S600-E Education Network Series Switches

Configuration Guide - IP Service Contents

Contents

About This Document................................................................................................................ ii

1 IP Address Configuration....................................................................................................... 1
1.1 Overview of IPv4..................................................................................................................................................................... 1
1.2 Understanding IPv4................................................................................................................................................................ 2
1.2.1 IPv4 Protocol Suite.............................................................................................................................................................. 2
1.2.2 IPv4 Address...........................................................................................................................................................................2
1.2.3 IPv4 Packet Format............................................................................................................................................................. 5
1.2.4 Subnetting.............................................................................................................................................................................. 7
1.2.5 IP Address Resolution....................................................................................................................................................... 11
1.3 Configuring IP Addresses for Interfaces........................................................................................................................ 11
1.3.1 Configuring a Primary IP Address for an Interface................................................................................................ 11
1.3.2 (Optional) Configuring a Secondary IP Address for an Interface.....................................................................12
1.3.3 Verifying the IP Addresses for Interfaces Configuration...................................................................................... 12
1.4 Configuration Examples for IP Addresses..................................................................................................................... 13
1.4.1 Example for Configuring Primary and Secondary IP Addresses for an Interface........................................ 13
1.5 Troubleshooting IP Addresses........................................................................................................................................... 15
1.5.1 IP Address Configuration Fails on an Interface....................................................................................................... 15

2 ARP Configuration.................................................................................................................17
2.1 Overview of ARP................................................................................................................................................................... 17
2.2 Understanding ARP.............................................................................................................................................................. 18
2.2.1 Dynamic ARP...................................................................................................................................................................... 18
2.2.2 Static ARP............................................................................................................................................................................. 21
2.2.3 Gratuitous ARP................................................................................................................................................................... 22
2.2.4 Proxy ARP............................................................................................................................................................................. 23
2.2.5 Interworking with an NLB Cluster............................................................................................................................... 25
2.2.6 Dynamic Learning of ARP Entries with Multicast MAC Addresses...................................................................29
2.2.7 Egress ARP Inspection...................................................................................................................................................... 30
2.2.8 IP Address Conflict Detection........................................................................................................................................ 32
2.3 Summary of ARP Configuration Tasks...........................................................................................................................33
2.4 Licensing Requirements and Limitations for ARP...................................................................................................... 38
2.5 Default Settings for ARP.....................................................................................................................................................38
2.6 Configuring ARP.................................................................................................................................................................... 39

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2.6.1 Adjusting Aging Parameters of Dynamic ARP Entries.......................................................................................... 39

2.6.2 Configuring Static ARP.................................................................................................................................................... 43
2.6.3 Configuring Proxy ARP..................................................................................................................................................... 44
2.6.3.1 Configuring Routed Proxy ARP.................................................................................................................................. 44
2.6.3.2 Configuring Intra-VLAN Proxy ARP.......................................................................................................................... 46
2.6.4 Connecting a Device to an NLB Cluster (Using Physical Link Loopback)......................................................47
2.6.5 Configuring Dynamic Learning of ARP Entries with Multicast MAC Addresses.......................................... 48
2.6.6 Configuring Egress ARP Inspection..............................................................................................................................50
2.6.7 Configuring ARP Unicast Probe.................................................................................................................................... 52
2.6.8 Configuring IP Address Conflict Detection............................................................................................................... 53
2.6.9 Disabling ARP Learning for Packets with Double VLAN Tags............................................................................53
2.7 Maintaining ARP................................................................................................................................................................... 55
2.7.1 Checking ARP Entries....................................................................................................................................................... 55
2.7.2 Clearing ARP Entries......................................................................................................................................................... 56
2.7.3 Monitoring the ARP Running Status........................................................................................................................... 57
2.8 Configuration Examples for ARP..................................................................................................................................... 57
2.8.1 Example for Configuring Static ARP........................................................................................................................... 57
2.8.2 Example for Configuring Routed Proxy ARP............................................................................................................ 61
2.8.3 Example for Connecting a Single Device to an NLB Cluster (Using Physical Link Loopback)............... 63
2.8.4 Example for Connecting a Stack to an NLB Cluster (Using Physical Link Loopback)............................... 66
2.8.5 Example for Configuring Egress ARP Inspection.....................................................................................................69
2.9 FAQ About ARP...................................................................................................................................................................... 73
2.9.1 What Does Incomplete Mean in an ARP Entry?..................................................................................................... 73
2.9.2 Which Configurations May Affect ARP Entry Update on a Device?................................................................ 73
2.9.3 Can Static ARP Implement Binding of IP Addresses and MAC Addresses?................................................... 74

3 DHCP Configuration............................................................................................................. 77
3.1 Overview of DHCP................................................................................................................................................................ 77
3.2 Key Concepts of DHCP........................................................................................................................................................ 78
3.2.1 Network Elements in DHCP........................................................................................................................................... 78
3.2.2 DHCP Leases and Address Pools.................................................................................................................................. 79
3.2.3 DHCP Messages................................................................................................................................................................. 81
3.3 How DHCP Works................................................................................................................................................................. 88
3.3.1 How a DHCP Server Allocates Network Parameters to New DHCP Clients................................................. 88
3.3.2 How a DHCP Client Reuses an IP Address................................................................................................................ 93
3.3.3 How a DHCP Client Renews Its IP Address Lease.................................................................................................. 94
3.4 Configuring DHCP.................................................................................................................................................................95
3.4.1 Planning Data..................................................................................................................................................................... 95
3.4.2 Default Settings for DHCP..............................................................................................................................................96
3.4.3 Configuring a DHCP Server............................................................................................................................................ 97
3.4.3.1 Enabling DHCP................................................................................................................................................................ 97
3.4.3.2 Enabling the DHCP Server Function........................................................................................................................ 97
3.4.3.3 (Optional) Configuring DHCP Data Restoration................................................................................................. 99

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3.4.3.4 (Optional) Configuring IP Address Conflict Detection................................................................................... 100

3.4.3.5 (Optional) Configuring a DHCP Server to Dynamically Allocate IP Addresses to BOOTP Clients..100
3.4.3.6 Configuring an Address Pool................................................................................................................................... 101
3.4.3.6.1 Creating an Address Pool...................................................................................................................................... 101
3.4.3.6.2 (Optional) Configuring the Range of IP Addresses in an Address Pool................................................ 102
3.4.3.6.3 (Optional) Excluding IP Addresses from an Address Pool......................................................................... 103
3.4.3.6.4 (Optional) Configuring Fixed IP Addresses in an Address Pool............................................................... 104
3.4.3.6.5 (Optional) Configuring an Address Lease Time............................................................................................ 108
3.4.3.6.6 (Optional) Configuring Automatic Reclaim of Conflicting IP Addresses in an Address Pool........ 109
3.4.3.6.7 (Optional) Configuring the Alarm Function for IP Address Exhaustion................................................110
3.4.3.6.8 (Optional) Configuring the Logging Function for IP Address Allocation............................................. 110
3.4.3.6.9 (Optional) Configuring a Gateway Address for Clients.............................................................................. 111
3.4.3.6.10 (Optional) Configuring a Configuration File for a DHCP Client........................................................... 113
3.4.3.6.11 (Optional) Configuring User-defined Options.............................................................................................114
3.4.3.6.12 (Optional) Configuring DNS Configurations Allocated by a DHCP Server........................................120
3.4.3.6.13 (Optional) Configuring NetBIOS Configurations Allocated by a DHCP Server................................122
3.4.3.6.14 (Optional) Configuring a SIP Server Address to Be Allocated by the DHCP Server.......................124
3.4.3.7 Verifying the DHCP Server Configuration........................................................................................................... 125
3.5 Configuring a DHCP Relay Agent................................................................................................................................. 125
3.5.1 Enabling DHCP................................................................................................................................................................. 125
3.5.2 Enabling the DHCP Relay Function.......................................................................................................................... 126
3.5.3 Specifying the DHCP Server IP Address...................................................................................................................127
3.5.4 (Optional) Configuring Strategies for Processing Option 82 Information on a DHCP Relay Agent..130
3.5.5 Verifying the DHCP Relay Agent Configuration................................................................................................... 133
3.6 Configuring a DHCP Client.............................................................................................................................................. 133
3.6.1 Enabling the DHCP Client Function.......................................................................................................................... 133
3.6.2 (Optional) Configuring Attributes.............................................................................................................................133
3.6.3 (Optional) Configuring an Expected Lease............................................................................................................ 134
3.6.4 (Optional) Configuring Gateway Detection.......................................................................................................... 135
3.6.5 (Optional) Configuring a DHCP Client to Dynamically Obtain Routing Information.............................135
3.6.6 (Optional) Configuring Option Information Requested by a DHCP Client.................................................136
3.6.7 Verifying the DHCP Client Configuration............................................................................................................... 137
3.7 Configuring a Device as a BOOTP Client................................................................................................................... 137
3.7.1 Enabling the BOOTP Client Function....................................................................................................................... 137
3.7.2 (Optional) Configuring Attributes.............................................................................................................................137
3.7.3 (Optional) Configuring Gateway Detection.......................................................................................................... 138
3.7.4 (Optional) Configuring a BOOTP Client to Dynamically Obtain Routing Information.......................... 138
3.7.5 Verifying the DHCP Client Configuration............................................................................................................... 139
3.8 Maintaining DHCP............................................................................................................................................................. 139
3.8.1 Viewing Statistics About DHCP Messages.............................................................................................................. 139
3.8.2 Clearing Statistics About DHCP Messages............................................................................................................. 140
3.8.3 Resetting a DHCP Address Pool................................................................................................................................. 140

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3.8.4 Locking a DHCP Address Pool.................................................................................................................................... 141

3.8.5 Forcing a DHCP Client to Release and Renew Its IP Address.......................................................................... 142
3.9 Configuration Examples for DHCP............................................................................................................................... 142
3.9.1 Example for Configuring a DHCP Server (Based on an Interface Address Pool)......................................142
3.9.2 Example for Configuring a DHCP Server to Allocate Different Network Parameters from a Global
Address Pool to Dynamic and Static Clients.................................................................................................................... 146
3.9.3 Example for Configuring a DHCP Server to Allocate IP Addresses to IP Phones......................................150
3.9.4 Example for Configuring a DHCP Relay Agent (DHCP Relay Agent and DHCP Server on the Same
Network)...................................................................................................................................................................................... 153
3.9.5 Example for Configuring a DHCP Client................................................................................................................. 156
3.9.6 Example for Configuring a BOOTP Client...............................................................................................................159
3.10 Troubleshooting DHCP................................................................................................................................................... 162
3.10.1 IP Address Conflicts......................................................................................................................................................162
3.10.2 A Client Fails to Obtain an IP Address.................................................................................................................. 163
3.10.3 IP Address Assignment is Slow................................................................................................................................ 165
3.11 FAQ About DHCP............................................................................................................................................................. 166
3.11.1 How Can I Ensure that Users Accessed Through a Fit AP Select a Correct DHCP Server? How Can I
View DHCP Packet Exchange Logs?.................................................................................................................................... 166
3.11.2 When Both the DHCP Server and Relay Functions Are Enabled on an Interface, Which Function Is
Processed Preferentially?......................................................................................................................................................... 167

4 DNS Configuration..............................................................................................................168
4.1 Overview of DNS................................................................................................................................................................ 168
4.2 Understanding DNS........................................................................................................................................................... 169
4.3 Application Scenarios for DNS....................................................................................................................................... 171
4.4 Licensing Requirements and Limitations for DNS...................................................................................................172
4.5 Configuring the DNS Client............................................................................................................................................ 172
4.5.1 Configuring the Static Domain Name Resolution............................................................................................... 172
4.5.2 Configuring the Dynamic Domain Name Resolution.........................................................................................173
4.5.3 Verifying the DNS Client Configuration.................................................................................................................. 174
4.6 Maintaining DNS Client................................................................................................................................................... 174
4.6.1 Deleting Dynamic DNS Entries.................................................................................................................................. 174
4.6.2 Monitoring the Running Status of DNS.................................................................................................................. 175
4.7 Example for Configuring the DNS Client................................................................................................................... 175
4.8 Troubleshooting DNS........................................................................................................................................................ 179
4.8.1 Dynamic Domain Name Resolution Cannot Be Implemented on a DNS Client.......................................179

5 IP Performance Optimization Configuration................................................................181

5.1 Overview of IP Performance Optimization................................................................................................................181
5.2 Licensing Requirements and Limitations for IP Performance Optimization.................................................. 182
5.3 Default Settings for IP Performance Optimization................................................................................................. 182
5.4 Optimizing IP Performance............................................................................................................................................. 183
5.4.1 Configuring Source IP Addresses Verification....................................................................................................... 184
5.4.2 Configuring the Switch to Fragment Outgoing IP Packets...............................................................................184
5.4.3 Configuring a Load Balancing Mode for IP Packet Forwarding......................................................................185

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5.4.4 Configuring the Switch to Discard IP Packets with Options............................................................................ 185

5.4.5 Configuring an Interface to Forward Directed Broadcast Packets................................................................. 186
5.4.6 Disabling the IP Packet Checking Function............................................................................................................188
5.4.7 Configuring ICMP Properties....................................................................................................................................... 188
5.4.8 Configuring TCP Properties.......................................................................................................................................... 191
5.4.9 Verifying the IP Performance Optimization Configuration.............................................................................. 192
5.5 Maintaining IP Performance........................................................................................................................................... 192
5.5.1 Clearing IP Performance Statistics............................................................................................................................ 192
5.5.2 Monitoring the IP Performance Running Status.................................................................................................. 193
5.6 Example for Optimizing System Performance by Discarding Certain ICMP Packets.................................. 194

6 Basic IPv6 Configuration................................................................................................... 196

6.1 Overview of IPv6.................................................................................................................................................................196
6.2 Understanding IPv6........................................................................................................................................................... 199
6.2.1 IPv6 Addresses..................................................................................................................................................................199
6.2.2 IPv6 Packet Format.........................................................................................................................................................205
6.2.3 ICMPv6................................................................................................................................................................................ 210
6.2.4 Neighbor Discovery........................................................................................................................................................ 212
6.2.5 Path MTU........................................................................................................................................................................... 218
6.3 Licensing Requirements and Limitations for IPv6................................................................................................... 220
6.4 Default Settings for IPv6.................................................................................................................................................. 221
6.5 Configuring IPv6 Addresses for Interfaces................................................................................................................. 221
6.5.1 Configuring Global Unicast Addresses for Interfaces......................................................................................... 221
6.5.2 Configuring Link-local Addresses for Interfaces................................................................................................... 223
6.5.3 Configuring Anycast Addresses for Interfaces.......................................................................................................224
6.6 Configuring ICMPv6 Error Packet Control..................................................................................................................225
6.7 Configuring IPv6 Neighbor Discovery......................................................................................................................... 226
6.7.1 Configuring Static Neighbors...................................................................................................................................... 227
6.7.2 Configuring Neighbor Discovery................................................................................................................................ 227
6.7.3 Verifying the IPv6 Neighbor Discovery Configuration....................................................................................... 230
6.8 Configuring the Optimized ND Reply Function....................................................................................................... 230
6.9 Configuring the Trap Function for Hash Conflicts of ND Entries...................................................................... 231
6.10 Configuring PMTU........................................................................................................................................................... 232
6.10.1 Configuring Static PMTU........................................................................................................................................... 232
6.10.2 Setting the Aging Time of Dynamic PMTU......................................................................................................... 233
6.10.3 Verifying the PMTU Configuration......................................................................................................................... 234
6.11 Configuring TCP6............................................................................................................................................................. 235
6.11.1 Setting TCP6 Timers.....................................................................................................................................................235
6.11.2 Setting the TCP6 Sliding Window Size.................................................................................................................. 235
6.11.3 Setting the MSS Value for a TCP6 Connection...................................................................................................236
6.11.4 Verifying the TCP6 Configuration........................................................................................................................... 236
6.12 Maintaining IPv6.............................................................................................................................................................. 237
6.12.1 Clearing IPv6 Statistics................................................................................................................................................237

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6.12.2 Monitoring IPv6 Running Status............................................................................................................................. 237

6.13 Example for Configuring IPv6 Addresses for Interfaces......................................................................................238

7 DHCPv6 Configuration....................................................................................................... 242

7.1 Overview of DHCPv6......................................................................................................................................................... 242
7.2 Understanding DHCPv6................................................................................................................................................... 243
7.2.1 DHCPv6 Basics................................................................................................................................................................. 243
7.2.2 DHCPv6 Packets.............................................................................................................................................................. 246
7.2.3 DHCPv6 Implementation..............................................................................................................................................248
7.2.4 DHCPv6 PD Implementation.......................................................................................................................................251
7.2.5 DHCPv6 Relay Agent Implementation.................................................................................................................... 252
7.2.6 IPv6 Address/Prefix Allocation and Lease Updating........................................................................................... 253
7.3 Application Scenarios for DHCPv6................................................................................................................................256
7.3.1 Typical Networking of the DHCPv6 Server............................................................................................................ 256
7.3.2 Typical Networking of the DHCPv6 PD Server..................................................................................................... 257
7.3.3 Typical Networking of the DHCPv6 Relay Agent................................................................................................. 257
7.3.4 Typical Networking of the DHCPv6 Client............................................................................................................. 258
7.3.5 Typical Networking of the DHCPv6 PD Client...................................................................................................... 258
7.4 Licensing Requirements and Limitations for DHCPv6........................................................................................... 259
7.5 Default Settings for DHCPv6.......................................................................................................................................... 259
7.6 Configuring a DHCPv6 Server........................................................................................................................................ 260
7.6.1 Configuring the DHCPv6 DUID.................................................................................................................................. 260
7.6.2 Configuring an IPv6 Address Pool............................................................................................................................. 260
7.6.3 (Optional) Configuring Network Server Addresses for the IPv6 Address Pool..........................................262
7.6.4 (Optional) Configuring the Options of an IPv6 Address Pool.........................................................................263
7.6.5 (Optional) Configuring the DHCPv6 Data Saving Function............................................................................ 264
7.6.6 Enabling the DHCPv6 Server Function.................................................................................................................... 265
7.6.7 (Optional) Configuring the DHCPv6 Message Rate Limit and Alarm Function of DHCPv6 Messages
Discarded...................................................................................................................................................................................... 267
7.6.8 Verifying the DHCPv6 Server Configuration.......................................................................................................... 268
7.7 Configuring a DHCPv6 PD Server................................................................................................................................. 269
7.7.1 Configuring the DHCPv6 DUID.................................................................................................................................. 269
7.7.2 Configuring an IPv6 PD Address Pool...................................................................................................................... 269
7.7.3 (Optional) Configuring Network Server Addresses for the IPv6 Address Pool..........................................270
7.7.4 (Optional) Configuring the Options of an IPv6 Address Pool.........................................................................271
7.7.5 (Optional) Configuring the DHCPv6 Data Saving Function............................................................................ 272
7.7.6 Enabling the DHCPv6 PD Server Function............................................................................................................. 273
7.7.7 (Optional) Configuring the DHCPv6 Message Rate Limit and Alarm Function of DHCPv6 Messages
Discarded...................................................................................................................................................................................... 275
7.7.8 Verifying the DHCPv6 PD Server Configuration................................................................................................... 276
7.8 Configuring a DHCPv6 Relay Agent.............................................................................................................................276
7.8.1 Configuring the DHCPv6 DUID.................................................................................................................................. 276
7.8.2 Configuring the DHCPv6 Relay Function................................................................................................................ 277
7.8.3 (Optional) Inserting the Interface-ID or Remote-ID Option Information into DHCPv6 Messages....281

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7.8.4 (Optional) Configuring the DHCPv6 Message Rate Limit and Alarm Function of DHCPv6 Messages
Discarded...................................................................................................................................................................................... 282
7.8.5 Verifying the DHCPv6 Relay Agent Configuration.............................................................................................. 283
7.9 Configuring a DHCPv6 Client......................................................................................................................................... 284
7.9.1 Enabling the DHCPv6 Client Function..................................................................................................................... 284
7.9.2 (Optional) Configuring the DHCPv6 Message Rate Limit and Alarm Function of DHCPv6 Messages
Discarded...................................................................................................................................................................................... 286
7.10 Configuring a DHCPv6 PD Client................................................................................................................................287
7.10.1 Enabling the DHCPv6 PD Client Function............................................................................................................ 287
7.10.2 (Optional) Configuring the DHCPv6 Message Rate Limit and Alarm Function of DHCPv6 Messages
Discarded...................................................................................................................................................................................... 289
7.11 Maintaining DHCPv6...................................................................................................................................................... 290
7.11.1 Monitoring DHCPv6 Operation................................................................................................................................290
7.11.2 Clearing DHCPv6 Packet Statistics......................................................................................................................... 290
7.11.3 Resetting the Status of the IPv6 Address Pool................................................................................................... 291
7.11.4 Deleting Routing Information Learned from DHCPv6 PD Terminals on a DHCPv6 Relay Agent.... 291
7.12 Configuration Examples for DHCPv6........................................................................................................................ 291
7.12.1 Example for Configuring the DHCPv6 Server and Client (DHCPv6 Stateful Mode)............................. 292
7.12.2 Example for Configuring the DHCPv6 Server and Client (DHCPv6 Stateless Mode)........................... 296
7.12.3 Example for Configuring the DHCPv6 PD Server and Client.........................................................................299
7.12.4 Example for Configuring a DHCPv6 Relay Agent.............................................................................................. 305

8 IPv6 DNS configuration..................................................................................................... 311

8.1 Overview of IPv6 DNS...................................................................................................................................................... 311
8.2 Licensing Requirements and Limitations for IPv6 DNS......................................................................................... 313
8.3 Configuring an IPv6 DNS Client.................................................................................................................................... 313
8.3.1 Configuring the IPv6 Static Domain Name Resolution..................................................................................... 313
8.3.2 Configuring the IPv6 Dynamic Domain Name Resolution............................................................................... 314
8.3.3 Verifying the IPv6 DNS Client Configuration........................................................................................................ 315
8.4 Maintaining an IPv6 DNS Client................................................................................................................................... 315
8.4.1 Clearing IPv6 DNS dynamic Entries.......................................................................................................................... 315
8.4.2 Monitoring the Running Status of IPv6 DNS........................................................................................................ 316
8.5 Example for Configuring an IPv6 DNS Client........................................................................................................... 316

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