Syllabus For Maths Optional in Upsc-1

UPSC MAINS Math Optional Syllabus
PART-I
(1) Linear Algebra
MATHEMATICS PAPER I Vector spaces over R and C, linear dependence and independence, subspaces, bases,
dimensions, Linear transformations, rank and nullity, matrix of a linear transformation. Algebra of Matrices; Row and
column reduction, Echelon form, congruence’s and similarity; Rank of a matrix; Inverse of a matrix; Solution of system
of linear equations; Eigenvalues and eigenvectors, characteristic polynomial, Cayley-Hamilton theorem, Symmetric,
skew-symmetric, Hermitian, skew Hermitian, orthogonal and unitary matrices and their eigenvalues.
(2) Calculus
Real numbers, functions of a real variable, limits, continuity, differentiability, mean-value theorem, Taylor’s theorem
with remainders, indeterminate forms, maxima and minima, asymptotes; Curve tracing; Functions of two or three
variables; Limits, continuity, partial derivatives, maxima and minima, Lagrange’s method of multipliers, Jacobian.
Riemann’s definition of definite integrals; Indefinite integrals; Infinite and improper integral; Double and triple integrals
(evaluation techniques only); Areas, surface and volumes.
(3) Analytic Geometry

Cartesian and polar coordinates in three dimensions, second degree equations in three variables, reduction to Canonical
forms; straight lines, shortest distance between two skew lines, Plane, sphere, cone, cylinder, paraboloid, ellipsoid,
hyperboloid of one and two sheets and their properties.
(4) Ordinary Differential Equations

Formulation of differential equations; Equations of first order and first degree, integrating factor; Orthogonal trajectory;
Equations of first order but not of first degree, Clairaut’s equation, singular solution. Second and higher order liner
equations with constant coefficients, complementary function, particular integral and general solution. Section order
linear equations with variable coefficients, Euler-Cauchy equation; Determination of complete solution when one
solution is known using method of variation of parameters. Laplace and Inverse Laplace transforms and their properties,
Laplace transforms of elementary functions. Application to initial value problems for 2nd order linear equations with
constant coefficients.
1|Page
(5) Dynamics and Statics
Rectilinear motion, simple harmonic motion, motion in a plane, projectiles; Constrained motion; Work and energy,
conservation of energy; Kepler’s laws, orbits under central forces. Equilibrium of a system of particles; Work and
potential energy, friction, Common catenary; Principle of virtual work; Stability of equilibrium, equilibrium of forces
in three dimensions.
(6) Vector Analysis

Scalar and vector fields, differentiation of vector field of a scalar variable; Gradient, divergence and curl in cartesian
and cylindrical coordinates; Higher order derivatives; Vector identities and vector equation. Application to geometry :
Curves in space, curvature and torsion; Serret-Furenet's formulae. Gauss and Stokes’ theorems, Green's indentities.
PAPER II
(1) Algebra:
Groups, subgroups, cyclic groups, cosets, Lagrange’s Theorem, normal subgroups, quotient groups, homomorphism of
groups, basic isomorphism theorems, permutation groups, Cayley’s theorem. Rings, subrings and ideals,
homomorphisms of rings; Integral domains, principal ideal domains, Euclidean domains and unique factorization
domains; Fields, quotient fields.
(2) Real Analysis:

Real number system as an ordered field with least upper bound property; Sequences, limit of a sequence, Cauchy
sequence, completeness of real line; Series and its convergence, absolute and conditional convergence of series of real
and complex terms, rearrangement of series. Continuity and uniform continuity of functions, properties of continuous
functions on compact sets. Riemann integral, improper integrals; Fundamental theorems of integral calculus. Uniform
convergence, continuity, differentiability and integrability for sequences and series of functions; Partial derivatives of
functions of several (two or three) variables, maxima and minima.
(3) Complex Analysis:

Analytic function, Cauchy-Riemann equations, Cauchy's theorem, Cauchy's integral formula, power series,
representation of an analytic function, Taylor’s series; Singularities; Laurent’s series; Cauchy’s residue theorem;
Contour integration.
(4) Linear Programming:

Linear programming problems, basic solution, basic feasible solution and optimal solution; Graphical method and
simplex method of solutions; Duality. Transportation and assignment problems.
(5) Partial Differential Equations:

Family of surfaces in three dimensions and formulation of partial differential equations; Solution of quasilinear partial
differential equations of the first order, Cauchy’s method of characteristics; Linear partial differential equations of the
second order with constant coefficients, canonical form; Equation of a vibrating string, heat equation, Laplace equation
and their solutions.
2|Page
(6) Numerical Analysis and Computer Programming:
Numerical methods: Solution of algebraic and transcendental equations of one variable by bisection, Regula-Falsi and
Newton-Raphson methods, solution of system of linear equations by Gaussian Elimination and Gauss-Jorden (direct),
Gauss-Seidel (iterative) methods. Newton’s (forward and backward) and interpolation, Lagrange’s interpolation.
Numerical integration: Trapezoidal rule, Simpson’s rule, Gaussian quadrature formula. Numerical solution of ordinary
differential equations: Eular and Runga Kutta methods. Computer Programming: Binary system; Arithmetic and logical
operations on numbers; Octal and Hexadecimal Systems; Conversion to and from decimal Systems; Algebra of binary
numbers. Elements of computer systems and concept of memory; Basic logic gates and truth tables, Boolean algebra,
normal forms. Representation of unsigned integers, signed integers and reals, double precision reals and long integers.
Algorithms and flow charts for solving numerical analysis problems.
(7) Mechanics and Fluid Dynamics:

Generalised coordinates; D’Alembert’s principle and Lagrange’s equations; Hamilton equations; Moment of inertia;
Motion of rigid bodies in two dimensions. Equation of continuity; Euler’s equation of motion for inviscid flow; Stream-
lines, path of a particle; Potential flow; Two-dimensional and axisymmetric motion; Sources and sinks, vortex motion;
Navier Stokes equation for a viscous fluid.
3|Page

Syllabus For Maths Optional in Upsc-1

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Syllabus For Maths Optional in Upsc-1

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Syllabus For Maths Optional in Upsc-1

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

UPSC MAINS Math Optional Syllabus

(3) Analytic Geometry

(4) Ordinary Differential Equations

(6) Vector Analysis

(2) Real Analysis:

(3) Complex Analysis:

(4) Linear Programming:

(5) Partial Differential Equations:

(7) Mechanics and Fluid Dynamics:

You might also like