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    ch09 Records (Structs)

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    Anas Sha'arani
    This chapter discusses records (structs) in C++. A struct allows the creation of user-defined data types that group together data of different types under a single name. The chapter covers defining and declaring structs, accessing struct members, assigning struct variables, passing structs to functions, nesting arrays and structs within structs, and comparing struct variables.

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    ch09 Records (Structs)

    Uploaded by

    Anas Sha'arani
    21 views22 pages
    This chapter discusses records (structs) in C++. A struct allows the creation of user-defined data types that group together data of different types under a single name. The chapter covers defining and declaring structs, accessing struct members, assigning struct variables, passing structs to functions, nesting arrays and structs within structs, and comparing struct variables.

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    ch09 Records (structs)

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    This chapter discusses records (structs) in C++. A struct allows the creation of user-defined data types that group together data of different types under a single name. The chapter covers defining and declaring structs, accessing struct members, assigning struct variables, passing structs to functions, nesting arrays and structs within structs, and comparing struct variables.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    21 views22 pages

    ch09 Records (Structs)

    Uploaded by

    Anas Sha'arani
    This chapter discusses records (structs) in C++. A struct allows the creation of user-defined data types that group together data of different types under a single name. The chapter covers defining and declaring structs, accessing struct members, assigning struct variables, passing structs to functions, nesting arrays and structs within structs, and comparing struct variables.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 22

    Chapter 9:

    Records (structs)
    Objectives
    • In this chapter, you will:
    – Learn about records (structs)
    – Examine various operations on a struct
    – Manipulate data using a struct
    – Learn about the relationship between a struct
    and functions
    – Examine the difference between arrays and
    structs

    C++ Programming: From Problem Analysis to Program Design, Seventh Edition 2


    Objectives (cont’d.)

    – Discover how arrays are used in a struct


    – Learn how to create an array of struct items
    – Learn how to create structs within structs

    C++ Programming: From Problem Analysis to Program Design, Seventh Edition 3


    Records (structs)
    • struct: collection of a fixed number of
    components (members), accessed by name
    – Members may be of different types
    • Syntax:

    C++ Programming: From Problem Analysis to Program Design, Seventh Edition 4


    Records (structs) (cont’d.)
    • A struct is a definition, not a declaration
    – Must declare a variable of that type to use it

    C++ Programming: From Problem Analysis to Program Design, Seventh Edition 5


    Records (structs) (cont’d.)

    C++ Programming: From Problem Analysis to Program Design, Seventh Edition 6


    Accessing struct Members
    • Syntax to access a struct member:

    • The dot (.) is called the member access


    operator

    C++ Programming: From Problem Analysis to Program Design, Seventh Edition 7


    Accessing struct Members (cont’d.)
    • To initialize the members of newStudent:
    newStudent.GPA = 0.0;
    newStudent.firstName = "John";
    newStudent.lastName = "Brown";

    C++ Programming: From Problem Analysis to Program Design, Seventh Edition 8


    Assignment
    • Value of one struct variable can be
    assigned to another struct variable of the
    same type using an assignment statement
    • The statement:
    student = newStudent;
    copies the contents of newStudent into
    student

    C++ Programming: From Problem Analysis to Program Design, Seventh Edition 9


    Assignment (cont’d.)
    • The assignment statement:
    student = newStudent;

    is equivalent to the following statements:


    student.firstName = newStudent.firstName;
    student.lastName = newStudent.lastName;
    student.courseGrade = newStudent.courseGrade;
    student.testScore = newStudent.testScore;
    student.programmingScore = newStudent.programmingScore;
    student.GPA = newStudent.GPA;

    C++ Programming: From Problem Analysis to Program Design, Seventh Edition 10


    Comparison (Relational Operators)
    • Compare struct variables member-wise
    – No aggregate relational operations allowed
    • To compare the values of student and
    newStudent:

    C++ Programming: From Problem Analysis to Program Design, Seventh Edition 11


    Input/Output
    • No aggregate input/output operations on a
    struct variable
    • Data in a struct variable must be read or
    written one member at a time
    • Example: output newStudent contents

    C++ Programming: From Problem Analysis to Program Design, Seventh Edition 12


    struct Variables and Functions
    • A struct variable can be passed as a
    parameter by value or by reference
    • A function can return a value of type struct

    C++ Programming: From Problem Analysis to Program Design, Seventh Edition 13


    Arrays versus structs

    C++ Programming: From Problem Analysis to Program Design, Seventh Edition 14


    Arrays in structs

    • Two items are associated with a list:


    – Values (elements)
    – Length of the list
    • Define a struct containing both items:

    C++ Programming: From Problem Analysis to Program Design, Seventh Edition 15


    Arrays in structs (cont’d.)

    C++ Programming: From Problem Analysis to Program Design, Seventh Edition 16


    Arrays in structs (cont’d.)

    C++ Programming: From Problem Analysis to Program Design, Seventh Edition 17


    structs in Arrays

    • Example:

    C++ Programming: From Problem Analysis to Program Design, Seventh Edition 18


    structs in Arrays (cont’d.)

    C++ Programming: From Problem Analysis to Program Design, Seventh Edition 19


    structs within a struct

    C++ Programming: From Problem Analysis to Program Design, Seventh Edition 20


    Summary
    • struct: collection of a fixed number of
    components
    • Components can be of different types
    – Called members
    – Accessed by name
    • struct is a reserved word
    • No memory is allocated for a struct
    – Memory when variables are declared

    C++ Programming: From Problem Analysis to Program Design, Seventh Edition 21


    Summary (cont’d.)
    • Dot (.) operator: member access operator
    – Used to access members of a struct
    • The only built-in operations on a struct are the
    assignment and member access
    • Neither arithmetic nor relational operations are
    allowed on structs
    • A struct can be passed by value or reference
    • A function can return a value of type struct
    • structs can be members of other structs

    C++ Programming: From Problem Analysis to Program Design, Seventh Edition 22

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