Chapter - 8 Redox

Redox
Reactions
Reactions
FAST TRACK : QUICK REVISION

Oxidation and Reduction :

Oxidation Reduction

1. Addition of oxygen. 1. Removal of oxygen.
2. Removal an Hydrogen. 2. Addition of Hydrogen.
3. Addition of an electronegative 3. Removal of an electronegative
element. element.
4. Removal of an electropositive 4. Addition of an electropositive
element. element.
5. Loss of electron(s). 5. Gain of electron(s).
6. Increase in oxidation number. 6. Decrease in oxidation number.

 Reducing Agent : Reduce other substance and oxidise itself.

 Oxidising Agent : Oxidise other substance but reduce itself.
 Redox Reaction : Reactions in which oxidation and reduction takes place
simultaneously.
 Oxidation Number : It is charge that an atom appears to have in a given
species when the bonding electron are counted towards more electro-
negative atom.
 Calculation of Oxidation Number :
(a) Oxidation number of all the elements in their elemental form (in
standard state) is taken as zero. Oxidation number of element in a
molecule Cl2, F2, O2, P4, O3, Fe, H2, N2, C (graphite) is zero.
(b) Common Oxidation number of elements of first group is +1. Common
Oxidation number of elements of second group + 2.
(c) For ions composed of only one atom, the oxidation number is equal
to the charge on the ion.
 (d) The oxidation number of oxygen in most compounds is – 2. While in
peroxides (e.g., H2O2, Na2O2), each oxygen atom is assigned an
oxidation number of – 1, in super oxides (e.g., KO2, RbO2) each
oxygen atom is assigned an oxidation number of – (½).
(e) In oxygen difluoride (OF2) and dioxygen difluoride (O2F2), the oxygen
is assigned an oxidation number of + 2 and + 1, respectively.
(f) The oxidation number of hydrogen is + 1 but in metal hydride its
oxidation no. is – 1.
(g) In all its compounds, fluorine has an oxidation number of – 1.
(h) The algebraic sum of the oxidation number of all the atoms in a
compound must be zero.
(i) In polyatomic ion, the algebraic sum of all the oxidation numbers of
atoms of the ion must equal the charge on the ion.
 Types of Redox Reactions:
(i) Combination Reaction : 0 0 +2 –3
3 Mg (s) + N2 (g) →
∆ Mg N (s)
3 2
(ii) Decomposition Reaction : +1 +5 – 2 +1–1 0
2KClO3(s) →
∆ 2 KC1(s) + 3O2 (g)
(iii) Metal Displacement : + 2 + 6 – 2 0 +2+6–2 0
CuSO4 (aq) + Zn(s) → ZnSO4 (aq) + Cu (s)
(iv) Non-metal displacement : 0 +1–2 +2–2+1 0
Ca (s) + 2 H2O (1) → Ca (OH)2 + H2 (g)
(v) Disproportionation reactions : It is a reaction in which same
element is reduced and oxidized simultaneously.
0 –1 +1
C12 (g) + 2 OH– (aq) → Cl– (aq) + ClO– (aq) + H2O (1)

 Stock Notation : Representing oxidation number of metal in Roman

numerals within parenthesis after the symbol or name of metal in the
molecular formula or name of a compound. For e.g., Stock Notation of
Ferric oxide is Fe2(III)O3 or Iron (III) oxide.
 Fractional Oxidation Number : When two or more atoms of an element
are present in different oxidation states, then calculated oxidation number
may comes out as fractional due to average of all the different oxidation
states.

160 Chemistry Class XI

 In reality no element can have a fractional oxidation state.
 Balancing of Redox Reactions :
(A) Oxidation number method
(B) Half reaction method
 Electrode Potential (E) : Potential difference between electrode and
electrolytic solution due to charge separation.
 Standard Electrode Potential (Eθ) : Electrode Potential measured at 298
K and 1M concentration of metal ions (or 1 bar pressure of gas).
 Electrochemical Cell : A device in which chemical energy of a spontaneous
redox reaction is converted into electrical energy.

Cell diagram: Zn | Zn2+ || Cu2+ | Cu

LHS oxidation, Zn → Zn2+ + 2e–
RHS reduction Cu2+ + 2e– → Cu
Overall reaction Zn(s) + Cu2+ (aq) → Zn2+ (aq) + Cu(s)
 Representation of an Electrochemical cell :
———— Flow of electrons ———→
←———— Flow of current ———
Zn(s) | Zn2+ (aq) || Cu2+(aq) | Cu(s)

Left Electrode Salt Bridge Right Electrode

LOAN Oxidation Reduction
Anode Cathode
Negative Positive

 Functions of Salt Bridge : (i) To complete inner circuit. (ii) To maintain

electrical neutrality around electrodes.

Redox Reactions 161

 MIND MAP : REDOX REACTIONS

162
REDOX
REACTION
ELECTROCHEMICAL
2+ 2+
Zn |Zn | |Cu |Cu
REDUCTION OXIDATION ° °
E°Cell = E – E°L = ECathode – E Anode

Zn + Cu2+ Zn2+ + Cu
2+
 Addition of Hydrogen  Addition of oxygen Types of Redox Reaction
E = E°Cell – 0.0591 log [Zn 2+]
Na + H2  NaH Mg + O2  MgO  Combination Reactioin Cell 2 [Cu ]
O O
+4 –2
C + O2  C O2
 Addition of electropositive element E °Cell = 0 At equilibrium

Chemistry Class XI
 Addition of electronegative
2HgCl2 + SnCl2  Hg2Cl2 + SnCl4 element  Decomposition Reaction ECell < 0 Non spontaneous reaction
+5 O
–2 –1
Mg + F2  MgF2 2KCl O3  2KCl + 3O2 ECell > 0 Spontaneous reaction
 Removal of Oxygen
2HgO  2Hg(l) + O2(g)  Removal of Hydrogen  Displacement Reaction

 Removal of electronegative element

2H2S + O2  2S + 2H2O a) Metal Displacement
2FeCl3 + H2  2FeCl2 + 2HCl  Removal of electronegative Cr2O3 + 2Al  Al2O3 + 2Cr
element b) Non-Metal Displacement
 Gain of electron or decrease in
2K4[Fe(CN)6] + H2O2  2Na + 2H2O  2NaOH + H2
oxidation number
+ – 2K3[Fe(CN)6] + 2KOH
2Na + Cl2  2NaCl  Disproportionation Reaction
Cl get reduced  Loss of electron or increase in H2O2  2H2O + O2
oxidation number
+ –
2Na + Cl2  Na Cl
Oxidant or Oxidising Agents Na — oxidise
Substance which get reduced and help
to oxidise other substance.

Reduction / Reducing Agent

Substance which get oxidised itself but
help to reduce others substance is called
Reducing Agent / Reductant.
 CASE BASED STUDY - QUESTIONS
1. Read the given passage and answer the questions.
Redox reactions are reactions in which oxidation and reduction takes place
simultaneously. Oxidation number are assigned in accordance with the
set of rules. Oxidation number and ion electron methods both are used in
balancing ionic equations. Redox reactions are classified as combination,
decomposition, displacement and disproportionation reactions. The
concept of redox couple and electrode processes is basis of electrolysis and
electrochemical cells.
(a) What are oxidation number of each individual Br in Br3O82− ?

Ans. +6, +4, +6

(b) If electrolysis of CuSO4, solution is carried out using Cu electrodes,

what will be reaction taking place at anode.
Ans. Cu → Cu2+ + 2e–
(c) What is oxidation number of Cr in CrOs?

Ans. +6

 It has peroxide linkage.

(d) Give one example of disproportionation reaction.
Ans. 2Cu+ → Cu2+ + Cu
MnO 24− +MnO
(e) +− →
HMnO 2−
MnO 4− + MnO2 + H2O [Balance this reaction]
4 4

Ans. MnOMnO
2−
4 →24− MnO
MnO −
4
−
4 + e– ....(i)×2
2e– + 4H+ + MnO 24− → MnO
MnO −
4 2 + 2H2O ....(ii)
4H
3 MnO 24− +MnO + 2 − 2MnO − + MnO + 2H O
4 →
MnO
−
4 4 2 2

Redox Reactions 163

2. Redox Reactions : Passage Based Question (Assertion and Reason)
Passage : Redox reactions are those reactions in which, there is a
simultaneous oxidation and reduction taking place. There is an addition
of oxygen and removal of hydrogen taking place in oxidation reactions. In
Reduction, hydrogen gets added and oxygen gets removed. Redox reactions
are also used to determine the strength of reductant/oxidant. In oxidation,
there is a decrease in electron density while in reduction, there is an increase
in electron density around the atom.
(Q1-Q4) There are assertion and reason which have been put forward. Read
the given statement and choose correct alternative from the following :
(Note : A-Assertion & R-Reason)
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true.
Q1. A : Oxidation-Reduction (Redox) couple is the combination of oxidized
and reduced form of a substance that is involved in Oxidation-Reduction
half cell.
R: As in representation E° Fe3+/Fe2+ and E° Cu2+/Cu+ are two Redox
couples.
Q2. A : In Formaldehyde (HCHO) oxidation no. of carbon is 0.
R: Formaldehyde is a covalent compound.
Q3. A : Oxidation state of hydrogen is water is +1 and CaH2 is -1.
R: CaH2 is metal hydride and for hydrogen, it assigned the oxidation state
of -1.
Q4. A : Redox reactions are also called neutralization reactions.
R: As the number of electron gained/lost in the reaction are balanced.
Or
A : Substances which get reduced an act as reducing agent.
R: Oxidizing agent itself gets reduced.
Ans. : Q1. (c), Q2. (b), Q3. (a), Q4. (d) or (d)

164 Chemistry Class XI

 MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS (MCQ)
1. The oxidation state of Fe in Fe3O4 is
(a) +2 (b) + 3
8
(c) (d) + 2, + 3
3
2. The oxidation state of 'S' in KAl(SO4)2 .12H2O is
(a) –2 (b) – 1
(c) 2 (d) + 6
3. Oxidation state carbon in C3O2 is
4
(a) (b) 0
3
(c) 2 (d) 0, 2
4. The reaction S8 + 12OH– —→ 4S2– + 2S2O32– + 6H2O is
(a) Combination reaction (b) Decomposition reaction
(c) Non-metal displacement (d) Disproportionation reaction
5. E0 for H+/H2 is
(a) 0 (b) +1V
(c) –1.0V (d) –2.0V
6. Which one act as strong oxidising agent
K+/K = –2.9 3V, Ag+/Ag = 0.80, Hg2+/Hg = 0.79V
(a) K+ (b) K
(c) Hg2+ (d) Ag+
7. The coefficient of HCl in balance reaction is
Pb3O4 + HCl —→ PbCl2 + Cl2 + H2O
(a) 1 (b) 8
(c) 3 (d) 4
8. Sum of oxidation numbers of all Bromine atoms in Br3O8 is
(a) 6 (b) 4
(c) 16 (d) 20
9. In the reaction 6ClO2– —→ 4ClO3– + 2Cl–, Cl– ion is
(a) Oxidised Reduced (b) Reduced
(c) Odixised and (d) Neither Oxidised nor reduced

Redox Reactions 165

10. 'I' can not act as reducing agent in following state
(a) –1 (b) +1
(c) +7 (d) +5
Ans: 1. (d) 2. (d) 3. (d) 4. (d) 5. (a) 6. (d) 7. (b) 8. (c) 9. (c) 10. (d)

FILL IN THE BLANKS

(i) Oxidation is __________ of electrons.
(ii) S.H.E. stands for __________.
(iii) Oxidation state of Oxygen in O2F2 is __________.
(iv) Disproportionation is a type of __________ reaction.
(v) Oxidant is one which __________ electron..
(vi) Cl2 + 2OH– —→ ClO– + C1– is a __________ type of reaction.
(vii) Oxidation state of F is always either ______ or _____ .
(viii) Oxidation state of Oxygen in O3 is __________ .
(ix) Reducing agent are also called __________.
(x) Hydrogen economy is use of Hydrogen as _________.
ns: (i) loss, (ii) standard hydrogen electrode, (iii) +1, (iv) redox, (v) gain,
A
(vi) disproportionation, (vii) 0, –1, (viii) zero, (ix) reductant, (x) fuel

TRUE AND FALSE TYPE QUESTIONS

(i) In Redox reaction first oxidation take place.
(ii) Oxidising agents are also called reductant.
(iii) Fluorine cannot have +1 oxidation state.
(iv) O2+ has oxidation state of oxygen as +½.
(v) If for the reaction Ca2+ + 2e– —→ Ca(s); EO = –2.87
Then for the reaction 2Ca2+ + 4e– —→ 2Ca(s); EO = 2(–2.87)V
(vi) Salt bridge is used for enhancing E° values of individual half reaction.
(vii) Anode is –ve charged in Galvanic cell.
(viii) KCl can be use in salt bridge.
(ix) Current flows in galvanic cell from Anode to cathode.
(x) MnO4– is colourless in basic medium.
Ans: (i) False (ii) False (iii) True (iv) True (v) False
(vi) False (vii) True (viii) True (ix) False (x) False
166 Chemistry Class XI
 MATCH THE COLUMNS
1. Column-I Column-II
(a) CH4 +2O2 —→ CO2 + 2H2O (p) Disproportionation
(b) Cr2O3 +2A1 —→ Al2O3 + 2Cr (q) Non-metal displacement
(c) Fe +2HCl —→ FeCl2 + H2 (r) Metal displacement
(d) P4 + 3OH– –
+ 3H2O → PH3 +3H2PO2 (s) Metal displacement
Ans. (a) – (s) (b) – (r) (c) – (q) (d) – (p)
2. Column-I Column-II
(Oxidation sate of N)
(a) NO (p) + 5
(b) NO2 (q) + 3
(c) NO2– (r) + 4
(d) NO3 – (s) + 2
Ans. (a) – (s) (b) – (r) (c) – (q) (d) – (p)
3. Column-I Column-II
(A) Increase in oxidation number (a) Loss of electron
(B) Reducing agent (b) Oxidation
(C) MnO2 + 4HCl → MnCl2 + Cl2 + H2O (c) Natural redox reaction
(D) Photosynthesis (d) Redox reaction
Ans. (A) – (b) (B) – (a) (C) – (d) (D) – (c)
4. Column-I Column-II
(A) Decrease in oxidation number (a) Disproportionation
(B) Oxidizing agent (b) Fractional oxidation number
(C) 2Cu+ → Cu2+ +Cu (c) Reduction
(D) Mn3O4 (d) Gain of electron
Ans. (A) – (c) (B) – (d) (C) – (a) (D) – (b)
5. Column-I Column-II
(A) H2O2 (a) –1
(B) MnSO4 (b) +3
(C) AlCl3 (c) +5
(D) P2O5 (d) +6
Ans. (A) – (a) (B) – (d) (C) – (b) (D) – (c)

Redox Reactions 167

 ASSERTION AND REASON TYPE QUESTIONS
Each question contain statement-1 (Assertion) and statement-2 (Reason)
Examine the statements carefully and work the correct answer according
to the instruction given below :
(a) If both the statements are True and Statement-2 is the correct
explanation of the statement-1
(b) If both the statements are True and statement-2 is not the correct
explanation of statement-1
(c) If statement-1 is true and statement-2 is False.
(d) If statement-1 is false and statement-2 is True.

1. Statement - 1 : In HF, the oxidation state of 'F' is –1

Statement - 2 : 'F' being most electronegative, will have -1 oxidation in
its compound.
2. Statement - 1 : Oxygen has zero oxidation state in O2.
Statement - 2 : Element in their elemental form have zero oxidation state.
3. Statement - 1 : Oxidation state of Oxygen in H2O2 is –1.
Statement - 2 : H2O2 has peroxide linkage.
4. Statement - 1 : For the reaction Zn + Cu2+ —→ Zn2+ + Cu; Ecell is +ve.
Statement - 2 : For standard Hydrogen electrode E° = 0
5. Statement - 1 : 2H2O2 —→ 2H2O + O2 is Decomposition reaction
(Redox).
Statement - 2 : Oxygen has -2 oxidation state in H2O.
6. Statement - 1 : C + O2 —→ CO2 ; carbon get oxidised.
Statement - 2 : Gain of Hydrogen is reduction.
7. Statement - 1 : CaCO3 —→ CaO + CO2 is not redox reaction.
Statement - 2 : C, Ca, O do not change their oxidation number in the
reaction.
8. Statement - 1 : Oxidation also occurs when decrease in electron density
is observed.
Statement - 2 : Oxidation is gain of electro-positive element.
9. Statement - 1 : Cr2O72– is a self indicator.
Statement - 2 : MnO4– acts as a self indicator.

168 Chemistry Class XI

10. Statement - 1 : Equivalence point comes first before end point.
Statement - 2 : Equivalence point cannot be obtained even by graphical
method.
Ans: 1. (a) 2. (a) 3. (a) 4. (b) 5. (d) 6. (b) 7. (a) 8. (c) 9. (d) 10. (d)

ONE WORD ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

1. What is the oxidation number of S in S8.
2. What is the oxidation state of Oxygen in H2O2.
3. Name the substance used in salt-bridge.
4. Name an indicator which can act as self-indicator.
5. When a substance gains electron, it is called :
6. Name the ion which is used for balancing the hydrogen atom in acidic
medium.
7. In the reaction 3Mg + N2 ––→ Mg3N2, Nitrogen is oxidised or reduced.

Ans: 1. zero 2. 1 3. NH4Cl or KCl 4. KMnO4

5. Reduction 6. H+ 7. Reduced
1-MARK QUESTIONS
1. Define oxidation and reduction according to electronic concept.
2. Define oxidation and reduction according to oxidation number.
3. A freshly cut apple is almost white but it turns reddish brown after
sometime. Give reason.
4. Define oxidation number.
5. Write oxidation number of Mn in KMnO4.
6. Write oxidation number of Cr in Cr2O72–.
7. Write Stock notation of MnO2 and AuCl3.
8. Define redox reaction with example.
9. Define disproportionation reaction. Give one example.
10. Define the term redox titration.

Redox Reactions 169

 11. Name the indicator used in redox titration involving K2Cr2O7 as an
oxidizing agent.
12. At what concentration of Cu2+ (aq.) will electrode potential become equal
to its standard electrode potential ? [Ans. 1 M]
13. The standard reduction potentials of three metals cations X, Y and Z are
+ 0.52, – 3.03 and – 1.18 V respectively. Arrange X, Y and Z in order of
increasing reducing power. [Ans. X < Z < Y]
14. An electrochemical cell consists of two electrodes i.e., Anode and Cathode.
What is the direction of flow of electrons in this cell ?
15. Why anode is negatively charged in an electrochemical cell?
16. Out of Zn and Cu vessel one will be more suitable to store 1 M HCl?
[Ans. Cu]
θ θ
Given = – 0.76 V, = + 0.34 V.
15. Is it safe to stir 1 M AgNO3 solution with copper spoon ?
θ θ
Given = + 0.80 V, = + 0.34 V. [Ans. No]

2-MARKS QUESTIONS
1. Identify oxidant and reductant in the reaction :
I2 (aq) + 2S2O32– (aq) ––→ 2 I– (aq) + S4O62–(aq).
2. Calculate oxidation number of Fe in Fe3O4 and write a suitable justification
of your answer.
3. Oxidation-reduction reactions are complementary. Explain.
4. Write formula for the following compounds :
(i) Mercury (II) chloride
(ii) Nickel (II) sulphate
(iii) Iron (III) sulphate
(iv) Chromium (III) oxide

170 Chemistry Class XI

 5. Justify that the reaction : H2O(s) + F2 ––→ HF + HOF is a redox reaction.

6. A decomposition reaction may or may not be a redox reaction. Write two
decomposition reactions in support of the statement.
7. Split the reaction 2 K (s) + C12 (g) ––→ 2 KC1 (s) into oxidation and
reduction half reactions.
8. Calculate the oxidation number of underlined elements in following
compounds :
(i) CaO2  (ii) H2S2O7  (iii) K2MnO4  (iv) KI3
9. Write the functions of salt bridge in an electrochemical cell.
10. Define the term redox couple. Write the practical application of redox
couple.
11. The standard reduction potentials of two metals A and B are – 0.76 V and
+ 0.34 V respectively. An electrochemical cell is formed using electrodes
of these metals.
(i) Identify the cathode and anode.
(ii) Write the direction of flow of electron.

3-MARKS QUESTIONS
1. Calculate oxidation number of :
(i) Cr in Cr2O42–
(ii) O in KO2
(iii) Na in Na2O2.
2. Account for the following :
(i)
HNO3 acts as oxidizing agent while HNO2 can act both as reducing
and oxidizing agent.
(ii)
AgF2 is unstable compound and act as a strong oxidizing agent.
(iii) Ozone acts as an oxidising agent.

Redox Reactions 171

 3. Permanent ion (MnO4–) reacts with sulfur dioxide gas in acidic medium
to produce Mn2+ ion and hydrogen sulphate ion. Write ionic equation and
balance by ion electron method.
4. Balance the following equation by oxidation number method :
P4(s) + OH– (aq) ––→ PH3 + H2PO2– (aq) [Basic Medium]
5. Balance the following equation by ion electron method :
C12O7 (g) + H2O2 (1) ––→ ClO2– (aq) + O2 (g) [Basic medium]
6. Depict the galvanic cell in which the reaction
Zn (s) + 2 Ag+ (aq) ––→ Zn2+ (aq) + 2 Ag (s) takes place. Further show :
(i) Which electrode is negatively charged ?
(ii) The carriers of the current in the cell
(iii) Individual reaction at each electrode.
7. Explain with suitable reasons :
(i) Reaction FeSO4 (aq) + Cu (s) ––→ CuSO4 (aq) + Fe does not occur.
(ii) Zinc can displace copper from aqueous CuSO4 solution but Ag cannot.
(iii) Solution of AgNO3 turns blue when copper rod is immersed in it.

5-MARKS QUESTIONS
1. (i) MnO42– undergoes disproportionation reaction in acidic medium but
MnO4– does not. Give reason.
(ii) Give one example each of the following redox reactions:
(a) Combination reaction
(b) Decomposition reaction
(c) Metal displacement reaction
2. Consider the cell reaction of an electrochemical cell : Ni(s) + 2 Ag+(aq) →
Ni2+ (aq) + 2 Ag (s) and answer the following questions :
(i) Write anode and cathode half reactions.
(ii) Mention the direction of flow of electrons.

172 Chemistry Class XI

 (iii) How is the electrical neutrality maintained in the solutions of the two
half cells ?
(iv) Write the formula for calculating standard emf of this cell.
(v) How does the emf change when the concentration of silver ions is
decreased ?
3. Justify the reason that following reactions are redox reactions.
(a) CuO (s) + H2 (g) ——→ Cu (s) + H2O (g)
(b) Fe2O3 + 3CO (g) ——→ 2 Fe (g) + 3CO2 (g)
(c) NH3 (g) 5O2 (g) ——→ 4NO (g) + 5H2O (g)
(d) BCl3 (g) + 3 LiAlH4 ——→ B2H6 + LiCl + AlCl3
(e) 2K + F2 ——→ 2KF
[Hints:– CuO is oxidizing agent, H2 is acting as reducing agent because Cu (II)
is changing to Cu (0) by gain of e– H2 is getting oxidised to H2O (g), its
oxidations sate is changing from 0 to +1, by loss of electrons.
(ii) It is redox reaction: Fe2O3 is getting reduced to fe. CO is getting oxidised
to CO2.]
4. Using standard electrode : Predict if the reaction between as the following is
feasible.
(i) Fe3+ (aq) and I– (aq)
Ag+ and Cu
(ii)
Fe3+ and Br– (aq)
(iii)
(iv) Ag and Fe3+ (aq)
Br2 (aq) and Fe2+ (aq)
(iv)
Hint:– EθI /I– = 0.541 V, EθCu2+/Cu, = 0.34V, EθBr /Br– = 1.09V, EθAg+/Ag = 0.80V,
2 2
EθFe3+/Fe2+ = 0.77V.
5. Draw the diagram for the galvanic cell which would have overall chemical
reaction as
Zn + 2Ag+ ——→ Zn2+ + 2Ag.

Redox Reactions 173

 Answer the following :
(i) Write the reactions occurring at each electrode.
(ii) In which directions do the electrons flow in the external circuit?
(iii) Name the salt to be taken in salt bridge.
(iv) Label the anode and cathode.
(v) How does the EMF change when the concentration of solvers ions is
decreased?
HOTS QUESTIONS
1. 6 × 10–3 mole K2Cr2O7 reacts completely with 9 × 10–3 mole Xn+ to give
XO3– and Cr3+. Find the value of X.
+5
Ans. K2Cr2O7 + Xn+ —→ X O3– + Cr3+
6×10–3 × 6 = (5-n) × 9 × 10–3 —→ n = 1
2. For the redox reaction
K2Cr2O7 + X H2SO4 + Y SO2 —→ K2SO4 + Cr2(SO4)3 + ZH2O
What is the sum of x + y + z
Ans. K2Cr2O7 + H2SO4 + 3SO2 —→ K2SO4 + Cr2(SO4)3 + H2O
∴x=1 y=3 z=1 ∴x+y+z=5
3. An aqueous solution containing 1M each of Au+3, Cu+2, Ag+, Li+ is being
electrolysed using inert electrodes the value of standard potentials are
E°qAg=
+
/Ag
0.80 V, Eq°Cu 2=
+ /C4
0.34 V, E°qAu3=
+
/Au
1.50 V, E°qLi=
+
/Li
−3.03V
Cu
With increasing voltage, find the sequence of deposition of metals on the
cathode.
Ans. Only Au3+, Ag+ and Cu2+ will deposit at cathode.
Li+ will not deposit at cathode be cause SRP of water is -0.8274V
So after Cu2+ ; H2 will evolve at cathode.
4. Eq for Cl2 (g) + 2l– —→ 2Cl– (aq.) is 1.36 V, then calculate.
Eq for 4C1– (aq.) —→ 2Cl2(g) + 4e–
Ans. Eq° Cl− /Cl =
− 1.36 Eq is independent of amount of substance
2

5. Why salt bridge is made up of saturated solution of KNO3 in agar–agar.

Ans. Velocities of both K+ and NO3– are nearly the same.

174 Chemistry Class XI

 UNIT TEST-I
Time Allowed: 1 hr Maximum Marks : 20
General Instructions:
(i) All questions are compulsory.
(ii) Maximum marks carried by each question are indicated against it.

1. Identify the oxidised and Reduced species in the following reaction [1]
H2S + Cl2 —→ 2HCl + S
(a) H2S (b) Cl2 (c) Both H2, Cl2 (d) None of these

2. What is the oxidation state of Br in BrO3– ? [1]

(a) +1 (b) +3 (c) +4 (d) +5
3. Classify the type of reaction in Redox Reaction form : [1]
3H2O + P4 + 3OH– —→ PH3 + 3H2PO2–
4. What is a redox couple? Give one example.
5. Identify oxidant in reaction given below : [1]
CuO(s) + H2 (g) —→ Cu(s) + H2O(g)
6. Assign oxidation number to the underlined elements [2]
(a) NaH 2 PO 4NaH PO
P2(b)
H24 NaH HNaH
O4 72 PO44 P
K OH
PO
2 22MnO 442K
74 P OH MnO
HP2 S
(c)
72 4 2K
O247O
2 MnO7
K
H22 MnO
4
S2 OH7 4(d) H SO
2 S2 O 7 2 2 7

7. Predict product of electrolysis in following case [2]

- An aqueous solution of CuCl2 with platinum electrodes.
8. Consider the reaction Zn(s) + 2Ag+ (aq.) —→ Zn2+ (aq.) + 2Ag(s)
Answer following : [3]
(i) Which electrode is negatively charged ?
(ii) What are carrier of current in the cell ?
(iii) Individual reaction at each electrode.
9. Eq values are given : K+/K = –2.93V, Ag+/Ag = 0.80V [3]
2+ 2+ 3+
Hg /Hg = 0.79V Mg /Mg = –2.37V, Cr /Cr = –0.74V
(i) Which one is strong reducing agent ?
(ii) Which one is strong oxidising agent ?
(iii) Which redox couple is a stronger reducing agent than H+/H2 ?
10. Balance the reaction (ion-electron or oxidation number) [5]
– –
P4(s) + OH (aq.) —→ PH3 (g) + H2PO2 (aq.) [Basic medium]

Redox Reactions 175

 UNIT TEST-II
Time Allowed: 1 Hr. (REDOX REACTIONS) Maximum Marks : 20
General Instructions:
(i) All questions are compulsory.
(ii) Maximum marks carried by each question are indicated against it.

1. The average oxidation No. of Iodine is I3– ion is. [1]

2. What is oxidation state of Cr in K2Cr2O7 ? [1]

3. Write the name of cell in which chemical energy is converted into Electrical
energy. [1]
4. Why is anode negatively charged in an electrochemical cell? [1]
5. Identify the oxidised and Reduced species in the following reaction
H2S + Cl2 —→ 2HCl + S [1]
6. A decomposition reaction may or may not be a redox Reaction. Write two
decomposition reactions in support of the statement. [2]
7. Write the functions of salt bridge in a electrochemical cell. [2]
8. Account for the following : [3]
(i) HNO3 acts as oxidizing agent while HNO2 can act both as Reducing
and oxidizing agent.
(ii) AgF2 is unstable compound and act as a strong oxidizing agent.
(iii) Ozone acts as an oxidizing agent.
9. Explain with suitable reasons : [3]
(i) Reaction FeSO4 (aq) + Cu(s) → CuSO4 (aq) + Fe does not occur.
(ii) Zinc can displace copper from aqueous CuSO4 solution but
Ag cannot.
(iii) Solution of AgNO3 turns blue when copper rod is immersed in it.
10. (i) Give one example each of the following redox reactions : [3]
(a) Combination Reaction

176 Chemistry Class XI

 (b) Decomposition Reaction
(c) Metal displacement Reaction
(ii) Remaining two are Assertion and Reason. Read the statement carefully
and choose the correct alternative : [2]
(a) Both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is the correct
explanation of Assertion.

(b) Both Assertion and Reason are true but Reason is not the correct
explanation of Assertion.

(c) Assertion is true but Reason is false.

(d) Both Assertion and Reason are false.

(I) Assertion : Redox couple is the combination of oxidised and Reduced

from of a substance involved in an oxidation or reduction half cell.

Reason : In the Representation Eq Fe3+/Fe2+ and Eq Cu2+/Cu, Fe3+/

Fe2+ and Cu2+/Cu are Redox couples.

(II) Assertion : Oxidation no. of C in HCHO is zero.

Reason : Formaldehyde is covalent compound.

*****

Redox Reactions 177

 CLICK ON IMAGE TO
JOIN US ON TELEGRAM

CLICK HERE TO JOIN

US ON TELEGRAM