Module 1 – Basic Concepts of Art Performance Art

original classical definition was derived from the time-based art form that typically features a live
Latin word "ars" (meaning "skill" or "craft“ ) presentation to an audience and draws on such
arts as acting, poetry, music, dance, and
- is a useful starting point. This broad
painting.
approach leads to art being defined as: "the
product of a body of knowledge, most Module 2 – Nature and Functions of Art
often using a set of skills."
Nature of Art
Art is something we DO, a verb. Art is an
Art is a creative activity that expresses imaginative
expression of our thoughts, emotions, intuitions,
or technical skill. It produces a product, an object.
and desires, but it is even more personal than that:
The product of art is called a work of art. It
it’s about sharing the way we experience the
includes drawing, painting, sculpting,
world, which for many is an extension of
photography, performance art, dance, music,
personality. It is the communication of intimate
poetry, prose and theatre.
concepts that cannot be faithfully portrayed by
words alone. And because words alone are not Classification of Arts According to Functions
enough, we must find some other vehicle to carry
our intent. – William Joseph Nieters 1. Motivated (Functional)
Ex. Architecture, weaving, furniture making
Art is a highly diverse range of human activities 2. Non-motivated (Non-functional)
engaged in creating visual, auditory, or Ex. Painting, music, sculpture
performed artifacts— artworks—that express the
author’s imaginative or technical skill, and are The common functions of art
intended to be appreciated for their beauty or 1. Personal Function
emotional power. - Arts are vehicles for the artists’ expression
Art is a creative activity that expresses imaginative of their feelings and ideas.
or technical skills. It produces a product, an object.
The product of art is called a work of art. It 2. Social Function
includes drawing, painting, sculpting, (1)It influences social behavior,
photography, dance, music, poetry, prose, (2) It seeks or tends to influence the
theatre, etc. collective behavior of a people.
(3) When it addresses aspects of
TYPES OF ART (collective) life as opposed to one person's
point of view or experience.
Visual Art
arts that meet the eye and evoke an emotion 3. Spiritual Function
through an expression of skill and imagination. - The designs of religious structures tells so
They include the most ancient/oldest many things about the culture of the faithful.
documented forms, such as painting, drawing,
sculpture, printmaking, photography, and
installation art and other visual arts. 4. Educational Function
- Art comes to be regarded as 'time off for
Literary Art
good behavior' or as 'therapy'" and how the
something in the form of writing or stories that have ease and carefreeness of the arts are
artistic and cultural value that displays the beauty of supposed to bring joy and a sense of
speech and language to convey certain meanings. calmness."
 5. Political Function
- The statues of national heroes that grace
7. Middle Ages (500 – 1400)
our parks and plazas are commemorative
works as are the commissioned paintings of This was the era of Celtic and Gothic art, which
leaders or rulers. Often they serve to record saw the rise of intricate gothic cathedrals and
important historical events, or reveal the structures like Notre Dame
ideals of heroism and leadership that the
community would want the young to 8. Early and High Renaissance (1400 –
emulate. 1550)
- MICHAEL ANGELO di
LODOVICO ,BOUNARROTI SIMONI
WAS CONSIDERED THE BEST ARTIST IN
6. Physical Function
HIS LIFETIME, AND EVER SINCE THEN
- Works of art that are created to perform
HE HAS BEEN HELD AS GREATEST
some service such as tools and containers
ARTIST OF ALL TIME.
are objects which make our lives physically
- LEONARDO di ser PIERO da VINCI
comfortable. Works of art that are created to
KNOWN FOR HIS DRAMATIC AND
perform some service have physical
EXPRESSIVE WORK. HIS KEEN EYE AND
functions like vases, benches, chairs, etc.
QUICK MIND LED HIM TO MAKE
Module 3 – Historical Foundations of Art IMPORTANT SCIENTIFIC DISCOVERIES
YET HE NEVER PUBLISHED HIS IDEAS.
1. Stone Age (30,000 BC – 2,500 BC
- DONATO di NICCOLO di BETTO BARDI
Cave paintings; (Mineral pigment) WAS A FLORENTINE SCULPTOR OF THE
Animals/Humans/Symbols. RENAISSANCE PERIOD. HE STUDIED
CLASSICAL
2. Mesopotamian (3,500 BC – 539 BC) SCULPTURE AND USED THIS DEVELOP
STONE SCULPTURE AND NARRATIVE RELIEFS A COMPLETE RENAISSANCE STYLE IN
SCULPTURE
STEELE OF CODE OF HAMMURABI STANDARD 9. Venetian and Northern Renaissance
OF UR ( 1430 – 1550)
3. Egyptian (3,100 – 30 BC) During this era, the Renaissance movement spread
from Italy to France, Germany, Poland and other
AWE-INSPIRING ARCHITECTURE OF THE
northern European countries. Bellini, Jan van Eyck,
ANCIENT
Bosch, and other artists reigned during this time
EGYPTIAN INCLUDING THE GREAT PYRAMIDS
10. Baroque (1600 – 1750)
4. Greek and Hellenistic (850 BC – 31 BC)
Baroque artists like Rembrandt and Caravaggio
IDEALISM AND PERFECTION were well known during this time for the tense,
moody, and extremely dramatic style of their work,
WISDOM AND WELFARE reflected in lighting techniques and subject matter
5. Roman (500 BC – 476 AD) 11. Neo – Classical (1750 – 1850)
THERE’S A VAST HISTORY OF ROMAN It was likely the overlapping Age of Enlightenment,
ARCHITECTURE, WHICH YOU CAN LEARN which saw another turn towards the scientific over
ABOUT IN THIS HISTORY OF ROMAN ART: the religious. That set the tone for this era, as well
INCLUDING THE CONSTRUCTION OF as the concurrent Industrial Revolution
PANTHEON
12. Romanticism (1780 – 1850)
6. Byzantine and Islamic (476 AD – 1453
AD) “THEODORE GERICAULT”

HAGIA SOPHIA AND ALHAMBRA

EMPHASIS ON THE SELF: as well as a rejection They were interested in advertising, consumer
of the kind of order that the Enlightenment had products, television, magazines, and comics.
imposed in favor of a more chaotic approach to life
20. Postmodernism and Deconstructivism
(1970 CE)
Postmodern art, reinterpreting
13. Realism (1848 – 1900)
Realism was the first movement to finally reject all 21. Neo Expressionism (1980s)
the drama, intensely exaggerated emotion, and
By the end of the 1970s a movement emerged that
grandeur of other art styles for a more grounded
threw out the cool ideas of Minimalism and
approach to human nature.
embraced the impassioned emotions of
14. Impressionism (1865 – 1885) Expressionism (a German art movement of the
early 1900s
Impressionism might have been one of the first
purely aesthetic art periods, a style focused on Module 4 – Art Appreciation, Creativity, Imagination,
capturing a visual phenomenon rather than an and Expression
intensely political or religious one.
Art Appreciation
MATERIALS: ACRYLIC AND WATER COLOR
- The knowledge and understanding of the
15. Post – Impressionism (1885 – 1910) universal and timeless qualities that identify
all great art.
An art style that maintained its philosophy – a
- The exploration and analysis of the art
rejection of traditional art rules and its focus on
forms that we are exposed to.
perfection – but also rejected its supposed
- Art appreciation involves a deeper look into
limitations.
the setting and historical implication and
16. Fauvism and Expressionism ( 1900 – background of the piece, a study of its
1935) origins

It flourished during and after the first World War Why Art Appreciation is Important?
with its harsh colors, bold shapes, and often its
- It is a good way to understand the history
disturbing emotional content.
behind the work, and the period from which
Consider a course on oil or acrylic painting to learn the piece originated. Artists often reflect the
the techniques used by the expressionists problems that they face, and the issues of
the society in their work
17. Cubism, Futurism, Supremativism, - By reflecting on a piece of art, we delve into
Constructivism, De Stijl (1905 – 1920) our own experiences and nostalgia, thus a
This era saw shapes, abstract objects, and highly piece of art means something different to
deconstructed renders of landscapes and other every person that comes across it.
things used as a means of expression, rather than Expression
traditional techniques seen before.
- It is the ability to convey meaning.
18. Dada and Surrealism (1917 – 1950) - Artists are painting ideas that many choose
Dada and surrealism rejected so much of traditional to ignore, using their art as their voice to
art that it dived into absurdism. Elements of dreams react to the injustices they see in this world.
and the subconscious were explored with this style, - Within its nature, art has no rules. There are
as well as wartime horrors (it overlapped World no guidelines to express yourself. Art is
War II and the atomic bombings of Japan) meant to be the way the artist wants it to be.
- Art is controversial yet peaceful, simple yet
19. Pop Art (1950 – 1960) bold.
Imagination
 - It is the ability to produce and simulate
novel objects, peoples and ideas in the
mind.
- It is the ability of the mind to build mental The way we draw a line can convey different
scenes, objects or events that do not exist, expressive qualities:
are not present, or have happened in the
past. 1. Freehand lines - can express the personal
- It is also described as the forming of energy and mood of the artist.
experiences in one's mind, which can be re- FREEHAND- the ability to draw something without
creations of past experiences such as vivid depending on instruments or something else to
memories with imagined changes, or they draw
can be completely invented and possibly
fantastic scenes. 2. Mechanical lines – can express rigid and
control
Creativity
Mechanical Drawing- combinations of straight lines
- It is a phenomenon whereby something new and curved lines that show the edges and surfaces
and somehow valuable is formed. The of an object.
created item may be intangible (such as an
idea, a scientific theory, a musical 3. Continuous lines - can lead the eye in
composition, or a joke) or a physical object certain directions. It is one in which a
(such as an invention, a printed literary single, unbroken line is used to develop
work, or a painting). the image.
- Creativity can be matched with imagination: 4. Broken lines - can express the ephemeral
for finding solutions and choosing between or the insubstantial.
options. 5. Thick lines – express strength
- Innovation in its modern meaning is "a new 6. Thin lines – can express delicacy
idea, creative thoughts, and new
Shape
imaginations in form of device or method".
-can be natural or man-made, regular or irregular,
Module 5 – Visual Elements of Arts and Designs
flat (2- dimensional) or solid (3- dimensional),
1. Line representational or abstract, geometric or organic,
2. Shape transparent or opaque, positive or negative,
3. Tone decorative or symbolic, colored, patterned or
4. Color textured.
5. Pattern
Perspective drawing- angles and curves of
6. Texture
shapes appear to change depending on our
7. Form
viewpoint.
Line
The Behavior of Shapes are as follows:
- is the foundation of all drawing. It is the first
(1) Shapes can be used to control your feelings in
and most versatile of the visual elements of
the composition of an artwork.
art. It can be used to suggest shape,
pattern, form, structure, growth, depth, (2) Squares and Rectangles can portray strength
distance, rhythm, movement and a range of and stability.
emotions.
(3) Circles and Ellipses can represent continuous
Psychological response to different types of lines movement.
1. Curved Lines – suggest comfort and ease (4) Triangles can lead the eye in an upward
2. Horizontal lines – suggest distance and movement.
calm
3. Vertical Lines – height and strength (5) Inverted Triangles can create a sense of
4. Jagged lines – turmoil and anxiety imbalance and tension.
Color We experience texture in two ways:
visual element that has the strongest effect on our
emotions.

Optical Texture:
Tone
An artist may use his/her skillful painting technique
lightness or darkness of a color. to create the illusion of texture.
The tonal values of an artwork can be adjusted to Physical Texture (Actual/Tactile texture):
alter
can be felt by touching the surface of the object or
its expressive character. It can be used to create material.
(1)a contrast of light and dark, Ephemeral Texture:
(2) the illusion of form, This is a third category of textures whose fleeting
forms are subject to change like clouds, smoke,
(3) a dramatic or tranquil atmosphere,
flames, bubbles and liquids
(4) a sense of depth and distance and
Form
(5) a rhythm or pattern within a composition.
physical volume of a shape and the space that it
occupies. It can be representational or abstract.

Pattern Types of form

repeating or echoing the elements of an artwork to Three- dimensional form –

communicate a sense of balance, harmony,
Two- dimensional form –
contrast, rhythm or movement.
Module 6 – Principles of Art
Two basic types of pattern
The Principles of Art
Natural Pattern:
The principles of art (or the principles of design) are
Pattern in art is often based on the inspiration we
essentially a set of criteria which are used to
get from observing the natural patterns that occur in
explain how the visual elements are arranged in a
nature.
work of art. These principles are possibly the
Example, shape of a leaf and the branches of a closest thing we have to a set of objective criteria
tree, structure of a crystal, the spiral of a shell, the for analyzing and judging art.
symmetry of a snowflake and the camouflage and
Balance
signaling patterns on animals, fish and insects.
-Visual weight of the elements of the composition. It
Man-Made Pattern:
is a sense that the painting feels stable and "feels
Pattern in art is used for both structural and right." Imbalance causes a feeling of discomfort in
decorative purposes. For example, an artist may the viewer.
plan the basic structure of an artwork by creating a
Balance can be achieved in 3 different ways:
compositional pattern of lines and shapes. Within
that composition he/she may develop its visual A. Symmetry -both sides of a composition
elements to create a more decorative pattern of have the same elements in the same
color, tone and texture across the work. position, as in a mirror-image, or the two
sides of a face.
Texture
B. Asymmetry - the composition is balanced
surface quality of an artwork - the roughness or due to the contrast of any of the elements of
smoothness of the material from which it is made. art.
 C. Radial symmetry -elements are equally
spaced around a central point, as in the
spokes coming out of the hub of a bicycle
tire

Contrast
. -The difference between elements of art in a
composition, such that each element is made
stronger in relation to the other. When placed next
to each other, contrasting elements command the
viewer's attention.
Emphasis
-when the artist creates an area of the composition
that is visually dominant and commands the
viewer's attention. This is often achieved by
contrast.
Movement
-the result of using the elements of art such that
they move the viewer's eye around and within the
image.
Pattern
-the uniform repetition of any of the elements of art
or any combination thereof
Zentangles- which an abstract or representational
outline is divided into different areas, each of which
contains a unique pattern.
Rhythm
-is created by movement implied through the
repetition of elements of art in a non-uniform but
organized way. It is related to rhythm in music.
Unlike pattern, which demands consistency, rhythm
relies on variety.
Unity/ Variety
Too much unity creates monotony, too much
variety creates chaos. You need both.
Harmony
-it refers to how well all the visual elements work
together in a work of art.