Stats Chap 1 Theory
Stats Chap 1 Theory
Stats Chap 1 Theory
1) Registration method
2) census enumeration method
Registration method
For eg. f a child is born, the matter is reported to the health authoities
along with the information like sex of the child, age of the mother,
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regarding age, sex, literacy occupation, religion, martial status,
monthly income and other details are recorded.
3. Used by Researchers:
Records of vital statistics are useful indemographic research.
For eg. Research in medicines
by pharmacists for diseases like
Aids, cancer etc.
4. Used by organisations
Records concerning of all possible factors contributing to deaths
in various ages are essential in all "life insurance" schemes.
Fertility:
Fertility refers to the births occurring to women of child
bearing
age i.e ( 15-49)yrs
Fecundity:
Fecundity refers to "
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Fertility rates
The different types of
fertility rates are
1) Crude Birth Rate (C.B.R)
2) General Fertility Rate ( G.F.R.)
3) Age Specific Fertility Rate( A.S.F.R)
4) Total Fertility Rate (TFR)
Disadvantages:
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It is given by
G.F.R. =
No. of live births x 1000
Total female population in child bearing age
Advantages:
1) It considers only female population in the child bearing age.
2) It considers the sex
composition of the population and also the
age composition to a certain extent.
Disadvantages:
1) it does not consider age composition in the child bearing age.
2) it cannot be used to
compare fertility rates of two or more
populations.
Advantages:
1. It considers both age and
composition of the population.
sex
2. It can be used for comparison of
fertility among the age groups in
the same population.
3. It is used in computation of T.F.R.
Disadvantages:
1) it cannot be used for comparison of fertility of different
populations.
2) it does not indicate the
growth of population due to births.
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It is given by
T.F.R. 5X A.S.F.R
Advantages:
1. It is used for comparing the fertility rates of different
populations.
2. It gives due weightage to age composition.
Disadvantages:
Reproduction Rates:
The fertility rates are unsuitable for giving an idea of the rate of
growth of population because they ignore the sex of the newly born
child and their mortality.
If mortality is ignored we may not get the correct rate of growth
of population.
reproduction rates.
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G.R.R.
children
It is defined as
"
It is given by
G.R.R=ix W.S.F.R
If G.R.R. is 1, it indicates that the current generation of females will
maintain itself.
Advantages:
1. It is useful for comparing fertility in different areas or in the same
Disadvantages
1) It ignores the current mortality
N.R.R.
It is d e f i n e d a s " t h e a v e r a g e n u m b e r of d a u g h t e r s t h a t w o u l d b e b o r n t o
It is given by,
N.R.R i x W.S.F.R XS
Advantages
1. It takes into account current fertility and current mortality.
2. It will show a tendency of increase or decrease in population.
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Disadvantages:
1. It does not
consider age and sex distribution of the population.
2.It cannot be used to
compare mortality of different
populations.
A.S.D.R.:
It is defined the
average no of deaths occurring in a given age
as
A.S.D.R. =
No of deaths in a specific age group x10000
Total population in that specific age group
Advantages:
1. It considers age composition of the
population.
2. It is used in the computation of S.T.D.R..
Disadvantages
1) A.S.D.R. cannot be used for overall comparison of mortality in
two different regions.
2) It ignores social and occupational factors.
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Disadvantages:
1) It assumes constant rates of fertility and mortality over a generation
Mortality:
Measurement of mortality:
The following the
are
important measures of mortality
1) Crude Death Rate ( C.D.R.)
2) Age Specific Death Rate (A.S.D.R.)
3) Standardized Death Rate (St. D.R.)
4) Infant Mortality Rate ( I.M.R.)
5) Neo-natal Mortality Rate ( N. M. R.)
6) Maternal Mortality Rate ( M .M. R.)
Disadvantages:
1) It requires standard population and it is difficult to select std.
population.
births
It is given by,
births.
N.M.R. Number of deaths among neo natalbabiesx 1000
Total number of live births
Here, neonatal babies means babies aged less than 28 days
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Maternal Mortality Rate ( M. M. R)
It is defiend as " average number of d e a t h s among mothers due to
Life tables:
diminished by deaths.
Cohort: Cohort is a group of individuals who are born at the same tinme
and who experience the same motality conditions.
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3. It is used for estimating the future population.
4. It is used by the governments and private sorganisations.
5. It is used for analyzing the effects of mortality.
lo is the radix.
Ix: The no. of persons living at age x. Thus,
x, who die before
dx: The no of persons among lx persons reaching age
Lx
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