Earthquakeresistantdesign 180401173506
Earthquakeresistantdesign 180401173506
Earthquakeresistantdesign 180401173506
RESISTANT DESIGN
PRESENTED BY:-
1. ZAKIR KHAN
2. OSAMA FAROOQUIE
B.ARCH. 2ND YEAR, 4TH SEM.
OYSTER C.O.A.
DATE: 17/03/2018
WHAT IS EARTHQUAKE?
AN EARTHQUAKE OCCURS
WHEN EARTH RELEASES ENERGY
SUDDENLY IN THE FORM OF SEISMIC
WAVES. THE TECTONIC PLATES IN THE
EARTH’S CRUST WHICH ARE ALMOST
HUNDRED KILOMETRES IN THICKNESS
GETS DISLOCATED BECAUSE OF
SEISMIC WAVES. AN EARTHQUAKE IS A STRUCTURE OF EAR
NATURAL PHENOMENON.
BUT SOMETIMES ACTIVITIES LIKE OIL DRILLING, COAL MINING,
AND CONSTRUCTION OF BIG DAMS ALSO ADD UP TO THE SEISMIC
ACTIVITY.
EARTHQUAKE INTENSITY IS MEASURED WITH THE HELP
OF SEISMOMETERS.
IT IS ALSO KNOWN AS RICHTER SCALE. A MAGNITUDE OF 3 ON
RICHTER SCALE IS INDISCERNIBLE WHEREAS A MAGNITUDE HIGHER
THAN 7 USUALLY CAUSES DAMAGE AND DESTRUCTION.
TYPES OF EARTHQUAKE
THERE ARE FOUR TYPES OF EARTHQUAKE:-
TECTONIC EARTHQUAKE.
WHEN THE EARTH'S CRUST BREAKS DUE TO GEOLOGICAL FORCES ON ROCKS
AND ADJOINING PLATES CAUSING PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL CHANGES.
VOLCANIC EARTHQUAKE.
ANY EARTHQUAKE THAT RESULTS FROM TECTONIC FORCES WHICH OCCUR IN
CONJUNCTION WITH VOLCANIC ACTIVITY.
COLLAPSE EARTHQUAKE.
SMALL EARTHQUAKES IN UNDERGROUND CAVERNS AND MINES THAT ARE
CAUSED BY SEISMIC WAVES PRODUCED FROM THE EXPLOSION OF ROCK ON THE
SURFACE.
EXPLOSION EARTHQUAKE.
AN EARTHQUAKE THAT IS THE RESULT OF THE DETONATION OF A NUCLEAR
AND/OR CHEMICAL DEVICE.
HOW EARTHQUAKE
OCCURS?
EARTHQUAKES ARE USUALLY
CAUSED WHEN UNDERGROUND ROCK
SUDDENLY BREAKS ALONG A FAULT.
FAULT IS NOTHING BUT A
CRACK OR WEAK ZONE INSIDE EARTH.
WHEN TWO BLOCKS OF ROCK RUBS
AGAINST EACH OTHER ALONG A FAULT,
THEY DON’T JUST SLIDE SMOOTHLY.
WHEN THE ROCKS BREAK, THE
EARTHQUAKE OCCURS.
TSUNAMI.
AFTERSHOCKS.
SEISMIC ZONE OF INDIA
GEOGRAPHICAL
STATISTICS OF INDIA SHOW
THAT ALMOST 54% OF THE
LAND IS VULNERABLE TO
EARTHQUAKES.
SIZE OF BUILDING
Simpler the plan,better the
performance
CONSTRUCTION
MATERIALS
‘R.C.C.’ Preferable then
P.C.C.
RESISTANCE OF A MINOR
BUILDING
1. STRONG-COLOUMN , WEAK-BEAM
2. HORIZAONTAL BAND NECESSARY THROUGHOUT THE
MASONARY
RESISTANCE OF A MINOR
BUILDING
BHUJ INCIDENT
•SOFT STOREY CONTINUE WALLS MUST BE AVOIDED IN GROUND STO
•NOT TO IGNORE STAIRCASE SLABS.
CONFIGURATION OF A BUILDING
QUALITY CONTROL
SPECIAL CARE IS NEEDED
IN CONSTRUCTION TO ENSURE
THAT THE ELEMENTS MEAN TO BE
DUCTILE ARE NEEDED TO PROVIDE
WITH FEATURES THAT GIVE
ADEQUATE DUCTILITY.
ENERGY DISSIPATION
DEVICE.
-(SEISMIC DAMPERS)
KEEPING BUILDING
BASE ISOLATION
1. INTRODUCE
FLEXIBILITY TO THE
STRUCTERS.
2. BUILDING IS RESTED
ON FLEXIBLE PADS (
BASE ISOLATORS.)
3. WHEN EARTHQUAKE
STRIKES THE
BUILDING DOES NOT
MOVES.
4. IT IS SUITABLE FOR
TYPES OF BASE
ISOLATOR
1.LEAD RUBBER BEARING.
2.SPHERICAL SLIDING
ISOLATION.
1.LEAD RUBBER BEARING.
1. FREQUENRTLY USED
FOR BASE ISOLATION.
2. MADE FROM LAYERS OF
RUBBER SANDWICHED
TOGETHER WITH
LAYERS OF STEEL.
3. VERY STIFF & STRONG
IN VERTICAL
DIRECTION.
4. FLEXIBLE IN
HORIZONTAL
DIRECTION.
2.SPHERICAL SLIDING
ISOLATION.
1. IT USESA BEARING
PADS THAT HAVE A
CURVE SURFACE &
LOW FRICTION
MATERIALS
SIMILAR TO
TEFLON.
2. DURING AN EARTHQUAKE THE BUILDING IS FREE TO
SLIDE BOTH HORIZONTALLY & VERTICALLY.
DAMPER
TYPES OF SEISMIC DAMPERS
VISCOUS DAMPERS:ENERGY IS
ABSORBED BY SILICON BASED FLUID
PASSING BETWEEN PISTON CYLINDER
ARRANGEMENT.
FRICTION DAMPERS:ENERGY
ABSORBED BY SURFACE WITH FRICTION
BETWEEN THEM RUBBING AGAINST EACH
OTHER.
YIELDING DAMPERS:ENERGY IS
ABSORBED BY METALLIC COMPONENTS
THAT YIELD.
VISCOELASTIC DAMPERS:ENERGY
IS ABSORBED BY UTILIZING THE
CONTROLLED SHEARING OF SOLIDS.
KEEPING BUILDING
UPRIGHT/UPTHRUST