable, is
transmits data to all the nodes on the network. The bus is actually a series of cable
segments running from one node to the other. Break or faulty piece of cable
anywhere on the segment prevents all the computers on the segment from being
able to communicate.

3.1.3 Mesh Topology

This is a network topology where every node on the network has a separate wire
connecting it to every other node on the network. It provides each device with a
point-to-point connection to every other device in the network. This type of
network has a high fault tolerance because failure of one node does not affect data
transmission between other nodes.
3.2 TRANSMISSION MEDIA
Transmission media in networking refers to the physical pathways or channels that
are used to transmit data between devices on a network. Transmission media can
be categorized into

3.2.1 Wired Media

These are media which require the use of wires, lines and cables to transmit
communication signals. During my industrial training at NOC, I encountered
majorly three different types of wired network media namely:

1. Coaxial cable

A coaxial cable is an alternative for protecting data from noise. Coaxial cables do
not produce external electric and magnetic fields and are not affected by them.
This makes them ideally suited, although more expensive, for transmitting signals.
 2. Twisted pair cable

In a twisted pair there are eight copper wire that are coated with different colours;
the colours are mix/orange, orange, mix/blue, blue, mix/green, green, mix/brown
and brown.

These colours are very important when terminating cables. The two most common
ways of terminating Ethernet cables are:

(i) Straight-through method: In straight-through method, in any way you put

in your cable, the colour adopted at both ends must be the same.
(ii) cross-over method: In a cross-over method all you need to do is to
terminate one end with a straight rule method and the other end would be
that pin ‘1’ goes to pin ‘3’ and vice-versa, the pin ‘2’ then goes to pin ‘6’
and also vice-versa.

3. Fibre optic cable

Fibre optic is made of glass fibres instead of wire; it consists of a centre
glass core surrounded by several layers of protective material. The outer
insulating jacket is made of Teflon or PVC. The fibre optic cables transmit
light rather than electronic signals, thereby eliminating the problem of
electrical interference.
Optical fibres come in two types:
• Single-mode fibres • Multi-mode fibres

Single-mode fibres have small cores while

Multi-mode fibres have larger cores. Used for short-distance communication links.

3.2.2 Wireless Media

Wireless media carry electromagnetic signals that represent the binary digits of
data communications using radio or microwave frequencies.

As a networking medium, wireless is not restricted to conductors or pathways, as

are copper and fiber media. Wireless media provides the greatest mobility options
of all media. As well, the number of wireless enabled devices is continuously
increasing. For these reasons, wireless has become the medium of choice for home
networks. As network bandwidth options increase, wireless is quickly gaining in
popularity in enterprise networks.

The figure highlights various wireless related symbols.

However, wireless does have some areas of concern including:

 Coverage area: Wireless data communication technologies work well in

open environments. However, certain construction materials used in
buildings and structures, and the local terrain, will limit the effective
coverage.

 Interference: Wireless is susceptible to interference and can be disrupted by

such common devices as household cordless phones, some types of
fluorescent lights, microwave ovens, and other wireless communications.

 Security: Wireless communication coverage requires no access to a physical

strand of media. Therefore, devices and users who are not authorized for
access to the network can gain access to the transmission. Consequently,
network security is a major component of wireless network administration.

Although wireless is increasing in popularity for desktop connectivity, copper and

fiber are the most popular physical layer media for network deployments.

3.3 Network Equipment

networking equipment refers to the hardware devices used to establish
and maintain computer networks. These devices provide the necessary
 connectivity, security, and management functions required for effective
network operations. Here are some common types of networking
equipment:
1. Ethernet Radio

Is a device that sends and receive packets from one network to the other.

2. Router
A router is a device that forwards data packets between computer networks,
creating an overlay internetwork. A router is connected to two or more data
lines from different networks. When a data packet comes in one of the lines,
the router reads the address information in the packet to determine its
ultimate destination. Then, using information in its routing table or routing
policy, it directs the packet to the next network on its journey.
 3. Switch
A network switch is a computer networking device that connects network
segments or network devices. It serves mainly for extension.

4. Antenna
It’s a device that aid and enhances the signal strength and quality. Antennas are not
used alone; it is always attached to something mostly to an antennas. An antenna is
of two types in terms of direction Directional and Omni-directional. Directional
beams signal in one direction while Omni- directional beams signals in all
direction. Antennas are better propagated horizontally.

Unidirectional antenna parabolic grid antenna

 5. Twisted pair Cable
Twisted pair is the ordinary copper wire that connects home and many business
computers to the telephone company. To reduce crosstalk or electromagnetic
induction between pairs of wires, two insulated copper wires are twisted around
each other. Each connection on twisted pair requires both wires. Since some
telephone sets or desktop locations require multiple connections, twisted pair is
sometimes installed in two or more pairs, all within a single cable.

6. Connectors
Rj-45 plug is the common name for an 8P8C modular connector using 8
conductors which pin down wires in a twisted pair cable.

7. Crimping tool
Is a tool used to terminate category cables such as CAT1-CAT6 using an RJ-45
connector; it can also be used to cut cable to a desired length.

8. LAN cable tester

This is used to test if a category cable has been well terminated, or develop a fault.

3.4 IP ADDRESSING
An IP address is a unique identifier that is assigned to a host on a network. It is
also a unique identifier for a host or a node on a network. We have IPv4 and IPv6.
The most used being IPv4 (with 32bits).

3.4.1. Functions of IP Addressing

 For location of a device on the network
  It is assigned to allow hosts on one network to communicate to hosts on
another network
 IPv4 address is 32 bits divided in to four octets or bytes using dot ’.’

3.4.2. Classes of IPv4 Addresses

IPv4 which is 32bits has class ranges from class A-E

1. Class A
This Class address can only be between 0 and 127. All 0’s reserved for default
route and ‘127’ is reserved for trouble shooting –loop back, therefore in reality
Class A valid address range that can be assigned to host on a network is 10-126
2. Class B
Class B address can only be between 172 – 191

3. Class C
Class address can only be between 192 – 223
Class A-C is used for uncast.

4. Class D and E
Class D (224-239) used for multicasting
Class E (240-255) for research purposes

3.4.3. Broadcast Address

This is the address used to send data to all hosts on a broadcast domain.
When all the host bits are on (‘1’) this is a broadcast address for all hosts
255 are reserved for sending broadcast message.
3.4.4. Subnet ting
The basic function of sub-netting is to define the class boundary.
To create subnets you take bits from the host portion of the IP address and reserve
them to define the subnet address.

3.4.5. Subnet Mask

The subnet mask for class A ranges from 255.0.0.0
The subnet mask for class B ranges from 255.255.0.0
The subnet mask for class C ranges from 255.255.255.0
The first octet determines the class.
The ‘255’ above represent the network portion and the zeros represent the host
portion.

3.4.6. Private IP address ranges

The ranges and the amount of usable IP's are as follows:

10.0.0.0 - 10.255.255.255
Addresses: 16,777,216

172.16.0.0 - 172.31.255.255
Addresses: 1, 048, 5

CHAPTER FOUR: SKILL ACQUIRED AND CHALLENGES

ENCOUNTERED
4.0. TECHNICAL SKILLS ACQUIRED
1. Network infrastructure: Understanding the network infrastructure and its
components, such as routers, switches, firewalls, and access points, is
essential in networking.
 2. Network protocols: Familiarity with network protocols such as TCP/IP,
DNS, DHCP, SNMP, and ICMP is crucial in networking.

3. Network design: Being able to design and implement networks,

including LANs, WANs, and VLANs, is a vital skill in networking.

4. Network security: Understanding and implementing network security

measures, such as firewalls, VPNs, and intrusion detection systems, is
important for network security.

5. Network troubleshooting: Being able to identify and resolve network

issues quickly and efficiently is essential in networking.

6. Network performance monitoring: Monitoring network performance

using tools such as Wireshark, NetFlow, and SNMP is crucial for
maintaining network uptime and improving network performance.

4.1 SOCIAL FUNCTIONAL SKILS ACQUIRED

In addition to technical skills, below are some social skills acquired during your
industrial training:
1. Communication: My communication skills was developed through
regular interactions with my team members and instructors. This
includes both verbal and written communication, as well as active
listening.

2. Collaboration: my collaboration skill was also developed as a result

of working on projects with other student and team members, which
required me to collaborate effectively, share ideas, and work towards a
common goal.
 3. Time Management: Completing tasks on time and managing my
workload effectively is essential in my workplace. During my
industrial training, I learned how to prioritize tasks, manage my time,
and meet deadlines.

4. Problem Solving: I encountered problems or challenges during my

industrial training, which required me to think creatively and come up
with solutions. This involved analyzing problems, identifying potential
solutions, and implementing the best course of action.

4.2 CHALLENGES ENCOUNTERED

During my industrial training at FZX MEDIA, I encountered several challenges
that affected my learning experience. This challenges include:
1. Difficulties with transportation. The company was located far from my
home, and I had to spend a significant amount of time and money
commuting to the workplace. This affected my motivation and energy levels
during the training.
2. Furthermore, I encountered a supervisor who was often rude and dismissive
of my questions and concerns. This created a negative work environment
and made it difficult for me to seek guidance and support when I needed it.
3. Another challenge I faced was the lack of a laptop to grasp the coding skills
necessary for the job. This was particularly challenging, as the job required
significant technical skills that I was unable to acquire without access to the
necessary resources.
Despite these challenges, I was able to adapt and find ways to overcome them. For
instance, I sought out additional resources online to supplement my learning, and I
communicated my concerns about my supervisor's behavior to the HR department.
In the end, the experience taught me valuable lessons about perseverance,
resilience, and adaptability in the workplace.

CHAPTER FIVE: SUMMARRY AND CONCLUSION

The industrial training program at FZX MEDIA was a valuable learning
experience that provided me with practical skills and knowledge in the field of
networking. The program's objectives were successfully achieved, and I was able
to gain valuable insights into the industry's best practices.
The program's curriculum was well-structured and provided a balance between
theoretical concepts and practical application. The training facilities were well-
equipped, and the trainers were experienced and knowledgeable. The program
provided a conducive learning environment that allowed trainees to interact with
industry experts and gain valuable insights into the industry.
In conclusion, the industrial training program at FZXMEDIA was a success, and it
provided me with the necessary skills and knowledge required to succeed in the
field of networking.

5.1 RECOMMENDATION
5.2 TO THE ORGANISATION I WORKED WITH
I will like to take a moment to express my sincere gratitude for the opportunity to
do my industrial training with your company. My time at FZX media has been an
incredibly valuable experience, and I am grateful for the guidance and support I
have received from the entire team.
Based on my industrial training experience at FZX media, I would like to
recommend that the organization consider minimizing the industrial training period
for industrial training student by teaching all aspects of networking.
During my training period, I observed that some student spent considerable amount
of time in one particular location at FZX media, rather than rotating to all
department to give a thorough knowledge of all the happenings at
To mitigate this challenge, I suggest that FZX media consider a more streamlined
approach to training, which covers all aspects of networking, by allowing student
spend at least one week in each department before going to another department.

5.3 TO THE DEPARTMENT

I want to express my sincere appreciation for the backings and support I have
received as a student from the department of computer science.
I will like to recommend to the department on how they could further enhance the
industrial training opportunities available to students. Specifically, I believe that
the program could be expanded to include opportunities in other states, beyond
Calabar.
While I appreciate the opportunities that have been available to me through the
network of tech companies situated in Calabar, I believe that there is value in
exploring companies and organizations outside of our immediate area. By
broadening the scope of the industrial training program, students could gain
exposure to different industries, technologies, and work environments, and learn
from professionals with diverse perspectives and experiences.
I understand that this expansion would require additional resources and
coordination, but I believe that it would be a worthwhile investment in the
education and professional development of computer science students.

5.4 TO THE GOVERNMENT

Much appreciation must be given to the government for instituting a scheme as
this, it has created opportunity to have a practical knowledge of what is been taught
in class.
However, IT firms in Nigeria should be facilitated or better still, good IT firms can
be built to enhance learning of smart and digital skills.
More so, stipends allocated for the period of this exercise should be paid on time.