Basic College Mathematics 12th Edition Bittinger Solutions Manual Download

Solution Manual for Basic College Mathematics 12th Edition
by Bittinger Beecher Johnson ISBN 0321931912

9780321931917
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Chapter 6
Percent Notation
50. 2.4%
Exercise Set 6.1 52. 89.11%
RC2. 86 of the 100 squares are shaded. This is 86%. 54. 0.073%
RC4. 50 of the 100 squares are shaded. This is 50%. 56. 27%
58.7 58. 5.7%; 17.6%
2. Using ratio:
100 60. 74.2%; 3.4%
1
Using fractional notation: 58 .7 ×
100 62. 0.44; 0.04; 0.1; 0.42
Using decimal notation: 58.7 × 0.01
64. Find as many two-factor factorizations as possible.
130
4. Using ratio: 1 · 620 5 · 124
100
1 2 · 310 10 · 62
Using fractional notation: 130 ×
100 4 · 155 20 · 31
Using decimal notation: 130 × 0.01 The factors of 620 are 1, 2, 4, 5, 10, 20, 31, 62, 124, 155,
310, and 620.
6. 0.17
66. 90 = 2 · 3 · 3 · 5
8. 0.763
68. (12 − 3)2 − 9 + 52 = 92 − 9 + 52
10. 0.3002
= 81 − 9 + 25
12. 0.8 = 72 + 25
14. 1 = 97
16. 3 3 3 25 75
70. = · = = 75%
18. 0.004 4 4 25 100
2 2 20 40
72. = · = = 40%
20. 0.0012 5 5 20 100
22. 0.055 5
74. of the figure is shaded.
10
Copyright c 2015
÷ Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Addison-Wesley.
24. 0.8799 5 5 10 50 = 50%
= · =
26. 0.93125 10 10 10 100
28. 0.6175
Exercise Set 6.2
30. 0.01; 0.15
3
32. 0.129 RC2. = 0.375; answer (e) is correct.
8
34. 0.58 7
RC4. = 0.875; answer (a) is correct.
36. 87% 8
2
38. 1% RC6. = 0.4; answer (d) is correct.
5
40. 400% 4
RC8. = 0.8; answer (i) is correct.

42. 88.9% 5
44. 99% 36
2. = 36%
100
46. 50% 1
4. = 1%
48. 0.8% 100
Copyright c 2015
116 Chapter 6: Percent Notation
7 70 3 806 806 1 806 403

6. = = 70% 54. 73 %= %= × = =
10
100 11 11 11 100 1100 550
9 90 = 90% 110 11
8. = 56. 110% = =
10 100 100 10
3 75 0.419 419
10. = = 75% 58. 0.419% = =
4 100 100 100, 000
1 1 1 250 250 1 250 5

12. = 0.125 = 12. 60. 83.3% = 83 % = %= × = =
5%, or 12 %
8 2 3 3 3 100 300 6
2 40 18 9
14. = = 40% 62. 18% = =
5 100 100 50
1 1 41
16. = 0.333 = 33.3%, 64. 41% =
or 33 %
3 3 100
5 1 10 1
18. = 0.833 = 83.3%, 66. 10% = =
or 83 %
6 3 100 10
11 3 35 7
20. = 0.6875 = 68. 68. 35% = =
75%, or 68 %
16 4 100 20
7 3 14.9 149
22. = 0.4375 = 43. 70. 14.9% = =
75%, or 43 %
16 4 100 1000
17 68 3 3 20 60
24. = = 68% 72. = × = = 60%
25 100
5 5 20 100
31 62
26. = = 62% 0.60. 60% = 0.6
50 100 ↑
3 3
28. 15 = 15% = 0 6 = 60%
=
20 100 .
5
9 18
30. Silver: = = 18% 1
50 100 0.62.5 0.625 = 62.5%,or 62 %
3 15 2
↑
Gray, Black, Red: = = 15%

20 100 62.5 62.5 10 625 5 125 5
9 18 62.5% = = × = = × =
32. = = 18% 100 100 10 1000 8 125 8
5 1
50 100 = 0 625 = 62 5% or 62 %
1 4 . . ,
34. = = 4% 8 2
25 100
13 2
36. = 13% =2÷3
100 3
55 11 0. 6 6
38. 55% = =
100 20 3 2. 0 0
Copyright c 2015
18
12.5 125 1
40. 12.5% = = = 20
1 100 1000 8
18
42. 250 250 1 250 5 2
83 % = %= × = =
3 3 3 100 300 6 We get a repeating decimal: 0.6
2 200 200 1 200 2
44. 66.6% = 66 % = %= × = = 2
3 3 3 100 300 3
0.66.6 0.6 = 66.6%, or 66 %
4.85 485 3
46. 4.85% = = 97 ↑
=
2 2
100 10, 000 2000 = 0.6 = 66 6% or 66 %
0.2 2 1 3
. ,
3
48. 0.2% = = =
100 1000 500
50. 7 391 % = 391 1 391 75 3 25 3
%= 8 ×
48 8 8 =
5 100 800 75% = = · =
% = 149 149 1 149 100 4 25 4
= 3
52. 16 9 9 %= 9 × 100 900 = 0.75 = 75%
4
Copyright c 2015
Exercise Set 6.2 117
4 4 20 80 60 3
= · = = 80% 60% = =
5 5 20 100
100 5
3
0.80. 80% = 0.8 = 0 6 = 60%
↑ .
4 5
= 0.8 = 80% 2
5 0.6 =0.66.6 0.6 = 66.6%, or 66 %
3
↑
0.83.3 83.3% = 0.833, or 0.83 2 200 200 1 200 2

66 % = %= × = =
↑ 3 3 3 100 300 3
5 1
= 0.83 = 83 %, or 83.3% 2 2
6 3 = 0.6 = 66.6%, or 66 %
3 3
0.87.5 87.5% = 0.875 1 20
↑ = = 20%
5 100
7 1
= 0.875 = 87 %, or 87.5% 0.20. 20% = 0.2
8 2 ↑
1
100 1 = 0.2 = 20%
100% = = =1 5
100 1
76. 15 · y = 75
1 75
= 1 = 100%
1 y=
15
40 2 y=5
74. 40% = =
100 5 78. 3 = 0.16 × b
0.40. 40% = 0.4 3
↑ =b
0.16
2 18.75 = b
= 0.4 = 40%
5 80. 17 x
=
18 27
62.5 625 5 17 · 27 = 18 · x
62.5% = = =
100 1000 8 17 · 27
=x
0.62.5 62.5% = 0.625 18
↑ 25.5 = x
5 1 7 4
= 0.625 = 62.5%, or 62 % 82. =
8 2 x 5
7·5 = 4·x
7·5
0.87.5 0.875 = 87.5% =x
↑ 4
35
87.5 875 7 = x, or
87
.5% = = = 4
100 1000 8 3
8 = x, or
7 1 4
= 0.875 = 87.5%, or 87 % 8.75 = x
8 1
=1
1
1.00. 2
7
84. 9 67
63
1 = 100% 4
↑ 67 4
=7
9 9
1
= 1 = 100% 209 9
1 86. 20 = (20 · 10 = 200, 200 + 9 = 209)
10 10
54
88.
0.60. 0.6 = 60% 999 = 0.05405 = 5.405%
↑
Copyright c 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
÷ Publishing as Addison-Wesley.
19
90. % = 1.583% = 0.01583 30. Solve: 70% × b = 35
12
b = 50
1
Exercise Set 6.3 32. Solve: a = 35 % × 1200
4
a = 423
RC2. What percent of 45 is 18?
` ˛¸ x 34. Solve: a = 9.2% × 5600
↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓
a = $515.20
p · 45 = 18
Answer (e) is correct. 36. Solve: 8.2% × b = 328
RC4. 0.5% of 1200 is what? b = 4000
125 1
↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ 38. 0.125 = or
0.5% · 1200 = a 1000 8
3 decimal
Answer (d) is correct. 3 zeros

places
17
RC6. 6 is 0.5% of what? 40. = 0.017
↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ 1000
6 = 0.5% · b 3 decimal
3 zeros
places
Answer (a) is correct.
42. 2 · 7 − (5 + 1) = 2 · 7 − 6 = 14 − 6 = 8
2. 98% × 57 = a
44. Estimate: 40%× $50, 000 = a
4. p × 25 = 8
$20, 000 = a (Answers may vary)
6. 21.4% × b = 20 Calculate: 38.2%× $52, 345.79 = a
8. Solve: a = 74% × 53 $19, 996.09 ≈ a
a = 39.22
10. Solve: 100% × 13 = a
Exercise Set 6.4
a = 13
70 N
RC2. = ; answer (e) is correct.
12. Solve: a = 4% × 45 200 100
a = $1.80 74.8 110

RC4. = ; answer (f) is correct.
1 b 100
14. Solve: 33 % × 480 = a 110 a
3
a = 160 RC6. = ; answer (a) is correct.

100 68
16. Solve: 16 = n × 90 66 a
2. =
7 100 74
n = 17.7%, or 17 %
9
18. Solve: 60 = 20 N 5.3
4. =
n× 100 6.8
n = 300% 133 40
6. =
20. Solve: n × 50 = 40 100 b
60 = 15
n = 80% 22. Solve: n ×
n = 25% 32
a
8. Solve: =
100 70
24. Solve: 57 = 20% × b
a = 22.4
b = 285 80 a
10. Solve: =
100 920
a = 736
6 a
12. Solve: =
26. Solve: 100% × b = $74 100 2000
a = 120
b = $74 63.1 a
28. Solve: 71 04 = 96% 14. Solve: =
. ×b 100 80
b = 74 a = 50.48

Chapter 6 Mid-Chapter Review 119
N 80 10, 000
16. Solve: 14 44. Estimate: =
= 100
100 70 b
N = 20% b = 12, 500 (Answers may vary.)

N 103 78.8 9809.024
Calculate: =
=
18. Solve: 100 100 100 b
b = 12, 448
N = 103%
N 60
20. Solve: = Chapter 6 Mid-Chapter Review
100 80
N = 75% 1. The statement is true. See page 341 in the text.
N 11
22. Solve: = 2. The statement is false. The symbol % is equivalent to
100 33
1 ×0.01.
N = 33.3%, or 33 % 3. We begin by writing decimal notation for each number.

3
20 75 1
24. Solve: = = 0.1
100 b 10
b = $375 1% = 0.01
80 96 0.1% = 0.001
26. Solve: =
100 b 10% = 0.1
b = 120 1
65 63.7 = 0.01
28. Solve: = 100
100 b We see that the smallest number is 0.001, or 0.1%, so the
b = 98 given statement is true.
80 1 1
30. Solve: 10 4. % = 1 1
= =
100 b ·
2 2 100 200
b = 12.5 80 8
1 5. = = 8%
43 1000 100
32. Solve: 4 = a 5.5 55 11

100 2600 6. 5.5% = = =
a = 1124.5 100 1000 200
8.7 a 375 37.5
34. Solve: = 7. 0.375 = = = 37.5%
100 76, 000 1000 100
a = $6612 8. 15 = p × 80
1 15 p × 80
=
10 80 80
36. Solve: 5 = 66.3
15
100 b =p
80
b = 650
0.1875 = p
38. 15 3
= 18.75% = p
x 800
15 · 800 = 3 · x 9. 28%
15 · 800 a) Replace the percent symbol with ×0.01.
=x
3 28 × 0.01
4000 = x
b) Move the decimal point two places to the left.
40. 612 72 0 . 28.
=
t 244 ↑
612 · 244 = 72 · t
Thus, 28% = 0.28.
612 · 244
=t 10. 0.15%
72
2074 = t a) Replace the percent symbol with ×0.01.
3 0.15 × 0.01
42. Solve: c = ÷6
4 b) Move the decimal point two places to the left.
1 0 . 00.15
c= T
8 ↑
Thus, 0.15% = 0.0015.

3
11. 5 % = 5.375% 17. 0.005
8
a) Move the decimal point two places to the right.
a) Replace the percent symbol with ×0.01.
0.00.5
5.375 × 0.01
↑
b) Move the decimal point two places to the left.
b) Write a percent symbol: 0.5%
0 . 05.375
Thus, 0.005 = 0.5%.
↑
3 37 37 2 74
Thus, 5 % = 0.05375. 18. = · = = 74%

8 50 50 2 100
100 600
12. 240% 19. 6 = 6 · = = 600%
a) Replace the percent symbol with ×0.01. 100 100
20. Find decimal notation by division.

240 × 0.01
0.8 3 3
b) Move the decimal point two places to the left. 6 5.0 0 0
2.40. 48
↑ 20
Thus, 240% = 2.4. 18
20
13. 0.71 18
a) Move the decimal point two places to the right. 2
5
0.71. We get a repeating decimal: = 0.833
6
↑
Convert to percent notation.
b) Write a percent symbol: 71%
Thus, 0.71 = 71%. 0.83.3
↑
14. We use the definition of percent as a ratio. 5 1
9 = 83.3%, or 83 %
= 9% 6 3
100 85
21. 85% = 5 · 17 5 17 17
= = =
15. 0.3891 ·
100 5 · 20 5 20 20
a) Move the decimal point two places to the right. 0.048
22. 0.048% =
0.38.91 100
↑ 0.048 1000
= ·
b) Write a percent symbol: 38.91% 100 1000

Thus, 0.3891 = 38.91%. 48 16 · 3
= =
100, 000 16 · 6250
16. Find decimal notation by division. 16 3 3
= · =
0.1 8 7 5 16 6250 6250
1 6 3.0 0 0 0 3 22.75
16 23. 22 % = 22.75% =
140 4 100
128 22.75 100 2275

= · =
120 100 100 10, 000
112 25 · 91 25 91
= 0= ·
80 25 · 400
80 91
=
400 25 400
3
= 0.1875 2 50
16 24. 16.6 = 16 % = %
Convert to percent notation. 3 3
50 1 50
0.18.75 = · =
3 100 300
↑
3 3 50 · 1 50 1
= = ·
= 18.75%, or 18 % 50 · 6 50 6
16 4
1
=
6

Chapter 6 Mid-Chapter Review 121
25. Five of the eight equal parts are shaded, so the shaded 30. $17.50 is 35% of what?
5 5 Percents Quantities
area is of the figure. We convert to decimal notation and
8 8 0% 0
to then
percent notation.
0.6 2 5 35% $17.50
8 5.0 0 0
48
20 100% b
16
40 35 $17.50
Translate: =
40 100 b
0 Solve: 35 · b = 100 · $17.50

5 1
= 0.625 = 62. 35 · b 100 · $17.50
5%, or 62 %
8 2 =
35 35
9
26. Nine of the twenty equal parts are shaded, so of the $1750
20 b=
area is shaded. 35
9 9 · 5 = 45 = 45% b = $50
=
20 20 5 100 $17.50 is 35% of $50. The answer is $50.
27. 25% of what is 14.5?

31. What percent of $800 is $160?
Translate: 25% × b = 14.5
Percents Quantities
0% 0
Solve: 25% × b = 14.5
25% 25% N% $160

14.5
b=
0.25 100% $800
b = 58
25% of 58 is 14.5. The answer is 58. N $160

Translate: =
100 $800
28. 220 is what percent of 1320?
Translate: 220 = p × 1320 Solve: N · 800 = 100 · 160
220 p × 1320 N · 800 100 · 160

Solve: = =
1320 1320 800 800
100 · 160
0.166 = p N =
800
16.6 = p N = 20
2
220 is 16.6 of 1320. The answer is 16.6%, or 16 %. 20% of $800 is $160. The answer is 20%.
3
29. What is 3.2% of 80,000? 32. 130% of $350 is what?
Translate: a = 3.2% · 80, 000 Percents Quantities
0% 0
Solve: Convert 3.2% to decimal notation and multiply.
8 0, 0 0 0
100% $350
× 0 .0 3 2
130% a
1 6 0 0 00
2 4 0 0 0 00 2560 is 8 000. The answer is 2560.

3.2% of 0
a = 2 5 6 0. 0 0 0 ,
100 $
=
Translate: 130 3
5
0
a
Solve: 100 · a = 130 · $350
100 · a 130 · $350
=
100 100
130 · $350
a=
100
a = $455
130% of $350 is $455. The answer is $455.

33. We begin by writing the numbers in decimal notation. 39. They all represent the same number.
1
% = 0.5% = 0.005
2 Exercise Set 6.5
5% = 0.05
0.275 RC2. Change: $75 − $60 = $15
13 $15
= 0.13 Percent increase or decrease: = 25%
100 $60
1% = 0.01
RC4. Change: $4000 − $2400 = $1600
0.1% = 0.001 $1600
0.05% = 0.0005 Percent increase or decrease: = 40%

$4000
3
= 0.3 2. Let n = the number of miles that are navigable.
10
77 n
7 7 · 5 = 35 = 0.35 Solve: n = 77% · 2348, or =
= 100 2348
20 20 5 100 n ≈ 1808 mi
10% = 0.1
4. Let s = the new salary.
Arranging the numbers from smallest to largest, we have
1 13 3 7 Solve: 28, 600 + 5% × 28, 600 = s
0.05%, 0.1%, %, 1%, 5%, 10%, , 0.275, , .

2 100 10 20 s = $30, 030
1 6. Let t = the number of items on the test.
34. 8.5 is 2 % of what?
2 86
1 Solve: 86% = 81 7, or 81.7
=
·t .
Translate: 8.5 = 2 % × b 100 t
2
t = 95 items
Solve: 8.5 2 12 % × b
= 8. Let p = the world population in 2015, in billions.
2 21 % 2 12 %
Solve: p = (1.012)7 · 6.68
8.5
=b p ≈ 7.26 billion
0.025
340 = b 10. Original cost $36,400:
Answer D is correct. Depreciation first year: a = 25% × 36, 400, or
35. $102,000 is what percent of $3.6 million? 25 a

=
Translate: 102, 000 = p × 3, 600, 000 100 36, 400
a = 9100
102, 000 p × 3, 600, 000
Solve: = Value at end of first year: $36, 400 − $9100 =
3, 600, 000 3, 600, 000
$27, 300
102, 000
=p Depreciation second year: a = 14% × 27, 300:
3, 600, 000
0.0283 = p that it is more efficient to become familiar with some

2.83% = p, or orall of the fraction and percent equivalents that appear
5 in- side the back cover and to make the conversion by
2 %=p going directly from fraction notation to percent
6
Answer B is correct. notation.
36. Some will ÷say that the conversion will be done most ac- 37. Since 40% 10 = 4%, we can divide 36.8 by 10,
curately by first finding decimal notation. Others will say obtaining
c 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
Copyright ÷ Publishing as Addison-Wesley.
3.68. Since 400% = 40% × 10, we can multiply 36.8 by 10, a = 3822
obtaining 368. Value at end of second year: $27, 300 − $3822 =
38. Answers may vary. Some will say this is a good idea since it $23, 478
makes the computations in the solution easier. Others will
Original cost $28,400:
say it is a poor idea since it adds an extra step to the
solution. Depreciation first year: a = 25% × 28, 400.
a = 7100
Value at end of first year: $28, 400 − $7100 =
$21, 300
Depreciation second year: a = 14% × 21, 300.
a = 2982
Value at end of second year: $21, 300 − $2982 =
$18, 318
Original cost $26,800:

Depreciation first year: a = 25% × 26, 800.
a = 6700

Value at end of first year: $26, 800 − $6700 = 45-54 years old:
p 3, 846, 000
$20, 100 Solve: 3, 846, 000 = p · 23, 977, 000, or =
100 23, 977, 000

Depreciation second year: a = 14% × 20, 100.
p ≈ 16.0%
a = 2814
Value at end of second year: $20, 100 − $2814 = 55-64 years old:
$17, 286 p 6, 081, 000

Solve: 6, 081, 000 = p · 23, 977, 000, or =
12. Let c = the number of items Christina got correct. 100 23, 977, 000
Solve: 91 c p ≈ 25.4%
c = 91% · 40, or =
100
40
c = 36.4 items 65 years and older:
p 9, 200, 000
Then 40 − 36.4, or 3.6 items were incorrect. Solve: 9, 200, 000 = p · 23, 977, 000, or =
100 23, 977, 000

14. Let c = the average cost of a life-without-parole case. p ≈ 38.4%
30 c
Solve: c = 30% ·505 ,773, or = 26. Amount of increase: 216 − 200 = 16
100 505, 773
c = $151, 732 Let p = the percent increase.
p 16
16. Let = the percent that the nurses’ median annual salary Solve: 16 = p × 200, or =
n 100 200
is of the physician and surgeons’ median annual salary. p = 8%
64, 690 n
Solve: 64, 690 = n · 111, 570, or =
111, 570 100 28. Amount of decrease: 90 − 72 = 18
n ≈ 58% Let p = the percent decrease.
p 18
18. For the $18 meal: Solve: 18 = p × 90, or =
100 90
Tip = 15% × $18 = $2.70 p = 20%
Cost of meal = $18 + $2.70 = $20.70 30. Amount of decrease: 199.95 − 154.95 = 45
For the $34 meal: Let p = the percent decrease.
p 45
Tip = 15% × $34 = $5.10 Solve: 45 = p × 199.95, or =
Cost of meal = $34 + $5.10 = $39.10 100 199.95

p ≈ 22.5%
For the $49 meal:
32. Amount of decrease: 254, 037 − 140, 490 = 113, 547

Tip = 15% × $49 = $7.35
Let p = the percent decrease.
Cost of meal = $49 + $7.35 = $56.35
p 113, 547
Solve: 113, 547 = p × 254, 037, or =
20. Let p = the percent of income that is allotted to paying 100 254, 037
the credit-card debt. p ≈ 44.7%
470 p 34. Amount of increase: 15 162 2966 = 12 196
Solve: 470 = p · 3400, or =
3400 100 , − ,
p ≈ 13.8% Let p = the percent increase.
p 12, 196
22. Let a = the amount of acid, in mL. Solve: 12, 196 = p · 2966, or =
3
100 2966
a
Solve: a = 3% · 680, or = p ≈ 411%
100 680
a = 20.4 mL 36. Amount of decrease, in billions of dollars:
The amount of water is 680 − 20.4, or 659.6 mL. 329.2 − 325.8 = 3.4
24. Under 35 years old: Let p = the percent decrease.
p 1, 949, 000 3.4 p
Solve: 1 949 000 = 23 977 000, or = Solve: 3.4 = p · 329.2, or =
, , p· , , 329.2 100
100 23, 977, 000
p ≈ 1%
p ≈ 8.1%
38. Number of deaths in 2006: 41, 059 + 1649 = 42, 708

35-44 years old: Let p = the percent decrease.
p 2, 901, 000 p 1649
Solve: 2, 901, 000 = p · 23, 977, 000, or = Solve: 1649 = p · 42, 708, or =
100 23, 977, 000 100 42, 708

p ≈ 12.1% p ≈ 3.9%

40. First we use the formula A = l × w to find the area of the

strike zone: Exercise Set 6.6
A = 30 × 17 = 510 in2
When a 2-in. border is added to the outside of the strike RC2. Discount = Rate of discount × Original price
zone, the dimensions of the larger zone are 19 in. by 34 in.
The area of this zone is RC4. Sales tax = Sales tax rate × Purchase price
A = 34 × 21 = 714 in2 2. 6.3% × $239 ≈ $15.06
We subtract to find the increase in area:
4. 5.5% × $39.99 ≈ $2.20
714 in2 − 510 in2 = 204 in2
Let p = the percent of increase in the area. 6. Cost of 3 wet-dry vacs: 3 × $60.99 = $182.97
p 204 Sales tax: 6.25% × $182.97 ≈ $11.44
Solve: 204 = p · 510, or =
100 510 Total price: $182.97 + $11.44 = $194.41

p = 40%
8. Solve: 48 = r × 960
42. Population in 2010: 5, 363, 675 + 323, 311 = 5, 686, 986
r = 5%
Let p = the percent change.
p 323, 311 10. Solve: 35.80 = r × 895
Solve: 323, 311 = p · 5, 363, 675, or =
100 5, 363, 675 r = 4%

p ≈ 6%
12. Solve: 100 = 5% × p
44. Population in 2000: 8, 001, 024 − 922, 509 = 7, 078, 515 p = $2000
Let p = the percent change.
Solve: 922 p 922, 509 14. Total tax rate: 2.25% + 7% = 9.25%
, 509 = p · 7, 078, 515, or =

100 7, 078, 515 Cost of 2 ladders: 2 × $39 = $78
p ≈ 13% Sales tax: 9.25% × $78 ≈ $7.22
46. Change: 9, 535, 483 − 8, 186, 453 = 1, 349, 030 Total amount paid: $78 + $7.22 = $85.22
Let p = the percent change. 16. Total tax rate: 1% + 6% = 7%
p 1, 349, 030
Solve: 1, 349, 030 = p · 8, 186, 453, or = Cost of 2 tires: 2 × $49.95 = $99.90
100 8, 186, 453

Sales tax: 7% × $99.90 ≈ $6.99
p ≈ 16.5%
Total amount paid: $99.90 + $6.99 = $106.89
48. Amount of decrease: 9, 938, 444 − 9, 883, 640 = 54, 804 18. Total tax rate: 1% + 1% + 6 25% = 8 25%
Let p = the percent decrease. . .

p 54, 804 Cost of 5 shrubs: 5 × $19.95 = $99.75
Solve: 54, 804 = p · 9, 938, 444, or =
100 9, 938, 444 Sales tax: 8.25% × $99.75 ≈ $8.23

p ≈ 0.6% Total amount paid: $99.75 + $8.23 = $107.98
11 44 = 0.44 20. Solve: C = 6% × $45, 000
50. =
25 100
C = $2700
4. 7
52. 9 4 3. 0 43
= 4.7
36 9
70
63
70

22. r × 2400 4. Solve: 552 = 40%
Sol r = 5% × SS = $1380
ve:
12 2 26. Solve: C = 6% × $98, 000
0=
135 3·3·3·5 3·5 3·3 9 C = $5880
54. = = · =
510 3 · 5 · 34 3 · 5 34 34
28. 280.80 = r × 2340
70 2·5·7 2·7 5 5 r = 12%
56. = = · =
406 2 · 7 · 29 2 · 7 29 29
58. p = 1.2q 30. Commission on first $2000: C = 5% × $2000 = $100

0.83p = q 1 Sales over $2000: $6200 − $2000 = $4200
Thus q is 83. q. Commission on sales over $2000: C = 8% × $4200 = $336
3%, or 83 %, of
3 Total commission: $100 + $336 = $436

32. Discount: D = 40% × 2000

D = $800 Exercise Set 6.7
Sale price: S = $2000 − $800 = $1200
1 year 40
34. Discount: D = 25% × 20 RC2. 40 days × = year
D = $5 365 days 365
1 year 9
Sale price: S = $20 − $5 = $15 RC4. 9 months × = year
12 months 12
36. Original price: 65.70 = 15% × p 1 year 4
$438 = p RC6. 4 months × = year

Sale price: $438.00 − $65.70 = $372.30 12 months 12
2. I = $200 × 7.7% × 1 = $15.40
38. Rate of discount: 1920 = r × 12, 800 3 1
15% = r
Sale price: S = $12, 800 − $1920 = $10, 880 4. I = $80, 000 × 6 % × = $450
4 12
1
40. Original price: $35 + $15 = $50 6. I = $8000 × 9.42% × = $125.60
6
Rate of discount: Solve 15 = r × 50.
1 9
r = 30% 8. I = $100, 000 × 3 % × = $2437.50
4 12
90
42. Discount: $42.95 − $37.95 = $5 10. a) $8000 × 10%× ≈ $197.26
365
Rate of discount: Solve 5 = r × 42.95. b) $8000 + $197.26 = $8197.26
r ≈ 11.6% 12. a) $4500 1 60 $92 47
× 12 % × ≈ .
7 11 2 365
44. 2 = b) $4500 + $92.47 = $4592.47
x
7 · x = 2 · 11 30
14. a) $3600 × 4% ×
x=
2 · 11 365 ≈ $11.84
7 b) $3600 + $11.84 = $3611.84

22 1
x= , or 3
7 7 4% 1·2
16. A = $450 · 1+ = $486.72

46. y = 29.44 = 1.15 1
25.6 7.7%
1·4
48. 5.8 million = 5.8 × 1 million 18. A = $4000 · 1+ ≈ $5381.74

1
= 5.8 × 1, 000, 000
= 5, 800, 000 9.42% 1·6

50. 6 20. A = $8000 · 1+ 1 ≈ $13, 729.99
.09 trillion = 6.09 × 1 trillion

= 6.09 × 1, 000, 000, 000, 000 57 % 1·30
= 6, 090, 000, 000, 000 22. A = $100, 000 · 1+ 8 ≈ $554, 373.80
1
52. Let x = the original price of the plaque that was sold for 5% 2·1
a profit. Its selling price was 1.2x. 24. A = $1000 · 1+ ≈ $1050.63

2
Let y = the original price of the plaque that was sold for
2·4
a loss. Its selling price was 0.8y. 7.7%

Plaque sold for a profit: 26. A = $40, 000 · 1+ ≈ $54, 114.29
2
Solve: 1.2x = 200 9.42%
2·8
2 28. A = $8000 · ≈ $16, 707.08
x = 166.6, or 166 1+
3 2
Plaque sold for a loss: 47 % 2·30

30. A = $100, 000 · 1+ 8 ≈ $424, 168.35
Solve: 0.8y = 200 2
y = 250 2 2 6
32. = $2500 1 + 3% 12
·12
$2537 74
A ≈ .
Then the plaques were bought for $166 + $250, or $416 12
3 Elijah lost money
and were sold for $200+$200, or $400, so 3
8% 4·1.5
on the sale. 34. A = $6000 1 + ≈ $6756.97

4

1 2. We begin by writing each number in decimal notation.

36. I = $1834.90 × 22.4% × ≈ $34.25
12 0.5% = 0.005
Amount applied to reduce principal: 5
= 0.005
$36.70 − $34.25 = $2.45 1000
Balance after payment: $1834.90 − $2.45 = $1832.45 1
% = 0.5% = 0.005
2
38. a) 0.02 × $5328.88 = $106.5776 ≈ $107 1
1 = 0.2
5
b) I = $5328.88 × 0.187 × ≈ $83.04
12
Amount applied to the principal: 0.1
$107 − $83.04 = $23.96 We see that 0.2 > 0.1, so 0.1 is not the largest number.
1 The given statement is false.
c) I = $5328.88 × 0.132 × ≈ $58.62
12 3. Principal A grows to the amount
Amount applied to the principal: 0.04
4·2
A 1+ = A(1 + 0.01)8 = A(1.01)8.
$107 − $58.62 = $48.38 4
d) At 13.2% the principal is decreased by $48.38 − Principal B grows to the amount

2·4
$23.96 = $24.42 more than at 18.7%. This also 0.02
means that the interest at 13.2% is $24.42 less than B 1+ = B(1 + 0.01)8 = B(1.01)8.
2
at 18.7%. Since A = B, the interest from the investments is the same.

40. 228 = 2 · 2 · 3 · 19 The given statement is true.
16 5 16 14 16 · 2 · 7/ 32
42. ÷ = · = =
105 14 105 5 7/ · 15 · 5 75 Chapter 6 Study Guide
8 49 /8 · /7 · 7 7
44. × = = 1. Move the decimal point two places to the right and write
21 800 3 · 7/ · /8 · 100 300
a percent symbol.
9
46. x = −2= 9 −4 = 5 = 1 0.082 = 8.2%
10 5 10 10 10 2
5
48. For a principle P invested at 10% compounded daily, 2. 62 % = 62.625% = 62.625 × 0.01 = 0.62625
8
to find the amount in the account at the end of 1 year
we would multiply P by (1 + 0.1/365)365. Since (1 + 3. First we divide to find decimal notation.
0.1/365)365 ≈ 1.1052, the effective yield is approxi- 0.6 3 6
mately 10.52%. 1 1 7.0 0 0
66
40
Chapter 6 Vocabulary Reinforcement 33
70
1. When a quantity is decreased by a certain percent, we say 66
that this is a percent decrease. 3
We get a repeating decimal, 0.6363.
2. The simple interest I on principal P , invested for t years 7 7
at interest rate r, is given by I = P · r · t. = 0.6363 = 63.63%, or 63 %
11 11
3. Sale price = Original price − Discount. 6.8 6.8 10 68 4 · 17
4. 6.8% = = · = = =
100 100 10 1000 4 · 250
4. Commission = Commission rate × Sales.
4 17 17
· =
5. Discount = Rate of discount × Original price. 4 250 250
6. When a quantity is increased by a certain percent, we say 5. We translate to a percent equation.
that this is a percent increase. 12 = p · 288

12 p · 288
=
288 288
Chapter 6 Concept Reinforcement 12
=p
288
1. The statement is true. 0.0416 = p

4.16% = p, or
1
4 %=p
6

Chapter 6 Summary and Review: Review Exercises 127
1
Thus, 12 is 4.16%, or 4 %, of 288. 10. We express 60 days as a fractional part of a year.
6 I = P ·r·t
6. We translate to a proportion.
1 60
3 300 = $2500 × 5 % ×
= 2 365
100 b = $2500 0 055 60
3 · b = 100 · 300 Equating cross products × . ×

3 · b 100 · 300 365
= ≈ $22.60
3 3
The interest is $22.60.
100 · 300
b= The total amount due is $2500 + $22.60 = $2522.60.
3
b = 10, 000 r n·t

11. A = P 1+
Thus, 3% of 10,000 is 300. n
7. Familiarize. First we find the amount of increase. 443 % 4·2

= $6000 1 +
4 6. 2 0 4
8
− 4 0. 0 7 0.0475
6. 1 3 = $6000 1 +
4
Let p = the percent of increase. = $6000(1.011875)8
Translate. = $6594.26
6.13 is what percent of 40.07?
` ˛¸ x
↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓
6.13 = p × 40.07 Chapter 6 Review Exercises
Solve.
6.13 = p × 40.07 1. Move the decimal point two places to the right and write
6.13 p × 40.07 a percent symbol.
=
40.07 40.07 1.7 = 170%
6.13
=p
40.07 2. Move the decimal point two places to the right and write
0.153 ≈ p a percent symbol.

15.3% = p 0.065 = 6.5%
Check. If the percent of increase is 15.3%, then the 2008 3. 4% = 4 × 0.01 = 0.04
cost was the 2007 cost plus 15.3% of the 2007 cost, or
115.3% of the 2007 cost. Since 115.3% of $40.07 is 1.153 × 14.4% = 14.4 × 0.01 = 0.144
$40.07 = $46.20071 ≈ $46.20, the answer checks. 4. 62.1% = 62.1 × 0.01 = 0.621
State. The percent of increase was about 15.3%. 84.2% = 84.2 × 0.01 = 0.842
8. Sales tax is what percent of purchase price

` ˛¸ x ` ˛¸ x ` ˛¸ x 5. First we divide to find decimal notation.
↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ 0.3 7 5
1102.20 = r × 18, 370 8 3.0 0 0
24
1102.20 r × 18, 370 60
=
18, 370 18, 370 56
1102.20 40
=r 40
18, 370
0.06 = r 0
3 1
6% = r = 0.375, or 37
8 2
The sales tax rate is 6%. Now convert 0.375 to percent notation by moving the dec-
9. Commission = Commission rate × Sales imal point two places to the right and writing a percent
12, 950 = 7% × S symbol.
3 1
To solve this equation we divide on both sides by 0.07: 5%, or 37 %
= 37.
8 2
12, 950
= 0.07 × S
0.07 0.07
185, 000 = S
The home sold for $185,000.

24 16.8
6. First we divide to find decimal notation. Translate: =
0.3 3 3 100 b
3 1.0 0 0 Solve: 24 · b = 100 · 16.8

9
10 24 · b 100 · 16.8
=
9 24 24
10 100 · 16.8
b=
9 24
1 b = 70
1
We get a repeating decimal: = 0.333. We convert 0.333 24% of 70 is 16.8. The answer is 16.8.
3
to percent notation by moving the decimal point two places
13. 42 is what percent of 30?
to the right and writing a percent symbol.
1 1 Percents Quantities
= 33.3%, or 33 %
0% 0
3 3
24
7. 24% = 4·6 4 6 6
= = · =
100 4 · 25 4 25 25 100% 30
6.3 6.3 10 63 N% 42
8. 6.3% = = · =
100 100 10 1000
N 42
9. Translate. 30.6 = p × 90 Translate: =
100 30
Solve. We divide by 90 on both sides and convert to per-
cent notation. Solve: 30 · N = 100 · 42
30.6 = p × 90 30 · N 100 · 42
30.6 p × 90 =
= 30 30
90 90 4200
0.34 = p N =
30
34% = p N = 140
30.6 is 34% of 90.
42 is 140% of 30. The answer is 140%.
10. Translate. 63 = 84% × b
14. What is 10.5% of 84?
Solve. We divide by 84% on both sides.
Percents Quantities
63 = 84% × b 0% 0
63 84% × b 10.5% a
=
84% 84%
63
=b
0.84
75 = b 100% 84
63 is 84% of 75. 10.5 a
Translate: =
1 100 84
11. Translate. a = 38 % × 168
2
1 Solve: 10.5 · 84 = 100 · a

10.5 · 84 100 · a
Solve. Convert 38 % to decimal notation and multiply. =
2 100 100
168
× 0. 3 8 5 1 3 440
840 5 0 400
6 4. 6 8 0 882
=a
1 100
64.68 is 38 % of 168. 8.82 = a
2
12. 24 percent of what is 16.8? 8.82 is 10.5% of 84. The answer is 8.82.
Percents Quantities
0% 0 15. Familiarize. Let c = the number of students who would
24% 16.8 choose chocolate as their favorite ice cream and b = the
number who would choose butter pecan.
Translate. We translate to two equations.
100% b Ẁhat ˛n¸umbexr is 8.9% of 2000?
↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓
c = 8.9% · 2000

Chapter 6 Summary and Review: Review Exercises 129
Ẁhat ˛n¸umbexr is 4.2% of 2000? Now let p = the percent of increase.

↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ Translate. We translate to a proportion.
b = 4.2% · 2000 p 9
=
Solve. We convert percent notation to decimal notation 100 75
and multiply. Solve. We equate cross products.
c = 0.089 · 2000 = 178 p · 75 = 100 · 9
b = 0.042 · 2000 = 84 p · 75 100 · 9
=
Check. We can repeat the calculation. We can also do 75 75

partial checks by estimating. p = 12
8.9% · 2000 ≈ 9% · 2000 = 180; Check. 12% 75
· = 0.12 75· = 9, the amount of the increase,
so the answer checks.
4.2% · 2000 ≈ 4% · 2000 = 80
State. Jason’s score increased 12%.
Since 180 is close to 178 and 80 is close to 84, our answers
seem reasonable. 19. Familiarize. Let s = the new score. Note that the new
State. 178 students would choose chocolate as their fa- score is the original score plus 15% of the original score.
vorite ice cream and 84 would choose butter pecan. New Original Original
is plus 15% of
score score score
16. Familiarize. Let p = the percent of people in the U.S. ` ˛¸ x ` ˛¸ x ` ˛¸ x
who take at least one kind of prescription drug per day. ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓

Translate. We translate to a proportion. s = 80 + 15% · 80
p 140.3 Solve. We convert 15% to decimal notation and carry out

=
100 305 the computation.
Solve. We equate cross products. s = 80 + 0.15 · 80 = 80 + 12 = 92

p · 305 = 100 · 140.3 Check. We repeat the calculation. The answer checks.
p · 305 100 · 140.3 State. Jenny’s new score was 92.
=
305 305
p = 0.46 20. The meals tax is
p = 46% M̀eal t˛a̧x ratex × C̀ost ˛of̧ meaxl
Check. 46% 305

· million = 0.46 305
· million = 140.3 ↓ ↓ ↓
1
million. The answer checks. 7 % × $320,
2
State. In the U.S. 46% of the people take at least one or 0.075 × $320, or $24.
kind of prescription drug per day.
21. Sales what purchase

17. Familiarize. Let w = the total output of water from the is of
tax percent price?
body per day. ` ˛¸ x ` ˛¸ x ` ˛¸ x
Translate. $453.60 = r × 7560

200 mL is 8% of ẁhat n˛u̧mber?x To solve the equation, we divide on both sides by 7560.
↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ $453.60 r × 7560
=
200 = 8% · w 7560 7560

Solve. 0.06 = r
200 = 8% · w 6% = r
200 = 0.08 · w The sales tax rate is 6%.
200 0.08 · w 22. Commission = Commission rate × Sales

=
0.08 0.08 753.50 = r × 6850
2500 = w To solve this equation, we divide on both sides by 6850.
Check. 8% · 2500 = 0.08 · 2500 = 200, so the answer 753.50 r × 6850
=
checks.
6850 6850
State. The total output of water from the body is 2500 mL 0.11 = r
per day. 11% = r
18. Familiarize. First we subtract to find the amount of the The commission rate is 11%.
increase.
23. First we subtract to find the discount.
7 14
/8 4/ $82 − $67 = $15
− 7 5 Discount = Rate of discount × Original price
9 15 = r × 82

We divide on both sides by 82. 28. a) I = P · r · t

15 r × 82 60
= = $24, 000 × 10% ×
82 82 365
0.183 ≈ r 60
= $24, 000 × 0.1 ×
18.3% ≈ r 365
The rate of discount is about 18.3%. ≈ $394.52

b) $24, 000 + $394.52 = $24, 394.52
24. Discount = Rate of discount × Original price
D = 12% × $350 29. I = P ·r·t
Convert 12% to decimal notation and multiply. = $2200 × 5.5% × 1
3 50 = $2200 × 0.055 × 1
× 0. 1 2 = $121
7 00
35 00 r n·t
4 2. 0 0 30. A=P· 1+
n
The discount is $42. 4% 12· 1

4
= $7500 · 1+
Sale price = Original price − Discount 12
3
S = $350 − $42 0.04
= $7500 · 1+
We subtract: 12
4 10 ≈ $7575.25
3 5/ 0/ n·t
− 42 r
31. A=P· 1+
30 8 n
The sale price is $308. 9% 1·2
= $8000 · 1 +
1
25. First we find the discount.
= $8000 · (1 + 0.09)2
$305 − $262.30 = $42.70 = $8000 · (1.09)2
Now we find the rate of discount.

= $9504.80
Discount = Rate of discount × Original price
42.70 = r × 305 32. a) 2% of $6428.74 = 0.02 × $6428.74 ≈ $129
42.70 r × 305 b) I = P · r · t
=
305 305 1
= $6428.74 × 0.187 ×
42.70 12
=r ≈ $100.18
305
0.14 = r The amount of interest is $100.18.
14% = r $129 − $100.18 = $28.82, so the principal is reduced
The rate of discount is 14%. 27. I = P ·r·t

26. Commission = Commission rate × Sales 1
= $1800 × 6% ×
C = 3 7% × 42, 000
1
We convert 7% to decimal notation and multiply. = $1800 × 0.06 ×
3
4 2, 0 0 0
= $36
× 0. 0 7
2 9 4 0. 0 0
The commission is $2940.

by $28.82.
c) I = P · r · t
1
= $6428.74 × 0.132 ×
12
≈ $70.72
The amount of interest is $70.72.
$129 $70.72 = $58.28, so the principal −
is reducedby $58.28 with the lower
interest rate.
d) With the 13.2% rate the principal was
decreased by
$58.28 $28.82, or $29.46, more than at −
the 18.7% rate. This also means that the
interest at 13.2% is
$29.46 less than at 18.7%.
33. First we find the discount.
Discount = Rate of discount ×
Original price
D = 15% × 16, 500

Chapter 6 Test 131
We multiply. 36. Let S = the original salary. After a 3% raise, the salary
1 6, 5 0 0 becomes 103% ·S, or 1.03S. After a 6% raise, the new salary
× 0. 1 5 is 1.06% 1.03S, ·or 1.06(1.03S). Finally, after a 9% raise, the
8 2 5 00 salary is 109% 1.06(1.03S), or 1.09(1.06)(1.03S).
1 6 5 0 00 Multiplying, we get 1.09(1.06)(1.03S)
· = 1.190062S. This
is equivalent to 119.0062% S, so the original salary has
2 4 7 5. 0 0
increased about 19%. ·
The discount is $2475. Now we find the sale price.
Sale price = Original price − Discount

S = 16, 500 − 2475 Chapter 6 Discussion and Writing Exercises
S = 14, 025
The sale price is $14,025. Answer A is correct. 1. A 40% discount is better. When successive discounts are
taken, each is based on the previous discounted price rather
2·1 1
6% 2 than on the original price. A 20% discount followed by
34. A = 10, 500 1 + a 22% discount is the same as a 37.6% discount off the
2
0.06
2· 3 original price.
2
= 10, 500 1 + 2. Let S = the original salary. After both raises have been
2
= 10, 500(1 + 0.03)3 given, the two situations yield the same salary:
1.05 ·1.1S = 1.1 1.05S.
· However, the first situation is better
= 10, 500(1.03)3 for the wage earner, because 1.1S is earned the first year
≈ 11, 473.63 when a 10% raise is given while in the second situation1.05S
The amount in the account is $11,473.63. Answer C is is earned that year.
correct. 3. No; the 10% discount was based on the original price rather
35. Familiarize. Let d = the original price of the dress. After than on the sale price.
the 40% discount, the sale price is 60% of d, or 0.6d. Let 4. For a number n, 40% of 50% of n is 0.4(0.5n), or 0.2n, or
p = the percent by which the sale price must be increased 20% of n. Thus, taking 40% of 50% of a number is the same
to return to the original price. as taking 20% of the number.
Translate. 5. The interest due on the 30 day loan will be $41.10 while
Sale what sale original that due on the 60 day loan will be $131.51. This could
price percent price price? be an argument in favor of the 30 day loan. On the other
plus of is
↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ hand the 60 day loan puts twice as much cash at the firm’s
0.6d + p · 0.6d = d disposal for twice as long as the 30 day loan. This could
Solve. be an argument in favor of the 60 day loan.
0.6d + p · 0.6d = d
6. Answers will vary.
(1 + p)(0.6d) = d Factoring on the left
(1 + p)(0.6d) d
=
0.6d 0.6 d Chapter 6 Test
1 d
1+p =
0.6 · d
1 + p = 1.666 sale to return to the original price.
p = 1.666 − 1
p = 0.666
2
p = 66.6%, or 66 %
3
Check. Suppose the dress cost $100. Then the sale price
2
is 60% of $100, or $60. Now 66 % $60 · = $40 and
3
$60 + $40 = $100, the original price. Since the answer
checks for this specific price, it seems to be reasonable.
2
State. The sale price must be increased 66 % after the
3
1. 61.3%
a) Replace the percent symbol with
×0.01.61.3 × 0.01
b) Move the decimal point two places to the
left.0 . 61.3
↑
Thus, 61.3% = 0.613.
2. 0.38
a) Move the decimal point two places to the
right.0.38.
↑
b) Write a percent symbol:
38%Thus, 0.38 = 38%.

3. 1.3 7 5 Translate. We translate to three equations.

8 1 1.0 0 0 Ẁhat ˛n¸umbexr is 58% of 28, 535?
8
30
24 k = 58% · 28, 535

60 Ẁhat ˛n¸umbexr is 21% of 28, 535?
56
40
40 l = 21% · 28, 535

0 Ẁhat ˛n¸umbexr is 8% of 28, 535?
11
= 1.375
8 h = 8% · 28, 535
Convert to percent notation. Solve. To solve each equation we convert percent notation
1.37.5 to decimal notation and multiply.
↑
k = 58% · 28, 535 = 0.58 · 28, 535 ≈ 16, 550
11 1
= 137.5%, or 137 % l = 21% · 28, 535 = 0.21 · 28, 535 ≈ 5992

8 2
65 h = 8% · 28, 535 = 0.08 · 28, 535 ≈ 2283
4. 65% = Definition of percent Check. We repeat the calculations. The answers check.
100
State. In 2011, there were 16,550 kidney transplants, 5992
5 · 13 liver transplants, and 2283 heart transplants.
=
5 · 20
5 13 8. Familiarize. Let b = the number of at-bats.
= · Simplifying
5 20 Translate. We translate to a proportion. We are asking

13 “175 is 28.64% of what?”
= 28.64 175
20 =
100 b
5. Translate: What is 40% of 55? Solve.
28.64 · b = 100 · 175 Equating cross products
a = 40% · 55 28.64 · b 100 · 175
=
Solve: We convert 40% to decimal notation and multiply. 28.64 28.64
a = 40% · 55 b ≈ 611
= 0.4 · 55 = 22 Check. We can repeat the calculation. Also note that

175 150 1
The answer is 22. ≈ = = 25% ≈ 28.64%. The answer checks.
611 600 4
6. What percent of 80 is 65? State. Garrett Atkins had about 611 at-bats.
Percents Quantities 9. Familiarize. We first find the amount of decrease.

0% 0 1 10 5 17
2/ 0/, /6 7/ 9
− 1 9, 2 9 2
N% 65 1 3 8 7
100% 80
Let p = the percent decrease.
N 65
Translate: Translate. We translate to an equation.
=
100 80 1387 is what percent of 20, 679?
` ˛¸ x
Solve: 80 · N = 100 · 65
80 · N 8 0
100 · 65 1
=
80 3
8
7
=
2
0
,
6
7
9
S
o
l
v
e
.
6500 1387 = p · 20, 679
N =
80 1387 p · 20, 679

N = 81.25 =
20, 679 20, 679
The answer is 81.25%. 0.067 ≈ p

6.7% ≈ p
7. Familiarize. Let k = the number of kidney transplants, l
= the number of liver transplants, and h = the number of Check. Note that 6.7% ≈ 7%. With a decrease of ap-
heart transplants in 2011. proximately 7%, the number of adoptions in 2007 should be
about 100% − 7%, or 93%, of the number of adoptions

Chapter 6 Test 133
in 2006. Since 93% · 20, 679 = 0.93 · 20, 679 ≈ 19, 231 ≈ 14. I = P · r · t = $120 × 7.1% × 1
19, 292, the answer checks. = $120 × 0.071 × 1
State. The percent decrease was about 6.7%. = $8.52
10. Familiarize. Let p = the percent of people who live in 1
Asia. 15. I = P · r · t = $5200 × 6% ×
2
1
Translate. We translate to an equation. = $5200 × 0.06 ×
4, 002, 000, 000 is what percent of 6, 603, 000, 000 2
` ˛¸ x 1
= $312 ×
2
4, 002, 000, 000 = p · 6, 603, 000, 000 = $156
Solve. The interest earned is $156. The amount in the account is
4, 002, 000, 000 = p · 6, 603, 000, 000 the principal plus the interest: $5200 + $156 = $5356.
4, 002, 000, 000 p · 6, 603, 000, 000

=
6, 603, 000, 000 6, 603, 000, 000 r n·t
16. A=P· 1+
0.606 ≈ p n
60.6% ≈ p 53 % 1·2
= $1000 · 1+ 8
Check. We find 60.6% of 6,603,000,000: 1
2
60.6% · 6, 603, 000, 000 = 0.606 · 6, 603, 000, 000 ≈ 0.05375
4, 001, 418, 000 ≈ 4, 002, 000, 000 = $1000 · 1 +

1
The answer checks. = $1000(1.05375)2
State. About 60.6% of people living in the world today ≈ $1110.39
live in Asia. r n·t

17. A=P· 1+
11. The sales tax on an item costing $560 is n
Sales tax rate × Purchase price 4.9% 12·3
` ↓
˛¸ x ↓ ` ↓
˛¸ x = $10, 000 · 1+
4.5% $5 60, 12 36
× 0.049
= $10, 000 · 1 +
or 0.045 × $560, or $25.20. Thus the tax is $25.20. 12
The total price is given by the purchase price plus the sales ≈ $11, 580.07
tax: 18. Plumber: We add to find the number of jobs in 2016:

$560 + $25.20 = $585.20 705, 000 + 52, 000 = 757, 000, so we project that there will
be 757,000 jobs for plumbers in 2016. We solve an equation

12. Commission = Commission rate × Sales
to find the percent of increase, p.
C = 15% × 4200 52, 000 is what percent of 705, 000?
C = 0.15 ×4200 ` ˛¸ x
C = 630
The commission is $630. 52, 000 = p · 705, 000
13. Discount = Rate of discount × Marked price Solve. 52 000 705 000
D = 20% × $200 , p· ,
705, 000 = 705, 000
Convert 20% to decimal notation and multiply. 0.074 ≈ p
200 7.4% ≈ p
× 0. 2 (20% = 0.20 = 0.2) S = 200 − 40
4 0. 0 We subtract: 200
The discount is $40. − 40
Sale price = Marked price − Discount
The percent of increase is about 7.4%. 29,000. We solve an equation to find the percent of
Veterinary Assistant: We subtract to increase, p.
find the change: 100, 000 71, 000 = 29, 29, −
000 is what percent of 71, 000?
` ˛¸ x
000, so we project that the change will be
160
29, 000 = p · 71, 000
To check, note that the sale price is 80% of the marked
price: 0.8 × 200 = 160.
The sale price is $160.

Solve. To solve the equation we divide on both sides by 349.99.

29, 000 p · 71, 000 50 R × 349.99
= =
71, 000 71, 000 349.99 349.99
0.408 ≈ p 0.143 ≈ R
40.8% ≈ p 14.3% ≈ R
The percent of increase is about 40.8%. To check, note that a discount rate of 14.3% means that
85.7% of the original price is paid: 0.857 × 349.99 ≈
Motorcycle Repair Technician: We subtract to find the
number of jobs in 2006; 24, 000 3000− = 21, 000, sothere 299.94 ≈ 299.99. Since that is the sale price, the answer
checks.
were 21,000 jobs for motorcycle repair technicians in2006.
We solve an equation to find the percent of increase, p. The rate of discount is about 14.3%.
3000 is what percent of 21, 000?
20. We first use the formula I = P ·r t·to find the amount of
interest paid.
` ˛¸ x
1
I = P · r · t = $2704.27 · 0.163 · ≈ $36.73.
3000 = p · 21, 000 12
Solve. Then the amount by which the principal is reduced is
3000 p · 21, 000 $54 − $36.73 = $17.27.

=
21, 000 21, 000 Finally, we find that the principal after the payment is
0.143 ≈ p
$2704.27 − $17.27 = $2687.
14.3% ≈ p
21. 0.75% of what number is 300?
The percent of increase is about 14.3%.
Translate: 300 = 0.75% × b
Fitness Professional: Let n = the number of jobs in
2006. If the number of jobs increases by 26.8%, then the Solve: We divide on both sides by 0.75%:
number of jobs in 2016 represents 100% of n plus 26.8% of 300 0.75% × b

=
n, or 126.8% of n, or 1.268n. We solve an equation to find n. 0.75% 0.75%
300 = b (0.75% = 0.0075)
The number of jobs in is 298,000 0.0075

` 2006 increased by 26.8% ` ˛¸ x 40, 000 = b
˛¸ x
300 is 0.75% of 40,000. The correct answer is B.
1.268 · n = 298, 000

22. Familiarize. Let p = the price for which a realtor would
Solve. have to sell the house in order for Juan and Marie to receive
1.268 · n 298, 000 $180,000 from the sale. The realtor’s commission would be
=
1.268 1.268 7.5% · p, or 0.075 · p, and Juan and Marie would receive
n ≈ 235, 000 100% of p − 7.5% of p, or 92.5% of p, or 0.925 · p.
There were about 235,000 jobs for fitness professionals in Translate.

2006. Àmount Juan a˛ņd Marie receivex is $180, 000
We subtract to find the change; 298, 000 − 235, 000 =
63, 000, so we project that the change will be 63,000 jobs. 0.925 · p = 180, 000
19. Discount = Original price − Sale price Solve.
D = 349.99 − 299.99 0.925 · p 180, 000

=
We subtract: 3 4 9. 9 9 0.925 0.925
− 2 9 9. 9 9 p ≈ 194, 600 Rounding to the
5 0. 0 0 nearest hundred
The discount is $50. = Rate of discount50 =

Discount
Check.
7.5% of
× Original price $194, 600
= 0.075
$194, 600
= $14, 595 ·
and $194, — ≈
600
$14, 595 =
$180,
005
$180, 000.
The
answer
R × checks.
349.99 State. A realtor would need to sell the house for about
$194,600.
23. First we find the commission.
Commission = Commission rate × Sales
C = 16% × $15, 000
C = 0.16 × $15, 000
C = $2400

Cumulative Review Chapters 1 - 6 135
Now we find the amount in the account after 6 months. 2. 0.269

n·t
1+
r a) Move the decimal point two places to the right.
A=P·
n 26.9
4· 1
12% 2 b) Write a percent symbol.
= $2400 · 1+
4 0.269 = 26.9%
2
0.12
= $2400 · 1+ 3. First divide to find decimal notation.
4 1.1 2 5
= $2400 · (1 + 0.03)2 8 9.0 0 0

= $2400 · (1.03)2 8
= $2400(1.0609) 10
8
= $2546.16
20
16
40
0
9
= 1.125
1. Familiarize. Find the decrease from 2010 to 2011. 8
1 4, 7 9 4, 6 0 4 Convert to percent notation by moving the decimal point
− 1 2, 6 1 3, 1 5 3 two places to the right and writing a percent symbol.
2, 1 8 1, 4 5 1 9
= 112.5%
Now find the increase from 2011 to 2012. 8
1 3, 1 2 5, 8 2 9 13
4. = 13 ÷ 6
− 1 2, 6 1 3, 1 5 3 6
5 1 2, 6 7 6
2.1 6 6
Let d = the percent decrease and p = the percent increase. 6 1 3.0 0 0
Translate. 12
2, 181, 451 is what percent of 14, 794, 604? 10
` ˛¸ x 6
↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ 40
, 181, 451 = d · 14, 794, 604 36
2 40
512, 676 is what percent of 12, 613, 153?
` ˛¸ x 36
↓ ↓ ↓ ↓ ↓
4
512, 676 = p · 12, 613, 153
Since 4 keeps reappearing as a remainder, the digits repeat
Solve. and
2, 181, 451 = d · 14, 794, 604 13
= 2.166 .. ., or 2.16.
2, 181, 451 d · 14, 794, 604 6

=
14, 794, 604 14, 794, 604 5 5 10 50 5 · 10 5 10 10
5. = · = = = · =
0.147 ≈ d 0.5 0.5 10 5 5·1 5 1 1
14.7% ≈ d 350 km 350 km 5 · 70 km 5 70 km

6. = · = · = =
· ·
512, 676 = p · 12, 613, 153 15 hr 15 hr 3 · 5 hr 5 3 hr
512, 676 p · 12, 613, 153 70 1

= km/h, or 23 km/h, or 23.3 km/h
12, 613, 153 12, 613, 153 3 3
0.041 ≈ p 7. The LCD is 56.
4.1% ≈ p 5 · 8 = 40
7 8 56
Check. First we find 14.7% of 14,794,604: 6 7 42
0.147 × 14, 794, 604 ≈ 2, 174, 807 ≈ 2, 181, 451. · =
8 7 56
40 42 5 6
Now find 4.1% of 12,613,153: Since 40 < 42, it follows that < , so < .
0.041 × 12, 613, 153 ≈ 517, 139 ≈ 512, 676 56 56 7 8
We get the amounts of decrease and increase, so the answer 8. The LCD is 350.
6 25 150
checks. · =
14 25 350
State. The percent decrease for 2010 to 2011 was 14.7%. 15 14 210
The percent increase for 2011 to 2012 was 4.1%. · =
25 14 350

150 210 6 15 7 3
Since 150 < 210, it follows that < , so < . 19. · 7·3 7·3·1 3·7 1 1 1
= = = · = =
350 350 14 25 9 14 9 · 14 3·3·2·7 3·7 3·2 3·2 6
9. 263, 961 + 32, 090 + 127.89 ≈ 264, 000 + 32, 100 + 100 =
20. 2 3 6, 9 8 4
296, 200
× 3, 6 0 0
10. 73, 510 − 23, 450 ≈ 73, 500 − 23, 500 = 50, 000 14 21 9 0 400
71 09 5 2 000
11. 46 − [4(6 + 4 ÷ 2) + 2 × 3 − 5] 8 5 3, 1 4 2, 4 0 0
= 46 − [4(6 + 2) + 2 × 3 − 5]
21. 4 6. 0 1 2
= 46 − [4(8) + 2 × 3 − 5] × 0. 0 3
= 46 − [32 + 6 − 5] 1. 3 8 0 3 6
= 46 − [38 − 5] 3 2 33 22
22. 6
= 46 − 33 ÷4 = 5 ÷ 5
5 5
= 13 33 5
= ·
5 22
12. [0.8(1.5 − 9.8 ÷ 49) + (1 + 0.1)2] ÷ 1.5 33 · 5
=
= [0.8(1.5 − 0.2) + (1.1)2] ÷ 1.5 5 · 22
= [0.8(1.3) + 1.21] ÷ 1.5 3 · 11 · 5
=
5 · 2 · 11
= [1.04 + 1.21] ÷ 1.5 5 · 11 3
= 2.25 ÷ 1.5 = ·
5 · 11 2
.5 3 1
=1 = , or 1
6 2 2
13. 5 6 11
5 +1 = +
6 5 6 1 2.2 5
6 6 11 5 23. 3 5.2∧ 4 3 1. 2∧ 0 0
= · + · 35 2
5 6 6 5
36 55 792
= + 704
30 30
91 1 880
=
, or 3 70 4
30 30
1 7 60
1
14. 4 6. 9 0 1 7 60
0
+ 2. 8 4
4 9. 7 4 The answer is 12.25.
1 1 1 1 1 123
15. 4 8 7, 0 9 4 24. 15 1850
6, 9 3 6 15
+ 2 1, 1 2 0 35
5 1 5, 1 5 0 30
4 9 10 50
16. 5.✥
3✥ 0 0/ 45
− 3 4. 9 8 5
0. 0 2 The answer is 123 R 5.
1 2 4 2 2 25. 36 · x = 3420
17. 3 − 2 = 2
3 3 3 —2 =
3 3 36 · x =
8 6 36 36
18. 8 7 6 9
3420
− = · − · x = 95
9 7 9 7 7 9
56 54 The solution is 95.
= −
63 63 26. y + 142.87 = 151
2
= y + 142.87 − 142.87 = 151 − 142.87
63
y = 8.13
The solution is 8.13.

2 6
27. ·t = Check. We can repeat the calculation. We can also esti-
15 5 mate 30.31% × 1, 525, 104 ≈ 30% × 1, 500, 000 =
6 2 0.3 × 1, 500, 000 = 450, 000. Since 450,000 is close to
t= ÷
5 15 462,259, the answer seems reasonable.

6 15
t= · State. The total attendance at the museum was 462,259
5 2 visitors.
6 · 15 2·3·3·5
= =
5·2 5·2·1 32. Familiarize. Let n = the starting salary of a neurologist.
2·5 3·3 3·3 Neurologist’s How much Radiologist’s

= =
2·5 · 1 1 ` salary more salary
plus is
=9 ˛¸ x ` ˛¸ x ` ˛¸ x
The solution is 9.
n + 172, 500 = 350, 000
3 5 Solve. We subtract 172,500 on both sides of the equation.
28. +x =
4 6 n + 172, 500 = 350, 000
3 3 5 3
+x− = − n + 172, 500 − 172, 500 = 350, 000 − 172, 500
4 4 6 4
5 2 3 3 n = 177, 500
x=
· − · Check. Since 177, 500 + 172, 500 = 350, 000, the answer
6 2 4 3
10 9 checks.
x= −
12 12 State. A neurologist’s starting salary was $177,500 in
1 2007.
x=
12
1 33. Familiarize. Let g = the number of games that would be
The solution is .
won in the entire season.
12
y 24 Translate. We translate to a proportion.
29. = Wins → 39 g ← Wins
25 15 =
y · 15 = 25 · 24 Equating cross products Games → 49 82 ← Games
y · 15 25 · 24 Solve.
=
15 15 39 · 82 = 49 · g Equating cross products
y = 40 39 · 82 49 · g
=
The solution is 40. 49 49
65 ≈ g
16 21
30. = Check. We substitute in the proportion and check cross
n 11 products.
16 · 11 = n · 21 Equating cross products 39 65
16 · 11 n · 21 =; 39 · 82 = 3198; 49 · 65 = 3185
= 49 82
21 21
3198 ≈ 3185, so the answer checks. (Remember that we
176
=n rounded the value of g.)
21
176 State. At the given rate, the Cavaliers would win 65
The solution is .
21 games in the entire season.
31. Familiarize. Let a = the total attendance. 34. Familiarize. Let t = the price of each shirt.
Translate. We translate to an equation. Translate.
What is 30.31% of 1, 525, 104? Price per shirt times Ǹumber˛¸of shirtxs is Total price
` ˛¸ x ` ˛¸ x
a = 30.31% × 1, 525, 104 t · 5 = 424.75

Solve. We convert 30.31% to decimal notation and carry Solve.
out the multiplication. 1, 5 2 5, 1 0 4

t · 5 = 424.75 t·5 424.75
=
× 0. 3 0 3 1 5 5
1 5 2 5 104 t = 84.95
4 5 7 5 3 120
Check. Since 5 · $84.95 = $424.75, the answer checks.
457 5 3 1 2 000
4 6 2 2 5 9. 0 2 2 4 State. Each shirt cost $84.95.
Thus, a ≈ 462, 259. $14.99 1499/c = 7.495/c/oz

35. =
200 oz 200 oz

36. Familiarize. Let d = the total distance Patty walked, in Solve.

miles. 4
1 ·p = 9
Translate. 5
9
Distance Distance Total ·p = 9
to school to library distance 5
plus is
` ˛¸ x ` ˛¸ x ` ˛¸ x 9
p = 9÷
7 8 55 9 · 5
+ = d p = 9· =
10 10 9 9·1
Solve. We carry out the addition. 9 5
7 8 15 3 · 5 3 5 3 1 p= ·
+ = = = = 9 1
· 2 = 12
10 10 10 2·5 2 5 p=5
Check. We repeat the calculation. The answer checks. 4 9

1 Check. 1 · 5 = · 5 = 9, so the answer checks.
State. Patty walked 1 miles. 5 5
2
State. 5 pieces can be cut.
37. Familiarize. Let d = the number of miles represented by
3 40. Familiarize. We will solve an equation to find the per-
in. cent of increase. Then we will add to find the number of
4
Translate. We translate to a proportion. technicians in 2016.
3 Translate.
Map distance → 1 ← Map distance
= 4 110, 000 is what percent of 773, 000?
` ˛¸ x
Actual distance → 80 d ← Actual distance
Solve. 110, 000 = p · 773, 000
3
1 · d = 80 · Equating cross products Solve.
4
80 · 3 110, 000 = p · 773, 000
d= 110, 000 p · 773, 000

4 =
d = 60 773, 000 773, 000
110, 000
Check. We substitute in the proportion and check cross =p
773, 000
products.
3 0.142 ≈ p
1 3
= 4 ; 1 · 60 = 60; 80 · = 60 14.2% ≈ p
80 60 4 We add to find the number of technicians in 2016:

The cross products are the same, so the answer checks. 773, 000 + 110, 000 = 883, 000.
3
State. in. represents 60 mi. Check. We can do the addition again. If the percent of
4
increase is 14.2%, then the number of technicians in 2016

r n·t
would be 114.2% of the number in 2006:
38. A=P· 1+
n 114.2%× 773, 000 = 1.142 ×773, 000 = 882, 776 ≈ 883, 000.
The answer checks.
8% 12·5
= $8500 · 1+ State. The percent of increase is about 14.2%. There will

12
be 883,000 auto repair technicians in 2016.
0 60
= $8500 · .08 14 3 14 4 3 5 56 15 41
1+

12 41. − = · − · = − =
25 20 25 4 20 5 100 100 100
≈ $12, 663.69
Answer C is correct.
39. Familiarize. Let p = the number of pieces of ribbon that

42. We find the amount of decrease.
can be cut.
4, 4 6 8, 9 7 6
Translate. − 4, 2 8 7, 7 6 8
times is
Length of Number Total 1 8 1, 2 0 8
a piece of pieces length Now we find the percent of decrease, p.
`
˛¸ x ` ˛¸ x ` ˛¸ x
181, 208 is what percent of 4, 468, 976?
4 ` ˛¸ x
1 · p = 9
5
181, 208 = p · 4, 468, 976

181, 208 p · 4, 468, 976

=
4, 468, 976 4, 468, 976
181, 208
=p
4, 468, 976
0.041 ≈ p
4.1% ≈ p
Answer A is correct.
43. a = 50% · b
1 1
50% =
a= b 2
2
1
2·a = 2· b
2
2·a = b
200% · a = b (2 = 200%)
Thus, b is 200% of a.


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Solution Manual for Basic College Mathematics 12th Edition

by Bittinger Beecher Johnson ISBN 0321931912

26. 0.93125 10 10 10 100

RC8. = 0.8; answer (i) is correct.

7 70 3 806 806 1 806 403

4 100 100 100, 000

1 1 1 250 250 1 250 5

Gray, Black, Red: = = 15%

0.83.3 83.3% = 0.833, or 0.83 2 200 200 1 200 2

Answer (d) is correct. 3 zeros

a = $1.80 74.8 110

a = 160 RC6. = ; answer (a) is correct.

Copyright c 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

N = 20% b = 12, 500 (Answers may vary.)

N = 33.3%, or 33 % 3. We begin by writing decimal notation for each number.

32. Solve: 4 = a 5.5 55 11

100 76, 000 1000 100

Copyright c 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

Thus, 5 % = 0.05375. 18. = · = = 74%

20. Find decimal notation by division.

b) Write a percent symbol: 38.91% 100 1000

128 22.75 100 2275

Copyright c 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

0 Solve: 35 · b = 100 · $17.50

27. 25% of what is 14.5?

25% 25% N% $160

25% of 58 is 14.5. The answer is 58. N $160

Translate: 220 = p × 1320 Solve: N · 800 = 100 · 160

220 p × 1320 N · 800 100 · 160

2 4 0 0 0 00 2560 is 8 000. The answer is 2560.

Copyright c 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

0.05% = 0.0005 Percent increase or decrease: = 40%

0.05%, 0.1%, %, 1%, 5%, 10%, , 0.275, , .

35. $102,000 is what percent of $3.6 million? 25 a

0.0283 = p that it is more eﬃcient to become familiar with some

Original cost $26,800:

Copyright c 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

100 23, 977, 000

$17, 286 p 6, 081, 000

100 23, 977, 000

Cost of meal = $34 + $5.10 = $39.10 100 199.95

32. Amount of decrease: 254, 037 − 140, 490 = 113, 547

38. Number of deaths in 2006: 41, 059 + 1649 = 42, 708

100 23, 977, 000 100 42, 708

Copyright c 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

40. First we use the formula A = l × w to ﬁnd the area of the

100 510 Total price: $182.97 + $11.44 = $194.41

100 5, 363, 675 r = 4%

, 509 = p · 7, 078, 515, or =

100 8, 186, 453

Let p = the percent decrease. . .

100 9, 938, 444 Sales tax: 8.25% × $99.75 ≈ $8.23

Copyright c 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

58. p = 1.2q 30. Commission on ﬁrst $2000: C = 5% × $2000 = $100

Copyright c 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

32. Discount: D = 40% × 2000

D = $5 365 days 365

$438 = p RC6. 4 months × = year

Rate of discount: Solve 5 = r × 42.95. b) $8000 + $197.26 = $8197.26