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Rsueru
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ctg @b
@brbc
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piri
3 8 I uat pg lroo iz ci ocóo fó f`b Rsg Aofbrg
Rsueructg
3 .3 îrtoì Xbdost bdostril
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gaufoì`
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Ciapbsofi Fubvi B
iapbsofi Bsp
spbrif
brifz
zi `b
A g l l b p o ù i îrtoì Fg. >2>>0540
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dostril `bl oofaubhfaubhlb lb `b li Cgaufo
Cgaufoì`
ì` Ciapbsofi Fubvi
Ciapbsofi
Bspbrifzi `b A g l l bp
b p o ù i îrtoì Fg. >3>9:303
C I ^ Á P R L G OU
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XORFEG
0 9 ^rgy rgybctg
bctg `b li ^ ^lifti
lifti `b Hbfbeoco g Bl Proufeg
0 8 I p r g h i c o ó f `b li ^ ^lifti
lifti `b Hbfb
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0.3. I u t g r o z i c o ó f `b R
Rssg `b I
Idui
dui
0 0 Cgftritg `b O f v b r s o ó f `b Bx B x p l g r i c o ó f cgf bl Bsti`g
0.2. Ofegrabs `b Lihgritg
Lihgritgrog
rog sghrb prubhis `b ^rgcbsi
rgcbsiao
aobftg
bftg `b Ao
Aofbril
fbril
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2 9 o f e g r a b b a o t o ` g >8->2-8>98 v i f c b `bo
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2.3. Ofegrab b aoto `g 89-98-8>98 ^rgybctg `b B x p l g r i c o ó f
baoto
2.0. Ofegrab b aoto `g 80->0-8>93 Xbsulti`gs `b ^ b r e g r i c o ó f
baoto
2.2. Ofegrab baoto`g 39->3-8>95 ^rgybctg `b ^lifti Bl Proufeg

OPRLG O
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^XBSBFP COG FDGSPRX
^XG_BCPG

Cgrpgritb Gvbrvobw
Suaairy
Stgcm Syahgl;
Syahgl; IDLIE - IDL
Stgcm Bxcjifdb;
Bxcjifdb; GPC - PSZ Ubfturb
-------------------------------------------------------------------
Egraitogf;
@itb ge Egraitogf; Aircj 89, 9??4
Jbi` Geeocb I``rbss ; #93>2 - 9>?> T. T. Dbgrdoi St.
Uifcguvbr, Hrotosj Cgluahoi
U5B 3U4
---------------------------------------------------------------------
Xbdulitgr; Hrotosj Cgluahoi
Kurosòcto
Kurosòctogfs;
gfs; Hrotosj Cgluahoi, Ilhbrti
Clissoeocitogf;
Clissoeocitogf; Kr. Bxplgritog
Bxplgritogff / Aofofd
Prifse
Prifsebr
br Idbf
Idbft; t; Cgaputbrsjirb
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
Eofifcoil _bir-Bf`;
_bir-Bf`; Iprol 3>
Iuòtgr;
Cgrpgritb Iuòtgr; @bUoss
@bUossbr
br Driy LL^
Tbhso
Tbhsotb;
tb; www.iduolidgl`
www.iduolidgl`.cga
.cga
Aifidbab
Aifi dbabft
ft Pbia
Pbia
Hlior Tiy, HSc, AHI - ^rbso`bft, CBG if` @orbctgr

• + 82 ybirs bxpbrobfcb of rbsgurcb
r bsgurcb prgkbct `bvblgpabft tjrgudjgut Sgutj Iabroci, Iustrilisoi,
Cifiì, RSI if` tjb RM
g Egrabr U^ ^rgkbct `bvblgpabft Ubftifi Dgl`, Cglgahoi.
Kiabs AcCrbi - Uocb ^rbso`bft ge Bxplgritogf

• +8> ybirs bxpbrobfcb of rbsgurcb bxplgritogf (prbcogus aofbrils of tjb Iabrocis)
• +92 ybirs bxpbrobfcb of dbglgdocil issbssabft if` aofbril rbsgurcb ifilysos
g Egrabr sbfogr dbglgdost / tbcjfocil i`vosgr it Solvbr Stifìr` if` Cuahbrlif
Cuahbrlif`
` Xbsgurcbs
Focm @bairb - H.Cgaa, CI – CEG if` @orbctgr

• Spbcoilozofd of iccguftofd if` eofifcb egr puhloc rbsgurcb cgapifobs
g @orbctgr ge Hitbrg Dgl`, Silizir Dgl`, Hlub Cgrb, btc.
g ^rbso`bft ge Cjisb Aifidbabft Lt`. (corci 9??9)
Kgjf Judubt, CDI - @orbctgr

• + 32 ybirs ge succbsseul rbsgurcb `bvblgpabft, Egrabr Cjioraif & CBG - If`bif Iabrocif
Cjrostgpjbr X. Ubrrocg - @orbctgr

• +82 ybirs ge bxpbrtosb of aofofd gpbritogfs if` oferistructurb `bvblgpabft
g Gpbf pot aofofd, hulm grb jif`lofd, cgftrict aofofd
• Mby pirtocopitogf of riosofd +$9>> aollogf ge kufogr aofofd vbfturb cipotil
@usif Hbrmi - A.Sc., @opl.Bfd. - @orbctgr

• +85 ybirs is @orbctgr if` Geeocbr ge puhloc cgapifobs (PSZ, PSZU, FIS@IY, btc)
• Issgcoitogf ge ^rgebssogfil Bfdofbbrs if` Dbgscobftosts ge H.C. (corci, 9?44)
Kgjf Hgrtfim, - @orbctgr
• Ar. Hgrtfim os Husofbss @bvblgpabft ^rgebssogfil wotj gvbr aify ybirs ge bxpbrobfcb of ill eicbts ge
tjb fituril rbsgurcb sbctgr of Cifiì, RSI, if` oftbrfitogfilly.
Cipotil Structurb
Stgcm Syahgl U.IDL

Stgcm Bxcjifdb PSZ Ubfturb
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Ossub` & Gutstifòfd* 3?,908, 3>8
Gptogfs Gutstifòfd 8,530,>>>
Tirrifts
Tirrifts Gutstifòfd 90,3:0,282
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Eully @olutb` 25,95>, :84
Airmbt Cipotilozitogf $0.2 A
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Ifdgsturi
^rgpbrty Lgcitogf
• Cgròllbri,
Sgutjbrf ^bru, If`bif Cgròllbri,
• @bpirtabft ge Ipuroaic of tjb Diru ^rgvofcb
g
^rgloe oc Dgl`, Cgppbr Aofofd / Bxplgritogf @ostroct
• Ipprgx. 03>ma ST ge Loai , 9:> ma ST ge tjb coty ge Cuzcg
If`bif Cgròllbri, Sgutjbrf ^bru Ifdgsturi
^rgkbct Lgcitogf
5
I ^rgloeoc @ostroct
Aofbs of ^rgxoaoty
Zstriti Aofofd ^ty

Lis Hiahis
Hiahis Aofb $0.2
Hollogf ^rgkbct (8>ma SB)
Poftiyi Bxp. ^rgkb

^rgkbct
ct
$ 9.04 Hollogf -982ma SB
Sifti Xgsi Dgl` Aofb

-8> ma S
Gtjbr Lgcil Aikgrs

 HJ^ Hollotgf
 Hbir Crbbm
 P
Pbcm
bcm Cgaofcg
 Hirrocm Dgl`
 Fgrsbagft
I ^rgloeoc @ostroct (cgft‟`)
^rgxoaoty ^rgkbcts if` Aofbs

• Lis Hiahis ^rgkbct
^rgkbct - Zstriti Aofofd ^ty (Cu/Iu/Ag) -- 82 ma B
• Poftiyi
Poftiyi Aofb - HJ^ Hollotgf
Hollotgf sgl`
sgl` tg Zstriti (Iu/Cu) -- 90> ma SB
Fbw Cipotil egr Aofofd of ^bru

• $8>.4 Hollogf RS@ (bxiaplbs hblgw)
• 89% ge ^bru‟s Fitogfil D@^
• $8.2 Hollogf ^brû Cgppbr Ofc. Pgrgagcjg (Cu prgkbct)
• $9 Hollogf Zstriti ^lc. Lis Hiahis (Cu ^rgkbct)
• $:2> Aollogf ^jblps @g`db Cbrrg Ubr`b (Aofb Bxpifsogf)
• $:>> Aollogf Agftbrrocg Abtils Ofc. Xog Hlifcg (Hisb Abtils ^rgkbct)
• $4>> Aollogf Xog Poftg Loaotb` Li Drifki (Cgppbr prgkbct)
• $355A Ju`Hiy Aofbrils Icquosotogf ge Cgfstifcoi (Cu)
• $32> Aollogf Dglèobl`s Lt`. Cbrrg Cgrgfi (Cu/Iu ^rgkbct)
Ifdgsturi (cgft‟`)
^rgpbrty Gvbrvobw
• Clioas; :,500 Ji (99 Cgfcbssogfs – eully totlb`)
• Iccbss; 9:> ma ST ge Cuzcg, (+ ìoly elodjts erga Loai)
Iccbss;
– îvb` jodjwiy if` drivbl rgi`s (òrbct tg mby zgfbs)
• T itbr; Aultoplb lgcil sgurcbs (stbi`y elgw - ybir rguf`)
Titbr;
• ^gwbr; Cjuquohi
Cjuquohiaholli-Curpijuiso
aholli-Curpijuiso Dro` (gf clioa hlgcm)
• Dbglgdy; Loabstgfb Cirhgfitb Xbplicbabft Hgòbs
• Pirdbt
Pirdbt Aofbri
Aofbrils;
ls; Iu
Iu if` Id + Cu, [f if` ^h
• Bxplgritogf Sbisgf; Iffuil (of tjos rbdogf)
Sbisgf; Iffuil rbdogf)
• Cgaploifcb; Fitogfil Ofstruabft 03-9>9
– @oscgvbr Dbglgdocil Cgfsultofd, 8>>5
Xbdogfil Dbglgdy (cgft‟`)

Gvbrvobw
• Uglcifoc if` suh-vglcifoc sbqubfcbs (gf Uolcihiahi Eiult)
• ^rgxoaoty
^rgxoaoty tg Ipuroaic Hitjglotj (fbir tjb Ihifciy `belbctogf)
• Birly `bcirhgfitozitogf hy icoòc jy`rgtjb
jy`rgtjbrail
rail eluo`s ( litb-stidb solocoeocitogf if` hirotb)
– Dgl` hbirofd hrbccoitb` loabstgfb rbplicbabft hgòbs
Ifdgsturi Crbbm (lggmofd fgrtjwbst)
9>
Prbfcj Xbsults erga Gxo`b Dgl` [gfb; 3.54 d/ At Dgl` gvbr 42a (Ivbridb Dri`b)

•
^rgpbrty Dbglgdy
• Jgst Structurb;
St ructurb; Liybrb` quirtz sif`stgfbs/soltstgfbs if` sjilbs (lgwbr Crbticbgus idb)
• Pirdbt
Pirdbt Systba;
Systba; Soloci-rocj bpotjbrail dgl` systba wotj jodj cgftbft ge orgf if` aifdifbsb gxo`bs
•
Aofbrilozitogf; Dgl` Hbirofd Gxo`b of Hrbccoitb` Loabstgfb Cirhgfitb Xbplicbabft Hgòbs

0.: ma Sureicb Stromb Lbfdtj (BFB), Fgrtj @oppofd
@oppofd Gpbf of Ill @orbctogfs
[GFB 9
99

îst Bxplgritogf
^rbvogus Tgrm
Tgrm ^rgd
^rgdrias
rias
• 9??3 – 9??0; [gfb 9 - Dbglgdocil aippofd if` trbfcjofd Crbbm
Tbst ge Ifdgsturi Crbbm
– Fofb Xgcm Cjop if` Drih Siaplb Cjiffbls Prbfcj To`tj Dgl` d/t
d/t
• Dri`bs 1 3 tg 4d/At Dgl`
Ivb Dri`bs P-9T 5.>>a 9.89
P-3T 3.2>a 3.9?
• 8>>3; Egrty-Sbvbf ]04Q Prbfcjbs
Prbfcjbs if` ôts (9 a `bbp / 9> a lgfd) P-5IT
P-5IT 3.3>a 8.5>
– Jodjbst Dri`b; 2.8 d/At Dgl` gvbr 94.2 a
a P-99T :.>>a 8.34
–
P-98T :.>>a 3.0:
Ivb.. Dri`bs 1 9.3 d/At Dgl`
Ivb :.8 d/At Dgl` gvbr
Dgl` gvbr 3
3 a P-93T 2.>>a 9.:5
Ivbridb
Ivbridb 2.53
2.53 8.02
8.02
Crbbm
Bist ge Ifdgsturi Crbbm
Prbfcj To`tj Dgl` d/t
P-HB 8.0>a 8.5?
P-0B :.0>a 8.44
P-93B 2.>>a 9.53
P-92B ([gfb 8) 3.>>a 2.02
P-95B ([gfb 8) 94.2>a 2.80
P-94B ([gfb 8) 3.>>a :.9?
3.54 d/ At Dgl` gvbr 42a (Ivd. Dri`b) Prbfcj Xbsults erga Gxo`b Dgl` [gfb Ivbridb
Ivbridb 5.22
5.22 0.33
0.33
98
Irtosifil Aofbrs
93

Xbcbft Bxplgritogf
[gfb 9
8>9> Siaplofd ^rgdria
• 93 Sureicb Siaplbs ([gfbs 9 if` 8)
– Cgllbctb` ilgfd i 92>a sbctogf
– Jodjbst Dri`b; 95 d/t Dgl` gvbr 8a
• Ivbridb
Ivbridb Dri
Dri`b;
`b; 0.?4
0.?4 d/t Dgl` gvbr 8 a
Jodjlodjts
Jodjlodjts erga Issiy
I ssiy
Siaplb
Siaplb Irbi
Irbi Lbfdtj
Lbfdtj Dgl`
Dgl`
Fg. Pypb a8 a d/t Pwg pjisbs
pjisbs ge aofbrilozi
aofbrilozitogf
togf (hirotb &
8>2>3 îfbl Cjop 8.>> f/i 8.05 soloci rocj orgf-aifdifbsb gxo`bs)
8>2>5 Cjop f/i 9.42 4.02
4.0 2
[gfb 8
8>2>4 îfbl Cjop 8.>> f/i 95.>>
8>2>? Cjop f/i 9.2> 9.82
9.8 2
8>293 Cjop f/i 9.0> 2.>8
2.> 8
8>292 îfbl Cjop 8.2> f/i 0.35
8>295 îfbl Cjop 8.>> f/i :.42
8>294 îfbl Cjop 8.32 8.32 0.22
8>29: Cjop f/i 8.8> 8.?8
8.? 8
8>29? Drih 9.2> f/i 2.2>
Ivbridb
Ivbridb 8.>5 9.4> 0.?4
Dgl` hbirofd soloci-rocj, orgf
aifdifbsb gxo`b aofbrilozitogf
90
Aofbrilozitogf
Mby Aofbrilozb` [gfbs

92
Aofbrilozitogf
Bxplgritogf Egcus; [gfb Gfb & Pwg

Stromb Lbfdtj ge 0.:ma wotj Prbfcjofd
• Cirhgfitb Jgstb` -- Dgl` Hbirofd Gxo`b Xbplicbabft Hgòbs
Xbsults ge 3.54 d/At Dgl` gvbr 42a (Ivd)
• Bpotjbrail typb dgl` systba (jodj orgf if` aifdifbsb gxo`bs)
gxo`bs)
[gfbs 9 & 8
O`bftoeob` is Dgl` if` Solvbr Hbirofd
–
Eb, ^h, Af, Hi, Cu ifgaily vilubs ilsg prbsbft
– 0.:ma Stromb Lbfdtj
L bfdtj (BFB trbf`), @op Fgrtj
• Gpbf of Ill @orbctogfs
[gfb Fg.9
• Sureicb Stromb; 92> abtbrs lgfd if` up tg 3> abtbrs wo`b
• Dri`b rifdb ge; 9.8 – :.?d/At Dgl` (P9 – 98)
[gfb Fg.8
Fg.8
• Bist ge [gfb Fg.9 – Egcus ge bxplgritogf if` irtosifil aofofd
– Sureicb stromb; 32> a lgfd if` if ivbridb ge 42 a wo`b
– Ivbridb
Ivbridb Dri`b ; 3.54 d/At Dgl` (P9 – 98)
Ar. Uoctgr I. Kiriaollg, ^. Dbg., (Fgvbahbr 3>, 8>>5)

* Ifdgsturi ^rgpbrty Pbcjfocil Xbpgrt hy Ar.
95
Currbft Bxplgritogf
@bvblgpabft ^rgdria
^jisb O - Jodj ^rogroty Pirdbts
• Dbglgdocil Aippofd if` Siaplofd /Prbfcjofd
/Prbfcjofd
• ^jisb O dbgpjysocil prgdria cgaplbtb` Sbpt 8>98
• @oiagf` @roll Pbst ^rgdria cgaabfcb` Gct 8>98
^jisb OO - Ifgaily Irbis
• Dbgpjysocil prgdria gvbr ifgailgus irbis
• Bxtbf`b` @oiagf` @roll Pbst ^rgdria
94
Dbgpjysocs
^jisb 9 cgaplbtb
^jisb 9 ^jisb 8
^jisb 9 db
^jisb dbgpjyso
gpjyso cs cga plbtb – pliffofd eg r
pjisb
pj isb 8 of 8>9
8>93
3
9:
Dbgpjysocs
Dbgpjysocs ^jisb O
9. Xb
Xbsostovoty
sostovoty if` cjirdb
cjirdbiholoty
iholoty
jodjlo djt i fuahbr ge fbw
9 ifgailobs tjit wirrift
ofvbstoditogf.
8
8. Pjb
Pjb jodjl
jodjlodjtb
odjtb`` ifgai
ifgailob
lobs
s
9, 8, 3 irb oft brprbtb` tg hb
ofòcitovb ge soloc i ci
cips
ps
wjolb 0 suddbsts tjb
3 prbsbfcb ge òss baofitb
baofitb` `
sulpjo`bs.
3. Pjb
Pjb c
currb
urrbft
ft `roll
`roll prgdr
prgdria
ia os
egcusb` of irb
irbii 2 ùb tg
0 gutcrg p if` i
iccbssoholot
ccbssoholot y .
2 2 0
0. Pjb fbw irbis
irbis ge oftb
oftbrbst
rbst
woll uf`brdg eurtjbr eobl`
bviluitogf
bvi luitogf if` `rol lofd.
Xbsostovoty Cjirdbiholoty
9?
Lgcil Oferistructurb
8>
Sustiofiholoty
Cgaaufoty Xblitogfs
• Aircj 8>98 IDL
IDL egrailozb` i lbdil idrbbabft wotj tjb cgaaufoty ge
Agllbpofi egr bxplgritogf ictovotobs ofcluòfd;
– sgol stuòbs,
– òiagf` `rollofd
– dbgpjysocs
• Pjb idrbbabft cotbs rbspgfsohlb usb ge witbr if` rbsgurcbs is wbll is prgvoòfd
cgaplbtb iccbss tg tjb lif`, utolsofd spbcoilozb` aif pgrtihlb bquopabft tg
rbùcb sureicb oapict wjolb pbraottofd cgfstructogf ge hisoc oferistructurb,
ciaps if` geeocbs is rbquorb`
•
Pjb ofotoil tbra ge tjb Idrbbabft os egr twg (8) ybirs wjbrb tjb Cgapify jis
idrbb` tg aixoaozb lgcil baplgyabft if` issost of cbrtiof bfjifcbabfts sucj
is hisoc oferistructurb oaprgvbabfts egr tjb `bvblgpabft, rbcrbitogf, jbiltj
if` sbcuroty ge tjb Cgaaufoty.
• Is pirt ge tjb idrbbabft tjb cgapify

cgapify jis idrbb` tg jblp of tjb egrailozitogf
prgcbss ge tjb Cgaaufoty‟s irtosif aofbrs lgcitb` gf tjb @blocoi cgfcbssogf.
IDL jis driftb` if irbi ge 9> ji egr tjbor bxclusovb usb if` gpbritogfs. Pjb
Cgapify
Cgapif y os issostofd tjb irtosif aofbrs of ill lbdil prgcbbòfds if` prgpbr
triofofd. Pjb irtosif aofbrs woll hb rbspgfsohlb egr tjb prgpbr `bvblgpabft ge
tjbor issodfb` irbi, erbbofd tjb Cgapify erga ify pgssohlb loiholoty rbsultofd
erga tjbor ictovotobs.
89
Aofofd of ^bru
^rg Aofofd Dgv

Dgvbrfabft
brfabft
• Ofùstry @brbdulitogf if` ^rovitozitogf Prbf`
Prbf` (o.b. rbsgurcb prgkbcts)
• Aofofd if` Bxplgritogf Ofùstry 1 +8>% ge ^bru‟s Pgtil
Pgtil Fitogfil D@^
•
Eb` DgvUoi
–
Xbcbftly jis ^rovitozb`
- Kgoft Ubfturbs, 88> btc.
Cgfsgrtoi, Stitb-Gwfb` Eoras
E oras (cori. 8>>5)
8>>5)
Fitogfil Dgl` ^rgùctogf Sjgrteill

• 8>>8)
Aofofd bxpgrt ($3.8 hollogf) 1 +02% ge tgtil bxpgrts (corci 8>>8)
(Aikgr `bstofitogfs; Cjofi, Ofòi, Swotzbrlif`, Cifiì, btc.)
–
• Uilubs ge dgl` prgùcb` jivb agrb tjif `guhlb` (8>>2-8>9>)

• 8>9> Sjgrteill 1 Sjirp `bclofb of dgl`
dgl` prgùctogf (sbb cjirt)
• @bvblgpofd dgl` rbsbrvbs tg sitosey drgwofd dlghil `baif`
Aofofd - ^bru - bxpgrt, euturb, pgwbr, sbctgr

sbctgr jttp;//www.fitogfsbfcyclgpbòi.c
jttp;//www.fitogfsbfcyclgpbòi.cga/Iabrocis
ga/Iabrocis/^bru-AOFOFD.jta
/^bru-AOFOFD.jtal#oxzz9EC^`c[G3
l#oxzz9EC^`c[G3
88
Mby Jodjlodjts
Cgrb Uilub
Uilub @rovbrs
• Bxpbrt Aifidbabft if`
Aifidbabft if` Pbcjfocil
Pbcjfocil Gpbritogfs Pbia
• 8>98 Dbgpjysocs – agrb lirdbr tirdbts o`bftoeob` egr ofvbstoditogf
• Cgaabfcb` Bxplgritogf @roll ^rgdria litb

^rgdria litb 8>98
• Aofbrilozitogf it Sureicb Lbvbl
Sureicb Lbvbl (sjillgw
( sjillgw gvbrhur`bf)
• 0 : ma Sureicb Stromb - Gpbf litbrilly if` `gwf òp
• Prbfcj Xbsults; 42a wo`b ge 3.54 d/At Dgl` I

Ivbridb
vbridb
• ^rgloeoc Xbdogf;
Xbdogf ; Aikgr Aofbs
Aofbs if` Bxplgritogf ^
^rgkbcts
rgkbcts (wotjof 0>ma)
• ^rgùcofd Irtosifil Aofbrs (Ofegrailbs) gf tjb ^rgpbrty
• Dgg` Oferistructurb;
Oferistructurb; îvb`/drivbl rgi`s, witbr, pgwbr if` lihgur
• Drgwofd @baif`;
@baif`; Xosofd Dgl` ^rocbs if` ^rgùctogf Dip of ^bru
• Podjt Sjirb Structurb (3?A

Structurb (3?A sjirbs O&G, +0>% Ofso`brs & Ofstotutogfs)
• ^rg Aofofd Dgvbrfabft (Fitogfil

Dgvbrfabft (Fitogfil ^rovitozitogf Prbf`)
83
Egrwir` Lggmofd Stitbabfts
Cbrtiof stitbabfts of tjos prbsbftitogf cgfstotutb egrwir`-lggmofd stitbabfts gr egrwir`-lggmofd ofegraitogf wotjof tjb abifofd
ge ipplocihlb sbcurotobs
ufcbrtioftobs if` gtjbrliws (“egrwir`-lggmofd
eictgrs tjit aiy ciusbstitbabfts‑). Sucj egrwir`-lggmofd
tjb ictuil rbsults, pbregraifcb gr stitbabfts ofvglvb
icjobvbabfts mfgwfIabrocif
ge Iduoli if` ufmfgwf
Dgl`rosms,
Lt`.
(“Iduoli Iabrocif‑ gr “tjb Cgapify‑), gr `bvblgpabfts of Iduoli Iabrocif‟s husofbss gr of ots ofùstry, tg òeebr aitbroilly erga
tjb iftocopitb` rbsults, pbregraifcb, icjobvbabfts gr `bvblgpabfts bxprbssb` gr oaplob` hy sucj egrwir`-lggmofd stitbabfts.
Egrwir`-lggmofd stitbabfts ofclu`b ill òsclgsurb rbdiròfd pgssohlb bvbfts, cgfòtogfs gr rbsults ge gpbritogfs tjit os hisb` gf
issuaptogfs ihgut euturb bcgfgaoc cgfòtogfs if` cgursbs ge ictogf. Egrwir`-lggmofd stitbabfts aiy ilsg ofclu`b ify stitbabft
rblitofd tg euturb bvbfts, cgfòtogfs gr corcuastifcbs. Iduoli Iabrocif ciutogfs ygu fgt tg plicb ufùb rbloifcb upgf ify sucj
egrwir`-lggmofd stitbabfts, wjocj spbim gfly is ge tjb ìtb tjby irb ai`b.
Egrwir`-lggmofd stitbabfts rblitb tg, iagfd gtjbr tjofds, cjifdbs of tjb rbsgurcb airmbt= airmbt egcus ge Iduoli Iabrocif‟s
rbvbfub aox if` airdof tirdbts= bcgfgaoc pgftbfoil gpbritogfs progrotobs= if` `bvblgpabft stritbdy. Pjb rosms if` ufcbrtioftobs
tjit aiy ieebct egrwir`-lggmofd stitbabfts ofclu`b, iagfd gtjbrs, tjb cgaplbtogf if` oftbdritogf ge icquosotogfs, tjb pgssoholoty ge
tbcjfocil, lgdostocil gr pliffofd ossubs of cgffbctogf wotj `bplgyabfts, tjb cgftofugus cgaaotabft ge Iduoli Iabrocif's ofvbstgrs,
`baif` egr Iduoli Iabrocif's issbts if` gtjbr rosms `btiolb` erga toab tg toab of Iduoli Iabrocif's eolofds wotj Cifiòif
prgvofcoil sbcurotobs rbdulitgrs. Egrwir`-lggmofd stitbabfts irb hisb` gf aifidbabft‟s currbft plifs, bstoaitbs, prgkbctogfs, hblobes
if` gpofogfs, if` tjb Cgapify `gbs fgt uf`brtimb ify ghloditogf tg upìtb egrwir`-lggmofd stitbabfts sjgul` issuaptogfs
rblitb` tg tjbsb plifs, bstoaitbs, prgkbctogfs,
prgkbctogfs, hblobes if` gpofogfs cjifdb.
80
Cgftict Rs
Cgrpgritb Jbi` Geeocb
#99>: - 4:? T.
T. ^bf`br St.
Uifcguvbr, H.C. U5J 9J8
P
Pgll
gll erbb 9 (:55) 55?-?344
Geeocb -?33>
9 (5>0) 55? -?33>
ofegNiduoliiabrocif.ci
ofegNiduoliiabrocif.ci
82
C ÔPRLG OO
OFEGXAB@BLDBG UCPGX IXIAOLLG

@oscgvbr Dbglgdocil Cgfsultifts

Suotb 5>3 – 9?33 Xghsgf Strbbt
Uifcguvbr, HC Cifiì
U5D 9B4
Pblbpjgfb; 5>0-38?-4:0:
Eix; 5>0-5>?-4:0:
voctgrNòscgvbrdbglgdocil.cga
Baiol; voctgrNòscgvbrdbglgdocil.cga
vk0524Njgtaiol.cga

CBXPOEOCIPB GE IRPJGX
O, Uoctgr Kiriaollg, ^.Dbgl. `g jbrbhy cbrtoey tjit;
O ia i ^rbso`bft ge;

Suotb 5>3, 9?33 Xghsgf Strbbt,
Uifcguvbr, H.C. Cifiì,
U5D 9B4
O driùitb` wotj i Hicjblgr ge Scobfcb @bdrbb of Dbglgdy erga Tisjofdtgf if` Lbb Rfovbrsoty of
9?:9. Of i`òtogf, O jivb ghtiofb` i Aistbr ge Scobfcb Ipplob` @bdrbb of Aofbril Bxplgritogf of 9?:3
erga AcDoll Rfovbrsoty.
O ia i prgebssogfil dbgscobftost, rbdostbrb` wotj tjb Issgcoitogf ge ^rgebssogfil Bfdofbbrs if`

Dbgscobftosts ge Hrotosj Cgluahoi (Locbfsb Fg. 9?939). I Ebllgw ge tjb Dbglgdocil Issgcoitogf ge
Cifiì (DIC), i Ebllgw ge tjb Sgcobty ge Bcgfgaoc Dbglgdosts (SBD), i abahbr ge tjb Dbglgdocil
Sgcobty ge Fbviì if` i abahbr ge tjb Dbglgdocil Sgcobty ge Iabroci.
O jivb wgrmb` is i dbglgdost egr i tgtil ge 80 ybirs sofcb ay driùitogf erga ufovbrsoty.
O jivb rbi` tjb `beofotogf ge “Yuiloeob` ^brsgf‑ sbt gut of Fitogfil Ofstruabft 03-9>9(“FO -03-9>9‑)
if` cbrtoey tjit hy rbisgf ge ay bùcitogf, ieeoloitogf wotj i prgebssogfil issgcoitogf (is `beofb` of FO
03-9>9) if` pist rblbvift wgrm bxpbrobfcb, O euleoll tjb rbquorbabfts tg hb i “Yuiloeob` ^brsgf‑ egr tjb
purpgsb ge FO 03-9>9.
O ia rbspgfsohlb egr tjb prbpiritogf ge sbctogfs 9 tg 89 ge tjb tbcjfocil rbpgrt totlb` Pjb Ifdgsturi
^rgpbrty Pbcjfocil Xbpgrt if` ìtb` Fgvbahbr 3>, 8>>5 (tjb “Pbcjfocil Xbpgrt‑) rblitofd tg tjb
Ifdgsturi prgpbrty. ^rbvogusly hbtwbbf Aiy 0 if` 39, 8>>3 tjb iutjgr wis gf sotb it tjb prgpbrty (8:
ìys) if` cgaplbtb` if bxplgritogf prgdria. Agrb rbcbftly jb vosotb` tjb Ifdgsturi prgpbrty gf
Iudust 3, 8>>5 egr gfb ìy.
O jivb ji` progr ofvglvbabft wotj tjb prgpbrty tjit os tjb suhkbct ge tjb Pbcjfocil Xbpgrt.
O ia fgt iwirb ge ify aitbroil eict gr aitbroil cjifdb wotj rbspbct tg tjb suhkbct aittbr ge tjb
Pbcjfocil Xbpgrt tjit os fgt rbelbctb` of tjb Pbcjfocil Xbpgrt, tjb gaossogf tg òsclgsb wjocj aimbs
tjb Pbcjfocil Xbpgrt aoslbiòfd.
O ia of`bpbf`bft ge tjb ossubr ipplyofd ill ge tjb tbsts of sbctogf 9.0 ge Fitogfil Ofstruabft 03-9>9.
O jivb rbi` Fitogfil Ofstruabft 03-9>9 if` Egra 03-9>9E9, if` tjb Pbcjfocil Xbpgrt jis hbbf
prbpirb` of cgaploifcb wotj tjit ofstruabft if` egra.
O cgfsbft tg tjb eolofd ge tjb Pbcjfocil Xbpgrt wotj ify stgcm bxcjifdb if` gtjbr rbdulitgry iutjgroty
if` ify puhlocitogf hy tjba egr rbdulitgry purpgsbs, ofcluòfd blbctrgfoc puhlocitogf of tjb puhloc
cgapify eolbs gf tjbor wbhsotbs iccbssohlb hy tjb puhloc, ge tjb Pbcjfocil Xbpgrt.
@itb` tjos 3>tj @iy ge Fgvbahbr, 8>>5
"Uoctgr Kiriaollg"
Uoctgr Kiriaollg, ^.Dbg.


Suotb 5>3 – 9?33 Xghsgf Strbbt
Uifcguvbr, HC Cifiì
U5D 9B4
Pblbpjgfb; 5>0-38?-4:0:
Eix; 5>0-5>?-4:0:
voctgrNòscgvbrdbglgdocil.cga
Baiol; voctgrNòscgvbrdbglgdocil.cga
vk0524Njgtaiol.cga

CGFSBFP GE IRPJGX
Pg;
Hrotosj Cgluahoi Sbcurotobs Cgaaossogf

Ilhbrti Sbcurotobs Cgaaossogf
PSZ Ubfturb Bxcjifdb
O, Uoctgr Kiriaollg `g jbrbhy cgfsbft tg tjb eolofd ge tjb wrottbf òsclgsurb ge tjb tbcjfocil rbpgrt totlb`
“Pjb Ifdgsturi ^rgpbrty Pbcjfocil Xbpgrt‑ if` ìtb` Fgvbahbr 3>, 8>>5 (tjb “Pbcjfocil Xbpgrt‑)
if` ify bxtricts erga gr i suaairy ge tjb Pbcjfocil Xbpgrt of tjb Iffuil Ofegraitogf Egra ge
Iduoli Iabrocif Xbsgurcbs Lt`., if` tg tjb eolofd ge tjb Pbcjfocil Xbpgrt wotj tjb sbcurotobs
rbdulitgry iutjgrotobs rbebrrb` tg ihgvb.
O ilsg cbrtoey tjit O jivb rbi` tjb wrottbf òsclgsurb hbofd eolb` if` O `g fgt jivb ify rbisgf tg hblobvb
tjit tjbrb irb ify aosrbprbsbftitogfs of tjb ofegraitogf `brovb` erga tjb Pbcjfocil Xbpgrt gr tjit tjb
wrottbf òsclgsurb of tjb Iffuil Ofegraitogf Egra ge Iduoli Iabrocif Xbsgurcbs Lt`. cgftiofs ify
aosrbprbsbftitogf ge tjb ofegraitogf cgftiofb` of tjb Pbcjfocil Xbpgrt.
tj
@itb` tjos 3> ìy ge Fgvbahbr, 8>>5.
"Uoctgr Kiriaollg"
Uoctgr Kiriaollg, ^.Dbg.

PJB IFDGSPRXI ^XG^BXP_
PBCJFOCIL XB^GXP
Driu Aofofd @ostroct,

@bpirtabft ge Ipuroaic, ^bru
- ^rbpirb` egr -
IDROLI IABXOCIF XBSGRXCBS LP@

Suotb 93>2 – 9>?> Tbst Dbgrdoi Strbbt
Uifcguvbr, Hrotosj Cgluahoi
U5B 3U4 - Cifiì
- ^rbpirb` hy -
UOCPGX I. KIXIAOLLG, A.Sc.(I), ^.Dbg.

Fgvbahbr 3>, 8>>5

PIHLB GE CGFPBFPS
ÎDB
9.> OFPXG@RCPOGF ……………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………….……. ………….……. 9
9.9 DBFBXIL …………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………...………............
…...………............ 9
9.8 PBXAS GE XBEBXBFCB …………………… …………………………………….
……………………………………. 8
9.3 SCG^B, SGRXCBS GE OFEGXAIPOGF IF@ @OSCLIOABX ………………….. 8
8.> XBLOIFCB GF GPJBX BZ^BXPS ………………………………………………….

…………………………………………………. 8
3.> ^XG^BXP_ @BSCXO^POGF, SPIPRS IF@ LGCIPOGF

LGCIPOGF ………..……………….
………..………………. 3
0.> ICCBSSOHOLOP_, CLOAIPB, LGCIL XBSGRXCBS, OFEXISPXRCPRXB

IF@ ^J_SOGDXI^J_…………………………………
^J_SOGDXI^J_…………………………………………………………………………………………… …… 4
2.> JOSPGX_ GE PJB IFDGSPRXI ^XG^BXP_ ……… …………..……..…………. 9>
5.> DBGLGDOCIL SBPPOFD ……………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………..
……….. 99
5.9 XBDOGFIL DBGLGD_ ………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………….
………. 99
5.8 ^XG^BXP_ DBGLGD_……………………………………………………
DBGLGD_………………………………………………………………..
………….. 98
4.> @B^GSOP P_^B …………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………
………………………………
… 93
:.> AOFBXILO[IPOGF IP PJB IFDGSPRXI ^XG^BXP_ ………...………………

………...……………… 90
?.> BZ^LGXIPOGF IP PJB IFDGSPRXI ^XG^BXP_ ……………...……………… 9:
9>.> @XOLLOFD IP PJB IFDGSPRXI ^XG^BXP_ ……………….………………….. 89
99.> SIA^LOFD ABPJG@ IF@ I^^XGICJ ………….……………………………….

………….………………………………. 89
98.> SIA^LB ^XBÎXIPOGF, IFIL_SBS IF@ SBCRXOP_ ……………………….. 89
93.> @IPI UBXOEOCIPOGF …………………………………………………….................

……………………………………………………................. 83
90.> I@KICBFP ^XG^BXPOBS ……………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………83
………83
92.> AOFBXIL ^XGCBSSOFD IF@ ABPILLRXDOCIL PBSPOFD ………………… 80
95.> AOFBXIL XBSGRXCBS IF@ XBSBXUBS ………………………………………... 85
94.> GPJBX XBLBUIFP @IPI IF@ OFEGXAIPOGF ………………………………

……………………………… 85
9:.> OFPBX^XBPIPOGFIF@CGFCLRSOGFS………………………………………
OFPBX^XBPIPOGFIF@CGFCLRSOGFS…………………………………………..
….. 8:
9?.> XBCGAABF@IPOGFS ………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………….. 8:

8>.> XBEBXBFCBS ………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………. 0>
89.> @IPB IF@ SODFIPRXB ÎDB ……………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………….. 09
LOSP GE PIHLBS
9. Cisj, Sjirb Gptogf îyabfts if` Tgrm ^rgdria Cgaaotabft ….……………. 3

8. Lost ge Cgfcbssogfs if` Clioas – Ifdgsturi ^rgpbrty…….…………………………….
^rgpbrty…….……………………………. 5
3. Lost ge Cgfcbssogfs if` Clioas – Pjor` pirty gwfbrs …………………………………..
………………………………….. 5
0. Iccbss Xgutb tg tjb ^rgpbrty ………………………………
…………………………………………………………… ………………………………
…4
2. Jodjlodjts ge tjb 8>>3 Bxplgritogf ^rgdria ……………………………………………..
…………………………………………….. 9?
5. Systbaitoc cjop Siaplbs icrgss fbw rgi` ……………………………………………..…
……………………………………………..… 8>
4. @uplocitb, Hlifm if` Stifìr`s (8>>3 ^rgdria) …………………………………………88
:. Bxtrictogfs erga jbi` issiys if` cilculitb` jbi` dri`bs ………………………………82
………………………………82
?. Xbidbft Cgfsuaptogf of 0>> drias ge gxo`b aofbril ……………………………………82
……………………………………82
9>. I`òtogfil hgttlb rgll tbsts …………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………85 85
99. ^rgpgsb` @roll Jglbs – ^jisb O …………………………………
…………………………………………………………….3>………………………….3>
LOSP GE EODRXBS

9. Pjb Ifdgsturi
8. Pjb Ifdgsturi
Ifd gsturi ^rgpbrty
^rgpbr
^rgpbrtyty Clioa
Lgcitogf
AipAip ……………….…….…………..…………………
……………….…….…………..………
…………..………………………………….………..
…………..………………… ………… 02
……………….………..
3. Pjb Cjuquohiaholli -Curpijuiso ^gwbr Dro` Fbtwgrm ……..…………….…………….9>
0. Pjb Ifdgsturi ^rgpbrty Dbfbrilozb` Xbdogfil Dbglgdy Aip…………………………....98
Aip…………………………....98
2. Dbfbrilozb` Dbglgdy Aip ge Aofbrilozb` [gfbs 9 if` 8 ……………………
………………………………...93
…………...93
5. Aofbrilozitogf it tjb Ifdgsturi ^rgpbrty …………………………………………………92
…………………………………………………92
4. Ifdgsturi ^rgpbrty Dbglgdy Aip ………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………94 …94
:. Ifdgsturi ^rgpbrty sjgwofd vollidbs if` aikgr
aikgr aofbs of tjb irbi ……
……………………..80
………………..80
?. Hbjivogr ge tjb bxtrictogf mofbtocs hy sglutogfs …………………………………………
…………………………………………..82 ..82
9>. Ifdgsturi ^rgpbrty wotj prgpgsb` `roll jglbs (^jisb O) …………………………………39
99. Dbglgdocil Crgss Sbctogf 9 wotj prgpgsb`
prg pgsb` `roll jglbs ……………………………………
…………………………………….38 .38
98. Dbglgdocil Crgss Sbctogf 8 wotj
wotj prgpgsb` `roll jglbs ………
……………………………………
…………………………….33 .33
……………………………………
…………………………….30 .30
……………………………………
…………………………….32 .32
……………………………………
…………………………….35
.35
……………………………………
…………………………….34
.34
LOSP GE ^JGPGS
9. Curpijuiso tg Agllbpofi iccbss rgi`…………………………..…..…………………………

rgi`…………………………..…..………………………… 2
8. Pjb Agllbpofi Uollidb ……………………………………
………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………:
………:
3. Uobw ge tjb Ifdgsturi Crbbm lggmofd fgrtjwbst ……………………………………………?
……………………………………………?
0. [gfb 9 Aofbrilozb` Structurb bxpgsb` ilgfd fbw rgi` cut ………………………………..95
………………………………..95
2. [gfb 9 Aofbrilozb` Structurb bxpgsb` ilgfd rgi` cu
cutt ………………………………………8>
………………………………………8>

SRAAIX_
Pjb Ifdgsturi ^rgpbrty cgvbrs ipprgxoaitbly 2,9?:.32 jbctirbs if` os cgaprosb` ge sbvbf
bxplgritogf cgfcbssogfs if` twg clioas wjocj cgvbr tjb aiof pgrtogf ge tjb Ifdgsturi Dgl` ^rgpbrty.
Pjb prgkbct irbi os lgcitb` of sgutjbrf ^bru of tjb @bpirtabft ge Ipuroaic, ipprgxoaitbly 03>
molgabtbrs sgutjbist ge Loai if` :> molgabtbrs sgutjwbst ge tjb coty ge Cuzcg, if` cif hb rbicjb`
ilgfd pivb` jodjwiys if` drivbl rgi`s. Pjb irbi os aguftiofgus if` blbvitogfs gf tjb prgpbrty viry
hbtwbbf ipprgxoaitbly 3,3>> abtbrs if` 0,9>> abtbrs.
Gf Aiy 9, 8>>8 Iduoli cgftrictb` I.C.I. Jgwb Oftbrfitogfil Lt`. (“Jgwb‑) tg cgaplbtb i ùb
òlodbfcb siaplofd prgdria gf tjb Ifdgsturi ^rgpbrty lgcitb` of sgutjbrf ^bru, egllgwb` hy i
tbcjfocil rbpgrt. Xghbrt Cofots, ^.Dbg, cgaplbtb` tjos wgrm gf hbjile ge Jgwb. Pjb eobl` prgdria wis
cgfcbftritb` gvbr tjb aiof aofbrilozb` bxpgsurbs it Ifdgsturi ([gfbs 9 if` 8) wotj sgab
prgspbctofd gf tjb bistbrf bxtbfsogf. Ar. Cofots of jos rbpgrt rbcgaabf`b` tjit i twg pjisb rbsults
`rovbf bxplgritogf prgdria hb cgftofub` (Cofots 8>>8).
Of Iprol 8>>3 Iduoli rbtiofb` U. Kiriaollg, ^.Dbg. tg cgaplbtb pirt ge tjb ofotoil pjisb bxplgritogf
prgdria rbcgaabf`b` hy Jgwb. Dbglgdocil eobl`wgrm wis tg cgfeora prbvogusly rbpgrtb` rbsults,
if` `btbraofb tjb litbril cgftofuoty ge aofbrilozb` zgfbs 9 if` 8 tg tjb bist if` wbst. Erga tjos wgrm
i FO 03-9>9 rbpgrt wis cgaplbtb` hy tjb iutjgr.
Litbr gf, Uoctgr I. Kiriaollg, A.Sc.I., ^.Dbg., i dbglgdocil cgfsultift wotj @oscgvbr Dbglgdocil
Cgfsultifts, wis rbtiofb` hy Iduoli Iabrocif Xbsgurcbs Lt`. gf Iudust 3, 8>>5 wotj tjb tbras ge
rbebrbfcb egr tjos issodfabft cgfsostofd ge uf`brtimofd i gfb ìy eobl` vosot tg tjb Ifdgsturi ^rgpbrty
of gr`br tg rbcgaabf` òiagf` `roll jglb lgcitogfs if` tg rbvobw prbvogus dbglgdocil wgrm `gfb it
tjb Ifdgsturi ^rgpbrty. Agrb rbcbftly, gf Fgvbahbr 9, 8>>5 tjb iutjgr wis rbtiofb` hy Iduoli
Iabrocif tg prbpirb i FO 03-9>9 cgaploift rbpgrt gf tjb Ifdgsturi prgpbrty.
Bvo`bfcb ge saill scilb aofofd ictovotobs of tjb prgpbrty ìtbs hicm is eir is Spifosj Cglgfoil toabs
(95>>‟s tg birly 9:>>‟s) wjbf dgl` aofbrilozb` gxo`b rgcm wis aofb` erga pots if` cru`b
uf`brdrguf` riaps if` sjiets. Agrb rbcbft mfgwf bxplgritogf ictovoty of tjb Ifdgsturi irbi gccurrb`
of 9??3 hy Cgapiùái Iuroebri Ipuroaic S.I. (CII). Of 9??0, CII sjgwb` tjb prgpbrty tg îfdbi
^bru S.I. if` of 9??2, ^licbr @gab vosotb` tjb Ifdgsturi ^rgpbrty it tjb rbqubst ge CII. Hgtj
cgapifobs sjgwb` oftbrbst, hut fg idrbbabfts wbrb bvbr rbicjb` (Cofots 8>>8).
Of tjb ybir 8>>>, Ar. Luos Ilhbrtg [uaibti Hieeodg stimb` tjb Ifdgsturi (@blocoi) ^rgpbrty, if` gf
Iprol 92, 8>>8

Pjos Lbttbr Iduoliwis
ge Oftbft sodfb` i lbttbr
littbr ge oftbft
agòeob` wotj Ar.0,[uaibti
gf Gctghbr tg bftbrIduoli
8>>8 wjbrbhy oftg ifcif
gptogf idrbbabft.
icquorb i 42%
oftbrbst ge tjb @blocoi Cgfcbssogf (prbvogusly mfgwf is “Pjb Ifdgsturi ^rgpbrty‑) hy aimofd cisj
if` sjirb gptogf piyabfts tgtilofd RS$2>>,>>> if` 9.0 aollogf sjirbs, gvbr tjrbb ybirs, if` tg aimb
if bxplgritogf cgaaotabft tgtilofd RS$9,0>>,>>> gvbr tjb siab pbrog`.
Pjb dbglgdy ge tjb ^rgpbrty cgfsosts ge ag`britb tg stbbp fgrtj òppofd Crbticbgus loabstgfbs ge tjb
Ebrrghiahi Egraitogf wjocj trbf` BFB ilgfd i cgrro`gr tjit rifdbs of wo`tj erga ipprgxoaitbly 8>>
abtbrs tg tjb wbst tg drbitbr tjif 2>> abtbrs of
of tjb bistbrf irbi. Pjos loabstgfb cgrro`gr os of eiult
cgftict (Uolcihiahi Eiult) tg tjb sgutj wotj oftbrhb``b` tjof liybrs ge quirtz sif`stgfbs/soltstgfbs
if` sjilbs ge tjb Sgriyi Egraitogf ge lgwbr Crbticbgus idb, if` tg tjb fgrtj hy Pbrtoiry
drifgògrotoc oftrusovb rgcms ge tjb Ipuroaic Hitjglotj.
Dgl` aofbrilozitogf gf tjb Ifdgsturi ^rgpbrty os jgstb` wotjof if blgfditb` BFB trbfòfd
soloci-rocj, orgf-aifdifbsb structurb of loabstgfbs. Pjos zgfb ippbirs tg hb structurilly rblitb` tg
tjb B-T trbfòfd, sgutj òppofd rbdogfil Uolcihiahi Eiult. Pjb gxo`b aofbrilozitogf os
cjirictbrozb` hy aissovb if` pirtoil
pi rtoil rbplicbabft ge i cgllipsb` loabstgfb hrbccoi structurb.
Pjos lgw tbapbriturb dgl` systba os soloci-rocj wotj cirhgfitb-rocj pjisbs if` dbfbrilly wotj
lgw solvbr. Of i`òtogf tg dgl`, jodj vilubs ge orgf, aifdifbsb if` hiroua irb prbsbft. Dbfbrilly
wbim ifgailobs ge irsbfoc, cgppbr, lbi` if` zofc irb issgcoitb` wotj tjb gxo`b aofbrilozitogf.
^rbvogus dbglgdocil wgrm (is `bscrohb` hy Cofots, 8>>8) `beofb` twg aiof dgl` aofbrilozb`
zgfbs ([gfbs 9 if` 8). [gfb 9 strombs BFB if` òps vbry stbbply tg tjb fgrtj. Ot jis if ivbridb
wo`tj ge 3> abtbrs
abtbrs if` os ipprgxoaitbly 92> abtbrs lgfd. Aofbrilozb` [gfb 8 jis sbbf sbbf tjb
aikgroty ge prbvogus bxplgritogf if` saill-scilb aofofd ictovoty gf tjb prgpbrty (Sbb ^litb 8). Ot
cif hb tricb` gf sureicb gvbr i stromb lbfdtj ge ipprgxoaitbly 8>> abtbrs wotj if BFB trbf` if`
i ag`britb tg stbbp òp tg tjb fgrtj.
Prbfcjofd if` gutcrgp aippofd, supbrvosb` hy tjb iutjgr ùrofd tjb ybir 8>>3, `beofb` i wo`tj
ge 42 abtbrs egr [gfb 8 wotj if ipprgxoaitb ivbridb dri`b ge 3.50 d/t dgl` (hisb` gf sia
siaplbs
plbs
timbf erga trbfcjbs P-98,93,90,92,95 if` 94). Aofbrilozitogf wis ghsbrvb` tg cgftofub
ipprgxoaitbly 8.9 ma wbst ge [gfb 9 if` ipprgxoaitbly 8.4 ma bist ge [gfb 9 rbspbctovbly.
Of dbfbril, tjb aofbrilozb` cgllipsb` hrbccoi (“ACH‑) wis ghsbrvb`, erga trbfcjofd, tg
cgftofub ilgfd i lbfdtj ge 0.: ma, if` rbaiofb` gpbf litbrilly tg tjb wbst if` bist. Ots ivbridb
wo`tj ùrofd tjit toab ji` fgt hbbf bstihlosjb`, is of agst trbfcjbs, aofbrilozitogf if`/gr strgfd
iltbritogf rbaiofb` gpbf gf hgtj so`bs. Pjos cgul` hb `btbraofb` litbr hy dbgpjysocil wgrm
egllgwb` hy dbglgdocil aippofd,
aippofd, trbfcjofd if` òiagf` `rol`rollofd.
lofd. Aofbrilozitogf eguf` gutso`b
gutso`b
ge [gfb 8 jis trub wo`tjs ge agrb tjif 8> abtbrs is sbbf of sgab trbfcjbs. Gxo`b aofbrilozitogf
jis hbbf lgcitb` clgsb tg tjb Ifdgsturi Crbbm (ipprgxoaitbly 3,3:> abtbrs ihgvb sbi lbvbl) if`
up tg ipprgxoaitbly 3,?82 abtbrs of blbvitogf.
Erga ipprgxoaitbly 0>> abtbrs tg 9,4>> abtbrs wbst ge [gfb 9, tjb ACH os cjirictbrozb` hy
ipprbcoihlb iagufts ge hirotb. Of tjb iutjgr‟s bxpbrobfcb wgrmofd of soaolir typbs ge bpotjbrail
dgl` loabstgfb rbplicbabft `bpgsots of ^bru, hirotb aofbrilozitogf jis hbbf dbfbrilly ghsbrvb`
tg cgfcbftritb of tjb uppbr sbctogfs ge tjbsb systbas wotj dgl` vilubs rifdofd erga 9>> up tg
2>> pph. Gf tjb gtjbr
gtjbr jif`, hblgw tjb hirotb jgrozgf, dgl` dri`bs jivb hbbf ghsbrvb` tg
ofcrbisb hy sbvbril drias. Pjos wis getbf ghsbrvb` it tjb fbirhy Sifti Xgsi Aofb gpbritb` hy
If`bif Iabrocif, ùrofd tjb ybirs 9??4 tg 8>>>.
Eobl` wgrm ùrofd 8>>3 ofclu`b` dbglgdocil aippofd (9;9>>>), 04 jif` ùd trbfcjbs if` pots,
if` 938 cjop cjiffbl siaplbs. Pjb aikgroty ge tjos wgrm wis cgaplbtb`
cgaplbtb` gvbr tjb wbstbrf if`
bistbrf bxtbfsogfs ge [gfbs 9 if` 8. Prbfcjbs ivbridb` ipprgxoaitbly 9.> abtbr of `bptj if` 9>
abtbrs of lbfdtj. Pjbsb wbrb grobftb` is aucj is pgssohlb pbrpbfòculir tg tjb BFB aofbrilozb`
trbf`. @urofd tjb dbglgdocil wgrm i `btiolb` tgpgdripjoc survby (9;9,>>>) wis cgaplbtb` gvbr
5>> jbctirbs egllgwofd tjb aofbrilozb` trbf`. Agst ge tjb trbfcj lgcitogfs wbrb ilsg survbyb`.
Sblbctb` dgl` siaplb rbsult jodjlodjts (wotj trub wo`tjs) ofclu`b`;
Sodfoeocift aofbrilozitogf Tbst ge tjb Ifdgsturi Crbbm;
Prbfcj P-9T; 9.89 d/t dgl` icrgss 5.> abtbrs

Prbfcj P-3T; 3.9? d/t dgl` icrgss 3.2> abtbrs
Prbfcj P-5IT; 8.5> d/t dgl` icrgss 3.3> abtbrs
Prbfcj P-99T; 8.34 d/t dgl` icrgss :.>> abtbrs
Prbfcj P-98T; 3.0: d/t dgl` icrgss :.>> abtbrs
Prbfcj P-93T; 9.:5 d/t dgl` icrgss 2.>> abtbrs

Sodfoeocift aofbrilozitogf
aofbrilozitogf Bist ge tjb Ifdgsturi Crbbm;
Prbfcj P-HB; 8.5? d/t dgl` icrgss 8.0> abtbrs

Prbfcj P-0B; 8.44 d/t dgl` icrgss :.0> abtbrs
Prbfcj P-93B; 9.53 d/t dgl` icrgss 2.>> abtbrs
Prbfcj P-92B; 2.02 d/t dgl` icrgss 3.>> abtbrs ([gfb 8)
Prbfcj P-95B; 2.80 d/t dgl` icrgss 94.2> abtbrs ([gfb 8)
Prbfcj P-94B; :.9? d/t dgl` icrgss 3.>> abtbrs ([gfb 8)
Xbcbftly, ùrofd Gctghbr 8>>5 cgapify dbglgdosts cgaplbtb` aippofd if` siaplofd ilgfd i
fbw rgi` tjit jis cut icrgss aofbrilozb` structurb Fg.9. Pjos structurb ji` fgt hbbf siaplb`
prbvogusly hbciusb ge tjb stbbp tbrriof. It rgi` lbvbl tjos aofbrilozb` zgfb jis i trub wo`tj ge
ipprgxoaitbly 93.> abtbrs, if` ippbirs tg dbt sodfoeociftly wo`br upwir`s. Systbaitoc cjop
cjiffbl siaplbs timbf icrgss tjos structurb rbturfb` 3.8: d/t dgl` if` ?.5> d/t solvbr icrgss 93
abtbrs. Sbb tihlb hblgw egr `btiols;
Sia pl
pl b Fg . Sia pl
pl b Py p b To `t
`t j (a ) d /t
/t Dg
Dg l ` d /t So
So lv
lv br
br
8294 Cjops 9.>> 9.5: 0.9:
829: Cjops 9.>> >.0> 9.8>
829? Cjops 9.>> 8.3: 5.9:
828> Cjops 9.>> >.58 9.52
8289 Cjops 9.>> >.05 9.3>
8288 Cjops 9.>> 9.:8 3?.58
8283 Cjops 9.>> 4.45 30.:5
8280 Cjops 9.>> 92.33 8>.53
8282 Cjops 9.>> 3.0> 8.35
8285 Cjops 9.>> >.08 8.3:
8284 Cjops 9.>> >.42 3.92
828: Cjops 9.>> 9.9: >.4:
828? Cjops 9.>> 5.2> 5.2>
93.>> 3.8: ?.5>
Ipprgxoaitbly 0>% ge dgl` `bpgsots of fgrtjbrf Cirlof (Fbviì) irb eguf` of cgllipsb` hrbccois
of loabstgfbs. Pjos dbfbtoc ag`bl bfvosidbs birly `bcirhgfitozitogf hy icoòc jy`rgtjbrail
eluo`s egcusb` ilgfd eiults, egllgwb` hy cgllipsb ge loabstgfbs, dgl` prbcopotitogf, if` litb-stidb
solocoeocitogf + hirotozitogf (Pjgapsgf P.H., bt il, 8>>8). I soaolir dbfbtoc ag`bl aiy ipply tg
tjb dgl` aofbrilozitogf it Ifdgsturi.
I pgtbftoil tgffidb egr tjb aofbrilozb` dgl` hbirofd structurb jis hbbf bstoaitb` tg hb of tjb
rifdb ge 02 tg ?> aollogf tgffbs. Pjb lgw bf`, cgfso`brofd tjit gfly 2>% ge tjb cilculitb`
tgffbs, aiy cgftiof pgtbftoilly bcgfgaoc aofbrilozitogf. Dri`bs cgul` rifdb erga 9.> tg 3.> d/t
dgl` hisb` gf sureicb trbfcj if` uf`brdrguf` siaplb ifilytocil rbsults.
Ot aust hb fgtb` tjit tjos pgtbftoil quiftoty if` dri`b os cgfcbptuil of fiturb, is sucj,
tjbrb jis hbbf ofsueeocobft bxplgritogf tg `beofb i aofbril rbsgurcb. Ot os ufcbrtiof oe
eurtjbr bxplgritogf woll rbsult of tjb
tjb tirdbts hbofd `blofbitb` is i aofbril rbsgurcb. Pjb
hisos gf wjocj i pgtbftoil tgffidb if` dri`b jis hbbf `btbraofb` ofclu`bs i fuahbr ge
issuaptogfs tjit irb cgvbrb` of sbctogf 94.> of tjos rbpgrt.
Pjb Ifdgsturi ^rgpbrty jis if bxcbllbft dbglgdocil pgtbftoil tjit wirrifts eurtjbr bxplgritogf
wgrm. Pjb prgpbrty jis fbvbr hbbf bxplgrb` hy `rollofd. Pjb wrotbr
wrotbr hblobvbs tjit pgtbftoil bxosts
bxosts
egr, lirdb tgffidb if` lgw dri`b, hulm aofbihlb dgl` aofbrilozitogf if` uf`brdrguf` dgl`
aofbrilozitogf.
U. Kiriaollg rbcgaabf`s tjit i egllgw-up bxplgritogf prgdria hb cgfùctb` gvbr tjb prgpbrty.
Ot wgul` cgfsost ge if ofotoil
ofotoil ^jisb O `roll prgdria gf a
aofbrilozb`
ofbrilozb` zgfbs 9 if` 8, i aidfbtoc if`
O^/rbsostovoty dbgpjysocil survby gvbr tjb wbstbrf if` bistbrf bxtbfsogfs ge tjb aofbrilozb`
structurb if` tjb `bvblgpabft ge uf`brdrguf` bxplgritogf tuffbls oftg zgfbs 9 if` 8. ^jisb OO ge
tjb bxplgritogf prgdria wgul` ofclu`b dbglgdocil aippofd, trbfcjofd gvbr ifgailgus
dbgpjysocil irbis, egllgwb` hy òiagf` `rollofd.
^jisb O; (3 agftjs)
• @oiagf` @rollofd; Ipprgxoaitbly 98 òiagf` `roll jglbs egr i tgtil ge 8,942 abtbrs ge JY

òiabtbr sjgul` hb `rollb` of sblbctb` irbis ge aofbrilozb` zgfbs 9 if` 8.
• Dbgpjysocs; -i aidfbtoc survby sjgul` hb cgaplbtb` gvbr tjb irbi ge oftbrbst

-if O^/rbsostovoty survby sjgul` hb cgaplbtb`.
• Rf`brdrguf` Bxplgritogf; tuffbls oftg zgfbs 9 if` 8.
Pjb tgtil cgst egr pjisb O os ipprgxoaitbly RS $ 048,54>
^jisb OO; (2 agftjs)
• Dbglgdocil aippofd if` trbfcjofd gvbr ifgailgus dbgpjysocil irbis.
• @oiagf` @rollofd; Ipprgxoaitbly 8> òiagf` `roll jglbs egr i tgtil ge 2,>>> abtbrs ge JY
òiabtbr sjgul` hb `rollb` of sblbctb` irbis wbst
wb st if` bist ge aofbrilozb` zgfbs 9 if` 8.
Pjb tgtil cgst egr pjisb OO ( 2 agftjs ùritogf) os ipprgxoaitbly RS $ :39,5>>
Pgtil egr ^jisb O if` OO 1 $ 9,3>0,>>>

Pjb Ifdgsturi ^rgpbrty Pbcjfocil Xbpgrt 9

Fgvbahbr 3>, 8>>5
9.> OFPXG@RCPOGF
9.9 DBFBXIL
Gf Aiy 9, 8>>8 Iduoli cgftrictb` I.C.I. Jgwb Oftbrfitogfil Lt`. (“Jgwb‑) tg cgaplbtb i ùb
òlodbfcb siaplofd prgdria gf tjb Ifdgsturi ^rgpbrty lgcitb` of sgutjbrf ^bru, egllgwb` hy i
tbcjfocil rbpgrt. Xghbrt Cofots, ^.Dbg, cgaplbtb` tjos wgrm gf hbjile ge Jgwb. Pjb eobl` prgdria wis
cgfcbftritb` gvbr tjb aiof aofbrilozb` bxpgsurbs it Ifdgsturi ([gfbs 9 if` 8) wotj sgab
prgspbctofd gf tjb bistbrf bxtbfsogf. Ar. Cofots of jos rbpgrt rbcgaabf`b` tjit i twg pjisb rbsults
`rovbf bxplgritogf prgdria hb cgftofub` (Cofots 8>>8).
Of Iprol 8>>3 Iduoli rbtiofb` U. Kiriaollg, ^.Dbg. tg cgaplbtb pirt ge tjb ofotoil pjisb bxplgritogf
prgdria rbcgaabf`b` hy Jgwb. Hbtwbbf Aiy 0 if` 39, 8>>3 tjb iutjgr wis gf sotb it tjb prgpbrty
(8: ìys) if` cgaplbtb` pirt ge tjb ofotoil pjisb bxplgritogf prgdria
prgdria rbcgaabf`b` hy Jgwb.
Dbglgdocil eobl`wgrm wis tg cgfeora prbvogusly rbpgrtb` rbsults, if` `btbraofb tjb litbril cgftofuoty
ge aofbrilozb` zgfbs 9 if` 8 tg tjb bist if` wbst. Erga tjos wgrm i FO 03-9>9 rbpgrt wis cgaplbtb`
hy tjb iutjgr (Kiriaollg U., Kuly 8>>3).
Gf Iudust 3, 8>>5 Iduoli Iabrocif Xbsgurcbs Lt` rbtiofb` Uoctgr I. Kiriaollg, A.Sc.I., ^.Dbg., i
dbglgdocil cgfsultift wotj @oscgvbr Dbglgdocil Cgfsultifts, wotj tjb tbras ge rbebrbfcb egr tjos
issodfabft cgfsostofd ge uf`brtimofd i gfb ìy eobl` vosot tg tjb Ifdgsturi ^rgpbrty of gr`br tg
rbcgaabf` òiagf` `roll jglb lgcitogfs if` tg rbvobw prbvogus dbglgdocil wgrm `gfb it tjb
Ifdgsturi ^rgpbrty. Agrb rbcbftly, gf Fgvbahbr 9, 8>>5 tjb iutjgr wis rbtiofb` hy Iduoli Iabrocif
tg prbpirb i FO 03-9>9 cgaploift rbpgrt gf tjb Ifdgsturi prgpbrty.
bxplgritogf cgfcbssogfs if` twg clioas wjocj cgvbr tjb aiof pgrtogf ge tjb Ifdgsturi Dgl` ^rgpbrty.
Pjb prgkbct irbi os lgcitb` of sgutjbrf ^bru of tjb @bpirtabft ge Ipuroaic, ipprgxoaitbly 03>
molgabtbrs sgutjbist ge Loai if` :> molgabtbrs sgutjwbst ge tjb coty ge Cuzcg, if` cif hb rbicjb`
ilgfd pivb` jodjwiys if` drivbl rgi`s. Pjb irbi os aguftiofgus if` blbvitogfs gf tjb prgpbrty viry
hbtwbbf ipprgxoaitbly 3,3>> abtbrs if` 0,9>> abtbrs.
9.8 PBXAS GE XBEBXBFCB
Uoctgr I. Kiriaollg, A.Sc.I., ^.Dbg., i dbglgdocil cgfsultift wotj @oscgvbr Dbglgdocil Cgfsultifts,
wis rbtiofb` hy Iduoli Iabrocif Xbsgurcbs Lt`. gf Iudust 3, 8>>5 wotj tjb tbras ge rbebrbfcb egr
tjos issodfabft cgfsostofd ge uf`brtimofd i gfb ìy eobl` vosot tg tjb Ifdgsturi ^rgpbrty of gr`br tg
rbcgaabf` òiagf` `roll jglb lgcitogfs if` tg rbvobw prbvogus dbglgdocil wgrm `gfb it tjb
Ifdgsturi ^rgpbrty. Agrb rbcbftly, gf Fgvbahbr 9, 8>>5 tjb iutjgr wis rbtiofb` hy Iduoli Iabrocif
tg prbpirb i FO 03-9>9 cgaploift rbpgrt gf tjb Ifdgsturi prgpbrty.
Uoctgr I. Kiriaollg, ^.Dbg. ^rbso`bft ge @oscgvbr Dbglgdocil Cgfsultifts, prgvo`bs dbglgdocil
cgfsultofd sbrvocbs
A.Sc.I. @bdrbb tg tjb oftbrfitogfil
of Aofbril Bxplgritogf. aofofd ofùstry,
Ar. Kiriaollg jisjgl`s
gvbr i82H.Sc.
ybirs@bdrbb of Dbglgdy
ge prgebssogfil if` if
bxpbrobfcb,
if` jis prbvogusly jbl` pgsotogfs is ^rgkbct Aifidbr, Bxplgritogf Aifidbr if` Cjobe Dbglgdost egr
sbvbril Fgrtj Iabrocif Aofofd Cgapifobs. Jb os i abahbr of dgg` stifòfd ge Pjb Issgcoitogf ge

Fgvbahbr 3>, 8>>5
^rgebssogfil Bfdofbbrs if` Dbgscobftosts ge Hrotosj Cgluahoi, i Ebllgw ge tjb Dbglgdocil Issgcoitogf
ge Cifiì if` i Ebllgw ge tjb Sgcobty ge Bcgfgaoc Dbglgdosts.
9.3 SCG^B, SGRXCBS GE OFEGXAIPOGF IF@ @OSCLIOABX
Of prbpirofd tjos rbpgrt, tjb iutjgr jis rblob` of pirt gf dbglgdocil rbpgrts if` aips aoscbllifbgus
tbcjfocil pipbrs, puhlosjb` dgvbrfabft rbpgrts if` jostgrocil `gcuabfts lostb` of tjb “Sblbctb`
Xbebrbfcbs‑ sbctogf it tjb cgfclusogf ge tjos rbpgrt, puhloc ofegraitogf if` tjb wrotbr‟s bxpbrobfcb.
Pjos rbpgrt os hisb` gf ofegraitogf mfgwf tg tjb wrotbr is ge Fgvbahbr 89, 8>>5. Ill abisurbabft
ufots usb` of tjos rbpgrt irb abtroc, if` currbfcy
cu rrbfcy os bxprbssb` of RS `gllirs uflbss stitb` gtjbrwosb.
Hbtwbbf Aiy 0 if` 39, 8>>3 tjb iutjgr wis gf sotb it tjb prgpbrty (egr 8: ìys) if` cgaplbtb` pirt
ge tjb ofotoil pjisb bxplgritogf prgdria rbcgaabf`b` hy Jgwb. Dbglgdocil eobl`wgrm wis tg cgfeora
prbvogusly rbpgrtb` rbsults, if` `btbraofb tjb litbril cgftofuoty ge aofbrilozb` zgfbs 9 if` 8 tg tjb
bist if` wbst. Erga tjos wgrm i FO 03-9>9 rbpgrt wis cgaplbtb` hy tjb iutjgr.
U. Kiriaollg jis gfly rbvobwb` tjb lif` tbfurb of i prbloaofiry eisjogf if` jis fgt of`bpbf`bftly
vbroeob` tjb lbdil stitus gr gwfbrsjop ge tjb prgpbrtobs.
Pjb rbsults if` gpofogfs bxprbssb` of tjos rbpgrt irb hisb` gf U. Kiriaollg‟s rbcbft eobl` ofspbctogf
if` tjb dbglgdocil ìti lostb` of tjb “Sgurcbs ge Ofegraitogf‑.
Pjb rbsults if` gpofogfs bxprbssb` of tjos rbpgrt irb cgfòtogfil upgf tjb iegrbabftogfb` dbglgdocil
if` lbdil ofegraitogf hbofd currbft, iccuritb, if` cgaplbtb is ge tjb ìtb ge tjos rbpgrt, if` tjit fg
ofegraitogf jis hbbf wotjjbl` wjocj wgul` ieebct tjb cgfclusogfs ai`b jbrbof. U. Kiriaollg rbsbrvbs
rbsbrvbs
tjb rodjt, hut woll fgt hb ghlodb`, tg rbvosb tjb rbpgrt if` cgfclusogfs oe i`òtogfil ofegraitogf
hbcgabs mfgwf suhsbqubft tg tjb ìtb ge tjos rbpgrt.
rbpg rt. U. Kiriaollg `gbs fgt issuab rbspgfsoholoty egr
Iduoli Iabrocif‟s ictogfs of òstrohutofd tjos rbpgrt.
8.> XBLOIFCB GF GPJBX BZ^BXPS
Pjb iutjgr ge tjos rbpgrt os rblyofd gf tjb egllgwofd rbpgrts;
- Ubli L. bt il., Gctghbr 8>>5, Ifdgsturi ^rgkbct 8>>5/8>>4 Bxplgritogf ^rgdria. Oftbrfil
Oftbrfil Iduoli
Iabrocif Xbpgrt.
- Kiriaollg, U., Kuly 8>>3, Dbglgdocil Xbpgrt
Xb pgrt gf tjb Ifdgsturi ^rgpbrty prbpirb` egr Iduoli Iabrocif
Xbsgurcbs Lt`.
Cofots, X. , 8>>8, Dbglgdocil Xbpgrt gf tjb Ifdgsturi ^rgpbrty, rbpgrt gf hbjile ge I.C.I. Jgwb
Oftbrfitogfil Lt`. egr Iduoli Iabrocif Xbsgurcbs Lt`.
Xgkis X., Sbptbahbr 8>>5, Abtillurdocil tbst gf tjb Ifdgsturi ^rgpbrty

^rgpbrty aofbrilozitogf, egr Iduoli
Iabrocif Xbsgurcbs Lt`.

Fgvbahbr 3>, 8>>5
3.> ^XG^BXP_ @BSCXO^POGF, SPIPRS IF@ LGCIPOGF
Pjb Ifdgsturi ^rgpbrty os lgcitb` of sgutjbrf ^bru of tjb @bpirtabft ge Ipuroaic, Driu ^rgvofcb
ipprgxoaitbly 03> molgabtbrs sgutjbist ge Loai it tjb ipprgxoaitb RPA cggròfitbs 420,>>> B,
:0042>> F (sbb Eodurb 9).
bxplgritogf cgfcbssogfs if` twg clioas. Gfb ge Iduoli‟s bxplgritogf cgfcbssogfs (@blocoi) wjocj
cgvbrs ipprgxoaitbly 9>>> jbctirbs (sbb Eodurb 8) os rbdostbrb` uf`br tjb fiab ge Luos Ilhbrtg
[uaibti Hieeodg wjg os tjb currbft totlb jgl`br. Pjb gtjbr cgfcbssogfs wjocj irb jbl` of trust hy
Rlosbs Xiul Sglos Llipi if` Kioab Airtof Uollivocbfcog Dillir`g irb 9>>% gwfb` hy Iduoli.
Gf Iprol 92, 8>>8 Iduoli sodfb` i lbttbr ge oftbft wotj Ar. [uaibti tg bftbr oftg if gptogf idrbbabft.
Pjos Lbttbr ge Oftbft wis litbr agòeob` gf Gctghbr
Gctghb r 0, 8>>8 wjbrbhy Iduoli cif icquorb i 42% oftbrbst
ge tjb @blocoi Cgfcbssogf (prbvogusly mfgwf is “Pjb Ifdgsturi ^rgpbrty‑). Pjb tbras ge tjb
idrbbabft wbrb egr Iduoli tg jivb i 02 ìy bxclusovb gptogf tg cgaplbtb tjbor ùb òlodbfcb ge tjos
prgpbrty, ietbr wjocj toab, tjby wgul` bftbr oftg i egrail gptogf idrbbabft. Xghbrt Cofots, ^.Dbg. ò`
tjb ùb òlodbfcb prgdria gf hbjile ge I.C.I. Jgwb ùrofd Aiy 8>>8 (Cofots, 8>>8) wotj eivgrihlb
rbsults. Pjb LGO (fgw if Gptogf Idrbbabft), woll jivb i ùritogf ge 3 ybirs, stirtofd gfb ybir ietbr
tjb sodfofd ge i wgrm idrbbabft wotj tjb cgaaufoty ge Agllbpofi. Pjos wgrm idrbbabft is tjb wrotbr
wis ofegrab` hy Iduoli woll hb sodfb` of tjb fbxt ebw wbbms. Pjb gptogf idrbbabft cgfsosts of tjb
egllgwofd;
Cisj îyabft ($RS)

Poaofd Id uo li Sjirbs
Sj irbs Tgr m ^r
^rgd
gd ria
Rpgf Sodfofd (*) $82,>>> ---------
Rpgf bxcjifdb ipprgvil (*) --------- 8>>,>>>
?> ìys ietbr bxcjifdb ipprgvil (*) $82,>>> --------- $2>,>>>
9:> ìys ietbr bxcjifdb ipprgvil $2>,>>> 8>>,>>> $2>,>>>
35> ìys ietbr bxcjifdb ipprgvil $8>>,>>>
98 agftjs ietbr bxcjifdb ipprgvil $9>>,>>> 0>>,>>>
80 agftjs
35 agftjs ietbr
ietbr bxcjifdb
bxcjifdb ipprgvil
ipprgvil $3>>,>>> 5>>,>>> $32>,>>>
$42>,>>>
PGPILS $2>>,>>> 9,0>>,>>> $9,0>>,>>>
(*) Icjobvb`/Cgaplbtb`
Pihlb 9; Cisj, Sjirb Gptogf îyabfts if` Tgrm ^rgdria Cgaaotabft
Ietbr bxbrcosb ge tjb gptogf, Ar. [uaibti (tjb “Gwfbr‑) woll drift i eurtjbr bxclusovb rodjt tg tjb
Iduoli Iabrocif Xbsgurcbs ( tjb “Huybr‑) tg icquorb if i`òtogfil ufòvo`b` oftbrbst of tjb
prgpbrty (@blocoi) gf tjb egllgwofd tbras;
(o) Cgaplbtogf hy tjb Huybr ge i hifmihlb ebisoholoty

ebisoholoty stu`y tg cgvbr i eurtjbr 92% gwfbrsjop ge
tjb aofbril rodjts.
(oo) Gwfbr jis 5> ìys tg `btbraofb oe jb wosjbs tg euf` jos rbaiofofd 9>% pgrtogf.
ooo) Oe tjb Gwfbr eiols tg piy cisj egr tjb ebisoholoty stu`y, tjbf jb sjill lggsb tjb rodjt tg euf`
euf`

Fgvbahbr 3>, 8>>5
if` woll hb cirrob` it i 9>% fbt prgeots oftbrbst, hut 9>>% ge tjb prgpbrty woll tjbf rbvbrt tg
Iduoli Iabrocif Xbsgurcbs Lt`.
Is eir is U. Kiriaollg os iwirb, tjbrb irb fg

f g pbfòfd bfvorgfabftil loiholotobs issgcoitb` wotj tjb
prgpbrty if` Iduoli woll hb ghlodb` tg cgaply wotj ^bru‟s bfvorgfabftil liws if` tjb bfvorgfabftil
pbraottofd prgcbss is tjb prgkbcts i`vifcbs.
Sureicb rodjts tg tjb prgpbrty irbi irb agstly jbl` hy lgcil eirabrs if` fbdgtoitogfs wgul` jivb tg hb
`gfb wotj tjba tg diof iccbss rodjts (huolòfd rgi`s, `roll pi`s, trbfcjbs, btc).
Eodurb 9; Pjb Ifdgsturi ^rgpbrty Lgcitogf

Lgcitogf Aip

Fgvbahbr 3>, 8>>5

^jgtg 9; Curpijuiso tg Agllbpofi iccbss rgi`
(Ubli L., bt. Il., Gctghbr 8>>5)
Eodurb 8; Pjb Ifdgstur
Ifdgsturi
i ^rgpbrty Clioa Aip (Ubli L., bt. Il., Gctghbr 8>>5)

Fgvbahbr 3>, 8>>5
Pjb cgfcbssogfs if` clioas wotj tjbor cgrrbspgfòfd

c grrbspgfòfd sozb irb is egllgws;
F» Cg f c bs s o g f Fia b Gw f br g e Cg f c bs s o g f Ir bi (Ji.) @bp ir t a bf t ^r g v o f c b Bx p o r y @it b
8 IFDGSPRXI OO RLOSBS XIRL SGLOS LLIÎ ?>> I^RXOAIC DXIR 3>-Kuf->4

3 IFDGSPRXI OOO RLOSBS XIRL SGLOS LLIÎ 5>> I^RXOAIC DXIR 3>-Kuf->4
0 IFDGSPRXI OU IDROLI IABXOCIF XBSGRXCB LOAOPB@ S.I.C. ???.8: I^RXOAIC DXIR 3>-Kuf->4
5 IFDGSPRXI U KJGF XOCJIX@ XB_FIL@G SR_G 9>> I^RXOAIC DXIR 3>-Kuf->4
2 IFDGSPRXI ^XOABXI KIOAB AIXPOF UOLLIUOCBFCOG DILLIX@G 0>> I^RXOAIC DXIR 3>-Kuf->4
4 IFDGSPRXI UOOO IDROLI IABXOCIF XBSGRXCB LOAOPB@ S.I.C. 9>> I^RXOAIC DXIR 3>-Kuf->4
: @BLOCOI LROS ILHBXPG [RAIBPI HIEEODG ???.8: I^RXOAIC DXIR 3>-Kuf->4
93 IFDGSPRXI UO RLOSBS XIRL SGLOS LLIÎ 0>> I^RXOAIC DXIR 3>-Kuf->4
95 IFDGSPRXI UOO RLOSBS XIRL SGLOS LLIÎ 0>> I^RXOAIC DXIR 3>-Kuf->4
8> IFDGSPRXI RLOSBS XIRL SGLOS LLIÎ 8??.4? I^RXOAIC DXIR 3>-Kuf->4
Pgtill J
Pgti Jbcti
bctirbs
rbs 1 29?:
29?:.3
.32
2
Clioas if` Aofofd Cgfcbssogfs jbl` hy Iduoli Iabrocif

PIHLB 8; Lost ge Cgfcbssogfs if` Clioas – Ifdgsturi ^rgpbrty

F» Cg f c bs s og f Fia b Gwf br g e Cg f c bs s og f I r bi (Ji.) @bp ir t a bf t ^r g v of c b B x p or y @it b
98 MRXÎJRISO O O AO FB XI I HZ B Z^ LGXICO GFBS S.I. 2>> I^ RXO AI C DX I R 3>-Kuf->4
90 MRXÎJRISO O U AO FBXI IHZ B Z^ LGXICO GFBS S.I. ?? ?.8 : I ^RXO AIC DX I R 3>-Kuf->4
92 MRXÎJRISO U AO FBXI IHZ B Z^ LGXICO GFB S S.I. 2? ?.2 4 I ^RXO AIC DX I R 3>-Kuf->4
^rgpbrtobs jbl` hy tjor` pirtobs
PIHLB 3; Lost ge Cgfcbssogfs if` Clioas gwfb` hy tjor` pirtobs i`kicbft
tg Ifdgsturi
Pjb Dbfbril Aofofd Liw ge ^bru `beofbs if` rbdulitbs òeebrbft citbdgrobs ge aofofd ictovotobs,
rifdofd erga siaplofd if` prgspbctofd tg `bvblgpabft, aofofd, if` prgcbssofd. Aofofd cgfcbssogfs
irb driftb` usofd RPA cggròfitbs tg `beofb irbis dbfbrilly rifdofd erga 9>> ji tg 9,>>> ji of sozb.
Aofofd totlbs irb orrbvgcihlb if` pbrpbtuil, is lgfd is tjb totlbjgl`br aioftiofs piyabft ge tjb
“@brbcjg Uodbfcoi‑ ebbs up tg ìtb tg tjb Aofostry ge Bfbrdy if` Aofbs. I jgl`br aust piy i
“vodbfcoi‑ (iffuil aioftbfifcb ebb) ge RS $3/ji (egr abtilloc aofbril cgfcbssogfs) egr bicj
cgfcbssogf ictuilly icquorb`, gr egr i pbfòfd ipplocitogf (pbtotgrog gr clioa), it tjb toab ge
icquosotogf if` tjbf hy Kufb 3>tj ge bicj suhsbqubft ybir tg aioftiof tjb cgfcbssogf. Is sucj ill tjb
drguf` tjit cgaprosbs tjb Ifdgsturi ^rgpbrty os of dgg` stifòfd.
Pjb cgfcbssogf jgl`br aust sustiof i aofoaua lbvbl ge iffuil cgaabrcoil prgùctogf ge drbitbr tjif
RS$9>>/ji of drgss silbs hbegrb tjb bf` ge tjb soxtj ybir ge tjb driftofd ge i cgfcbssogf= gr, oe tjb
cgfcbssogf jis fgt hbbf put oftg prgùctogf wotjof tjit pbrog` (hy tjb eorst sbabstbr ge tjb sbvbftj
ybir), tjb iffuil rbftil ofcrbisbs tg RS $?/ji (RS$3 egr vodbfcoi plus i RS$5 pbfilty) uftol tjb
aofoaua prgùctogf lbvbl os abt. Oe hy tjb stirt ge tjb twbletj ybir tjb aofoaua prgùctogf lbvbl jis
stoll fgt hbbf icjobvb` tjbf tjb iffuil rbftil ofcrbisbs tg RS $83/ji tjbrbietbr (RS$3 egr vodbfcoi plus
i RS$8> pbfilty). Pjb cgfcbssogf jgl`br cif hb bxgfbritb` erga piyofd tjb pbfilty oe jb cif
`bagfstritb tjit ùrofd tjb prbvogus ybir jb jis “ofvbstb`‑ if bquovilbft ge fg lbss tjif tbf toabs tjb
pbfilty egr tjb tgtil cgfcbssogf. Pjos ofvbstabft aust hb `gcuabftb` ilgfd wotj tjb cgpy ge tjb
“`bcliricoóf kuriì `b oapubstg i li rbfti‑ (iffuil tix stitbabft) if` tjb piyabft ge tjb iffuil

Fgvbahbr 3>, 8>>5
“@brbcjg Uodbfcoi‑ ebbs. Pjb cgfcbssogf woll tbraofitb oe tjb iffuil rbftil os fgt pio` egr tjrbb ybirs
of tgtil gr egr twg cgfsbcutovb ybirs. Pjb tbra ge i cgfcbssogf os of`beofotb prgvo`b` ot os prgpbrly
aioftiofb` hy piyabft ge rbftil ebbs.
I ^bruvoif aofofd cgfcbssogf os i prgpbrty-rblitb` rodjt, òstofct if` of`bpbf`bft erga tjb gwfbrsjop
ge lif` gf wjocj ot os lgcitb`, bvbf wjbf hgtj hblgfd tg tjb siab pbrsgf. Pjb rodjts driftb` hy i
aofofd cgfcbssogf irb `bebfsohlb idiofst tjor` pirtobs, irb trifsebrihlb if` cjirdbihlb, if`, of dbfbril,
aiy hb tjb suhkbct ge ify trifsictogf gr

jttp;//www.aofbri.dgh.pb/aofbroi/lbdoslicogf/ìti/@.S.FW>90-?8-LSA.`gc
jttp;//www.aofbri.dgh.pb/aofbroi/lbdoslicogf/ìti/@.S.FW>90-?8-LSA.`gc.
. cgftrict. Sbb;
Pg hb bfegrcbihlb, ify if` ill trifsictogfs if` cgftricts pbrtiofofd tg i aofofd cgfcbssogf aust hb
bftbrb` oftg i puhloc `bb` if` rbdostbrb` wotj tjb ûhloc Aofofd Xbdostry (Xbdostrg ûhlocg `b
Aofbroi). Cgfvbrsbly, tjb jgl`br ge i aofofd cgfcbssogf aust `bvblgp if` gpbritb jos/jbr cgfcbssogf
of i prgdrbssovb aiffbr, of cgaploifcb wotj ipplocihlb siebty if` bfvorgfabftil rbdulitogfs if` wotj
ill fbcbssiry stbps tg ivgo` tjor`-pirty ìaidbs. Pjb cgfcbssogf jgl`br aust pbraot iccbss tg tjgsb
aofofd iutjgrotobs rbspgfsohlb egr issbssofd tjit tjb cgfcbssogf jgl`br os abbtofd ill ghloditogfs.
0.> ICCBSSOHOLOP_, CLOAIPB, LGCIL XBSGRXCBS, OFEXISPXRCPRXB

IF@ ^J_SOGDXI^J
^ J_SOGDXI^J_ _
Pjb
jodj ^rgpbrty os lgcitb` ipprgxoaitbly
If`bif Cgròllbri, :> molgabtbrs
wjbrb blbvitogfs sgutjwbst
viry hbtwbbf ge Cuscg
ipprgxoaitbly of aguftiofgus
3,8>> tbrriofabtbrs.
abtbrs if` 0,0>> ge tjb
Iccbss tg tjb ^rgpbrty os hbst erga tjb coty ge Cuscg, wjocj os sbrvocb` hy fuabrgus ìoly kbt elodjts
erga Loai. Erga Cuscg gfb trivbls ilgfd ipprgxoaitbly 832 molgabtbrs ge pivb` jodjwiy if` drivbl
rgi`s, wjocj timbs ipprgxoaitbly 9> jgurs tg `rovb (sbb `btiols of Pihlb 8, hblgw).
@bstofitogf @ostifcb (ma) @rovofd Poab Xgi` Cgfòtogfs

Cuscg -Ihifciy 8>> 0 jgurs îvb` jodjwiy
Ihifciy-Cjuquohiaholli 98> 2 jgurs Dgg` drivbl
Cjuquohiaholli -Curpijuiso 9> 32 aofutbs Xbisgfihlb drivbl
Curpijuiso -Ifdgsturi 0 92 aofutbs 0 wjbbl `rovb
^rgpbrty
Pihlb 0; Iccbss Xgutb tg tjb ^rgpbrty
Pjb eofil pgrtogf ge tjb `rovb erga Curpijuiso tg tjb Ifdgsturi ^rgpbrty os ilgfd i òrt if` drivbl
rgi`. Iltbrfitovbly, tjb prgpbrty cif hb rbicjb` erga Loai ilgfd pivb` jodjwiy erga Loai tg
Ihifciy (ipprgxoaitbly 90 jgur `rovb) egllgwb` hy tjb rgutb is `bscrohb` ihgvb.
Pjbrb os sodfoeocift bxplgritogf prgkbcts if`/gr prbvogus prgùcofd aofbs of tjb dbfbril vocofoty ge tjb
Ifdgsturi ^rgpbrty, sucj is tjb Lis Hiahis ^rgkbct, if` tjb clgsbst gpbritofd aofb os If`bif
Iabrocif‟s Sifti Xgsi Dgl` Aofb, wjocj os ipprgxoaitbly 8> molgabtbrs sgutj, if` HJ^‟s Poftiyi
Aofb wjocj os ipprgxoaitbly 90> molgabtbrs tg tjb sgutjbist.
Pjb prgkbct irbi os lgcitb` of tjb ^bruvoif Jodj If`bif Cgròllbri. Pjb cloaitb of tjos rbdogf os
cgfso`brb` suh ilpofb, wjocj jis hgtj i `ry if` riofy sbisgf. Dbfbrilly tjb woftbr agftjs (Aiy tg

Pjb Ifdgsturi ^rgpbrty Pbcjfocil Xbpgrt :
Fgvbahbr 3>, 8>>5
Fgvbahbr) jivb vbry lottlb prbcopotitogf wjolb tjb suaabr agftjs (@bcbahbr tg Iprol) jivb tjb
jbivobst riofs. Suaabrtoab ìytoab tbapbriturbs irb vbry plbisift, dbfbrilly rifdofd hbtwbbf 92»
if` 8>» C, wjolb fodjttoab lgws rifdb hbtwbbf 2» if` 9>» C. Of tjb woftbr agftjs ìytoab
tbapbriturbs ivbridb ihgut 9>» tg 92»C if` rirbly
rirbly `rgp hblgw >» C it fodjt. Pjb irbi surrgufòfd tjb
^rgpbrty os vbdbtitb` hy aguftiof drissbs if` sjruhs wotj pgrtogfs hbofd cultovitb` hy lgcil eirabrs
gr usb` egr drizofd.
Iltjgudj bxplgritogf cif cgftofub ybir rguf` of tjos pirt ge ^bru, ot os hbst `gfb gutso`b ge tjb riofy
sbisgf, hbtwbbf Iprol tg Fgvbahbr.

Curpijuiso os i vollidb of tjb Driu ^rgvofcb, wjgsb cipotil os tjb tgwf ge Cjuquohiaholli, of tjb
@bpirtabft ge Ipuroaic. Fbir tjb Curpijuiso òstroct irb tjb vollidbs ge Agllbpoùi if` Pistipiti,
wjocj irb fbir tjb Ifdgsturi ^rgpbrty
Pjb aiof bcgfgaoc ictovoty of Curpijuiso os idroculturb if` cittlb rifcjofd. It Agllbpoùi tjb
vollidbrs sbll tbxtolb prgùcts (clgtjbs). Ilagst ill tjb cgaaufotobs irguf` tjb ^rgpbrty jivb sgab
cittlb of tjb jodjlif`s ge tjb zgfb.
Of tjb Curpijuiso òstroct tjbrb irb ilagst 3,>>> ofjihotifts if` of tjb Agllbpoùi if` Pistipiti vollidb
tjbrb irb ipprgxoaitbly 0> tg 98 jgusbs rbspbctovbly.
^jgtg 8; Pjb Agllbpofi vollidb, lgcitb` ipprgxoaitbly 0 Ma tg tjb sgutj
Pjb Ifdgsturi ^rgpbrty Pbcjfocil Xbpgrt ?

Fgvbahbr 3>, 8>>5
ge tjb aiof aofbrilozb` trbf`. (Ubli L., bt. Il., Gctghbr 8>>5)
TIPBX SR^^L_;
Of tjb jodj aguftiof irbis gf tjb prgpbrty, tjbrb irb aify witbr sgurcbs, wotj i stbi`y elgw ge witbr
ill ybir rguf`. Pjbsb witbr sgurcbs irb bfgudj supply egr tjb fbir cgaaufotobs if` egr ify ofùstroil
ictovoty. Pjb aofbrilozb` zgfb lobs hbtwbbf 3,55> tg 0,>>> abtbrs ihgvb sbi lbvbl, if` os i typocil
jodj lif` irbi ge tjb If`bif cgròllbri, wjbrb tjbrb irb aify sgurcbs ge witbr lomb wbtlif`s, dlicoil
limbs, if` lidggfs. Titbr supply ofcrbisbs ùrofd tjb riofy sbisgf of tjb agftjs ge Gctghbr tg Aircj.
^jgtg 3; Uobw ge tjb Ifdgsturi Crbbm lggmofd fgrtjwbst.

Pjb witbr strbias egra pirt ge i jy`rgdripjoc hisofd ge : x : Ma irbi, cgapgsb` hy tjb Ifdgsturi,
Sirijuiykg, îlci, Yubllgkisi if` îcg Icjg Crbbms. Pjgsb hgrf gf tjb fgrtjwbst so`b oftg tjb
Yubllgcgcji if` Eitg dlicoil lidggfs, lgcitb` hbtwbbf 5 Ma if` 9> Ma erga tjb Ifdgsturi prgkbct.
Pjb Ifdgsturi ^rgpbrty Pbcjfocil Xbpgrt 9>

Fgvbahbr 3>, 8>>5

^gwbr;
Pjrgudj tjb Ifdgsturi prgpbrty crgssbs tjb oftbrcgffbctb` sgutj blbctrocil dro`, wjocj cgabs erga
tjb Cjuquohiaholli blbctrocil suh stitogf (wotj i trifsaossogf cipicoty ge up tg 55Mv). Erga tjos
pgwbr suh-stitogf blbctrocoty os òstrohutb` tg sbvbril tgwfs if` fbirhy cgaaufotobs, is tjb
Curpijuiso òstroct if` tjb vollidbs ge Pistipiti if`
i f` Agllbpofi wotj 88.? Mv cipicoty.
cipic oty.
Eodurb 3; Pjb Cjuquoh

Cjuquohiaholli-Curpijuiso
iaholli-Curpijuiso ^gwbr Dro` Fbtwgrm
2.> JOSPGX_ GE PJB IFDGSPRXI ^XG^BXP_
Bvo`bfcb ge saill scilb aofofd ictovotobs of tjb vocofoty ge tjb Ifdgsturi ^rgpbrty ìtbs hicm is eir is
Spifosj Cglgfoil toabs, wjbf dgl` aofbrilozb` orgf-aifdifbsb gxo`b wis aofb` erga pots if`
trbfcjbs, of tjb jodj dri`b zgfbs, is wbll is erga uf`brdrguf` òddofds. Sbvbril hgwl ssjipb` jipb`
`bprbssogfs, eguf` cirvb` oftg lirdb hgul`brs fbir tjb rovbr, wbrb usb` hy tjb birly Spifosj aofbrs tg
crusj tjb aofbrilozb` rgcm.
Xblitovbly ebw aofofd ictovotobs gccurrb` it Ifdgsturi ietbr tjos pbrog` if` ot os prbsuab` tjit tjb
prgpbrty sit `graift
`g raift uftol ot wis rbvobwb` of 9??3 hy Cgapifoi Iuroebri Ipuroaic
Ipu roaic S.I. ( ““CII‑).
CII‑).
Pjos wgrm cgfsostb` ge dbglgdocil aippofd cgvbrofd ?5 jbctirbs if` bxcivitogf ge virogus trbfcjbs
oftg tjb aiof aofbrilozb` zgfb. Siaplofd ge ? rgcm cjop cjiffbls ivbridb` 3.>0 d/t dgl` if` 2.?9 d/t
solvbr. Pjb egllgwofd ybir CII rbturfb` tg tjb prgpbrty tg cgaplbtb i egllgw-up bxplgritogf prgdria

Fgvbahbr 3>, 8>>5
wjocj cgfsostb` ge rbdogfil dbglgdocil aippofd, tgpgdripjocil survbyofd if` trbfcjofd icrgss zgfbs 9
if` 8. Prbfcj cjiffbl cjop siaplb rbsults ivbridb` hbtwbbf 3.> tg 4.> d/t dgl` (Cofots, 8>>8).
Of @bcbahbr ge 9??0 CII sjgwb` tjb prgpbrty tg îfdbi ^bru S.I. of if ittbapt tg bftbr oftg if
gptogf idrbbabft. Siaplb rbsults ghtiofb` hy îfdbi wbrb dbfbrilly cgfsostbft wotj tjgsb prbvogusly
ghtiofb` hy CII, if` it tjb cgfclusogf ge îfdbi‟s rbpgrt tjby cgfso`brb` tjb Ifdgsturi prgspbct tg
hb i dgg` tirdbt egr dgl` bxplgritogf, hut i `
`bil
bil wis fbvbr sodfb` hbtwbbf tjb twg cgapifobs
cgapi fobs (Cofots,
8>>8).
Of Kufb 9??2, ^licbr @gab (“^licbr‑) vosotb` tjb Ifdgsturi ^rgpbrty it tjb rbqubst ge CII. ^licbr
cgfclu`b` tjit tjb tgtil prgspbctovb irbi egr dgl` aofbrilozitogf cgvbrb` i stromb lbfdtj ge 0,>>>
abtbrs wotj i wo`tj ge 8>> abtbrs. Pjby ilsg cgfclu`b` tjit tjb aiof pgrtogf ge tjb aofbrilozb` zgfb
cgvbrb` i 8,2>> molgabtbr stromb lbfdtj (gvbr drguf` fgw jbl` hy Iduoli), if` tjit tjb iltbritogf zgfb
issgcoitb` wotj tjb aofbrilozitogf rifdbs of wo`tj hbtwbbf 3> if` 92> abtbrs if` jis if ivbridb
wo`tj ge :> abtbrs. Hisb` gf tjbsb ghsbrvitogfs, ^licbr suddbstb` tjit tjb prgpbrty aodjt jivb tjb
pgtbftoil tg jgst i 9.? aollogf gufcb
guf cb dgl` rbsgurcb (Uolci, 9??2).
9?? 2). Pjb
Pj b ^licbr dbglgdost rbcgaabf`b`
rbcgaabf` b`
tjit if gptogf idrbbabft hb fbdgtoitb` wotj CII tg bxplgrb tjb prgpbrty. If idrbbabft wis fbvbr
sodfb` hbtwbbf ^licbr if` CII, if` is eir is tjb iutjgr os iwirb tjb prgpbrty jis hbbf ofictovb sofcb
tjit toab. Of 8>>>, tjb @blocoi clioa hbciab iviolihlb egregr stimofd if` tjb currbft gwfbr Ar. Luos
Ilhbrtg [uaibti Hieeodg stimb` ot of jos fiab.
5.> DBGLGDOCIL SBPPOFD
5.9 Xbdogfil Dbglgdy
Pjb Ifdgsturi
oftrusovb ^rgpbrty
hblt fbir os lgcitb`
tjb Ihifciy fbir tjbif`
`belbctogf Ipuroaic Hitjglotj,
wjbrb aify wjocjcgppbr
oapgrtift os if if`
ico` dgl`
if` oftbrabòitb
`bpgsots irb
lgcitb` sucj is Lis Hiahis ^rgkbct, Lgs Cjifcis, Cgcjisiyjuis, tjb Sifti Xgsi Aofb, btc.
Erga i rbdogfil pgoft ge vobw, tjb irbi os cgaprosb` ge vglcifoc if` suh-vglcifoc sbqubfcbs, ico` if`
oftbrabòitb oftrusovbs if` sbòabftiry sbqubfcbs ge loabstgfb if` quirtzotb, agst ge tjba irb
egl`b`.
Pjb rbdogfil stritodripjy cgfegras tjb Lgwbr Crbticbgus-idb` Sgriyi Egraitogf. Pjbsb rgcms
cgfsost ge tjof hb`s ge quirtz sif`stgfbs/soltstgfbs, oftbrhb``b` wotj sjilb. Gvbrlyofd tjbsb os tjb
Lgwbr Crbticbgus-idb` Airi Egraitogf, wjocj cgfsosts
cg fsosts ge solty sif`stgfbs if` rb` soltstgfb.
Rfcgfegraihly gvbrlyofd tjbsb ufots os tjb Ao` Crbticbgus-idb` Ebrrghiahi Egraitogf wjocj
cgfsosts ge aiofly aissovb loabstgfb.
Pjb rbdogf os oftru`b` hy virogus oftrusovb pjisbs (drifgògrotb, tgfilotb, if` ògrotb), wjocj irb ill
pirt ge tjb Lgwbr Pbrtoiry-idb` Ipuroaic Hitjglotj.

Fgvbahbr 3>, 8>>5

Eodurb 0; Pjb Ifdgsturi ^rgpbrty DDbfbrilozb`
bfbrilozb` Xbdogfil
Xbdogfil Dbglgdy Aip
5.8 ^rgpbrty Dbglgdy
Pjb dbglgdy ge tjb ^rgpbrty cgfsosts ge ag`britb tg stbbp fgrtj òppofd Crbticbgus loabstgfbs ge tjb
Ebrrghiahi Egraitogf wjocj trbf` BFB ilgfd i cgrro`gr tjit rifdbs of wo`tj erga ipprgxoaitbly 8>>
abtbrs (is ghsbrvb` of tjb wbstbrf irbi ge tjb ^rgpbrty) tg drbitbr tjif 2>> abtbrs of tjb bistbrf irbi.
Pjos loabstgfb cgrro`gr os of eiult cgftict (Uolcihiahi Eiult) tg tjb sgutj wotj oftbrhb``b` tjof liybrs
ge quirtz sif`stgfbs/soltstgfbs if` sjilbs ge tjb Sgriyi Egraitogf ge lgwbr Crbticbgus idb, if` tg tjb
fgrtj hy Pbrtoiry drifgògrotoc oftrusovb rgcms ge tjb Ipuroaic Hitjglotj (SbbEodurb3)

Fgvbahbr 3>, 8>>5

Eodurb 2; Dbfbrilozb` D
Dbglgdy
bglgdy Aip ge Aofb
Aofbrilozb`
rilozb` [gfbs 9 if`
if` 8
4.> @B^GSOP P_^B
Dgl` aofbrilozitogf it tjb Ifdgsturi ^rgpbrty os jgstb` of loabstgfbs. Pjb gxo`b aofbrilozitogf os
cjirictbrozb` hy aissovb if` pirtoil rbplicbabft ge i cgllipsb` loabstgfb hrbccoi structurb. Ot os i
soloci-rocj bpotjbrail dgl` systba wotj jodj cgftbft ge orgf if` aifdifbsb gxo`bs. Fbir sureicb
(uppbr 9>> abtbrs ipprgxoaitbly), tjb dgl` hbirofd gxo`b aofbrilozitogf os cjirictbrozb` hy aissovb
if` pirtoil rbplicbabft ge i cgllipsb` loabstgfb hrbccoi structurb.
Eofb tg abòua driofb` airhlbs ippbirs tg hb tjb rbsult ge lgw tbapbriturb jy`rgtjbrail eluo`s
(cgftict iltbritogf). Of i`òtogf, lgw tbapbriturb iltbritogf ge aidfbtotb aiy jivb hbbf rbplicb`
(airtotozitogf) hy jbaitotb. Hirotb os i aofgr litb pjisb bvbft of bpotjbrail systbas. Of vbofs ot aiy
rbelbct `bpgsotogf issgcoitb` wotj i `bcrbisb of tbapbriturb if` ofcrbisofd gxoìtogf (Pjgapsgf I,
K.H.9??5).
Ipprgxoaitbly 0>% ge dgl` `bpgsots of fgrtjbrf Cirlof (Fbviì) irb eguf` of cgllipsb` hrbccois of
loabstgfbs. Pjos dbfbtoc ag`bl bfvosidbs birly `bcirhgfitozitogf hy icoòc jy`rgtjbrail eluo`s

Fgvbahbr 3>, 8>>5
egcusb` ilgfd eiults, egllgwb` hy cgllipsb ge loabstgfbs, dgl` prbcopotitogf, if` litb-stidb
solocoeocitogf + hirotozitogf (Pjgapsgf P.H., bt il, 8>>8). I soaolir dbfbtoc ag`bl aiy pirtoilly ipply
tg tjb dgl` aofbrilozitogf it Ifdgsturi.
:.> AOFBXILO[IPOGF IP PJB IFDGSPRXI ^XG^BXP_
Dgl` aofbrilozitogf of tjb Ifdgsturi ^rgpbrty os jgstb` wotjof if blgfditb` BFB trbfòfd soloci-rocj,
orgf-aifdifbsb structurb of loabstgfbs. Pjos zgfb ippbirs tg hb structurilly rblitb` tg tjb B-T
trbfòfd, sgutj òppofd rbdogfil Uolcihiahi Eiult (Xbvbrsb Eiult7). Pjb gxo`b aofbrilozitogf os
cjirictbrozb` hy aissovb if` pirtoil rbplicbabft ge i cgllipsb` loabstgfb hrbccoi structurb.
Pjos lgw tbapbriturb dgl` systba os soloci-rocj wotj cirhgfitb-rocj pjisbs if` dbfbrilly cgftiofs lgw
solvbr cgfcbftritogfs. Of i`òtogf tg dgl`, jodj vilubs ge orgf, aifdifbsb if` hiroua irb prbsbft.
Tbim ifgailobs ge irsbfoc, cgppbr, lbi` (bxcbpt siaplb 88?89> wotj 69% ^h) if` zofc (bxcbpt
siaplb 88?9:4 wotj 69% [f) irb ilsg issgcoitb` wotj tjb aofbrilozitogf.
^rbvogus dbglgdocil wgrm (is `bscrohb` hy Cofots, 8>>8) `beofb` twg aiof dgl` aofbrilozb` zgfbs
([gfbs 9 if` 8). [gfb 9 strombs BFB if` òps vbry stbbply tg tjb fgrtj. Ot jis if ivbridb wo`tj ge 3>
abtbrs if` os ipprgxoaitbly 92> abtbrs lgfd. Aofbrilozb` [gfb 8 jis sbbf tjb aikgroty
aikgroty ge prbvogus
bxplgritogf if` saill-scilb aofofd ictovoty gf tjb prgpbrty. Ot cif hb tricb` gf sureicb gvbr i stromb
lbfdtj ge ipprgxoaitbly 8>> abtbrs wotj if BFB trbf` if` i ag`britb tg stbbp òp tg tjb fgrtj (Sbb
Eodurb 2).
Prbfcjofd if` gutcrgp aippofd, `gfb hy tjb iutjgr ùrofd 8>>3, `beofb` i wo`tj ge 42 abtbrs egr
[gfb 8. Aofbrilozitogf wis ilsg ghsbrvb` tg cgftofub ipprgxoaitbly 8.9 ma wbst if` ipprgxoaitbly
8.4 ma bist ge [gfb 9. Sbctogfs ilgfd tjos aofbrilozb` structurb irb geesbt agstly hy i sbrobs ge FT
trbfòfd eiults, wotj òsplicbabfts tjit ivbridb ipprgxoaitbly 2> abtbrs, is gccurs hbtwbbf [gfbs 9
if` 8.
Of i`òtogf tg tjb dgl` hbirofd orgf-aifdifbsb gxo`b cgllipsb` hrbccoi structurb (jbrbof ietbr cillb`
ACH), i vuddy quirtz vbof trbfòfd >8> `bdrbbs wotj i vbrtocil òp wis eguf` bist if` wbst ge [gfb
9. Pjos vbof ivbridbs ipprgxoaitbly 5 abtbrs of wo`tj if` os jgstb` wotjof tjb Sgriyi Sbòabfts.
Siaplofd icrgss 5 abtbrs gf tjb bistbrf irbi divb 9.?: d/t dgl`. Pjb oapgrtifcb if` litbril cgftofuoty
ge tjos vbof stoll fbb`s tg hb i``rbssb`
i` `rbssb` it i litbr toab.
Pjb ACH wis ghsbrvb` tg cgftofub ilgfd i lbfdtj ge 0.: ma, if` rbaiofs gpbf litbrilly tg tjb wbst
if` bist (Sbb Eodurb 4). Ots ivbridb wo`tj it tjos toab jis fgt hbbf bstihlosjb`, is of agst trbfcjbs,
aofbrilozitogf if`/gr strgfd iltbritogf rbaiofb` gpbf gf hgtj so`bs. Pjos cif hb `btbraofb` litbr hy
dbgpjysocil wgrm egllgwb` hy i`òtogfil trbfcjofd, dbglgdocil aippofd if` òiagf` `rollofd.
Aofbrilozitogf eguf` gutso`b ge [gfb 8, jis trub wo`tjs ge agrb tjif 8> abtbrs is sbbf of sgab
trbfcjbs. Gxo`b aofbrilozitogf jis hbbf lgcitb` erga tjb Ifdgsturi Crbbm it ipprgxoaitbly 3,3:>
abtbrs, up tg ipprgxoaitbly 3,?82 abtbrs of blbvitogf.
Erga ipprgxoaitbly 0>> abtbrs tg 9.4 ma wbst ge [gfb 9 tjb ACH os cjirictbrozb` hy ipprbcoihlb
iagufts ge hirotb. I siaplb timbf erga trbfcj P-0T sjgwb` hrgmbf-up hirotb crystils if` strofdbrs
ge hirotb cuttofd tjb gxo`bs.
gxo`b s. Tgrmofd of soaolir typb bpotjbrail dgl` loabstgfb rbplicbabft `bpgsots of

Fgvbahbr 3>, 8>>5
^bru, tjb iutjgr jis fgtocb` tjit hirotb aofbrilozitogf usuilly cgfcbftritbs of tjb uppbr sbctogfs ge
tjbsb systbas, wjocj aiy cgftiof erga 9>> up tg 2>> pph dgl`. Hblgw tjos tjof (9-2a) hirotb jgrozgf
dgl` dri`bs tbf` tg ofcrbisb hy sbvbril drias. Pjos wis ghsbrvb` hy tjb iutjgr, pirtoculirly it tjb
fbirhy Sifti Xgsi Aofb, gpbritb` hy If`bif Iabrocif ùrofd tjb ybirs 9??4 tg 8>>>.
Eodurb 5; Aofbrilozitogf it tjb I
Ifdgsturi
fdgsturi ^rgp
^rgpbrty
brty
Pjrbb òstofct typbs ge iltbritogf jivb hbbf fgtb`. Pjbsb irb is egllgws;
i. Yuirtz-cilcotb Ubof Iltbritogf; Pjof quirtz-cilcotb stgcmwgrm vbofs of aissovb

loabstgfb. Rsuilly eguf` gf sureicb gutcrgppofd gf tgp ge aofbrilozb` zgfbs (Hlof`
irbis).

Fgvbahbr 3>, 8>>5

h. Ifmbrotoc Iltbritogf; Eguf` dbfbrilly i`kicbft tg aofbrilozitogf.
c. Lgw tbapbriturb

cliy iltbritogf. PjosSoloci if` Cilcotb
iltbritogf Iltbritogf
os tjb agst ; Ot osiswjotb
sodfoeocift ot lobsif` aiyabtbrs
i ebw ippbir ihgvb
tg hb
strgfd soloci-rocj jodj dri`b dgl` aofbrilozitogf is eguf` of zgfb 8. I dgg`
jif` spbcoabf cif hb sbbf of Ippbfòx OO - ^litb 99.
Of Prbfcjbs P-93T if` 90T (blbvitogf 3,?>> a) rirb eofb driofb` dirfbts wbrb eguf` wotj hli`b`
crystils ge spbculir jbaitotb if` hirotb. Eofb tg abòua driofb` airhlbozitogf ippbirs tg hb tjb rbsult
ge lgw tbapbriturb jy`rgtjbrail eluo`s (cgftict iltbritogf). Of i`òtogf, lgw tbapbriturb iltbritogf ge
aidfbtotb aiy jivb hbbf rbplicb` (airtotozitogf) hy jbaitotb. Hirotb os i aofgr litb pjisb bvbft of
bpotjbrail systbas. Of vbofs ot aiy rbelbct `bpgsotogf issgcoitb` wotj i `bcrbisb of tbapbriturb if`
ofcrbisofd gxoìtogf (Pjgapsgf I, K.H.9??5).
^jgtg 0; [gfb 9 aofbri
aofbrilozb`
lozb` structurb cgapgsb` ge aissovb
aissovb
orgf gxo`bs if` soloci bxpgsb` ilgfd fbw rgi` cut.

Fgvbahbr 3>, 8>>5

Eodurb 4; Ifdgsturi ^rgp

^rgpbrty
brty Dbglgdy Aip
Pjb Ifdgsturi ^rgpbrty Pbcjfocil Xbpgrt 9:

Fgvbahbr 3>, 8>>5
?.> BZ^LGXIPOGF IP PJB IFDGSPRXI ^XG^BXP_
Of Iprol 8>>3 Iduoli rbtiofb` U. Kiriaollg, ^.Dbg. tg cgaplbtb i dbglgdocil bxplgritogf prgdria gvbr
tjb Ifdgsturi ^rgpbrty tg `btbraofb tjb bistbrf if` wbstbrf bxtbfsogfs ge tjb dgl` aofbrilozitogf
ghsbrvb` of zgfbs 9 if` 8 is `bscrohb` of tjb Cofots, 8>>8 Xbpgrt . Pjb eobl`wgrm wis cgaplbtb` hy
tjb iutjgr hbtwbbf Aiy 0 if` 3>, 8>>3. Ot cgfsostb` ge i 5>> jbctirb tgpgdripjocil survby (9;9>>>),
dbglgdocil aippofd (9;9>>>), 04 jif` ùd trbfcjbs if` pots, if` 938 cjop cjiffbl siaplbs (Sbb
Ippbfòx O). Sbvbril trbfcj lgcitogfs wbrb survbyb`.
Agst ge tjos wgrm wis cgaplbtb` gvbr tjb wbstbrf if` bistbrf bxtbfsogfs ge zgfbs 9 if` 8. Prbfcjbs
ivbridb` pbrpbfòculir
pgssohlb ipprgxoaitbly tg 9.>tjb
abtbr
BFBof aofbrilozb`
`bptj if` 9>trbf`.
abtbrsIoftgtil
lbfdtj.
ge Pjbsb wbrb grobftb`
38 wgrmbrs is aucj
wbrb jorb` is
tg jblp
cgaplbtb tjos eobl` wgrm.
Prbfcjofd if` gutcrgp aippofd, supbrvosb` hy tjb iutjgr, `beofb` i wo`tj ge 42 abtbrs egr [gfb 8,
wotj if ipprgxoaitb ivbridb dri`b ge 3.50 d/t dgl` (hisb` gf siaplbs timbf erga trbfcjbs P-
98,93,90,92,95 if` 94). Aofbrilozitogf jis ilsg fgw hbbf ghsbrvb` tg cgftofub ipprgxoaitbly 8.9 ma
wbst ge [gfb 9 if` ipprgxoaitbly 8.4 ma bist ge zgfb 9 rbspbctovbly. Sbctogfs ilgfd tjos aofbrilozb`
structurb irb geesbt agstly hy FT trbfòfd eiults, wotj òsplicbabfts tjit ivbridb ipprgxoaitbly 2>
abtbrs, is gccurs hbtwbbf zgfbs 9 if` 8 (Eodurb 4).
Pjb ACH jis hbbf ghsbrvb` tg cgftofub ilgfd i lbfdtj ge 0.: ma, if` rbaiofs gpbf litbrilly tg tjb
wbst if` bist. Ots ivbridb wo`tj it tjos toab jis fgt hbbf bstihlosjb`, is of agst trbfcjbs,
dbgpjysocil wgrm egllgwb`
egllgwb` hy, dbglgdocil aippofd, trbfcjofd if` òiagf` `rollofd.
`rollofd. Aofbrilozitogf
eguf` gutso`b ge zgfb 8 jis trub wo`tjs ge agrb tjif 8> abtbrs is sbbf of sgab trbfcjbs. Gxo`b dgl`
aofbrilozitogf jis hbbf lgcitb` clgsb tg tjb Ifdgsturi Crbbm (ipprgxoaitbly 3,3:> abtbrs ihgvb sbi
lbvbl) up tg ipprgxoaitbly 3,?82 abtbrs of blbvitogf. Erga ipprgxoaitbly 0>> abtbrs tg 9.4 ma wbst
ge zgfb 9 tjb ACH os cjirictbrozb` hy ipprbcoihlb iagufts ge hirotb.
Ilsg, i vuddy quirtz vbof trbfòfd >8> `bdrbbs wotj i vbrtocil òp, wis eguf` bist if` wbst ge zgfb 9.
Pjos vbof ivbridbs ipprgxoaitbly 5 abtbrs of wo`tj if` os jgstb` wotjof tjb Sgriyi Sbòabfts.
Siaplofd icrgss 5 abtbrs divb 9.?: d/t dgl`. Pjb oapgrtifcb if` litbril cgftofuoty ge tjos vbof stoll
fbb`s tg hb i``rbssb` it i littbr toab.
Ipprgxoaitbly 0>% ge dgl` `bpgsots of fgrtjbrf Cirlof (Fbviì) irb eguf` of cgllipsb` hrbccois of
loabstgfbs. Pjos dbfbtoc ag`bl bfvosidbs birly `bcirhgfitozitogf hy icoòc jy`rgtjbrail eluo`s
egcusb` ilgfd eiults, egllgwb` hy cgllipsb ge loabstgfbs, dgl` prbcopotitogf, if` litb-stidb
solocoeocitogf + hirotozitogf (Pjgapsgf P.H., bt il, 8>>8). I soaolir dbfbtoc ag`bl aiy pirtoilly ipply
tg tjb dgl` aofbrilozitogf it Ifdgsturi.
Pjb 8>>3 bxplgritogf prgdria succbsseully tricb` tjb Ifdgsturi Dgl` structurb gvbr i stromb lbfdtj ge
ipprgxoaitbly 0.: molgabtbrs if` bfcguftbrb` sodfoeocift dgl` vilubs if` wo`tjs tjit abrot i`òtogfil
bxplgritogf. Jodjlodjts ge tjb 8>>3 Bxplgritogf ^rgdria irb ghsbrvb` of Pihlb 2.
Pjb Ifdgsturi
Fgvbahbr ^rgpbrty Pbcjfocil Xbpgrt
3>, 8>>5 9?
IFDGSPRXI ^XGKBCP DGL@ JODJLODJP XBSRLPS-8>>3
Siaplb F Bistofd Fgrtjofd Siaplb Siaplb Lgcitogf Iu d/t @bscroptogf

Pypb To`tj (a)
88?9>: 428,?42 :,005,840 Xgcm Cjops 3.>> Xgi` cut 9.>? Orgf gx. structurb (hgttga T Ifdgsturi CM)
88?9>? 428,?42 :,005,840 Xgcm Cjops 3.>> Xgi` cut 9.33 Cgftofuitogf erga prbvogus siaplb tg tjb Fgrtj
Ivbridb 1 5.>> Ifd. Crbbm 9.89
88?999 428,?42 :,005,824 Xgcm Cjops 8.>> T. Iòt 8.28 Orgf gx. Sgutj will bftrifcb tg iòt
88?98> 429,058 :,002,28: Xgcm Cjops 3.2> P-9?T 9.>8 Eb gxo`bs of Loabstgfb (list trbfcj Tbst)
88?980 429,439 :,002,598 Xgcm Cjops 2.>> P-93T 9.:5 Soaolir tg prbvogus siaplb, wotj hirotb
88?93> 428,>8? :,002,29> Xgcm Cjops 3.>> P-98T 8.>? Af, Eb gxo`bs if` quirtz of loabstgfbs
88?938 428,>8? :,002,29> Xgcm Cjops 2.>> P-98T 0.39 Af, Eb gxo`bs if` quirtz of loabstgfbs
Ivbridb 1 :.>> P-98T 3.0:
88?93: 428,>24 :,002,230 Xgcm Cjops 0.>> P-99T 9.>8 Af, Eb gxo`bs of loabstgfbs
88?93? 428,>24 :,002,230 Xgcm Cjops 0.>> P-99T 3.49 Af, Eb gxo`bs of loabstgfbs
Ivbridb 1 :.>> P-99T 8.34
88?920 428,05: :,002,:8: Xgcm Cjops 3.>> P-5T 9.42 A f, Eb gxo`bs of loabstgfb
88?922 428,05: :,002,:8: Xgcm Cjops 3.>> P-5T 9.>8 A f, Eb gxo`bs of loabstgfb
Ivbridb 1 5.>> P-5T 9.3?
88?925 428,0:3 :,002,:08 Xgcm Cjops 9.52 P-5IT 8.:5 Af, Eb gxo`bs of loabstgfb
88?924 428,0:3 :,002,:08 Xgcm Cjops 9.52 P-5IT 8.30 Af, Eb gxo`bs of loabstgfb
Ivbridb 1 3.3> P-5IT 8.5>
88?948 428,59> :,005,8>8 Xgcm Cjops 3.2> P-3T 3.9? irtjy (of pirts) Af-Eb gxo`bs, sgabwjit solocoeob`
Siaplb F Bistofd Fgrtjofd Siaplb Siaplb Lgcitogf Iu d/t @bscroptogf

Pypb To`tj (a)
88?8>9 422,:2? :,005,355 Xgcm Cjops 8.0> P-HB 8.5? Eb-A f gxo`b structurb
88?89> 420,?35 :,005,598 Xgcm Cjops 0.2> P-3 9/8T 9.4> Eb-Af gxo`b solocoeob` structurb
88?899 420,::9 :,005,240 Xgcm Cjops 0.8> P-0B 9.85 Eb-Af gxo`b solocoeob` structurb
88?898 420,::9 :,005,240 Xgcm Cjops 0.8> P-0B 0.8: Eb-Af gxo`b solocoeob` structurb
Ivbridb 1 :.0> P-0B 8.44
88?888 423,::5 :,005,>50 Xgcm Cjops 3.>> gutcrgp 8.94 Uuddy qu

quirtz vbof wotj Eb gxo`bs of Sgriyi Ea
Ea.
88?883 423,::5 :,005,>50 Xgcm Cjops 3.>> gutcrgp 9.4: Uuddy qu
quirtz vbof wotj Eb gxo`bs of Sgriyi Ea
Ea.
Ivbridb 1 5.>> B-Ubof 9.?:
88?830 423,849 :,005,32> Xgcm Cjops 9.8> P-98B 9.58 Orgf gxo`b structurb of cgftict wotj oftrusovb
88?83: 423,389 :,005,390 Xgcm Cjops 2.>> P-93B 9.53 A ofbrilozb` Cglipsb hrbccoi wotj Eb gxo`bs
88?808 423,3>4 :,005,38> Xgcm Cjops 5.2> P-90B 0.93 Aofbrilozb` Cglipsb hrbccoi wotj Eb-A f gxo`bs
88?803 423,38? :,005,3>8 Xgcm Cjops 3.>> P-92B 2.02 Aofbrilozb` Cglipsb hrbccoi wotj Eb-A f gxo`bs
88?800 423,3>5 :,005,309 Xgcm Cjops 0.2> P-95B 3.:8 Aofbrilozb` Cglipsb hrbccoi wotj Eb-A f gxo`bs
88?802 423,3>5 :,005,309 Xgcm Cjops 3.2> P-95B :.?0 Aofbrilozb` Cglipsb hrbccoi wotj Eb-A f gxo`bs
Ivbridb 1 94.2> P-95B 2.80
88?805 423,320 :,005,8?> Xgcm Cjops 3.>> P-94B :.9? Eb-A f gxo`b structurb
PIHLB 2; Jodjlodjts ge tjb 8>>3 Bxplgritogf ^rgdria

Fgvbahbr 3>, 8>>5
Agrb rbcbftly, ùrofd Gctghbr 8>>5 cgapify dbglgdosts cgaplbtb` i`òtogfil aippofd if` siaplofd
ilgfd i fbw rgi` tjit jis cut icrgss aofbrilozb` structurb Fg.9. Pjos structurb ji` fgt hbbf siaplb`
prbvogusly hbciusb ge tjb stbbp tbrriof. It rgi` lbvbl tjos aofbrilozb` zgfb jis i trub wo`tj ge
ipprgxoaitbly 93.> abtbrs, if` ippbirs tg dbt sodfoeociftly wo`br upwir`s. Systbaitoc cjop cjiffbl
siaplbs timbf icrgss tjos structurb rbturfb` 3.8: d/t dgl` if` ?.5> d/t solvbr icrgss 93 abtbrs. Sbb
tihlb hblgw egr `btiols;
Sia pl
pl b Fg . Sia pl
pl b Py p b To `t
`t j (a ) d /t
/t Dg
Dg l ` d /t
/t So
So lv
l v br
8294 Cjops 9.>> 9.5: 0.9:
829: Cjops 9.>> >.0> 9.8>
829? Cjops 9.>> 8.3: 5.9:
828> Cjops 9.>> >.58 9.52
8289 Cjops 9.>> >.05 9.3>
8288 Cjops 9.>> 9.:8 3?.58
8283 Cjops 9.>> 4.45 30.:5
8280 Cjops 9.>> 92.33 8>.53
8282 Cjops 9.>> 3.0> 8.35
8285 Cjops 9.>> >.08 8.3:
8284 Cjops 9.>> >.42 3.92
828: Cjops 9.>> 9.9: >.4:
828? Cjops 9.>> 5.2> 5.2>
93.>> 3.8:
?.5>
PIHLB 5 ; Systbaitoc cjop siaplbs icrgss fbw rgi` ([gfb 9)
^jgtg 2; [gfb 9 aofbrilozb` structurb

bxpgsb` ilgfd fbw rgi` cut.

Fgvbahbr 3>, 8>>5
9>.> @XOLLOFD IP PJB IFDGSPRXI ^XG^BXP_

Pjbrb jis hbbf fg `rollofd it tjb Ifdgsturi ^rgpbrty tg ìtb.
99.> SIA^LOFD ABPJG@ IF@ I^^XGICJ
@urofd tjb 8>>3 bxplgritogf prgdria tjb sureicb siaplofd prgdria cgfsostb` ge i tgtil ge 938 cjiffbl
cjop siaplbs, 5 hlifms, 5 stifìr`s, if` 5 ùplocitb siaplbs wjocj is pirt ge tjb iutjgr‟s YI/YC
prgdria wbrb cgllbctb` iccgròfd tg tjb egllgwofd siaplofd prgcbùrbs.
Agst ge tjb trbfcjbs wbrb grobftb` pbrpbfòculir tg tjb stromb ge tjb aofbrilozb` zgfbs. Pjb trbfcj
lgcitogfs wbrb aippb` usofd i D^S, hut litbr tjbor prbcosb lgcitogf wis `btbraofb` hy tjb gf-sotb
tgpgdripjocil survby crbw. Pjb cjiffbl cjop siaplbs wbrb timbf gvbr lbfdtjs rifdofd
rifdofd hbtwbbf 9 if`
2 abtbrs, hut
hgufìrobs, jgwbdbfbrilly
jgwbvbr ivbridb`
vbr of sgab 0.> abtbrs
cisbs, ofclu`b` lgfd.
saill Siaplbs
hlgcms dbfbrilly
ge hirrbf cgfegrab`
loabstgfb. Ill tjb tg dbglgdocil
siaplofd wis
cgaplbtb` hy tjb iutjgr if`/gr hy i triofb`
triofb` siaplofd issostift
issostift uf`br tjb iutjgr‟s supbrvosogf. Pjb
wbodjt ge tjb siaplbs dbfbrilly ivbridb` hbtwbbf 0 tg 5 molgdrias.
98.> SIA^LB ^XBÎXIPOGF, IFIL_SBS IF@ SBCRXOP_

Pjb ofòvoùil siaplb hids wbrb oaabòitbly sbilb` upgf cgaplbtogf if` trifspgrtb` tg i sbcurb irbi
it ciap it tjb cgaplbtogf ge bicj ìy. Pjbrb, tjb siaplbs wbrb stgrb` of sbilb` sicms if` bvbry :
ìys gr sg, tjby wbrb timbf òrbctly tg tjb tgwf ge Ihifciy if` put gf if gvbrfodjt bxprbss hus tg
Loai. Pjb hus wis abt tjb fbxt ìy hy if Iduoli rbprbsbftitovb wjg trifspgrtb` tjba òrbctly tg tjb
COAA Lihgritgry of Loai.
Is pirt ge tjb prgkbct‟s YI/YC prgdria bicj siaplb hitcj (ipprgxoaitbly bvbry 83 siaplbs)
ofclu`b`; gfb hlifm, gfb pulp stifìr`, if` gfb ùplocitb siaplb. Pjb iutjgr cgllbctb` tjb tjb hlifm
siaplb erga tjb siab gutcrgp ge rblitovbly ufiltbrb`
ufi ltbrb` drifotoc rgcm usb` hy Jgwb (Cofots 8>>8 rbpgrt).
Pjb iutjgr wis prgvo`b` wotj pulp stifìr`s prbpirb` it tjb Sifti Xgsi Aofb Lih hisb` gf twg
sbpiritb pulp stifìr`s, i lgw dri`b if` i jodj dri`b siaplb, hgtj ge wjocj wbrb prbpirb` it
Xgcmlihs Lt`. of Fbw [bilif`. Pjb lgw dri`b siaplb (Xbebr
(Xbebrbfcb
bfcb Aitbroil GZ90, Kir Fua
Fuahbr
hbr 2:994)
dri`bs 9.88> d/t dgl` if` 9>.2 d/t solvbr, if` tjb jodj dri`b siaplb (Xbebrbfcb Aitbroil GZ92, Kir
Fuahbr 2:293) dri`bs 5.?:8 d/t dgl` if` 8>.:5 d/t solvbr.
Pjb ùplocitb siaplbs wbrb if ittbapt tg rbplocitb i spbcoeoc cjiffbl cjop siaplb. Hisb` gf tjb
rbsults erga tjbsb siaplbs ofsbrtb` oftg tjb siaplb sbqubfcb, tjb iutjgr, ebbls tjit tjb siaplb
cgllbctogf if` ifilytocil prgcbssbs jis hbbf ge iccbptihlb ofùstry stifìr`s. Ill ge tjb rbsults
rbsults ge tjb
virogus hlifms, stifìr`s, if` ùplocitbs jivb yobl`b` vilubs wotjof if iccbptihlb òeebrbfcb ge tjb
rbspbctovb rbebrbfcb aitbroil. Pjbsb rbsults irb sjgwf of tjb Pihlb hblgw.

Fgvbahbr 3>, 8>>5
@R^LOCIPB SIA^LBS
Sia p l b Fg . L ih Xbs u
ull t Xbe b
brr bf c b Uil u b L ih Xbs u l t Xbe br bf c b Uil ub
ub
Iu p pa Iu p pa Id p pa Id p pa
88?993 9.43 9.33 9.0> 8.>> @u p l o c it b g e 88?9>?

88?99: >.32 >.30 80.>> 8>.3> @u p l o c it b g e 88?994
88?943 9.55 3.9? < >.8 < >.8 @u p l o c it b g e 88?948
88?9?2 >.90 >.95 < >.8 >.3> @u p l o c it b g e 88?9>5
88?832 8.82 9.58 8.5> 9.5> @u p l o c it b g e 88?830
88?809 8.>4 9.53 9.0> 3.9> @u p l o c it b g e 88?83:
HL IFM SIA^LBS GE DXIFG@OGXOPB

Sia p l b Fg . L ih Xbs u l t Xbe br bf c b Uil u b L ih Xbs u l t Xbe br bf c b Uil u b
88?99? >.>92 < 33 p p h >.2> H bl g w @bt bc t o g f

88?900 >.>95 < 33 p p h >.8> H bl g w @bt bc t o g f
88?804 >.>>2 < 33 p p h <>.8 H bl g w @bt bc t o g f
88?82> >.>>2 < 33 p p h <>.8 H bl g w @bt bc t o g f
88?940 >.>>2 < 33 p p h < >.8 H bl g w @bt bc t o g f
88?9?0 >.>>2 < 33 p p h < >.8 H bl g w @bt bc t o g f
SPIF@IX@S
Sia p l b Fg . L ih Xbs u
ull t Xbe b
brr bf c b Uil u b L ih Xbs u l t Xbe br bf c b Uil ub
ub
23388 >.?> >.?8 93.5 90.2

2:5:2 :.38 4.03 6 9>> 950.42
2:222 8.5? 8.42 85.9 33.>>
2:253 >.08 >.23 5 94.>:
23882 >.3> < >.>3 ?.2 99.?5
2:28? 9.9? 9.98 99.: 9:.>:
PIHLB 4; @uplocitb, Hlifm if` Stifìr`s (8>>3 ^rgdria)
COAA LIH ^XGCB@RXBS
Siaplb ^rbpiritogf
Gfcb tjb siaplb os `rob`, tjb bftorb siaplb os oftrgùcb` oftg i kiw crusjbr if` rbùcb` tg -9/0‑ Py,
tjbf ot os abcjifocilly splot tg ghtiof i rbprbsbftitovb siaplb, if` tjbf pulvbrozb` tg it lbist ?2%
aofus 92> absj. Pjb Lihgritgry woll tjbf usb quirtz hbtwbbf bicj siaplb if` if ior jgsb tg prbvbft
cgftiaofitogf.
Issiy ^rgcbùrbs;
Iu wotj II eofosj
9. I 3> dria siaplb os aoxb` wotj elux if` lotjirdb (^hG) wotj Id i``b` is i cgllbctgr. Pjb siaplb
wotj
toab,tjb
tg elux
ablt.osPjb
tjbfcrucohlbs
put gf i crucohlb=
irb tjbf otrbagvb`
os tjbf plicb` of ifissiy
erga tjb issiyeurficb
eurficbif`
if`tjb
lbet agltbf
egr i prb`btbraofb`
slid (lodjtbr
aitbroil) os cirbeully pgurb` erga tjb crucohlb oftg i agul`, lbivofd i lbi` huttgf it tjb hisb ge tjb
agul`. Pjb lbi` huttgf os tjbf plicb` of i prbjbitb` cupbl wjocj ihsgrhs tjb lbi` lbivofd gfly i tofy

Fgvbahbr 3>, 8>>5
abtil hbi` ge Id (@grb hbi`) wjocj cgftiofs Iu.
8. Pjb solvbr `grb hbi` os òssglvb` of ico` if` tjb dgl` cgftbft os `btbraofb` hy II (Itgaoc
Ihsgrptogf).
93. @IPI UBXOEOCIPOGF
Yuiloty cgftrgl prgcbùrbs if` abtjg`glgdy wbrb oaplbabftb` hy tjb wrotbr ùrofd tjb 8>>3
bxplgritogf prgdria. Pjos ofclu`b` cirb of timofd rbprbsbftitovb siaplbs, ofsbrtogf ge ùplocitbs,
hlifms if` stifìr`s ùrofd siaplb suhaottil tg COAA Lihs.
Pjb agrb rbcbft sjgrt siaplofd prgdria icrgss tjb fbw rgi` cut wbrb cirbeully timbf, hut fg
ùplocitbs, hlifms gr stifìr`s wbrb ofsbrtb`.
90.> I@KICBFP ^XG^BXPOBS
Surrgufòfd if` i`kicbft tg tjb Ifdgsturi ^rgpbrty drgup ge clioas tjbrb irb fg mfgwf
aofbrilozitogf gccurrbfcbs. Pjgudj, ipprgxoaitbly 82 molgabtbrs bist ge Ifdgsturi, tjb Lis Hiahis
aofbril òstroct os lgcitb` if` ipprgxoaitbly 9: molgabtbrs bist tjb Cgcjisiyjuis Aofb irbi ( Sbb
Eodurb :).
Pjb Lis Hiahis aofbril òstroct, jgsts virogus cgppbr if` dgl` gccurrbfcbs, ot cgvbrs if irbi ge
ihgut 32,>>> jbctirbs if` ofclu`bs tjb Cjilcghiahi, Ebrrghiahi, Suleghiahi if` tjb Cjircis
`bpgsots. Pjbsb `bpgsots cgfsost ge rbplicbabft if` smirf aofbrilozitogf issgcoitb` wotj pgrpjyry
cgppbr typb oftrusogfs. ^rofcopil grb aofbrils irb cgppbr if` orgf sulpjo`bs issgcoitb` wotj aofgr
aglyh`bfua, dgl` if` solvbr aofbrils.
Pjb Cgcjisiyjuis Aofb wis i aikgr dgl` prgùcbr ùrofd Spifosj cglgfoil toabs if` aofofd wis
ihif`gfb` ipprgxoaitbly 2> ybirs idg. Ot os i dgl` vbof typb `bpgsot, if` tjb dgl` os issgcoitb` tg
quirtz if` pyrotb wotjy erbb dgl` of gxo`bs.

Fgvbahbr 3>, 8>>5

Eodurb :; Ifdgsturi ^rgpbrty sjgw
sjgwofd
ofd vollidbs if`
if` aikgr aofbs of tjb irbi
irbi
(Ubli L., bt. Il., Gctghbr 8>>5).
92.> AOFBXIL ^XGCBSSOFD IF@ ABPILLRXDOCIL PBSPOFD
@urofd Sbptbahbr 8>>5 Xodghbrtg Xgkis, abtillurdocil bfdofbbr egr Iduoli Iabrocif, òrbctb` i
prbloaofiry abtillurdocil tbst; (Xgkis Xodghbrtg, Sbptbahbr 8>>5).
Hgttlb Xgll Pbst

Pjb tbst wis pbregrab` wotj i pulp cgftiofofd 33% sglo`s, of i 3 lotbr hgttlb cipicoty, dovbf i tbst
toaofd ge 48 jgurs. Ietbr cgaplbtogf, tjb tiolofds wbrb clbifb` if` issiyb` egr dgl`
d gl` if` solvbr usofd
tjb eorb issiy abtjg`.
Pbstofd Cgfòtogfs;
Drifulgabtry; ?>% -8>> absj.

Sglutogf Ugluab (al); :>>.
ûlp @bfsoty 33%.
@olutogf (L/S) 8 ; 9

Fgvbahbr 3>, 8>>5
Cyifo`b Cgfcbftritogf (ppa); 9>>>.
^j Xifdb 9>.2 - 9>.95.
Xbsults;
DXI@BS (dr /t) XBCGUBXOBS

XBCGUBXOBS (%)
SIA^LB
TBODJP
TBODJP dria
driass Iu Id Iu Id
JBI@ DXI@B 0>> 9.>> 2.05
PIOLS
PIOL S >.>3 9.3> ?4.>> 45.8>
CILCRLIPB@
JBI@ DXI@B >.?? 8.50
PIOLS
PIOL S >.>3 9.3> ?4.>> 2>.:>
Pihlb F» :.- Bxtrictogfs erga jbi` issiys if` cilculitb` jbi` dri`bs.
BZPXICPOGF
BZPXICPOGF M OFBPOCS
OFBPOCS
98>
9>>
)
%
( :>
.
v 5>
g
c
b 0>
X
8>
>
> 9> 8> 3> 0> 2> 5> 4> :>
Jgurs
Xbc gv I u (% ) Xbc gv Id (% )

Eodurb ?; Hbjivogr ge tjb bxtrictogf mof
mofbtocs
btocs hy sglutogfs.
Xbidbft Pgtil Rsb` (Md/PA)

CFFi 8.28
Cil >.22
Pihlb ?. - Xbidbft Cgfsuaptogf of
0>> drias ge gxo`b aofbril.

Fgvbahbr 3>, 8>>5
Hgtt lb rgll tbsts egr siaplbs 44

4400
008
8 tg 44
4400
000
0
Pjb egllgwofd irb tbst rbsults ge i`òtogfil gxo`b siaplbs suhaottb`. Pjbsb egllgwb` tjb siab
prgcbùrb is tjb siaplb ihgvb. Xbsults irb is egllgws;
SIA^LB JBI@ DXI@B XBCGUBX_ (%) XBIDBFP RSB@ (Md

(Md/PA)
/PA)
FRAHBX Iu pp a Id pp a Iu Id FiCF CiG
44008 9.9 3.?: ?0.2 5?.5 >.89 >.2
44003 2.:3 9>.43 ?4.3 4:.: 9.29 >.22
44000 4.33 98.88 ?4 :9.8 8.48 >.22
Pihlb 9>; I`òtogfil hgttlb rgll tbsts
Pjb hgttlb rgll tbsts ihgvb ofòcitb tjit tjb gxo`b aofbrilozitogf it Ifdgsturi os sodfoeocift tg tjos typb
ge bxtrictogf. Iduoli Iabrocif os currbftly `gofd cgluaf tbsts it òeebrbft absj sozbs, sucj is it ¶‑,
9‑, 8‑ if` 3 ofcjbs, tg tbst egr dgl` rbcgvbrobs usofd tjos abtjg`.
95.> AOFBXIL XBSGRXCBS IF@ XBSBXUBS IP PJB IFDGSPRXI
^XG^BXP_
Pjb Ifdgsturi ^rgpbrty jis fg aofbril rbsgurcbs if` rbsbrvbs is pbr 03-9>9 rbdulitogfs.
94.> GPJBX XBLBUIFP @IPI IF@ OFEGXAIPOGF
Is pbr FO-03-9>9, pirt 8.3 (8i if` 8h) tjb iutjgr woll cgaabft gf tjb pgtbftoil ge tjb aofbrilozb`
structurb it Ifdgsturi tjit os tjb tirdbt ge eurtjbr bxplgritogf. Ot aust hb fgtb` tjit tjos pgtbftoil
quiftoty if` dri`b os cgfcbptuil of fiturb, is sucj, tjbrb jis hbbf ofsueeocobft bxplgritogf tg
`beofb i aofbril rbsgurcb. Ot os ufcbrtiof oe eurtjbr bxplgritogf woll rbsult of tjb tirdbts hbofd
`blofbitb` is i aofbril rbsgurcb.
Sureicb dbglgdocil aippofd if` trbfcjofd sjgw tjb gxo`b aofbrilozb` structurb bxtbf`s it lbist 8
molgabtbrs TFT ge tjb Ifdgsturi Crbbm if` 8 molgabtbrs BFB ge ot. Tb cif tjbf cgfso`br i stromb
lbfdtj ge ipprgxoaitbly 0 molgabtbrs of tbras ge litbril cgftofuoty. Prbfcjofd if` gutcrgp aippofd
sjgw tjit wo`tjs viry erga i ebw abtbrs tg it lbist :> abtbrs. If ivbridb wo`tj ge 3> abtbrs woll hb
issuab`. Pg bstoaitb `bptj ge aofbrilozitogf tjb egllgwofd cif hb cgfso`brb`; Aofbrilozitogf jis
hbbf bxpgsb` hy trbfcjofd it ipprgxoaitbly 3,?82 abtbrs ihgvb sbi lbvbl, if` it tjb hisb ge tjb
Ifdgsturi Crbbm, it ipprgxoaitbly 3,3:> abtbrs ihgvb sbi lbvbl. Pjos woll dovb i vbrtocil blbvitogf
òeebrbfcb ge 202 abtbrs. Egr vbrtocil cgftofuoty (fgt òeebrbftoitofd hbtwbbf gxo`b if` proairy
aofbrilozitogf), 3>> abtbrs
abtbrs woll hb cgfso`brb` `bptj ge aofbrilozitogf erga sureicb. I spbcoeoc
drivoty ge 8.2 woll hb usb` tg cilculitb tgffidb pgtbftoil hisb` gf soaolir aofbrilozitogf is tjit eguf`
it tjb Sifti Xgsi Aofb.
Rsofd tjb ihgvb piriabtbrs tjb pgtbftoil tgffidb cif hb bstoaitb` is egllgws;
Stromb Cgftofuoty 1 0,>>> abtbrs
Ivbridb wo`tj 1 3> abtbrs

Fgvbahbr 3>, 8>>5
@bptj 1 3>> abtbrs
S.D. 1 8.2
Ot cgul` tjbf hb stitb` tjit i pgtbftoil tgffidb egr tjb aofbrilozb` dgl` hbirofd structurb aiy
hb of tjb rifdb ge 02 tg ?> aollogf tgffbs. Pjb lgw bf` tgffidb cgfso`brs tjit gfly 2>% ge tjb
cilculitb` tgffbs aiy cgftiof pgtbftoilly bcgfgaoc aofbrilozitogf. Dri`bs cgul` rifdb erga 9.>
tg 3.> d/t dgl` if` hisb` gf sureicb trbfcj if` uf`brdrguf` siaplb ifilytocil rbsults.
^bruvoif Bfvorgfabftil Xbdulitogfs
Pjb Dbfbril Aofofd Liw ge ^bru os tjb aiof hg`y ge liw wotj rbdir` tg bfvorgfabftil rbdulitogf ge
bxplgritogf if` aofofd ictovotobs. Pjb Dbfbril Aofofd Liw os iàofostbrb` hy tjb Aofostry ge Bfbrdy
if` Aofbs (ABA). I `btiolb` `bscroptogf ge ^bru‟s bfvorgfabftil rbdulitogfs os eguf` gf tjb ABA
wbhsotb (jttp;//www.aofba.dgh.pb). Dbfbrilly, tjb ABA rbquorbs bxplgritogf if` aofofd cgapifobs
tg prbpirb if Bfvorgfabftil Bviluitogf (BI), if Bfvorgfabftil Oapict Issbssabft (BOI), i ^rgdria
egr Bfvorgfabftil Aifidbabft if` I`kustabft (ÎAI), if` i Clgsurb ^lif. Aofofd cgapifobs irb
ilsg suhkbct tg iffuil bfvorgfabftil iuòts ge gpbritogfs.
Iccgròfd tg ^bruvoif rbdulitogfs bfvorgfabftil rbquorbabfts egr aofbril bxplgritogf prgdrias irb
òvo`b` oftg clissoeocitogfs I, H, if` C. Clissoeocitogf I os egr dbfbril bxplgritogf ictovotobs if`
rbquorbs fg iutjgrozitogf gr ebbs. Clissoeocitogf H ofclu`bs `rollofd ge lbss tjif 8> `roll jglbs wotjof i
9> ji irbi. If ipplocitogf aust hb suhaottb` if` i ebb ge ipprgxoaitbly RS$2> aust hb pio`.
Clissoeocitogf C pbrtiofs tg aofofd bxplgritogf prgdrias wotj agrb tjif 8> `roll jglbs, bxplgritogf
irbis drbitbr tjif 9> ji, gr cgfstructogf ge agrb tjif 2> a ge tuffbls.
Suhaossogf if` iccbptifcb ge if BI (Bviluicogf Iahobftil) os rbquorb` egr ipprgvil ge

Clissoeocitogf C ictovotobs. Pjb ABA jis i pbrog` ge 02 ìys tg rbvobw if` ipprgvb, rbspgf` wotj
qubstogfs, gr òsipprgvb tjb BI= tjb BI os cgfso`brb` ipprgvb` oe tjb ABA `gbs fgt rbspgf` wotjof
tjit pbrog`.
I aofofd cgapify tjit jis cgaplbtb` ots bxplgritogf stidb aust suhaot if BOI (Bstuòg `b Oapictg
Iahobftil) wjbf ipplyofd egr i fbw aofofd gr prgcbssofd cgfcbssogf, gr tg ofcrbisb tjb sozb ge ots
bxostofd prgcbssofd gpbritogfs hy agrb tjif 2>%= gr tg bxbcutb ify gtjbr aofofd prgkbct. Pjb BOI
aust ofclu`b plifs egr bxpbfòturbs gf if bfvorgfabftil prgdria rbprbsbftofd fg lbss tjif 9% ge
iffuil silbs. Pjb ABA aust rbvobw if` ipprgvb, gr òsipprgvb tjb BOI wotjof 98> ìys ge rbcbovofd
tjb `gcuabft. Totjof tjos pbrog` tjb cgapify aust grdifozb jbirofds if` wgrmsjgps tg prbsbft tjb
ìti if` cggròfitb tjb ìtbs if` lgcitogfs wotj tjb ABA.
Pjb ÎAI (^rgdriai `b I`bcuicogf y Aifbkg Iahobftil) aust sbt egrtj tjb cgapify‟s plif egr
cgaploifcb wotj tjb ^bruvoif bfvorgfabftil liws if` rbdulitogfs, ofcluòfd tjb pliffb` aofofd
wgrms, ofvbstabfts, beelubft cgftrgls if` agfotgrofd systbas, cgftrgl ge prgtbctb` irbis if` sotb
rbstgritogf. Gfcb i ÎAI jis hbbf suhaottb`, tjb ABA jis egur agftjs of wjocj tg rbvobw if`
ipprgvb, gr òsipprgvb tjb ÎAI. Oe tjb ABA gr if “oftbrbstb` pirty‑ cif sjgw kust ciusb, tjb
ÎAI aiy hb agòeob` ùrofd tjb eorst ybir. Pjb ÎAI jgwbvbr os gfly ipplocihlb tg aofofd
gpbritogfs tjit wbrb of prgùctogf progr tg >9 Aiy 9??3.


Fgvbahbr 3>, 8>>5
I aofofd cgapify aust ilsg prbpirb if` suhaot i Clgsurb ^lif (^lif `b Cobrrb) egr bicj cgapgfbft
ge ots gpbritogf. Pjb Clgsurb ^lif aust gutlofb wjit abisurbs woll hb timbf tg prgtbct tjb bfvorgfabft
gvbr tjb sjgrt, abòua if` lgfd tbra erga sglo`s, loquo`s if` disbs dbfbritb` hy tjb aofofd
gpbritogf.
Pjb Dbfbril Aofofd Liw ge ^bru jis of plicb i systba ge sifctogfs gr eofifcoil pbfiltobs tjit cif hb
lbvob` idiofst i aofofd cgapify wjocj os fgt of cgaploifcb wotj tjb bfvorgfabftil rbdulitogfs.
9:.> OFPBX^XBPIPOGF IF@ CGFCLRSOGFS
Dgl` aofbrilozitogf gf tjb Ifdgsturi ^rgpbrty os jgstb` wotjof if blgfditb` BFB trbfòfd soloci-rocj,
orgf-aifdifbsb structurb jgstb` of loabstgfbs. Pjos zgfb ippbirs tg hb structurilly rblitb` tg tjb B-T
trbfòfd, sgutj òppofd rbdogfil Uolcihiahi Eiult (Xbvbrsb Eiult7). Pjb gxo`b aofbrilozitogf os
cjirictbrozb` hy aissovb if` pirtoil rbplicbabft ge i cgllipsb` loabstgfb hrbccoi structurb.
Pjos lgw tbapbriturb dgl` systba os soloci-rocj wotj cirhgfitb-rocj pjisbs if` dbfbrilly wotj lgw
solvbr. Of i`òtogf tg dgl`, jodj vilubs ge orgf, aifdifbsb if` hiroua irb prbsbft. Tbim ifgailobs ge
irsbfoc, cgppbr, lbi` (bxcbpt siaplb 88?89> wotj 69% ^h) if` zofc (bxcbpt siaplb 88?9:4 wotj 69%
[f) irb ilsg issgcoitb` wotj tjb aofbrilozitogf.
Prbfcjofd if` gutcrgp aippofd, `gfb hy tjb iutjgr ùrofd 8>>3, `beofb` i wo`tj ge 42 abtbrs egr
zgfb 8. Aofbrilozitogf wis ghsbrvb` tg cgftofub ipprgxoaitbly 8.9 ma wbst if` 8.4 ma bist ge zgfb
9. Sbdabfts ilgfd tjos aofbrilozb` structurb irb geesbt agstly hy FT trbfòfd eiults, wotj
òsplicbabfts tjit ivbridb ipprgxoaitbly 2> abtbrs.
Pjos ACH jis hbbf ghsbrvb` tg cgftofub ilgfd i lbfdtj ge 0.: ma, if` rbaiofs gpbf litbrilly tg tjb
wbst if` bist. Ots ivbridb wo`tj it tjos toab jis fgt hbbf bstihlosjb`, is of agst trbfcjbs,
dbgpjysocil wgrm egllgwb`
egllgwb` hy dbglgdocil aippofd, trbfcjofd if` òiagf` `rollofd.
`rollofd. Aofbrilozitogf
eguf` gutso`b ge zgfb 8, jis trub wo`tjs ge agrb tjif 8> abtbrs is sbbf of sgab trbfcjbs. Gxo`b
aofbrilozitogf jis hbbf lgcitb` fbir tjb Ifdgsturi Crbbm it ipprgxoaitbly 3,3:> abtbrs up tg 3,?82
abtbrs of blbvitogf.
Pjb 8>>3 bxplgritogf prgdria gf tjb Ifdgsturi Dgl` ^rgpbrty succbsseully tricb` tjb ACH gvbr i
stromb lbfdtj ge ihgut 0.: molgabtbrs if` bfcguftbrb` sodfoeocift dgl` vilubs if` wo`tjs tjit abrot
i`òtogfil bxplgritogf (Eodurb 4).
9?.> XBCGABF@IPOGFS
XBCGABF@IPOGFS
Pjb Ifdgsturi dgl` ^rgpbrty sjgul` hb bviluitb` egr lirdb tgffidb, lgw dri`b, hulm aofbihlb dgl`
aofbrilozitogf, if` egr uf`brdrguf` vbof-typb dgl` aofbrilozitogf. U. Kiriaollg rbcgaabf`s tjit i
egllgw-up bxplgritogf prgdria hb cgfùctb` gvbr tjb prgpbrty. Ot wgul` cgfsost ge if ofotoil ^jisb O
`roll prgdria gf aofbrilozb` zgfbs 9 if` 8, i aidfbtoc if` O^/rbsostovoty dbgpjysocil survby gvbr tjb
wbstbrf if` bistbrf bxtbfsogfs ge tjb aofbrilozb` structurb if` tjb `bvblgpabft ge uf`brdrguf`
bxplgritogf tuffbls oftg zgfbs 9 if` 8. ^jisb OO ge tjb bxplgritogf prgdria wgul` ofclu`b dbglgdocil
aippofd, trbfcjofd gvbr ifgailgus dbgpjysocil irbis, egllgwb` hy òiagf` `rollofd.

Pjb Ifdgsturi ^rgpbrty Pbcjfocil Xbpgrt 8?
Fgvbahbr 3>, 8>>5

^jisb O; (3 agftjs)
• @oiagf` @rollofd; Ipprgxoaitbly 98 òiagf` `roll jglbs egr i tgtil ge 8,942 abtbrs ge JY
òiabtbr sjgul` hb `rollb` of sblbctb` irbis ge aofbrilozb` zgfbs 9 if` 8.
• Dbgpjysocs; -i aidfbtoc survby sjgul` hb cgaplbtb` gvbr tjb irbi ge oftbrbst

-if O^/rbsostovoty survby sjgul` hb cgaplbtb`.
• Rf`brdrguf` Bxplgritogf; tuffbls oftg zgfbs 9 if` 8.
Pjb tgtil cgst egr pjisb O ge tjb bxplgritogf prgdria os ipprgxoaitbly RS $ 048,54>
^jisb OO; (2 agftjs)
• Dbglgdocil aippofd if` trbfcjofd gvbr ifgailgus dbgpjysocil irbis.
• @oiagf` @rollofd; Ipprgxoaitbly 8> òiagf` `roll jglbs egr i tgtil ge 2,>>> abtbrs ge JY
òiabtbr sjgul` hb `rollb` of sblbctb` irbis wbst if` bist ge aofbrilozb` zgfbs 9 if` 8.
Pjb tgtil cgst egr pjisb OO ge tjb bxplgritogf prgdria os ipprgxoaitbly RS $
Is pirt ge tjb òiagf` `roll

` roll prgdria, if` ill ge tjb euturb siaplofd prgdrias ot os rbcgaabf`b` tjit i
eull quiloty issurifcb prgdria hb oaplbabftb`. Pjb sureicb lgcitogf ge ill `roll jglbs sjgul` hb
pbraifbftly airmb` if` survbyb`, if` `gwf jglb `bvoitogf tbsts hb cgaplbtb` it rbdulir oftbrvils
ùrofd tjb `rollofd prgcbss.
^jisb Gfb (ùritogf 3 agftjs)
-Ill jglbs sjgul` hb ofotoitb` wotj JY òiabtbr bquopabft tg ofcrbisb tjb iaguft ge siaplb rbcgvbrb`
if` tg illgw egr rbùcofd ge tjb cgrb sozb of tjb bvbft ge `rollofd òeeocultobs.
- ^jisb gfb sjgul` cgfsost ge òiagf` `rollofd gf tjb aofbrilozb` structurb of zgfbs 9 if` 8. Pjb
`rollofd ofvglvb` of pjisb gfb woll ofclu`b 98 jglbs egr i tgtil ge ipprgxoaitbly 8,942 abtbrs. Pjb
prgpgsb` jglbs irb suaairozb` of Pihlb 99 if` Eodurb 9>.
- Ill bxplgritogf wgrm sjgul` hb cirrob` gut uf`br tjb supbrvosogf ge i “Yuiloeob` ^brsgf‑ is `beofb`
of FO 03-9>9.
- Ipprgproitb idrbbabfts sjgul` hb cgaplbtb` wotj lgcil iutjgrotobs, cgaaufotobs if` lif`gwfbrs
hbegrb cgaabfcbabft ge aikgr wgrm sucj is `rollofd if` trbfcjofd. Pjb hgufìrobs ge tjb mby
If`bif aofofd tbfbabfts sjgul` hb clbirly airmb` gf tjb drguf` (usofd D^S bquopabft), if`
tbfbabft aips upìtb` tg rbelbct tjb currbft lif` gwfbrsjop sotuitogf egr hgtj sureicb if` aofofd
rodjts.
- Pjb egllgwofd jglbs irb rbcgaabf`b` tg tbst tjb aofbrilozb` structurb of zgfbs 9 if` 8 (^jisb 9

Fgvbahbr 3>, 8>>5
prgdria);
JGL B F» BISPOFD FGXPJOFD OFCL OFIPOGF I[OARPJ L BFDPJ (a )
@@J-9 423952.2? :005854.5: - 3>» 30>» 982
@@J-8 423952.2? :005854.5: - 2>» 30>» 8>>
@@J-3 42385>.>5 :005825.?? - 3>» 30>» 982
@@J-0 42385>.>5 :005825.?? - 2>» 30>» 92>
@@J-2 423852.0? :0053?9.?3 - 02» 95>» 8>>
@@J-5 423852.0? :0053?9.?3 - 5>» 95>» 82>
@@J-4 4238?:.02 :005002.8: - 02» 95>» 82>
@@J-: 4238?:.02 :005002.8: - 5>» 95>» 382
@@J-? 4230>0.54 :005393.39 - 3>» 30>» 982
@@J-9> 4230>0.54 :005393.39 - 2>» 30>» 8>>
@@J-99 42300:.0: :00533>.?> - 3>» 30>» 9>>
@@J-98 42300:.0: :00533>.?> - 2>» 30>» 982
PGPIL 1 8942
PIHLB 99; ^rgpgsb` `roll jglbs – ^jisb O

Fgvbahbr 3>, 8>>5
Eodurb 9>; Ifdgsturi ^rgpb
^rgpbrty
rty wotj prgp
prgpgsb`
gsb` `roll j
jglbs
glbs (^jisb O)

Fgvbahbr 3>, 8>>5
Eodurb 99; Dbglgdocil Crgss S

Sbctogf
bctogf 9 wotj prgpgsb`
prgpgsb` `roll jglbs

Fgvbahbr 3>, 8>>5
Sbctogf

Fgvbahbr 3>, 8>>5
Eodurb 93; Dbglgdocil Crgss Sbctogf 3 wotj prgpgsb` `roll jglbs


Fgvbahbr 3>, 8>>5

Sbctogf

Fgvbahbr 3>, 8>>5
Eodurb 92; Dbglgdocil Crgss Sbctogf 2 wotj prgpgsb` `roll jglbs


Fgvbahbr 3>, 8>>5

Sbctogf
bctogf 5 wotj prgp
prgpgsb`
gsb` `roll jglbs

Fgvbahbr 3>, 8>>5
^XG^GSB@ HR@DBP
HR@DBP (^JISB O) – 3 agftjs
R.S. $
@oiagf` @rollofd (JY); 8,942 abtbrs N $9>>/abtbr 894,2>>
Ifilytocil (@rollofd Xblitb`); 9,>>> siaplbs N $82/siaplb 82,>>>
^rgebssogfil Stiee; 9 prgkbct dbglgdost; 3 agftjs N $5,>>>/agftj 9:,>>>

9 kufogr dbglgdost; 3 agftjs N $3,>>>/agftj ?,>>>
Hull`gzbr; 9>> jgurs N $42/jgur 4,2>>
Ifilytocil (rgcm/trbfcjbs); 3>> siaplbs N $82/siaplb 4.2>>
Dbfbril Lihgur; 92 jblpbrsN $ 89>/agftj x 3 agftjs ?,02>

@roetofd/Crgss-cuttofd (5‟x 5‟Sbctogf) 3>>abtbrs N$98>/abtbr 35,>>>
Dbgpjysocs;
Aidfbtocs; 32 lofb ma N $92>/ma 2,82>
O^/rbsostovoty; 32 lofb ma N $9,2>>/ma 28,2>>
Iccgaagìtogf & Egg`; 82,>>>
Bquopabft, eubl if` Xblitb` Bxpbfsbs; 98,>>>
Aoscbllifbgus (elodjts, btc.); 2,>>>
SRHPGPIL - 08?,4>>+
Cgftofdbfcy (9>%) $ 08,?4>
PGPIL 1 RS $ 048,54>
^XG^GSB@ HR@DBP
HR@DBP (^JISB OO) – 2 agftjs
R.S. $
@oiagf` @rollofd (JY); 2,>>> abtbrs N $9>>/abtbr 2>>,>>>
Ifilytocil (@rollofd Xblitb`); 3,>>> siaplbs N $82/siaplb 42,>>>
^rgebssogfil Stiee; 9 prgkbct dbglgdost; 2 agftjs N $5,>>>/agftj 3>,>>>

9 kufogr dbglgdost; 2 agftjs N $3,>>>/agftj 92,>>>
Hull`gzbr; 8>> jgurs N $42/jgur 92,>>>
Ifilytocil (rgcm/trbfcjbs); 9>>> siaplbs N $82/siaplb 82,>>>

Fgvbahbr 3>, 8>>5

Dbfbril Lihgr; 8> jblpbrsN $ 89>/agftj x 2 agftjs 89,>>>
Iccgaagìtogf & Egg`; 0>,>>>
Bquopabft, eubl if` Xblitb` Bxpbfsbs; 82,>>>
Aoscbllifbgus (elodjts, btc.); 9>,>>>
SRHPGPIL
SRHPGPIL 425,>>>+
425,>>>+
Cgftofdbfcy (9>%) $ 42,5>>
PGPIL 1 RS $ :39,5>>

Fgvbahbr 3>, 8>>5
8>.> XBEBXBFCBS
Cistollg, J., 9??0, Aofofd ^rgspbct #33-I, Dbglgdocil Xbcgffiossifcb if` scgut Siaplofd gf
Ifdgsturi ^rgspbct, Cjuquohiaholli-Ihifciy, of-jgusb rbpgrt prbpirb` egr îfdbi ^bru S.I.
Cofots, X. , 8>>8, Dbglgdocil Xbpgrt

Xbpg rt gf tjb Ifdgsturi ^rgpbrty, rbpgrt gf hbj
hbjile
ile ge I.C.I.
Jgwb Oftbrfitogfil Lt`. egr Iduoli Iabrocif Xbsgurcbs Lt`.
Dbg`bsoi ^bruifi, 8>>3, Pgpgdrieoi ^rgybctg Ifdgsturi, Loai, ^bru
Kiriaollg, U., Kuly 8>>3, Dbglgdocil Xbpgrt gf

g f tjb Ifdgsturi ^rgpbrty prbpirb` egr Id
Iduoli
uoli Iabrocif
Xbsgurcbs Lt`.
Fghlb, @.C. if` Uoìl, C.B., 9??0, Dgl` of ^bru= SBD Fbwslbttbr, Iprol 9??0.
Pjgapsgf Iff, 8>>3, Spbctril Ifilysos ge i Loabstgfb Siaplb erga Ifdgsturi, ^btriScobfcb
Cgfsultifts Ofc., Uifcguvbr, Cifiì
Pjgapsgf I.K.H. if` K.E.J., 9??5, Itlis ge Iltbritogf ; I Eobl` If` ^btrgdripjoc Duo`b tg
Jy`rgtjbrail Iltbritogf Aofbrils.
Pjgapsgf P.H., bt. il, 8>>8, Fbviì Hurbiu ge Aofbs if` Dbglgdy- Hullbtof 999, Dgl` @bpgsots
ge tjb Cirlof Prbf`.
Ubli L. bt il., Gctghbr 8>>5, Ifdgsturi ^rgkbct 8>>5/8>>4 Bxplgritogf ^rgdria. Oftbrfil Iduoli
Iabrocif Xbpgrt.
Uolci, C., 9??2, Xbcgfgfgcoaobftg Dbglgdocg Aofbrg `bl ^rgspbctg; Ifdgsturi, @ostrotg Curpijuiso,
^rgvofcoi Driu, @ptg `b Ipuroaic, of-jgusb rbpgrt prbpirb` egr ^licbr @gab.
Uolci, X.D., 9??3, Dbglgdoi `bl ^rgspbctg Ifdgsturi, of-jgusb rbpgrt egr Aofbri Sucijuiylli.
Tjotb, F.C. if` Jb`bfquost, K.T., 9??2, Bpotjbrail Dgl` @bpgsots ; Stylbs, Cjirictbrostocs if`
Bxplgritogf ; Sgcobty ge Bcgfgaoc Dbglgdosts Fbwslbttbr, Fg. 83.
[bvillgs, X. I., 9??0, Bstuòg Dbglgdocg Bviluitovg `b lgs ^rgspbctgs Ifdgsturi, _uci, y Liahriai
(Ipuroaic), of-jgusb rbpgrt prbpirb` egr Coi Iuroebri Ipuroaic S.I.

Fgvbahbr 3>, 8>>5
89.> @itb if` Sodfiturb îdb
Xbspbcteully Suhaottb`,
@OSCGUBX DBGLGDOCIL CGFSRLPIFPS
“Uoctgr Kiriaollg‑
Uoctgr I. Kiriaollg, ^.Dbg

Fgvbahbr 3>, 8>>5

Fgvbahbr 3>, 8>>5

I^^BF@OZ O
IFDGSPRXI ^XGKBCP IFIL_POCIL XBSRLPS - 8>>3

Fgvbahbr 3>, 8>>5

IFDGSPRXI ^XGKBCP IFILOPOCIL XBSRLPS 8>>3 Bxplgritogf ^rgdria
Siaplb Bistofd Fgrtjofd Siaplb Siaplb Lgcitogf Iu Id Hi Af @bscroptogf

Fg. Pypb To`tj (a) d/t d/t ppa ppa
423,3:5 :,005,55: Xgcm 3.>
3.>>
> gut
gutcrg
crgp
p >.>>
>.>>?
? >.3
>.3>
> 2: 980.>>
980.>> Eiult
Eiult zgf
zgfbb of loabs
loabstgf
tgfbs
bs
88?9>9 Cjops
88?9>8 423,8>8 :,005,838 Xgcm 0.>> gutcrgp >.33 >.?> 992 89?4 Uolcih
Uolcihiahi
iahi Eiult (7) zgfb wotj Sgriyi Ea
Cjops hrbccoi erid.
88?9>3 428,55: :,005,828 Xgcm 8.2> Xgi` cut >.>?2 9.>> :5: 3?:2 Orgf gxo`b struc
structurb
turb (loagfoto
(loagfotoc)
c)
Cjops
88?9>0 428,55: :,005,828 Xgcm 9.3> Xgi` cut >.>38 >.2> 35 922 Fgrtj ge prbvo
prbvogus
gus siapl
siaplbb - lbss loag
loagfotoc
fotoc
Cjops
88?9>2 428,554 :,005,835 Xgcm 8.82 Xgi` cut >.85 < >.8> 9>9: 82>: Orgf gxo`bs of eiult struc
structurb
turb (loagfoto
(loagfotoc)
c)
Cjops
88?9>5 428,:?8 :,005,92> Xgcm 2.>> Xgi` cut >.95 >.3> 924 804 Uuddy Yuirtz Ubof wotj Eb Gx. Of Sgriyi
Cjops Ea.
88?9>4 428,:?8 :,005,92> Xgcm 8.2> Xgi` cut >.>:5 < >.8> 352 83? Soaol
Soaolir
ir tg ´prb
´prbvogus
vogus siapl
siaplbb tg tjb Fgrtj,
Fgrtj, of
Cjops Sgriyi Ea.
88?9>: 428,?42 :,005,840 Xgcm 3.>> Xgi` cut 9.>? 9.4> ?5 09> Orgf gx. Structurb of Loabstgfbs (hgttga T
Cjops Ifdgsturi CM)
88?9>? 428,?42 :,005,840 Xgcm 3.>> Xgi` cut 9.33 8.>> 932 022 Cgftofuitogf erga prbvogus siaplb tg tjb
Cjops Fgrtj
88?99> 428,?42 :,005,840 Xgcm 8.2> Xgi` cut >.09 >.:> ?29 2:? Cgftofuitogf erga prbvogus siaplb tg tjb
Cjops Fgrtj
88?999 428,?42 :,005,824 Xgcm 8.>> T. Iòt 8.28 9.4> 334 ?852 Orgf gx. Sgutj will bftrifcb tg iòt
Cjops
88?998 428,?42 :,005,824 Xgcm 9.>> T. Iòt >.55 5.9> 8> 6 9% Orgf gx. Siaplb 8a fbxt tg iòt
Cjops
88?993 428,?42 :,005,840 Xgcm 3.>> 9.43 9.0> 939 059 @uplocitb ge siaplb 88?9>?
Cjops

Fgvbahbr 3>, 8>>5

88?990 428,5>4 :,005,990 Xgcm 0.>
0.>>
> P-0
P-0T
T >.9
>.92
2 05.
05.5>
5> 4339
4339 6 9% Eb, Af gxo`bs
gxo`bs wot
wotj
j hirotb
hirotb
Cjops
88?992 428,248 :,005,>8: Xgcm 0.>

0.>>
> P-2
P-2T
T >.3
>.38
8 9:.
9:.:>
:> 82?2
82?2 6 9% Eb, Af gxo`bs
gxo`bs wot
wotj
j hirotb
hirotb,, eri
erida.
da.
Cjops Loabstgfb
88?995 428,248 :,005,>8: Xgcm 0.>

0.>>
> P-2
P-2T
T >.3
>.33
3 34.
34.>>
>> 2>:8
2>:8 6 9% Sia
Siabb is prb
prbvog
vogus
us sia
siaplb
plb tg tjb Fgr
Fgrtj
tj
Cjops
88?994 428,248 :,005,>8: Xgcm 0.>

0.>>
> P-2
P-2T
T >.3
>.30
0 8>.
8>.3>
3> 5895
5895 6 9% Sia
Siabb is prb
prbvog
vogus
us sia
siaplb
plb tg tjb Fgr
Fgrtj
tj
Cjops
88?99: 428,248 :,005,>8: Xgcm
Cjops 0.>
0.>>
> P-2
P-2T
T >.3
>.32
2 80.>
80.>>
> 5389
5389 6 9% @up
@uploc
locitb
itb ge sia
siaplb
plb 88?994
88?994
88?99?
88?99? Xgcm Cjops >.>92 >.2> 58: 285 Hlif
Hlifm
m siapl
siaplbb ge drifgògro
drifgògrotb
tb
88?98> 429,058 :,002,28: Xgcm 3.2> P-9?T

P-9?T 9.>8 6 9>> 438: 6 9% Eb gxo`bs
gxo`bs of Loab
Loabstgfb
stgfb (list
(list trbfcj Tbst)
Cjops
88?989 429,439 :,002,598 Xgcm 3.>

3.>>
> P-9
P-93T
3T >.>
>.>39
39 >.:
>.:>
> 054 9930
9930 2% jba
jbaito
itotb
tb if` loabs
loabstgf
tgfbb
Cjops
88?988 429,439 :,002,598 Xgcm 2.>> P-93T

P-93T >.>2: 2.:> 20:: 5:3> 8>-2>
8>-2>%
% jbaito
jbaitotb,
tb, 92% hirot
hirotb,
b, Eb Gxo`b
Gxo`bss
Cjops
88?983 429,439 :,002,598 Xgcm 2.
2.>>
>> P-
P-93
93T
T >.
>.>5
>52
2 09
09.5
.5>
> 48
4895
95 2240
2240 8
8>-
>-3>
3>%
% hi
hiro
rotb
tb,, Eb if
if`
` Af gx
gxo`
o`bs
bs
Cjops
88?980 429,439 :,002,598 Xgcm 2.>> P-93T 9.:5 4.?> 5>8> 35:: Soaolir tg prbvogus siaplb, wotj hirotb
Cjops
88?982 429,439 :,002,598 Xgcm 2.>> P-93T >.89 5.3> 425> 6 9% Soaolir tg prbvogus siaplb
Cjops
88?985 429,439 :,002,598 Xgcm 2.>

2.>>
> P-
P-93T
93T >.>
>.>:4
:4 0.8
0.8>
> 449:
449: 6 9% Soa
Soaoli
olirr tg prb
prbvog
vogus
us sia
siaplb
plb
Cjops
88?984 429,439 :,002,598 Xgcm 5.>> P-93T

P-93T >.>4? 3.4> 5:>8 252> Soaol
Soaolir
ir tg prbvo
prbvogus
gus siapl
siaplbb wotj 9>%
Cjops jbaitotb
88?98: 429,439 :,002,598 Xgcm 3.>> P-93T >.80 0.4> 3:8> 09>? Iltbrb` oftrusovb wotj cjlgrotb, loag. Stiofs

Fgvbahbr 3>, 8>>5
Cjops
88?98? 429,453 :,002,588 Xgcm 0.>> P-90T

P-90T >.>50
>.>50 >.0> 9490 6 9% Aisso
Aissovb
vb Af, Eb gxo`b
gxo`bss of loab
loabstgfb
stgfb
Cjops
88?93> 428,>8? :,002,29> Xgcm 3.>> P-98T

P-98T 8.>? 90.2> 0359 6 9% Af, Eb gxo`bs if` quirt
quirtzz of loab
loabstgfb
stgfbss
Cjops
88?939 428,>8? :,002,29> Xgcm 2.>> P-98T

P-98T >.48 93.>> 8588 6 9% Af, Eb gxo`bs if` quirt
quirtzz of loab
loabstgfb
stgfbss
Cjops
88?938 428,>8? :,002,29> Xgcm 2.>

2.>>
> P-
P-98T
98T 0.3
0.39
9 98.
98.:>
:> ?2> 6 9% Af, Eb gxo`bs
gxo`bs if` quirtz
quirtz of loabs
loabstgf
tgfbs
bs
Cjops
88?933 429,?4> :,002,0:0 Xgcm 2.>> P-92T >.25 9.5> 9899 6 9% Af, Eb gxo`bs if` quirtz of loabstgfbs
Cjops
88?930 429,?4> :,002,0:0 Xgcm 2.>> P-92T >.48 >.2> 8?34 6 9% Af, Eb gxo`bs if` quirtz of loabstgfbs
Cjops
88?932 429,?4> :,002,0:0 Xgcm 0.>

0.>>
> P-
P-92T
92T >.>
>.>02
02 9.2
9.2>
> 90>>
90>> 6 9% Af, Eb gxo`bs
gxo`bs of loabst
loabstgfbs
gfbs
Cjops
88?935 428,>24 :,002,230 Xgcm 0.>> P-99T >.4> 2.>> 9>?> :?4> Af, Eb gxo`bs of loabstgfbs
Cjops
88?934 428,>24 :,002,230 Xgcm 0.>> P-99T >.82 0.0> 958: 6 9% Af, Eb gxo`bs of loabstgfbs
Cjops
88?93: 428,>24 :,002,230 Xgcm 0.>> P-99T 9.>8 8.?> 9349 6 9% Af, Eb gxo`bs of loabstgfbs
Cjops
88?93? 428,>24 :,002,230 Xgcm 0.>> P-99T 3.49 8.:> 2>2 009: Af, Eb gxo`bs of loabstgfbs
Cjops
88?90> 428,>42 :,002,25: Xgcm 2.>

2.>>
> P-
P-9>T
9>T >.>
>.>49
49 9.?
9.?>
> 989>
989> 6 9% Af, Eb gxo`bs
gxo`bs of loabst
loabstgfbs
gfbs
Cjops
88?909 428,>42 :,002,25: Xgcm 2.>> P-9>T

P-9>T >.>5?
>.>5? 9.2> 3805 6 9% Af, Eb gxo`b
gxo`bss of loab
loabstgfb
stgfbs,òs
s,òss.
s. Jbai
Jbaitotb
totb
Cjops
88?908 428,>42 :,002,25: Xgcm 2.>

2.>>
> P-9
P-9>T
>T >.>
>.>35
35 >.4
>.4>
> :9: ?8:>
?8:> Af, Eb gxo`bs
gxo`bs of loabst
loabstgfb
gfbss
Cjops

Fgvbahbr 3>, 8>>5

88?903 428,>42 :,002,25: Xgcm 2.>> P-9>T
P-9>T >.>32
>.>32 >.4> 989: 6 9% Af, Eb gxo`b
gxo`bss of loab
loabstgfb
stgfbs,òs
s,òss.
s. Jbai
Jbaitotb
totb
Cjops
88?900 Xgcm Cjops >.>95 >.8> 3>9 334 HLI
HLIFM
FM SIA^L
SIA^LB
B - DXIF
DXIFG@OG
G@OGXOPB
XOPB
88?902 428,340 :,002,438 Xgcm 3.>> P-?T >.>54 3.4> 90>9 6 9% Loag
Loagfotoc
fotoc rbso`
rbsoùil
uil Sgol clgsb tg aof.(7)
aof.(7)
Cjops
88?905 428,340 :,002,438 Xgcm 3.>> P-?T >.>4

>.>40
0 3.>> ?>0 :>?5 Loag
Loagfotoc
fotoc rbso`
rbsoùil
aof.(7)
Cjops
88?904 428,340 :,002,438 Xgcm 8.3> P-?T >.>90 >.0> 93? 90?3 Hlgc
Hlgcm
m hirrb
hirrbf
f loab
loabstgfb
stgfb (jubs
(jubsg)
g)
Cjops
88?90: 428,338 :,002,4>5 Xgcm 8.2> P-?9/8T

P-?9/8T >.>02 3.2> ?:8 5438 Loag
Loagfotoc
fotoc rbso`
rbsoùil
aof.(7)
Cjops
88?90? 428,223 :,002,:8: Xgcm 3.2> P-4T >.9? 84.0> 8953 6 9% Loag
Loagfotoc
fotoc Orgf if` aifd
aifdifbsb
ifbsb gxo`b
Cjops structurb
88?92> 428,223 :,002,:8: Xgcm 3.8> P-4T >.>89 >.0> ?9 90:> Hlgcm hirrbf loab
loabstgfb
stgfb (jubs
(jubsg)
g) of struc
structurb
turb
Cjops
88?929 428,223 :,002,:8: Xgcm 8.>>

8.>> P-4T
P-4T >.>4
>.>48
8 3>
3>.>
.>>
> 384
384 6 9% Or
Orgf
gf-- Af gxo`
gxo`bs
bs of loab
loabst
stgf
gfbb
Cjops
88?928 428,223 :,002,:8: Xgcm 4.>> P-4T >.>: >.2> 34 2:05 Hlgcm hirrbf loabstgfb (jubsg) of structurb
Cjops
88?923 428,223 :,002,:8: Xgcm 3.>> P-4T >.:0 >.2> 034 6 9% Af, Eb gxo`bs of loabstgfb
Cjops
88?920 428,05: :,002,:8: Xgcm 3.>

3.>>
> P-5
P-5T
T 9.4
9.42
2 6 9>> 04:4
04:4 6 9% Af, Eb gxo`bs
gxo`bs of loabst
loabstgfb
gfb
Cjops
88?922 428,05: :,002,:8: Xgcm 3.>
3.>>
> P-5
P-5T
T 9.>
9.>8
8 ?5.
?5.8>
8> ?:8?
?:8? 6 9% Af, Eb gxo`bs
gxo`bs of loabst
loabstgfb
gfb
Cjops
88?925 428,0:3 :,002,:08 Xgcm 9.5

9.52
2 P-5
P-5IT
IT 8.:
8.:5
5 83.
83.0>
0> ?>2 6 9% Af, Eb gxo`bs
gxo`bs of loabst
loabstgfb
gfb
Cjops
88?924 428,0:3 :,002,:08 Xgcm 9.5

9.52
2 P-5
P-5IT
IT 8.3
8.30
0 6 9>> 443:
443: 6 9% Af, Eb gxo`bs
gxo`bs of loabst
loabstgfb
gfb
Cjops

Fgvbahbr 3>, 8>>5

88?92: 428,23? :,002,?>0 Xgcm 3.2
3.2>
> P-2
P-2IT
IT >.9
>.9:
: 98.
98.8>
8> 9320
9320 6 9% Af, Eb gxo`bs
gxo`bs of loabst
loabstgfb
gfb
Cjops
88?92? 428,23? :,002,?>0 Xgcm 3.2> P-2IT >.0? 9.:> 83?2 6 9% Af, Eb gxo`bs of loabstgfb
Cjops
88?95> 428,23? :,002,?>0 Xgcm 8.2> P-2IT >.38 9.9> 4:3 0>? wbimly irdollozb` oftrusovb wotj loagfotb
Cjops stiofs
88?959 428,092 :,002,408 Xgcm 2.>> P-:T >.>30 >.2> 889 09: wbiml
wbimly y irdol
irdollozb
lozb`
` oftr
oftrusovb
usovb wotj loag
loagfotb
fotb
Cjops stiofs
88?958 428,092 :,002,408 Xgcm 2.>

2.>>
> P-:
P-:T
T >.>
>.>84
84 >.4
>.4>
> 038 8929
8929 Loa
Loagfo
gfotoc
toc rbs
rbsoù
oùil
il Sgol
Sgol
Cjops
88?953 428,092 :,002,408 Xgcm 2.>

2.>>
> P-:
P-:T
T >.>
>.>94
94 >.0
>.0>
> 322 8>90
8>90 Loa
Loagfo
gfotoc
toc rbs
rbsoù
oùil
il Sgol
Sgol
Cjops
88?950 428,092 :,002,408 Xgcm 2.>

2.>>
> P-:
P-:T
T >.>
>.>94
94 >.0
>.0>
> 838 9>:0
9>:0 Loa
Loagfo
gfotoc
toc rbs
rbsoù
oùil
il Sgol
Sgol
Cjops
88?952 428,092 :,002,408 Xgcm 9.:

9.:>
> P-:
P-:T
T >.>
>.>92
92 >.5
>.5>
> 82> ?:: Loa
Loagfo
gfotoc
toc rbs
rbsoù
oùil
il Sgol
Sgol
Cjops
88?955 428,5>4 :,005,990 Xgcm 0.>> P-0T >.98 82.0> 4084 6 9% Solocoeo
Solocoeob`
b` Hx struc
structurb
turb wotj Eb-Af gxo`b
gxo`bss
Cjops
88?954 428,5>4 :,005,990 Xgcm 0.>> P-0T >.98 8?.9> 435> 6 9% Solocoeo
Solocoeob`
b` Hx struc
structurb
gxo`bss
Cjops
88?95: 428,5>4 :,005,990 Xgcm 0.>> P-0T >.92 ?5.8> 2222 6 9% Solocoeo
Solocoeob`
b` Hx struc
structurb
gxo`bss
Cjops
88?95? 428,5>4 :,005,990 Xgcm 8.3> P-0T >.85 2?.5> 03>8 6 9% Solocoeo
Solocoeob`
b` Hx struc
structurb
gxo`bss
Cjops
88?94> 428,59> :,005,8>8 Xgcm 3.2> P-3T >.2: >.4> 9?28 6 9% Birtjy (of pirts) Af-Eb gxo`bs, sgabwjit
Cjops solocoeob`
88?949 428,59> :,005,8>8 Xgcm 9.>

9.>>
> P-3
P-3T
T >.>
>.>98
98 >.3
>.3>
> :> 538 Hlg
Hlgcm
cm hirrbf
hirrbf loabst
loabstgfb
gfb (jubsg
(jubsg))
Cjops


Fgvbahbr 3>, 8>>5

88?948 428,59> :,005,8>8 Xgcm 3.2> P-3T 3.9? < >.8 9559 6 9% Birtjy (of pirts) Af-Eb gxo`bs, sgabwjit
Cjops solocoeob`
88?943 428,59> :,005,8>8 Xgcm 3.2> P-3T 9.55 < >.8 9048 6 9% @uplocitb ge siaplb 88?948
Cjops
88?940
88?940 Xgcm Cjops >.>>2 < >.8 8>5 29> Hlif
Hlifm
m siapl
drifgògrotb
tb
88?942 429,445 :,002,538 Xgcm 8.5> P-90IT >.>3 < >.8 4>4 6 9% Eb-Af gxo`b structurb
Cjops
88?945 429,445 :,002,538 Xgcm 8.2> P-90I
P-90IT
T >.>90
>.>90 < >.8 938 405 Hlgcm hirrb
hirrbf
f loab
loabstgfb
stgfb (jubs
(jubsg)
g)
Cjops
88?944 429,445 :,002,538 Xgcm 8.2> P-90I

P-90IT
T >.>98
>.>98 >.3> 2>> 9990 Eb-Af gxo`b struc
structurb
turb wotj loab
loabstgfb
stgfb
Cjops
88?94: 429,445 :,002,538 Xgcm 8.2> P-90I

P-90IT
T >.>05 >.2> 9>30 0:> Il
Iltbrb`
tbrb` oftrusovb
oftrusovb - cjlgrotoc
cjlgrotoc-irdo
-irdolloc
lloc
Cjops
88?94? 429,4>0 :,002,598 Xgcm 8.2

8.2>
> P-9
P-93IT
3IT >.>
>.>94
94 8.0
8.0>
> 53?0
53?0 6 9% Hir
Hirrbf
rbf loabst
loabstgfb
gfb
Cjops
88?9:> 429,4>0 :,002,598 Xgcm 3.>> P-93I

P-93IT
T >.>08 3.8> 4599 ?089 Hiro
Hirotb,
tb, Eb-Af gxo`b struc
structurb
turb
Cjops
88?9:9 429,4>0 :,002,598 Xgcm 3.2> P-93IT 9.>3 ?.3> :>?8 6 9% Hirotb, Eb-Af gxo`b structurb
Cjops
88?9:8 429,4>0 :,002,598 Xgcm >.52 P-93I

P-93IT
T >.>20 8.2> 8?>9 8?94 Hlgc
Hlgcm
m hirrb
hirrbf
f loab
loabstgfb
stgfb (jubs
(jubsg)
g)
Cjops
88?9:3 429,4>0 :,002,598 Xgcm 8.2> P-93IT >.93 5.:> 838> 9384 Iltbrb` oftrusovb - cjlgrotoc-irdol
cjlgrotoc-irdolloc
loc
Cjops
88?9:0 429,589 :,002,25: Xgcm 8.2> P-95T >.>88 3.9> 5?4 9>3> Iltb
Iltbrb`
rb` ifmbrotoc
ifmbrotoc loab
loabstgfb
stgfb
Cjops
88?9:2 429,589 :,002,25: Xgcm 8.2> P-95T

P-95T >.?: 99.2> 0?30 8355 U
Uolcih
olcihiahi
iahi Eiult (7) zgfb wotj Sgriy
Sgriyi
i Ea
Cjops hrbccoi erid.

Fgvbahbr 3>, 8>>5
88?9:5 429,2?: :,002,25> Xgcm 3.>> P-94T >.3> 4.9> 4?32 6 9% Eb-Af gxo`b structurb wotj hirotb
Cjops
88?9:4 429,2?2 :,002,208 Xgcm 3.>
3.>>
> P-
P-9:T
9:T >.9
>.9>
> 6 9>> 6 9% 6 9% Bir
Birtjy
tjy Eb-
Eb-Af
Af gxo`b
gxo`b zgf
zgfbb
Cjops
88?9:: 429,2?2 :,002,208 Xgcm 0.

0.>>
>> P-
P-9:
9:T
T >.
>.>0
>0?
? 98
98.:
.:>
> 58
5832
32 0900
0900 Iltb
Iltbrb
rb`
` if
ifmb
mbro
roto
tocc loab
loabst
stgf
gfbb
Cjops
88?9:? 429,2?2 :,002,208 Xgcm 0.

0.>>
>> P-
P-9:
9:T
T >.
>.>8
>88
8 8>
8>.9
.9>
> 55
5534
34 3223
3223 Iltb
Iltbrb
rb`
` if
ifmb
mbro
roto
tocc loab
loabst
stgf
gfbb
Cjops
88?9?> 429,::0 :,002,50: Xgcm 8.2> P-98 9/8T >.>? >.5> 84? :?9 Birtjy Eb gxo`b zgfb
Cjops
88?9?9 429,::0 :,002,50: Xgcm 8.>

8.>>
> P-9
P-98
8 9/8T
9/8T >.>
>.>94
94 >.0
>.0>
> 89: 09> oftr
oftruso
usovb
vb irdoll
irdolloc
oc ilt.
ilt. Lo
Loagf
agfot
otozi
ozitog
togf
f
Cjops
88?9?8 429,::0 :,002,50: Xgcm 8.>

8.>>
> P-9
P-98
8 9/8T
9/8T >.>
>.>?9
?9 9.5
9.5>
> 00? 9:?0
9:?0 ooftr
ftruso
usovb
vb irdoll
irdolloc
oc ilt.
ilt. Lo
Loagf
agfot
otozi
ozitog
togf
f
Cjops
88?9?3 428,889 :,002,528 Xgcm 2.

2.>>
>> P-9>
P-9> 9/
9/8T
8T >.
>.>8
>88
8 >.
>.2>
2> 9899
9899 6 9% Eb
Eb-A
-Af
f gx
gxo`
o`bb st
stru
ruct
ctur
urbb
Cjops
88?9?0
88?9?0 Xgcm Cjops >.>>2 < >.8 834 8:> Hlif
Hlifm
m siapl
drifgògrotb
tb
88?9?2 428,:?8 :,005,92> Xgcm 2.>> gutcrgp >.90 < >.8 93: 3>: @uplocitb siaplb ge 88?9>5
Cjops
88?9?5 422,540 :,005,050 Xgcm 3.>

3.>>
> P-IB
P-IB >.>
>.>92
92 >.3
>.3>
> 9>5 842 Eb gxo`b
gxo`b str
struct
ucturb
urb
Cjops
88?9?4 422,540 :,005,050 Xgcm 3.5

3.5>
> P-IB
P-IB >.>
>.>>:
>: >.3
>.3>
> 990.>
990.>>
> 8>>.>>
8>>.>> oftrus
oftrusovb
ovb irdoll
irdolloc
oc ilt.
ilt. Loa
Loagfo
gfotoz
tozito
itogf
gf
Cjops
88?9?: 422,540 :,005,050 Xgcm 9.>> P-IB >.>>: >.0> 958 0>8 oftr
oftrusovb
usovb irdol
irdolloc
loc ilt. Loag
Loagfoto
fotozito
zitogf
gf
Cjops
88?9?? 422,:2? :,005,355 Xgcm 8.2> P-HB >.02 >.8> :43 6 9% Eb-Af gxo`b structurb
Cjops
88?8>> 422,:2?
422,:2? :,005,355
:,005,355 Xgcm 3.>> P-HB >.>?5 >.8> 933 8?>4 Hlgcm hirrb
hirrbf
f loab
loabstgfb
stgfb (jubs
(jubsg)
g)

Fgvbahbr 3>, 8>>5
Cjops
88?8>9 422,:2? :,005,355 Xgcm 8.0> P-HB 8.5? 9.>> :28 6 9% Eb-Af gxo`b structurb
Cjops
88?8>8 420,?08 :,005,24: Xgcm 0.>

0.>>
> P-9
P-9B
B >.2
>.22
2 43.
43.5>
5> 489?
489? 6 9% Eb-
Eb-Af
Af gxo`b
gxo`b str
struct
ucturb
urb
Cjops
88?8>3 420,?08 :,005,24: Xgcm

Cjops 8.>> P-9B >.9: 50.2> 4425 6 9% Hlgc
Hlgcm
m ifmbro
ifmbrotoc
toc loab
loabstgfb
stgfb (jubs
(jubsg)
g)
88?8>0 420,?08 :,005,24: Xgcm 8.8

8.8>
> P-9
P-9B
B >.8
>.84
4 8:.
8:.9>
9> 59>4
59>4 6 9% Eb-
Eb-Af
Af gxo`b
gxo`b str
struct
ucturb
urb
Cjops
88?8>2 420,?08 :,005,24: Xgcm 3.>> P-9B >.>9? >.3> 8>9 2?5 Hlgc
Hlgcm
m ifmbro
ifmbrotoc
toc loab
loabstgfb
stgfb (jubs
(jubsg)
g)
Cjops
88?8>5 420,?54 :,005,2:5 Xgcm 3.2> P-8B >.:: 2.?> 240 6 9% Eb-Af gxo`b structurb
Cjops
88?8>4 420,?85 :,005,2:> Xgcm 3.>

3.>>
> P-3
P-3B
B >.0
>.03
3 3>.
3>.4>
4> 58:0
58:0 6 9% Eb-
Eb-Af
Af gxo`b
gxo`b str
struct
ucturb
urb
Cjops
88?8>: 420,?85 :,005,2:> Xgcm 3.>> P-3B >.:9 9.8> 8?34 6 9% Eb-Af gxo`b structurb
Cjops
88?8>? 420,?85 :,005,2:> Xgcm 8.>> P-3B >.>29 9.>> 0>5 ::5 Hlgc
Hlgcm
m ifmbro
ifmbrotoc
toc loab
loabstgfb
stgfb (jubs
(jubsg)
g)
Cjops
88?89> 420,?35 :,005,598 Xgcm 0.2> P-3 9/8B 9.4> 69>> 82:4 6 9% Eb-Af gxo`b solocoeob` structurb
Cjops
88?899 420,::9 :,005,240 Xgcm 0.8

0.8>
> P-0
P-0B
B 9.8
9.85
5 9?.:>
9?.:> 324:
324: 6 9% Eb-
Eb-Af
Af gxo`b
gxo`b soloco
solocoeob
eob`
` str
struct
ucturb
urb
Cjops
88?898 420,::9 :,005,240 Xgcm 0.8> P-0B 0.8: 0.5> 9>:4 5:?8 Eb-Af gxo`b solocoeob` structurb
Cjops
88?893 420,::9 :,005,240 Xgcm 9.2> P-0B >.>3? 9.8> 094 9005 Hlgc
Hlgcm
m ifmbro
ifmbrotoc
toc loab
loabstgfb
stgfb (jubs
(jubsg)
g)
Cjops
88?890
88?890 420,:
420,:59
59 :,00
:,005,22>
5,22> Xgcm 8.>> P-2B >.>04 0.5> 0?:> 6 9% Eb-Af gxo`b struc
structurb
turb

Fgvbahbr 3>, 8>>5
Cjops
88?892 420,:85 :,005,24: Xgcm 8.>

8.>>
> ôt S-9 >.3
>.3:
: 35.?> 5298
5298 6 9% Eb-
Eb-Af
Af gxo`b
gxo`b str
struct
ucturb
urb
Cjops
88?895 420,482 :,005,22> Xgcm 2.>> P-2 9/8B >.>

>.>95
95 >.3> 88> 4>8 Hlgc
Hlgcm
m wjotb iltbrb`
iltbrb` loabstgfb
loabstgfb (jubsg)
(jubsg)
Cjops
88?894 420,482 :,005,22> Xgcm 2.>

2.>>
> P-2 9/8B
9/8B >.8
>.88
8 92.
92.>>
>> 80: 489 Hlg
Hlgcm
cm wjo
wjotb
tb iltbrb
iltbrb`
` loabst
loabstgfb
gfb (jubsg
(jubsg))
Cjops
88?89: 420,504 :,005,22: Xgcm 2.>> ôt B 3.?8 69>> 8:>: 9:>: Aissovb Eb-Af gxo`b solocoeob` structurb
Cjops
88?89? 420,205 :,005,295 Xgcm 0.>> P-5B >.>3 2.2> 938 ?:3 Eridabftb` wjotb iltbrb` loabstgfb wotj
Cjops trivbrtofb
88?88> 420,035 :,005,0?8 Xgcm 8.8> P-4B >.>>5 >.0> 04 84? Hlgc
Hlgcm
m ifmbro
ifmbrotoc
toc loab
loabstgfb
stgfb (jubs
(jubsg)
g)
Cjops
88?889 420,035 :,005,0?8 Xgcm 9.2> P-4B >.>90 >.2> 3> 8>? Hlgc
Hlgcm
m ifmbro
ifmbrotoc
toc loab
loabstgfb
stgfb (jubs
(jubsg)
g)
Cjops
88?888 423,::5 :,005,>50 Xgcm 3.>> gutcrgp 8.94 9.4> 99: 38: Uuddy quirtz vbof wotj Eb gxo`bs of Sgriyi
Cjops Ea.
88?883 423,::5 :,005,>50 Xgcm 3.>> gutcrgp 9.4: 9.?> 90?9 82> Uuddy quirtz vbof wotj Eb gxo`bs of Sgriyi
Cjops Ea.
88?880 420,350 :,005,0?5 Xgcm 3.>

3.>>
> P-4 9/8B
9/8B >.
>.>04
>04 >.?
>.?>
> 940 9935
9935 bir
birtjy
tjy Eb gxo`b
gxo`b zgfb
zgfb
Cjops
88?882 420,350 :,005,0?5 Xgcm 3.>

3.>>
> P-4 9/8B
9/8B >.
>.>8?
>8? >.0
>.0>
> 8>2 8995
8995 bir
birtjy
tjy Eb gxo`b
gxo`b zgfb
zgfb
Cjops
88?885 420,339 :,005,0:5 Xgcm 3.2> P-:B >.>82 >.5> 934 3>: Eb gxo`b
gxo`bss wotj erid
eridabfts
abfts hirrbf
hirrbf loabs
loabstgfb
tgfb
Cjops
88?884 420,9?2 :,005,04: Xgcm 8.>> P-?B >.>84 9.:> 04 :>5 Eb gxo`b struc
structurb
turb of cgfti
cgftict
ct wotj òmb tg
Cjops tjb sgutj
88?88:
88?88: 420,>
420,>25
25 :,00
:,005,058
5,058 Xgcm >.0> P-9>B >.>95 >.4> 58 3?: Ubof lomb structurb
structurb cuttofd
cuttofd wjot
wjotbb iltbrb`
iltbrb`

Fgvbahbr 3>, 8>>5
Cjops loabstgfb
88?88? 420,>25 :,005,058 Xgcm 8.>> P-9>B >.>>4 <>.8 8> 855 Strgfd
Strgfdly
ly wjot
wjotbb iltbrb`
iltbrb` loabstgfb
loabstgfb
Cjops
88?83> 423,??> :,005,008 Xgcm 8.>> P-99B >.>98 >.2> 92 843 Strgfd
Strgfdly
ly wjot
wjotbb iltbrb`
iltbrb` loabstgfb
loabstgfb
Cjops
88?839 423,?25 :,005,000 Xgcm 9.2> ôt 8 >.>>4 <>.8 90 082 Strgfd
Strgfdly
ly wjot
wjotbb iltbr
iltbrb`
b` loabstgfb
loabstgfb
Cjops
88?838 423,:82 :,005,095 Xgcm 9.5> ôt 3 >.>:2 2.:> 04 2?4 Strgfd
Strgfdly
ly wjot
wjotbb iltbr
iltbrb`
b` loabstgfb
loabstgfb
Cjops
88?833 423,434 :,005,08> Xgcm >.5>

>.5> ôt
ôt 0 >.>8
>.>88
8 9?
9?.?
.?>
> 35 033
033 Strg
Strgfd
fdly
ly wj
wjot
otbb iltb
iltbrb
rb`
` loab
loabst
stgf
gfbb
Cjops
88?830 423,849 :,005,32> Xgcm 9.8> P-98B 9.58 9.5> 9>0 9834 Orgf gxo`b structurb of cgftict wotj
Cjops oftrusovb
88?832 423,849 :,005,32> Xgcm 9.8> P-98B 8.82 8.5> 9>4 9849 @uplocitb ge siaplb 88?830
Cjops
88?835 423,849 :,005,32> Xgcm >.2> P-98B >.93 <>.8 92? 9>48 cjlgrotoc oftrusovb F ge prbvogus siaplb
Cjops
88?834 423,850 :,005,300 Xgcm 2.:> gutcr

gutcrgp
gp >.>?8 >.2> 2? 8820 Solocoeo
Solocoeob`
b` Eb gxo`b struc
structurb
turb
Cjops
88?83: 423,389 :,005,390 Xgcm 2.>> P-93B 9.53 3.9> 852 84?5 Aofbrilozb` Cglipsb hrbccoi wotj Eb gxo`bs
Cjops
88?83? 423,389 :,005,390 Xgcm 2.>> P-93B >.4> >.?> 33> 2>?2 Aofbrilozb` Cglipsb hrbccoi wotj Eb gxo`bs
Cjops
88?80> 423,389 :,005,390 Xgcm 9.2> P-93B >.33 8.2> 98>> 6 9% Aofbrilozb` Cglipsb hrbccoi wotj Eb gxo`bs
Cjops
88?809 423,389 :,005,390 Xgcm 2.>> P-93B 8.>4 9.0> 3>: 0905 @uplocitb ge siaplb 88?83:
Cjops
88?808 423,3>4 :,00
:,005,38>
5,38> Xgcm 5.2> P-90B 0.93 <>.8 355 6 9% Aofbrilozb` Cglipsb hrbccoi wotj Eb-Af

Fgvbahbr 3>, 8>>5
Cjops gxo`bs
88?803 423,38? :,005,3>8 Xgcm 3.>> P-92B 2.02 <>.8 593 40>4 Aofbrilozb` Cglipsb hrbccoi wotj Eb-Af
Cjops gxo`bs
88?800 423,3>5 :,005,309 Xgcm 0.2> P-95B 3.:8 8.9> 949? 6 9% Aofbrilozb` Cglipsb hrbccoi wotj Eb-Af
Cjops gxo`bs
88?802 423,3>5 :,005,309 Xgcm 3.2> P-95B :.?0 9.:> 205 5800 Aofbrilozb` Cglipsb hrbccoi wotj Eb-Af
Cjops gxo`bs
88?805 423,320 :,005,8?> Xgcm 3.>> P-94B :.9? 3.8> 9225 6 9% Eb-Af gxo`b structurb
Cjops
88?804
88?804 Xgcm Cjops >.>>2 <>.8 9?5 042 Hlif
Hlifm
m siapl
drifgògrotb
tb
88?80: 428,?4> :,005,85> Xgcm 9.2> T Iòt >.:? <>.8 8:5 2330 Eb-Af gxo`b structurb
Cjops
88?80? 428,?4> :,005,85> Xgcm 9.:> T Iòt >.?2 >.2> ?0 3:>4 Eb-Af gxo`b structurb
Cjops
88?82>
88?82> Xgcm Cjops >.>>2 <>.8 9:9 389 Hlif
Hlifm
m siapl
drifgògrotb
tb
I^^BF@OZ OO
Jif` Spbcoabfs if` ^jgtgs

I jif` siaplb erga Prbfcj P-0T sjgwofd hrgmbf-up hirotb crystils hy elggòfd
ge soloci rocj orgf-aifdifbsb gxo`bs. Strofdbrs ge hirotb irb ghsbrvb` tg ilsg
hb cuttofd tjb gxo`bs. Pjos piridbfbtoc sbqubfcb aiy ofòcitb it lbist twg
pjisbs ge aofbrilozitogf, hirotb hbofd i litb stidb bvbft of botjbr cisb.
(scilb of ca). (^jgtg 8>>3)

Pypocil vuddy, soloci-rocj, orgf-aifdifbsb gxo`b dgl` hbirofd aofbril spbcoabf

erga zgfb 8 (Scilb of ca). (^jgtg 8>>3)

Uobw lggmofd bist sjgwofd aofbrilozb` zgfbs 9 if` 8. Pjb

vbrtocil òstifcb erga tjb hgttga ge tjb Ifdgsturi Crbbm
tg tjb tgp ge zgfb 8 os ipprgxoaitbly 8>> abtbrs. ^jgtg timbf
hbegrb fbw rgi` cut icrgss zgfb 9 (^jgtg 8>>3).

Uobw lggmofd bist ge aofbrilozb` zgfbs 9 if` 8 (pjgtg 8>>3).

^jgtg ge Prbfcj P-3T, P-3T, sjgwofd aissovb soloci rocj orgf-aifdifbsb gxo`b dgl`
aofbrilozitogf. Of tjb cbftbr ge tjb pjgtg, lobs i hlgcm ge hirrbf loabstgfb wjocj wis fgt
issoaolitb` cgaplbtbly hy tjb jy`rgtjbrail eluo`s. Sucj orrbdulir sjipb` hirrbf eridabfts irb
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usb`
tg `bscrohb tjos loabstgfb rbafift eridabfts os “jubsg‑ wjocj abifs “hgfb‑ of Spifosj ùb tg
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I H I F C I _ I ^ R X O A I C ^ B X R
G 5 SBP 8>95
C O X O LG ^ X O C O G D
FGP X G ^Û LOCG
92 Piloi Agtti îlgaofg 44: 5589
95 Cbebrofg Cgf`gro Bsciliftb 0 82454:
94 Soxtg ^gccgro Cciripi 3920332?
9: Airlbfy ^bùi Liyab 0923?050
9? Lbgfcog Ofci Cgf`gro 03 :3:8
8> Blozihbtj [ifihroi Yuospb 0443?20?
89 îscuil Juiaifo Kurg : 9? :09
88 Uoctgroi Iybrvb Uirdis 00043224
C@ 83 Joliroi Bsciliftb Icjullb 008898::
80 Susifi Juiaif Yuospb 39 ?524 •
82 Uilbftáf Juollci Cgf`gro 39288383
85 Sbfgvoi Hbòi ^gccgro 83:85433
84 _ifbtj Juiaéf Jurti`g 044?25?8

8: Brisag Ilvirbs Jolirbs 0:00??49
8? Erifcoscg Hbòi Cgf`gro : 9:?35
3> Hbrfiròfi D ó a b z Juillpi 39283?9
3 9 Sihofi Cgf`gro Juiaif 39208382
38 Eblo coi fg Cciripi Juiaif ?039504
33 Erifcoscg Hirrogs Siyi 39 ? 4:
30 Kgsbei Juiaif Juiaifgrccg J@
32 Iabr oc g Juiaif Kurg 050 45 4
35 Kuif Cruz Séfcjbz 39203940
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C O X O L GFIG ^ IX OCOG DILO FÓÓ

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34 Focglés Cistrg Iybrvb 83?23249
3: Kûfogr Cruz Pbvbz 0:985333
3? Pbg`grg Iybrvb Séfcjbz 39208343
0> Budbfoi Liyab Cér`bfis 39203829
09 Xgsabro Cruz Pbvbs 4000 :5
08 Cblsg D ó a b z Iybrvb 48 9 388
03 Erifcg ^bùi Iybrvb 4000883:
00 Xgclg Uoctgroi Hbòi Pubrg 49: ?50
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dis 3920888
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0: Dliòs Xiags Cjgqub 80??85?0
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29 Solvoi Agfoci Hbòi Ofci 44 :44 8
28 Kgsï Luos ^gccgro Juiaif 020 3394
23 Jolirog Cistrg Iybrvb 39283359
20 Xbfb Cistrg Juiaéf 00 209 0
22 Clbgeb Juiaif Juiaifgrccg 3920888?
25 Sgfoi Cistrg Juiaif 044333?3
24 Ablvi Clbabfcoi Liuri Silofis 035 49 0
2: Siftoidg Bsciliftb Icjullo 09:95?08
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5 3 Kgjf X D ó a b z Cgftrbris 4>4:?0>9
5 0 Uocbftifi Cgftrbris Grtoz 39>8:4:2
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55 _ bfo Séfc jbz Yuorquojui ùi 49440588
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4 9 Eblocotis Iybrvb Uirdis 0050>295
4 8 AodubP Hirrogs Siyi 09?88982
4 3 A ir l bf o Cgf`gro Ccgyuro 0:00439>
4 0 Orofbg Ebrrg Iricciti 392838:2
4 2 Airtofi Hirrogs Siyi 0>:52535
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triì 392834::
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4 : Airoifg Iybrvb S é f c j b z 39289399
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9 5 Cbebrofg Cgfégrl Bsciliftb 0 82454:
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8 8 . U o c t g r o i I y b r v b U i r d i s 00043224
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80. Susifi Jui a if Yuospb 39>>?524
8 2 . U i l b f t á f J u o l l c i C g f ` g r o 39288383
8 5 . S b f g v o i H b ` o i ^ g c c g r o 83:85433
8 4 . _ i f b t j J u i a é f J u r t i ` g 044?25?8
8 : . B r i s a g I l v i r b s J o l i r b s 0:00??49

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3 5 . K u i f C r u z S é f c j b z 39203940
3 4 . F o c g l é s C i s t r g I y b r v b 83?23249
3 : . K û f o g r C r u z P b v b z 0:985333
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0 9 . X g s a b r o C r u z P b v b s 4000>>:5
0 8 . C b l s g D ó a b z I y b r v b 48>9>388
03 Erifcg ^bùi Iybrvb 4000883:
00 Xgcoó Uoctg roi Hbòi Pubrg 49:>>?50
02 Uocbf tofi Iyb rvb Uirdis 3920888>
05 Cblbstofg Yuospb Yuospb 00823?2?

G 5 SBP 8>95
0 4 I l o c oi
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20 Xbfb Cistrg Jui aé f 00>209>0
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2: Siftoidg Bsciliftb Icjullo 09:95?08
2? Sbduf` ofi Icj ullo Juia if 3920834>
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55 _bfo Séfcjbz Y uorqu ojui ùi 49440588
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> ? / 9 8 / 8 > 9 9 . Sb i `kufti cg fs ti fc o i s `b cg fvg ci tg ro i vi lloo ì y qug ru a s ueo cob
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idrácglis.
Oferibstructuri próxoai i rb` `b bfbrdái .
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Uublgs òirogs `bs`b Loai) Cirrbtbris
pivoabftiìs y ciaofgs `b drivi òrbctgs i zgfis clivb.
Idui; eubftbs aûltoplbs (elukg cgfstiftb – bl iùg)
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Aofbrilbs `b `bstofg; Iu y Id + Cu, [f y ^h
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aofbril
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8.
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iprgxoaiìabftb
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IFPIHIAHI BL GXG I_IJRI_ LLICPBG SI. CJIFC.
CBFPIRXG
Sb jif cgfticti`g i vboftb cgaufoì`bs aés.
UBFPIKIS CGAÎXIPOUIS BF EIUGX @B

^XGCBSIAOBFPG
BF LI [GFI
Sb cgapirif lis ^liftis `b ^rgcbsiaobftg
ictuil bf Fizci y Cjili cgf li uturi ^lifti Bl
Proufg.
@ost
stiifcoi
oi;; I Fiz
Fizci Cjil
Cjili
i `bhb
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bcgr
grrb
rbrr
aucjg aiygrbs òstifcois, aobftris qub il
Proufg sb bfcubftrif bf li vbcofì`, cgf
bfgrab òbrbfcoi `b cgstgs.
Sbduoaobftg; So uf aofbrg quobrb
icgapiùir su cirdi, tobfb qub or cgf
ciaogfbs `b 9> tgf i Ihifciy i uf ludir `b
icgpog piri trisli`g i ciaogfbs `b 3> tgf,

cisg cgftrirog vbf`b bf su aofi sof
vbroecir pbsg fo lbybs.
Ubr
broe
oeci
cico
coóf
óf `b pbpbsg
sg y lb
lbyb
ybs;
s; Bl prgcbsg y
bquopiaobftg `b Bl Proufg, lb pbraotoré il
Aofbrg vbroecir bl pbsg y lis lbybs iftbs `b
prgcbsir su aofbril
îdg; Bf Fizci Cjili,
Cjili, lbs pidif i lgs 3 i 92
òis, bf bl Proufg sb pidiri 2>% i li
llbdiì y bl rbstg bf ufgs `gs òis.
Becobfcoi `b ^lifti; Bl Proufg
Proufg bs òsbùi`g y
sb prgcbsi cgf bl ghkbtovg `b lgdrir ufi ilti
rbcupbricoóf qub pbraoti abkgrbs pidgs i
lgs Aofbrgs.
Ipgygs bxtris; IIX ìré ipgyg piri
grailozicoóf, bquopiaobftg cgag
cgaprbsgrbs, airtollgs, bxplgsovgs y
isbsgráis bf bxplgricogf y aofi`g.
^lifg `b uhocicoóf `b Aofbrgs Irtbsifilbs

Sb aubstrif cirrbtbris `b iccbsg
Cirrbtbris i li ^lifti Bl Proufg
Proufg
Iutgrozicogfbs y ^braosgs;
BSPI@G
BSPI@G @B ^BXAOSGS _ IRPGXO[ICOGFBS
Cgf li Cgaufoì` `b Agllbpoùi;
- @bs
@bs`b`b 9??2
9??2 IIX ai
aifto
ftobfb
bfb rbl
rblico
icogfb
gfbss cg
cgf
f bllgs
bllgs..
- Bf bhr
bhrbrg
brg `
`bl
bl 8>
8>99
99 iiutg
utgroz
rozico
icoóf
óf pi
piri
ri bx
bxplg
plgric
ricogf
ogf..
- 84 bhr
bhrbrg
brg 8>90
8>90 icubr
icubr`g
`g ccgf
gf Aofb
Aofbrgs
rgs Irt
Irtbsi
bsifil
filbs.
bs.
- 83 iihr
hrol
ol 8>90
8>90 i
icub
cubr`g
r`g ppiri
iri ofstil
ofstilir
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lifti
ti p
pgr
gr 9
922 iùgs
iùgs
- Ic
Icubr
ubr`gs
`gs vir
virogs
ogs pir
piri
i ip
ipgyg
gyg,, ci
ciapi
apiabf
abftgtg b
btc.
tc.
Cgf bl Aofostbrog `b Culturi

- Iut
Iutgro
grozic
zicoóf
oóf `bl COXI
COXI piri
piri li láfb
láfbi
i bl
blïct
ïctroc
roci
i
- Iut
Iutgro
grozic
zicoóf
oóf `bl COXI
COXI piri
piri li ^lif
^lifti
ti (3> jis
jis))
Cgf li Cgaufoì` `b Xitmiy;

- ^br
^braos
aosg
gppiri
iri cgfst
cgfstruc
ruccoó
coóf
f``b
bccirr
irrbtb
btbri
ri 3 M
Ma
a
Cgf Blbctrg Sur Bstb;

- Ic
Icubr
ubr`g
`g `
`b
bssua
uaofos
ofostrg
trg `b bfb
bfbrdá
rdái
ibblbc
lbctro
troci
ci
Cgf li @XBA;
- Xbs
Xbsglu
glucoó
coóf
f Cli
Clisoe
soecic
cicoóf
oóf IIaho
ahobft
bftil
il y ipr
iprghi
ghicoó
coóf
f `b lgs PP@X
@X
`bl 8> `b ihrol `bl 8>92.
- Ip
Iprgh
rghico
icoóf
óf `bl BOI bl 80
80 `b
`b ggctu
ctuhrb
hrb `bl 8>9
8>92
2
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Sgloco
locotu`
tu` ``b
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iutgrozic
zicoóf
oóf `b
`b Cgf
Cgfcbs
cbsogf
ogf `
`b
b Hbf
Hbfbec
becog,
og, sb
bspbri iprghicoóf piri sbtobahrb `bl 8>95.
Iutgroì` Lgcil `bl idui; Iutgrozicoóf `b usg `b idui
Ofdbfobroi `b @btillb
Li Ofdbfobroi `b `btillb ji so`g rbilozi`g pgr li
baprbsi DBGAOFCG SXL.

ICGABPO@I BLBCPXOCI
Bf li zgfi bxostb bl Sostbai oftbrcgfbcti
oftbrcgfbcti`g
`g piri
suaofostrg blïctrocg

Li
Li òstrohucoóf bs bf abòì
pgtbfcoi ofstiliì tbfsoóf
`b li ^lifti, bs`b
`b88.? mv
:>> Mw
Sb ji cgfbccogfi`g li Ofdbfobroi `b `btillb `b li láfbi
l áfbi `b
oftbrcgfbxoóf i li ^lifti cgaprbf`b; 0.24 Ma `b lgfdotu`,
tbrfi cgf cihlbs `b iluaofog rbgrzi`g ICSX `b 4> aa 8,
0> pgstbs `b ai`bri `b pofg clisb 2@ y 8 pgstbs cgfcrbtg
`b 93a.
Sb tobfbf iutgrozicogfbs `b li Cgaufoì` y `b lgs
pgsbcogfirogs `b supbrecob piri li ofstilicoóf `b li láfbi
Li iutgrozicoóf `bl Aofostbrog `b culturi (COXI) ji so`g
bxpbòì.
Bl Dbfbri`gr bs Blbctrocg Sur Bstb, cgf bllgs, sb ji erai`g
uf icubr`g `b suaofostrg.
ICGABPO@I @B IDRI
@ospgfoholoì` `b idui;
idui; Bf li zgfi bxostbf aucjgs rágs,
aififtoilbs y hgbìlbs, cbrci i li ^lifti tbfbags lgs
soduobftbs aififtoilbs cgf lgs ukgs `b idui abò`gs bf
ïpgci `b bstoikb (bscicbz bf gctuhrb fgvobahrb)
- Cur
Curpij
pijuis
uisoo bf qub
qubhri
hriì
ì Eitg i 3.2 Ma 2.8 lps
- Xi
Xitm
tmiy
iy bf
bf qubhr
qubhriì
iì Xi
Xitm
tmiy
iy i 3.>2
3.>2 Ma, 8.2 lps
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Agllb
lbpoù
poùi
i pob
pob `bl cbr
cbrrg
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Mbllg
g 3 igria
igriaobf
obftg
tg cgf
cgf 8.>
8.> lps
lps
 Xbqubroaobftg `b idui; Sbdûf li ofdbfobroi `b `btillb

`bl prgcbsg, sb rbquobrb piri bl prgcbsg ofùstroil 9.:0
lps, ciapiabftg >.>5 lps, tgtil 9.? lps.
 Icgabtoì; sb ji abfcogfi`g cgag eubftb piri bl
^r
^rgyb
gybctg
ctg,, lgs aif
aifift
iftoil
oilbs
bs `b Agllb
Agllbpoù
poùi,
i, tbf
tbfbag
bagss li
iutgrozicoóf `b sbrvoùahrb `b pisg. Sb tgai bl idui
bf `gs puftgs cgf sus rbspbctovis cisbtis y hgahi `b
8> J^ pipiri
ri ò
òro
rodo
dorl
rli
i pgr
pgr uf
ufi
i tu
tuhb
hbrá
rái
i bf
bftb
tbrr
rri`
iì
i il
tifqub `b idui erbsci `b li plifti.
ICPOUO@I@BS CGLIPBXILBS – ^XGDXIAI
ICPOUO@I@/ABSBS -8 -9 9 8 3 0 2 5 4 :
Cgftritgs cgf aofbrgs
Icgpog `b aofbril
Grdifozicoóf `b pbrsgfil
Cgftriticogf Supbrvosogf
Ghri
Cgftriticogf `b pbrsgfil
^rgtgcglgs `b ifilosos y
pidgs
^rgtgcglg `b sbduroì`
Isuftgs iàofostritovgs
Ciapiabftg `b Ghri
Ciapiabftg `b ^rgùccogf
Ipgyg i lgs Aofbrgs

Cgaplbtir su bviluicogf
Ipgyg bf Egrailozicogf
Ipgyg bf cgapri `b
bquopgs
Isbsgrois i lgs aofbrgs
Fgti; Bl abs ufg sb ofocoi lubdg `bl fifcoiaobftg y iprghicoóf `bl

@XBA

^LIFPI BL PXORFEG – ^XGDXIAI @B GHXI (Abs 9 cgaobfzg i cgf

fifcoiaobftg y iutgrozicoóf @XBA)
ICPOUO@I@/ABSBS -8 -9 9 8 3 0 2 5 4 :
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xxxx
Láfbi Blïctroci xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
xx
Icgabtoì `b idui xxxx
xx
^litiegrais xxxxxxxxxx
xxx
Xblivbri xxxxxxxxxxx
xxxx
Lgsis y Cillbs xxxxxxxxxxx
xxxxx
Coabfticoóf xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
xxxxx
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`glirbs/abs 0 2 3
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^LIF @B ICGÔG @B AOFBXIL 9BX 8@G _ 3BX IÙGS

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Fgti; ^rbc
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`bl 80 `b aiyg 8>95
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bl abs
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ÎDGS I LGS ^XGUBB@GXBS @B AOFBXIL

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UIF 00?04
POX ?5%
@itgs; ODU 9:% OX 8:,84 y 85% CGM 9>% ML :%
Bkbrcocogs drivihlbs Iùg `b Gpbricoóf 9 8:%, iùg 8 i 3, 84% y 0 i
aés 85%
CGFCLRSOGFBS
 Bxcblbftbs rblicogfbs cgf Agllbpoùi `bs`b ais `b vboftb iùgs.

Bxcblbftbs
 Cgf bl ipgyg `b IIX sb egrailozg Ccgroaofis li 9ri bf Ipuráaic.
 Ccgroaofis y lis Cgaufoì`bs `b li zgfi po`bf oaplbabfticoóf
`b ^lifti.
 Bstiags bf cgftofug cgftictg cgf bllgs y tg`gs sgf cgfscobftbs `b
lis Aûltoplbs vbftikis `b tbfbr ufi plifti cbrci y fg lbkgs cgag
Fizci Cjili.
 Pbfbags
Pbfbags cgfvbfog `b usueructg cgf li Cgaufoì` pgr 92 iùgs y
iutgrozicogfbs `b li @XBA y gtrgs ofcluoì li iprghicoóf `bl @OI,
COXI, IFI, btc.
 Li of
ofdb
dbfo
fobr
brái
ái `b @b
@btitill
llb
b bs
bsté
té tb
tbra
raof
ofiì
iì,, pg`b
pg`bag
agss ofoc
ofocoi
oirr `b
ofab
ofabò
òit
itg
g li CgCgfs
fstr
truc
ucco
coóf
óf `b li cirr
cirrbt
btbr
bri,
i, láfb
láfbi
i blïc
blïctr
troc
ocii y
icgabtoì `b idui.
 Li Cgfcb
Cgfcbsog
sogff `b Hbf
Hbfbbcog
cog,, bstiré
bstiré iprghi`
iprghiì,i, `bf
`bftrtrg
g `b cuitr
cuitrg
g
absbs, li ^lifti sb oaplbabfti bf : absbs y li fifcoicoóf bs `b
$ òbz aollgfbs.

Lgs rbsul
Lgs rbsulti`
ti`gs
gs bcg
bcgfóa
fóaocg
ocg fifcob
fifcobrg
rgss sgf bxtrig
bxtrigrò
ròfiro
firoiab
iabftb
ftb
hubfgs.
 UIF ilrb`b`gr `b $ 2>,>>> >>>, POX ilrb`b`gr `b 9>>, rbtgrfg
ofvbrsoóf 8 iùgs.
BF CGFCLRSOGF BL ^XG_BCPG POBFB ISBDRXI@I RFI

BZCBL
BZCBLBF
BFPB
PB XBF
XBFP
PIHO
IHOLO@
LO@I@
I@ _ SB ^RB
^RB@B
@B ^G
^GPBF
PBFCOI
COIX
X IR
IRF
F AIS
CGF SR BZÎFSOGF I 4>> P^@ _ BZ^LGPICOGF @B AOFBXIL @B
LIS ^XGÔB@I@BS AOFBXIS @B LI BA^XBSI.

prgh icoóf `b llii ^lifti `b Hbfbeoco

Hbfbeocog
g

03 utgrozicoóf `
`b
b Rs
Rsg
g `b dui

0 0 Cgftritg `b Ofvbrso
Ofvbrsoóf
óf bf xplgricoóf ccg
gf bl Bsti
Bsti`g

0 2 Ofeg
Ofegra
rabs
bs `b Lihgritgrog
Lihgritgrog sghrb
sghrb prubhis `b
^rgcbsiaobftg `b Aofbril

Ofstotutg Ohbrgiabrocifg @b Abtilurdoi Bxtrictovi S.I.C

OHBXGABPBZ S.IC
Cgfsultgri Aofbri Abtilurdo
Abtilurdoii Iahobftil
Pblïegfg; (299) 35243>:
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Loai, séhi`g >5 `b kufog `bl 8>92
Srs.
Éduoli Iabrocif Xbsgurcbs Loaotb` S.I.
Cillb Xgci `b Ubrdillg 92:
Aidìlbfi @bl Air
Itt;
Ofd. Xglif`g @évoli
Dbrbftb Dbfbril
Sr. Koay îrgò
Dbrbftb `b Lgdástoci
^XRBHIS @B LOZOUOICOGF ^GX COIFRXICOGF-CO^ I BSCILI

BSCILI
@B LIHGXIPGXOG
XOG CGF AOFBXIL @BL ^XG_BCPG
IRXOEBXG @B IDROLI IABXOCIF
IABXOCIF XBSGRXCBS LOAOPB@ S.I.
Ohbrgabtb
Ohbrgabtbxx SIC Cillb Airci
Aircijuis
juisoo Az. B9 Lt 8, 3r
3rii Btip
Btipi,
i, Rrh. ^grti`
^grtiìi @bl Sgl Li Aglofi
Aglofi,, Loai 98, ^brû
^brû
www.ohbrgabtbx.cga

OHBXGABPBZ S.IC
Pblïegfg; (299) 35243>:
Aóvol; (2945) ?453?>2?>
Loai, séhi`g >5 `b kufog `bl 8>92
Srs.
Cillb Xgci `b Ubrdillg 92:
Aidìlbfi @bl Air
Itt;
Ofd. Xglif`g @évoli
Dbrbftb Dbfbril
Sr. Koay îrgò
Dbrbftb `b Lgdástoci
IUIFCBS
FCBS @B XB
XBSR
SRL
LPI@G
@GS
S @B ^X
^XRB
RBHI
HIS
S @B LO
LOZO
ZOU
UOI
OICO
COGF
GF ^G
^GX
X
COIFRXICOGF –CO^ I BSCILI @B LIHGXIPGXOG CGF AOFBXIL @BL
^XG_BCPG IRXOEBXG @B IDROLI IABXOCIF XBSGRXCBS LOAOPB@
S.I.
@b fubstri cgfso`bricoóf
cgfso`bricoóf
Bf itbfcoóf il rbqubroaobftg sglocoti`g sb bsté rbaotobf`g lgs i`bliftgs `b ivifcbs `b
rbsulti`gs `b
`b lis pprubhis
rubhis aabtilûrdocis
btilûrdocis `b tritiaobf
tritiaobftg
tg `b aofbrilbs `b
`b grg y pliti `b
Iduoli Iabrocif
Iabrocif Xbsgurcbs Loaotb`
Loaotb` S.I. (cgrrbspgfòbftb il pbrog`g `bl 89 `b aiyg
il >5 `b Kufog `bl 8>92).
Bs oapgrtiftb ofòcir qub lgs ivifcbs `b lis prubhis abtilûrdocis rbiloziìs bstéf
`bscrotgs bf bl prbsbftb ofegrab tïcfocg.
Auy Cgròilabftb;
Kulog Prbagliì îyifg.

@orbctgr Dbrbftb
Ofstotutg Ohbrgiabrocifg `b Abtilurdoi Bxtrictovi S.I.C.
Cillb Aircijuiso, Az. B‟9- Lt 8, 3 Bri Btipi, Rrhifozicoóf ^grtiì `bl Sgl
Li Aglofi – Loai 98
Pblïegfgs; 35243>: / ?4 ?22??35 / ?0: 392 983
B Aiol; kulog.trbagliìNohb
kulog.trbagliìNohbrgabtbx.cga
rgabtbx.cga / / ktrbagliìNyijgg.cga
ktrbagliìNyijgg.cga
Ohbrgabtb
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Btipi,
i, Rrh. ^grti`
^brû
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OHBXGABPBZ S.IC
Pblïegfg; (299) 35243>:
Aóvol; (2945) ?453?>2?>
^XRBHIS @B LOZOUOICOGF ^GX COIFRXICOGF-CO^ I BSCILI @B

LIHGXI
LIHGXIPGX
PGXOG
OG CGF AOFBXIL
AOFBXIL @BL ^XG
^XG_BCP
_BCPGG IRX
IRXOEB
OEBXG
XG @B
IDROLI IABXOCIF XBSGRXCBS LOAOPB@ S.I.
IFPBCB@BFPBS
Bl `ái Kubvbs 89 `b aiyg `bl prbsbftb iùg sb òg ofocog il `bsirrgllg `b lgs bstuògs
abtilûrd
abtil ûrdocg
ocgs,
s, sbd
sbdûf
ûf bl prg
prgdri
driai
ai `b pru
prubhi
bhiss abtilû
abtilûrd
rdoci
ociss bli
blihg
hgri`
ri`gg piri
piri Iduol
Iduolii
Iabrocif Xbsgurcbs Loaotb` S.I. piri lg cuil sb rbcbpcogfg >8 sicgs `b aofbril erbscg
bf bl lihgritgrog quáaocg abtilûrdocg `b M.T. quáaoci Dbraifi S.I., uhoci`g bf bl
pirqub ofùstroil `b Cjgrrollgs, `gf`b sb bstéf bkbcutif`g lis cgrrbspgfòbftbs prubhis
abtilûrdocis.
KRSPOEOCICOGF @B LIS ^XRBHIS ABPILRXDOCIS
Lgs rbsulti`gs tïcfocgs `b lis prbsbftbs prubhis abtilûrdocis sbrvoréf `b hisb piri lgs
cgrr
cgrrbs
bspg
pgf`
fòb
obft
ftbs
bs bstu
bstuò
ògs
gs `b li Ofdb
Ofdbfo
fobr
brái
ái `b òòsb
sbùg
ùg `b li eu eutu
turi
ri pl
plif
ifti
ti `b
prgcbsiaobftg `b`b 32> PA@ ``bb loxovoicoóf `b aofbrilbs
aofbrilbs `b grg y pli
pliti.
ti.
9. XBCB^COGF _ ^BSIKB @B ARBSPXIS XBCB^COGFI@IS.

XBCB^COGFI@IS.
Lgs >8 sicgs `bl aofbril erbscg `b Iabroci

Iabrociff Éduoli Xbsgurcbs coifuricogf prbsbftirgf
uf pbsg tgtil jûab`g `b 9>0.>> molgs. @ocjis aubstris sgf li hisb piri li bkbcucoóf `b
lgs bstuògs
bstuògs abtilûrdocgs
abtilûrdocgs `b loxovoicoó
loxovoicoóff pgr Coifuricogf CO^ prgvbfobftbs `b li rbdoóf
`b Ihifciy.
CIXICPBXO[ICOGF @BL AOFBXIL.
Juabì` `bl aofbril iuráebrg erbscg; 9.:> %

@bfsoì` ipirbftb
ipirbftb `bl aofbril;
aofbril; 9.80 dr / al
Drivbì` bspbcoeoci `bl aofbril; 8.4?
pJ fituril `bl aofbril;
aofbril; 4.84
TO Hgf` `bl aofbril;
Xbsulti`gs prubhis TO Hgf`
Hgf`
Eb
Ebb`
b` Aiss
Aiss D^
D^XW
XW92
92>W
>W82
82>
> Hg
Hgf`
f` To St.
St. HTO Eofil
Pbst HTO
d % mT j/at mT j/at mTj/at
MT-80::-9 02:.0 9.>0 99.9 -- 99.9
MT-80::-8 02:.? 9.>0 99.9 -- 99.9
Ohbrgabtb
Aircijuis
3rii Btip
Btipi,
i, Rrh. ^grti`
^brû
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OHBXGABPBZ S.IC
Pblïegfg; (299) 35243>:
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LB_BS @B CIHB[I BZ^BXOABFPIL @BL AOFBXIL @B IDROLI IABXOCIF XBSGRXCBS
LOAOPB@ S.I.
Iu ( Gfz / P.C.) ; >.?884 Gfz / P.C. 1 39.53 dr / PA

Id ( Gfz / P.C.) ; 9.3>53 Gfz / P.C.
P.C. 1 00.4? dr / PA
Cu ( % ) ; >.>5
Eb ( % ) ; 84.?4
S ( %) ; >.20
Is ( % ) ; 8.5
Sh ( ppa ) ; 5>
Jd ( ppa ) ; <9
Ohbrgabtb
Aircijuis
3rii Btip
Btipi,
i, Rrh. ^grti`
^brû
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OHBXGABPBZ S.IC
Pblïegfg; (299) 35243>:
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Ohbrgabtb
Aircijuis
3rii Btip
Btipi,
i, Rrh. ^grti`
^brû
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OHBXGABPBZ S.IC
Pblïegfg; (299) 35243>:
Aóvol; (2945) ?453?>2?>
^XRBHIS ABPILRXDOCIS @B
COIFRXICOGF SGHXB BL AOFBXIL
IRXOEBXG @B IDROLI IABXOCIF
XBSGRXCBS LOAOPB@
Ohbrgabtb
Aircijuis
3rii Btip
Btipi,
i, Rrh. ^grti`
^brû
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OHBXGABPBZ S.IC
Pblïegfg; (299) 35243>:
Aóvol; (2945) ?453?>2?>
^XRBHIS @B COIFRXICOGF BF PIFYRBS IDOPI@GXBS.
9. PBS
PBSPS
PS @B COIFRX
COIFRXICO
ICOGF
GF UO
UOI
I IDOP
IDOPI
ICOG
COGF
F CGF UIXOI
XOICOG
COGF
F @B LI
CGFC
CGFCBF
BFPX
PXIC
ICOG
OGF
F @B COIF
COIFRX
RXG
G _ UIXO
XOIC
ICOG
OGF
F @B PIAI
AIÙG
ÙG @B
ÎXPOCRLI.
Sb rbiloz
rbilozóó `gs tb
tbst
st abt
abtilû
ilûrdo
rdocgs
cgs `b lox
loxovo
ovoico
icoóf
óf vái id
idoti
oticoó
coóff i driful
drifulgab
gabtrái
tráiss
of`bpbfòbftbs `b :>% < 8>> aillis y 9>>% < 382 aillis, i ufi cgfcbftricoóf
cgf
cgfsti
stiftb
ftb`bcoi
ghkbtovg coifur
furgg `b 92>>
cuiftoeocir ppa ( >.9
li òsglucoóf>.92%
2% ) cgf bl abtilûrdoci
y rbcupbricoóf aofbr
aofbril
il cgapgso
cgap
`blgsotg
tg yerbscg
grg erbscg sgluhlb
pliti cgf bl
isgcoi`g i li rgci aofbril.
Cgfòcogfbs Bxpbroabftilbs Pbst h9;
^bsg `b aofbril cgapgsoti`g ; 9>>> driags

Ugluabf
Ug luabf `b idui ; 8.> lotrgs
@olucoóf (L / S) ;8/9
Pobapg `b Idoticoóf ; 98-80-55-?>
98-80-55 -?> jgris
Cgfcbftricoóf CF- ; 92>> ppa
pJ fituril `bl aofbril
aofbril ; 4.84
pJ `b trihikg ; 9>.2>
Drifulgabtrái aofbril ; :>.>> % < 8>> aillis
XBSRLPI@GS
Lby Iu( ?> jrs bf li sglucoóf) ; 90.5 ppa
Lby Id (?> jrs bf li sglucoóf) ; :.5 ppa
Xbcupbricoóf Iu ( Z sglucogfbs) ; ?0.:2% (@itg pgr Cgfeorair cgf lby
`b ropog )-
Xbcupbricoóf Id ( Z sglucogfbs) ; 3?.24% (@itg pgr cgfeorair cgf lby `b
ropog).
Cgfsuag `b rbictovgs

Cil ( md / PA ) ; :.2> Md/ PA
FiCF ( Md / PA ) ; ?.03 Md/PA
Cgfòcogfbs Bxpbroabftilbs Pbst h8;
^bsg `b aofbril cgapgsoti`g ; 9>>> dr

Ugluabf `b Idui ; 8.> lotrgs
@olucoóf ( L / S ) ;8 / 9
Drifulgabtrái Aofbril ; 99>>>%< 382 aillis
Ohbrgabtb
Aircijuis
3rii Btip
Btipi,
i, Rrh. ^grti`
^brû
www.ohbrgabtbx.cga

OHBXGABPBZ S.IC
Pblïegfg; (299) 35243>:
Aóvol; (2945) ?453?>2?>
Pobapg `b idoticoóf ; 98-80-55-?> jgris
XBSRLPI@GS
Lby Iu (?> jrs bf li sglucoóf) ; 99
99.>>
.>> ppa
Lby Id (?> jrs bf li sglucoóf) ; ?.>> ppa
Xbcupbricoóf Iu ( Z sglucogfbs) ; 49.40% (@itg pgr Cgfeorair cgf lby
`b ropog )-
Xbcupbricoóf Id ( Z sglucogfbs) ; 09.2>% (@itg pgr Cgfeorair cgf lby

`b ropog )-

Cil (md / PA); 9>.>: Md/ PA
FiCF (Md / PA); :.2> Md/PA
PBSPS @B COI
PBSPS COIFRX
FRXICO
ICOGF
GF UO
UOI
I ID
IDOP
OPI
ICOG
COGF
F CGF UIXOI
XOICOG
COGF
F @B LI
CGFCBFPXICOGF @B COIFRXG
 PBSP @
@B
B COIFRXI
COIFRXICOGF
COGF UOI IDOP
IDOPICOGF
ICOGF CGF U
UI
IXOICOGF @B LI
CGFCBFPXICOGF @B COIFRXG
Cgfòcogfbs Bxpbroabftilbs (Pbst h3 );
^bsg `b aofbril cgapgsoti`g ; 9>>> driags

Ugluabf
Ug luabf `b idui ; 8.> lotrgs
@olucoóf (L / S) ;8/9
Pobapg `b Idoticoóf ; 98-80-55-?>
98-80-55 -?> jgris
pJ fituril `bl aofbril
aofbril ; 4.84
Drifulgabtrái aofbril ; :>.>> % < 8>> aillis
XBSRLPI@GS
Lby Iu( ?> jrs bf li sglucoóf) ; 98.?> ppa
Lby Id ( ?> jrsIu
Xbcupbricoóf bf( liZsglucoóf)
sglucogfbs) ;; :0.>8%
?.>> ppa(@itg pgr Cgfeorair cgf lby
`b ropog )-
Xbcupbricoóf Id ( Z sglucogfbs) ; 09.35% (@itg pgr Cgfeorair cgf lby

`b ropog )-
Ohbrgabtb
Aircijuis
3rii Btip
Btipi,
i, Rrh. ^grti`
^brû
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OHBXGABPBZ S.IC
Pblïegfg; (299) 35243>:
Aóvol; (2945) ?453?>2?>

Cil ( md / PA ) ; :.2> Md/ PA
FiCF ( Md / PA ) ; 98.?4 Md/PA
HILIFCBS ABPILRXDOCGS @B XBCR^BXICOGF ABPILRXDOCI ( ^GX

CIHB[I BZ^BXOABFPIL _ SGLRCOGFBS XOCIS)
FGPI . BSPI BF IFILOSOS YROAOCG BL XB^GXPB @B LI LB_ @B GXG _ ^LIPI

^LIPI BF LGS
XOÔGS( CR_G HILIFCB SB ^XG^GXCOGFIXI BF BL OFEGXAB PBCFOCG EOFIL CGF LI
LB_ @BL XOÔG).
Ohbrgabtb
Aircijuis
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Btipi,
i, Rrh. ^grti`
^brû
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OHBXGABPBZ S.IC
Pblïegfg; (299) 35243>:
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Ohbrgabtb
Aircijuis
3rii Btip
Btipi,
i, Rrh. ^grti`
^brû
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OHBXGABPBZ S.IC
Pblïegfg; (299) ?453?>2?>

Aóvol; (2945) 35243>:
Ohbrgabtb
Aircijuis
3rii Btip
Btipi,
i, Rrh. ^grti`
^brû
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OHBXGABPBZ S.IC
Pblïegfg; (299) ?453?>2?>

Aóvol; (2945) 35243>:
Ohbrgabtb
Aircijuis
3rii Btip
Btipi,
i, Rrh. ^grti`
^brû
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OHBXGABPBZ S.IC
Pblïegfg; (299) ?453?>2?>

Aóvol; (2945) 35243>:
^BF@OBFPBS @B BFPXBDI BF BL OFEGXAB BCFOCG EOFIL CGFSGLO@I@G
HILIFCBS @B COFBPOCI I@SGXCOGF @B GXG BF CIXHGF ICPOUI@G, CIÎCO@I@ @B CIXDI @BL

CIXHGF ICPOUI@G
CIFPO@I@ @B GZODBFG @OSRBLPG BF LGS PIFYRBS IDOPI@GXBS
CIFPO@I@ @B IOXB BF BL ^X>CBSG CO^ ; FGPI; Bstb viroihlb fg bstihi cgfso`bri`g bf li prgpubsti grodofil
pgr lg qub sb cgfso`briri cgag uf iòcogfil i sglocotu` `b Iduoli Iabrocif Xbsgurcbs sbdûf aiol `b li eolio `b
Cifi`é.
@B PCA BF BL AOFBXIL ( % @B CIXHGF BF BL AOFBXIL ) FGPI ; Bstb ifélosos

@BPBXAOFICOGF YROAOCI @B
`b ifélosos quáaocg fg bstihi cgfso`bri`g bf li prgpubsti grodofil pgr lg qub sb cgfso`briri cgag uf iòcogfil i
sglocotu` `b Éduoli Iabrocif Xbsgurcbs sbdûf aiol `b li eoloil `b Cifi`é.
IFILOSOS ^GX OC^ BF LI CIHB[I BZ^BXOABFPIL
IFILOSOS ^GX OC^ @B LI SGLRCOGF XOCI @B GXG _ ^LIPI
HILIFCBS @B XBCR^BXICOGF ABPILRXDOCI BF LI COIFRXICOGF ^GX HILIFCB BFPXB SGLRCOGF

XOCI _ LB_ @B XOÔG EOFIL.
EGPGS @B LIS @OUBXSIS BPIÎS @B GS BSPR@OGS ABPILRXDOCGS BUILRI@GS.
@BPILLBS @BL PBSP @B TGXM OF@BZ @B HGF@
@BPILLBS @BL PBSP @B AGLOBF@IHOLO@I@
Ohbrgabtb
Aircijuis
3rii Btip
Btipi,
i, Rrh. ^grti`
^brû
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OHBXGABPBZ S.IC
Pblïegfg; (299) ?453?>2?>

Aóvol; (2945) 35243>:
Ohbrgabtb
Aircijuis
3rii Btip
Btipi,
i, Rrh. ^grti`
^brû
www.ohbrgabtbx.cga
C ÔPRLG U
OFEGXABS SGHXB
BL
BL _
@BS XXGLLG
U FCBS @B ^

L ^XG_BCPG
2.9. Ofegrab baoto`g >8 >2 8>98

Ivifcb `b
`bll ^rgybctg
2.8. Ofegrab b
ba
aoto`g
oto`g >2 9> 8>98
Ofocog `b ^bregricoóf
2.3. Ofegrab b
ba
aoto`g
oto`g 89 98 8>98
^rgybctg `b xplgricoóf
2.0. Ofegrab baoto`g 80 >0 8>93

Xbsulti`gs `b ^bregricoóf
2.2. Ofegrab b
ba
aoto`g
oto`g 39 >3 8>95
^rgybctg `b ^lifti l Proufeg
Proufeg
OFEGXAB BAOPO@G >8->2-8>98 IUIFCB @BL ^XG_BCPG
Iduoli `b Iaïroci 33.? driags `b grg pgr abtrg `b trihikgs irtbsifilbs, lgs cgftritgs
aés hésocg `b sbrvocogs `b pbregricoóf lt` aubstris.
>8 `b aiyg 8>98 - Uifcguvbr, Cgluahoi Hrotéfoci - Iduoli `b Grg `b Iaïroci Lt`. ("Iduoli" g li
"Cgapiùái") PSZ-U; IDL - Sr. Kgjf Judubt sb cgaplicb bf ifufcoir qub ji cgaplbti`g uf aubstrbg
`b zifkis, y bl prgdriai `b cirtgdrieái dbgquáaoci cuhrobf`g ufi bxtbfsi zgfi `b iltbricoóf y bl
aubstrbg `b 3 trihikgs `b li aofi irtbsifil uhoci`gs i lg lirdg `b li jubldi `bl cgftictg aofbriloziì
Ebrrghiahi pob`ri cilozi.
I`baés, li Cgapiùái ji cgftriti`g Aés @oiagf` Cgrb @rollofd Sbrvocbs Lt`. ("Aés Cgrb") `b
Stbwirt, Cgluahoi Hrotéfoci, Cifi`é piri rbilozir 4>>> abtrgs `bl fûclbg `b pbregricoóf òiaiftofi
bf su prgybctg il cobf pgr cobf `b Ifdgsturi `b grg, 88 molóabtrgs il gbstb `b Zstriti $ 0,8 aol
aollgfbs `bl prgybctg Lis Hiahis `b cghrb.
Li baprbsi sblbccogfiì Aés Cgrb pgr su iaploi

i aploi bxpbrobfcoi bf li pbregricoóf `b hisb bf uf
u f tbrrbfg
auy bscirpi`g, cgf tiaiùg abòg, bl jgahrb pgrtétol, bquopg, cipiz `b bftrbdir uf tili`rg `b
òéabtrg aiygr prgùctg hésocg cuaplobf`g cgf bl aifìtg `b fbdgcoicoóf `b li cgapiùái pgr uf
oapgrtb aáfoag ihsglutg `b pbrturhicoóf `b li supbreocob. Aés Cgrb bsté i li bspbri `b bfvoir tg`g bl
bquopg fbcbsirog, lg qub bs fubvg y bxprbsiabftb agòeoci`g piri cuaplor cgf lgs crotbrogs `b li
Sgcobì`, `b Uifcguvbr, HC, li próxoai sbaifi. Bl bquopg tiahoïf bs eécolabftb cgfvbrtohlb piri
pbregrir hikg tobrri y qub òspgfb li Cgapiùái i abòì
abòì qub ivifzi jicoi li `beofocoóf `b lgs rbcursgs
rbcursgs
pgtbfcoilbs, sbdûf lgs rbsulti`gs
rbsulti`gs `b bsti ciapiùi `b pbregricoóf ofocoil `b li supbreocob `bl fûclbg.
Iquoli yi sb ji ofegrai`g `b aubstrbg `b lis zgfis 9 y 8 bf li zgfi `b óxo`g `b grg profcopil. Bsti
vbrsoóf ofcluyb lgs rbsulti`gs `b li [gfi 8, bl eufcogfiaobftg Eblocoifg Hbòi, bl eufcogfiaobftg `bl B
jgyg qub sb bfcubftri i ?>> abtrgs il bstb fgrbstb `b li [gfi 8 y `b 3 trihikgs, sotui`gs i 5>> il gbstb
surgbstb `b li [gfi 8 abtrgs bf bl li`g gbstb `bl rág Ifdgsturi bf Ifdgsturi, li cgfcbsoóf `b li
^roabri Cgapiùái.
Bf bl eufcogfiaobftg Eblocoifg Hbòi, bl aubstrbg vglvoó aéxoags `b jisti 33,? driags pgr tgfbliì
`b Iu aés `b 9 abtrg, cgf uf prgabòg pgf`bri`g `b 99.0 driags pgr tgfbliì `b Iu sghrb ?.8
abtrgs `b aubstrbg `b cifil sblbctovg bspicoi`gs i lg lirdg `b virogs oftbrvilgs `b uf trihikg `b 8?
abtrgs `b lgfdotu` qub ipirbcbf i sb ihrb irrohi, ihikg y jicoi bl bstb, cuif`g li aubstri bf òcobahrb
`b 8>99, y bf dbfbril i riáz `b ufi bstructuri `b tbf`bfcoi bstb-gbstb bf li Ebrrghiahi-Egraicoóf
(rbcrostilozi`g pob`ri cilozi). Bl cgldiftb y eggtwills, `gf`b bxpubstg, cgfsostbf bf pob`ri cilozi
rbcrostilozó cgf ciftoì`bs viroihlbs `b suleurgs gxoì`gs. Bl tûfbl eub aubstrbi`g cbrci `b li ciri `b
trihikg `b uf cifil, cofcbli`gs i trivïs `bl tbcjg `bl tûfbl. Li proabri aubstri eub tgaiì bf uf puftg
i 8: abtrgs `b li hgci, y lubdg bf 80,2 abtrgs, 89 abtrgs, 95 abtrgs yi lgs 98 abtrgs `b li hgci. Lgs
rbsulti`gs sb lostif bf li Pihli 9 i cgftofuicoóf.
Lgcitogf Oftbrvil To`tj Siaplb Blbabft Iu Id Cu ^h [f Af Hi
Aofb Tgrmofd Rfot ppa ppa ppa ppa ppa % ppa
AT ge Eblocoifg >.>> - 9.>> a 85>9 99.5> 0,> 0> <2 88? 69 9044
Hbòi (8: a) 9.>> a
AT ge Eblocoifg 9.>> - 9.>> a 85>8 33.?> 0.? 5> <2 8:: 69 :82
Hbòi (8: a) 8.>> a
AT ge Eblocoifg >.>> - 9.>> a 85>3 2.4: 4.4 988 <2 032 69 84>2
Hbòi (80.2 a) 9.>> a
AT ge Eblocoifg 9.>> - >.2> a 85>0 ?.2> 4.8 990 99 2:3 69 558

Hbòi (80.2 a) 9.2> a
AT ge Eblocoifg >.>> - 9.>> a 85>2 3.2? 3.4 35 <2 899 69 ::?

Hbòi (89 a) 9.>> a
AT ge Eblocoifg 9.>> - 9.>> a 85>5 98.2> 3.3 34 <2 982 >.? 50?
Hbòi (89 a) 8.>> a
AT ge Eblocoifg >.>> - 9.>> a 85>4 2.:2 3.> 50 <2 800 69 500

Hbòi (95 a) 9.>> a
AT ge Eblocoifg 9.>> - 9.9> a 85>: 93.9> 3.: 49 <2 85? 69 342
Hbòi (95 a) 8.9> a
AT ge Eblocoifg >.>> - >.:> a 85>? 0.:9 8.9 88 <2 :3 69 292

Hbòi (98 a) >.:> a
AT ge Eblocoifg >.:> - >.:> a 859> 99.>> 3.> 03 <2 945 69 599

Hbòi (98 a) 9.5> a
Tbodjtb` 69
Ivbridb 99.0> 0.8 54 <2 823 ?32
Li sbdufì aofi `b trihikg, lliai`g B * Druti pgr Kiriaollg bf su ofegrab
ofe grab `b 8>>5 (UI Kiriaollg; Li
prgpobì` Ifdgsturi `b Ofegrabs
Ofegrabs Pïcfocgs, 8>>5, 4> pp), ofegraó `b 3 bftriìs
bftriìs y aubstris `b bsti
zgfi. Lis 8 pirtbs iccbsohlbs `b B ôt eubrgf aubstrbi`gs pgr lgs cifilbs `b cofcbli`g y aïtg`gs `b
cgrtb `b lgs cifilbs `b tgai `b aubstris qub ìf lgs bfsiygs `b pliti tif iltg cgag 2:? driags pgr
tgfbliì aés `b 9 abtrg, cgf bl prgabòg pgf`bri`g `b 808 driags pgr tgfbliì aés `b 90,0 abtrgs
`b aubstrbg `b cifil sblbctovg, so hobf sbùiló qub b ôt bs ufgs ?>> abtrgs il bstb y 0>> abtrgs aés `b
ilturi bftgfcbs bl Eblocoifg Hbòi trihikg y bf ufi zgfi sbpiriì `b uf pgtbfcoil auy drif`b, sostbai
aofbrilozi`g. Lgs rbsulti`gs sb lostif bf li Pihli 8 i cgftofuicoóf.
Lgcitogf Oftbrvil To`tj Siaplb Blbabft Iu Id Cu ^h [f Af Hi
Rfot ppa ppa % % % % ppa
Lihgr 9 >.>> - 9.>> a 8039 >.5> 908.? >.3?% >.0:% >.38% >.3:% 354
(lgwbr lbvbl) 9.>> a
Lihgr 9 >.>> - 9.>> a ùplocitb >.43 ?9.0 >.3>% >.83% >.84% >.0:% 22:
Lihgr 9 9.>> - 9.>> a 8033 >.82 59.? >.00% >.28% >.84% >.02% 98:?
Lihgr 9 8.>> - 9.>> a 8032 >.84 932.? 9.84% 0.28% 9.>>% 8.92% 944
Lihgr 9 3.>> - 9.>> a 8035 9.>> 8:4.> 9.08% 5.40% 9.54% 9.0?% 84?
Lihgr 9 0.>> - 9.>> a 8034 >.9? 2>.8 >.45% 9.>:% >.29% >.3?% 9:92
Lihgr
(lgwbr 9lbvbl) 5.>>
2.>>a- 9.>> a 803? >.93 ?8.9 >.0:% 9.08% >.08% >.85% 0488
Lihgr 9 5.>> - 9.>> a 800> >.55 802.> >.25% 2.?:% >.84% >.29% 32?

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Bl prgybctg aofbrg IFDGSPRXI sb bfcub

Bl ^rgybctg Ifdgsturi cgaprbf`b : ?49.24?3 j b c t é r b i s y sb cgapgfb `b 9 4

Hlior Tiy, HSc, AHI - ^rbso`bft, CBG if` @orbctgr

Kiabs AcCrbi - Uocb ^rbso`bft ge Bxplgritogf

Focm @bairb - H.Cgaa, CI – CEG if` @orbctgr

Kgjf Judubt, CDI - @orbctgr

Cjrostgpjbr X. Ubrrocg - @orbctgr

@usif Hbrmi - A.Sc., @opl.Bfd. - @orbctgr

Stgcm Syahgl U.IDL

If`bif Cgr`ollbri, Sgutjbrf ^bru Ifdgsturi

Zstriti Aofofd ^ty

Poftiyi Bxp. ^rgkb

Sifti Xgsi Dgl` Aofb

Gtjbr Lgcil Aikgrs

I ^rgloeoc @ostroct (cgft‟`)

^rgxoaoty ^rgkbcts if` Aofbs

Fbw Cipotil egr Aofofd of ^bru

Xbdogfil Dbglgdy (cgft‟`)

Aofbrilozitogf; Dgl` Hbirofd Gxo`b of Hrbccoitb` Loabstgfb Cirhgfitb Xbplicbabft Hg`obs

Mby Aofbrilozb` [gfbs

Bxplgritogf Egcus; [gfb Gfb & Pwg

Ar. Uoctgr I. Kiriaollg, ^. Dbg., (Fgvbahbr 3>, 8>>5)

• Is pirt ge tjb idrbbabft tjb cgapify

^rg Aofofd Dgv

Fitogfil Dgl` ^rg`uctogf Sjgrteill

• Uilubs ge dgl` prg`ucb` jivb agrb tjif `guhlb` (8>>2-8>9>)

Aofofd - ^bru - bxpgrt, euturb, pgwbr, sbctgr

• 8>98 Dbgpjysocs – agrb lirdbr tirdbts o`bftoeob` egr ofvbstoditogf

• Cgaabfcb` Bxplgritogf @roll ^rgdria litb

• 0 : ma Sureicb Stromb - Gpbf litbrilly if` `gwf `op

• Prbfcj Xbsults; 42a wo`b ge 3.54 d/At Dgl` I

• ^rg`ucofd Irtosifil Aofbrs (Ofegrailbs) gf tjb ^rgpbrty

• Podjt Sjirb Structurb (3?A

• ^rg Aofofd Dgvbrfabft (Fitogfil

Egrwir` Lggmofd Stitbabfts

@oscgvbr Dbglgdocil Cgfsultifts

O, Uoctgr Kiriaollg, ^.Dbgl. `g jbrbhy cbrtoey tjit;

@oscgvbr Dbglgdocil Cgfsultifts

O ia i prgebssogfil dbgscobftost, rbdostbrb` wotj tjb Issgcoitogf ge ^rgebssogfil Bfdofbbrs if`

tjb Pbcjfocil Xbpgrt aoslbi`ofd.

@itb` tjos 3>tj @iy ge Fgvbahbr, 8>>5

Uoctgr Kiriaollg, ^.Dbg.

@oscgvbr Dbglgdocil Cgfsultifts

Hrotosj Cgluahoi Sbcurotobs Cgaaossogf

Uoctgr Kiriaollg, ^.Dbg.

PJB IFDGSPRXI ^XG^BXP_

Driu Aofofd @ostroct,

IDROLI IABXOCIF XBSGRXCBS LP@

UOCPGX I. KIXIAOLLG, A.Sc.(I), ^.Dbg.

Fgvbahbr 3>, 8>>5

9.> OFPXG@RCPOGF ……………………………………………………

8.> XBLOIFCB GF GPJBX BZ^BXPS ………………………………………………….

3.> ^XG^BXP_ @BSCXO^POGF, SPIPRS IF@ LGCIPOGF

0.> ICCBSSOHOLOP_, CLOAIPB, LGCIL XBSGRXCBS, OFEXISPXRCPRXB

2.> JOSPGX_ GE PJB IFDGSPRXI ^XG^BXP_ ……… …………..……..…………. 9>

5.> DBGLGDOCIL SBPPOFD ……………………………………………………

4.> @B^GSOP P_^B …………………………………………

:.> AOFBXILO[IPOGF IP PJB IFDGSPRXI ^XG^BXP_ ………...………………

?.> BZ^LGXIPOGF IP PJB IFDGSPRXI ^XG^BXP_ ……………...……………… 9: