Nutrition Through The Life Cycle 6th Edition Brown Test Bank Download

Chapter 06 - Nutrition During Lactation
Nutrition Through the Life Cycle 6th

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True / False
1. Human milk composition is changeable over the course of a single day.

a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
REFERENCES: Human Milk Composition
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: NTLC.BRWN.17.6.2 - Identify similarities and differences in nutrients levels between
colostrum and mature human milk, and between mature human milk, whole cow’s milk, and
human milk substitutes (infant formula).
KEYWORDS: Remember
2. Because human infants grow at a relatively slow rate, the mineral content of human milk is higher than that of other
animals that grow faster.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
KEYWORDS: Remember
3. As of 2014, breastfeeding rates were continuing to rise.

a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
REFERENCES: Optimal Duration, Influential Factors, and U.S. Goals for Breastfeeding
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: NTLC.BRWN.17.6.9 - Summarize factors known to be associated with higher and lower
rates of breastfeeding, and the gap between current rates and the Breastfeeding Goals for the
United States.
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 1
KEYWORDS: Remember
4. Breastfeeding women on a vegetarian diet tend to get plenty of protein as long as their energy intakes are adequate.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
REFERENCES: Maternal Diet
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: NTLC.BRWN.17.6.7 - First, identify the professional and government sources of nutrient
recommendations for healthy women for diet and supplements. Second, list common
nutrition diagnoses for breastfeeding women, coupled with nutrition intervention and
appropriate parameters for monitoring.
KEYWORDS: Remember
5. Breastfeeding has been found to be just as effective as other methods of birth control, such as the birth control pill.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
REFERENCES: Benefits of Breastfeeding
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: NTLC.BRWN.17.6.3 - Summarize the benefits of breastfeeding for mothers and their babies
in a manner that could be included in breastfeeding education for expecting mothers, their
partners, and family members.
KEYWORDS: Remember
6. Individual fatty acids and other milk components (oligosaccharides, gangliosides, and glycoconjugates) resulting from
digestion of human milk are antimicrobial.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
KEYWORDS: Remember
7. In the early 1900s, almost half of the infants in the U.S. were breastfed.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
United States.
KEYWORDS: Remember
8. Letdown only occurs when the infant suckles the breast.

a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
REFERENCES: Lactation Physiology
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: NTLC.BRWN.17.6.1 - Describe the development, the structure, and the functional
components of the mammary gland. Describe the key hormonal influences on development
and function.
KEYWORDS: Remember
9. The size of a woman’s breast limits her ability to store milk.

a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
REFERENCES: Breast Milk Supply and Demand
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: NTLC.BRWN.17.6.4 - Generate an education plan for new mothers that includes the answers
to common questions about milk supply, including what is typical milk production, what is
the relationship between infant demand and maternal supply, and the influence of the size of
the breast, feeding frequency, pumping, and breast surgeries on milk production.
KEYWORDS: Understand
10. Infants appear to be interested in their mother’s milk when flavors are new to them.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
KEYWORDS: Remember
Multiple Choice
11. The functional units of the mammary gland are the _____.
a. alveoli
b. secretory cells
c. myoepithelial cells
d. lobes
e. areolas
ANSWER: a
and function.
KEYWORDS: Remember
12. The cyclic release of the hormones _____ governs breast development during puberty.
a. prolactin and oxytocin
b. progesterone and estrogen

c. prolactin and estrogen

d. progesterone and oxytocin
e. testosterone and progesterone
ANSWER: b
and function.
KEYWORDS: Remember
13. The onset of milk secretion occurs during which stage of lactogenesis?
a. Lactogenesis I
b. Lactogenesis II
c. Lactogenesis III
d. Lactogenesis IV
e. Lactogenesis V
ANSWER: b
and function.
KEYWORDS: Remember
14. What hormone is produced during letdown and causes the ejection of milk from the milk glands into the milk ducts?
a. oxytocin
b. prolactin
c. estrogen
d. progesterone
e. lactogen
ANSWER: a
and function.
KEYWORDS: Remember
15. Prolactin is a hormone that _____.

a. stimulates the breast tissue to release oxytocin
b. causes milk to be secreted from the mammary gland ducts
c. decreases estrogen production
d. stimulates milk production
e. stimulates development of breast tissue
ANSWER: d

and function.
16. Lactose is a component of milk that is made in the _____ cells and secreted by _____.
a. secretory; transporter proteins
b. myoepithelial; transporter proteins
c. secretory; exocytosis
d. myoepithelial; exocytosis
e. secretory; diffusion
ANSWER: c
and function.
17. Milk fat comes from _____.

a. triglycerides from the mother’s blood only
b. new fatty acids produced in the breast only
c. triglycerides produced by the placenta only
d. triglycerides produced by the placenta and new fatty acids produced in the breast
e. triglycerides from the mother’s blood and new fatty acids produced in the breast
ANSWER: e
and function.
18. Which stimulus would be least likely to trigger the letdown reflex?
a. release of oxytocin due to suckling
b. hearing a baby cry
c. sexual arousal
d. release of prolactin-inhibiting factor from the hypothalamus
e. thinking about nursing
ANSWER: d
and function.
19. Prolactin is secreted from the _____ and causes _____.

a. hypothalamus; milk secretion by alveolar epithelial cells
b. posterior pituitary; milk secretion by alveolar epithelial cells

c. anterior pituitary; milk secretion by alveolar epithelial cells
d. posterior pituitary; contraction of myoepithelial cells surrounding alveoli
e. anterior pituitary; contraction of myoepithelial cells surrounding alveoli
ANSWER: c
and function.
20. Human milk is the only food needed by the majority of healthy infants for approximately the first _____ months.
a. 6
b. 8
c. 10
d. 12
e. 18
ANSWER: a
KEYWORDS: Remember
21. Colostrum is higher in _____ and lower in _____ than milk produced after a milk supply is established.
a. protein; carbohydrate
b. fat; protein
c. protein; fat
d. carbohydrate and fat; protein
e. protein; lactose
ANSWER: e
KEYWORDS: Remember
22. What nutrient is predominant in human milk?

a. water
b. fat
c. protein
d. fiber
e. carbohydrate
ANSWER: a

KEYWORDS: Remember
23. The dominant carbohydrate in human milk is _____.

a. galactose
b. glucose
c. lactose
d. sucrose
e. maltose
ANSWER: c
KEYWORDS: Remember
24. The major class of protein found in mature human milk is _____.
a. whey
b. casein
c. lactose
d. maltose
e. colostrum
ANSWER: b
KEYWORDS: Remember
25. The concentration of proteins synthesized in the breast is more affected by the _____.
a. age of the infant
b. amount of protein in the mother’s diet
c. hormone variation in the mother
d. age of the mother
e. caloric intake by the mother
ANSWER: a
KEYWORDS: Remember
26. Which component of milk prevents the binding of pathogenic microorganisms to the surface receptors of their target
cell, thereby preventing infection?
a. nucleic acids
b. oligosaccharides
c. whey proteins
d. DHA
e. cholesterol
ANSWER: b
KEYWORDS: Remember
27. The level of _____ in human milk can be altered by the mother’s diet.
a. manganese
b. molybdenum
c. nickel
d. selenium
e. fluoride
ANSWER: e
KEYWORDS: Remember
28. Shelly is a 25-year-old breastfeeding mom who is trying to lose weight. Her OBGYN has suggested that she go on a
very-low-fat diet (˜15% of calories) to help with weight loss. How will this change the fat composition of her breast milk?
a. It will not change the fat composition at all.
b. Her breast milk will contain more very-long-chain fatty acids.
c. Her breast milk will contain more saturated fatty acids.
d. Her breast milk will contain more medium-chain fatty acids.
e. Her breast milk will contain more cholesterol.
ANSWER: d
KEYWORDS: Apply
29. The hormone responsible for uterine contractions and the minimization of maternal postpartum blood loss is _____.
a. prolactin
b. oxytocin
c. estrogen
d. progesterone
e. testosterone

ANSWER: b
KEYWORDS: Remember
30. Which benefit is least likely to occur as a result of breastfeeding?

a. minimized postpartum blood loss
b. return of uterus to nonpregnant size
c. decreased risk of breast and ovarian cancer in younger nursing mothers
d. increased self-confidence in the mother
e. increased fertility
ANSWER: e
31. One of the nutritional benefits of breastfeeding is that _____.

a. human milk contains few protein-bound minerals, making it more digestible for the infant
b. the balance of nutrients in human milk matches requirements needed for human growth
c. infants need no additional fluids other than water when breastfeeding
d. human milk provides very low amounts of lipids
e. the high protein content of human milk provides immature kidneys with nitrogen
ANSWER: b
32. Breast milk is isosmotic, which means breast milk _____.

a. contains milk proteins
b. has an ion concentration similar to plasma
c. has the same ion concentration as human milk substitutes
d. has a greater ion concentration than human milk substitutes
e. contains high amounts of minerals
ANSWER: b

33. Which component of human milk forms a soft, easily digestible curd?
a. copper
b. vitamin K
c. whey
d. casein
e. iron
ANSWER: c
KEYWORDS: Remember
34. The predominant secretory immunoglobin in human milk is _____.

a. sIgA
b. sIgE
c. sIgG
d. sIgM
e. sIgD
ANSWER: a
KEYWORDS: Remember
35. Which component of human milk carries out phagocytosis of bacteria and production of complement proteins?
a. whey
b. epithelial cells
c. macrophages
d. B-lymphocytes
e. immunoglobins
ANSWER: c
KEYWORDS: Remember
36. Breastfeeding to any duration and to any extent reduces the risk of _____.
a. vitamin D deficiency
b. phenylketonuria
c. adult obesity
d. sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)
e. weight gain in the mother

ANSWER: d
KEYWORDS: Remember
37. Which statement explains the difference between morbidity rates and mortality rates?
a. Morbidity is the rate of death in a population; mortality is the rate of illness.
b. Morbidity is the rate of illness in a population; mortality is the rate of death.
c. Morbidity is the obesity rate in a population; morality is the rate of illness.
d. Morbidity is the obesity rate in a population; mortality is the rate of death.
e. Morbidity is the rate of infant deaths in a population; mortality is the rate of adult deaths.
ANSWER: b
38. Which statement correctly describes milk production?

a. The amount of milk produced is the same regardless of the number of infants being nursed.
b. Milk production is triggered only when the breast is empty of milk.
c. Women with smaller breasts have a reduced capacity for milk production.
d. Milk production is highest in the days following birth and decreases thereafter.
e. Milk production is triggered by the removal of milk from the breast.
ANSWER: e
39. A petite Southeastern Asian woman was not planning to breastfeed because she felt her breasts were so small that they
would not produce enough milk. What information would be the best for her to know?
a. Inadequate food intake by the mother decreases the quantity of milk, not the quality.
b. Small breasts would be able to meet infant demands. However, since they store less milk, more feedings may
be required.
c. Eating a rice and fruit diet would best support adequate milk production.
d. Drinking more water and milk products would make up for the smaller breast tissue.
e. If she chooses to breastfeed, she must also use a human milk supplement to ensure her infant receives enough
milk.
ANSWER: b

KEYWORDS: Apply
40. Women who pump milk _____.

a. are only able to pump one breast at a time
b. may increase prolactin expression by hand pumping rather than electric pumping
c. on average require 3 pumping sessions per day to stimulate adequate milk production
d. are encouraged to pump early and often to obtain an adequate milk supply
e. are less likely to experience insufficient milk production than women who breastfeed
ANSWER: d
41. To avoid damage to the ductal system, which incision would you recommend for a woman undergoing breast
reduction surgery?
a. an incision around the lower part of the breast only
b. an incision in the middle of the breast only
c. an incision around the nipple (periareolar incision)
d. an incision around the lower part of the breast or around the nipple
e. The type of incision has no effect on the ductal system or a woman’s subsequent ability to breastfeed.
ANSWER: a
KEYWORDS: Apply
42. Anecdotal reports indicate that breast may leak milk at as early as _____ of pregnancy.
a. 20 days
b. 3 months
c. 60 days
d. 4 months
e. 20 weeks
ANSWER: e
REFERENCES: The Breastfeeding Process
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: NTLC.BRWN.17.6.5 - Describe maternal steps to prepare the breast, and the basic position
of the infant at the breast.
43. Latching on refers to the _____.
a. infant grasping the mother’s breast with her hand before beginning to suckle
b. mother holding her nipple in the correct position for the infant to breastfeed
c. the infant smacking and slurping when attached to the nipple
d. minerals in human milk attaching to proteins, increasing their availability to the infant
e. mother centering the nipple in her infant’s mouth
ANSWER: e
KEYWORDS: Remember
44. The mother should hear _____ sounds when the infant is breastfeeding and in the proper position.
a. swallowing
b. coughing
c. smacking
d. clicking
e. little or no
ANSWER: a
KEYWORDS: Remember
45. Which reflexes help the infant position herself to be breastfed?

a. gagging reflex and rooting reflex
b. oral search reflex and rooting reflex
c. oral search reflex and feeding reflex
d. gagging reflex and rooting reflex
e. feeding reflex and rooting reflex
ANSWER: b
REFERENCES: The Breastfeeding Infant
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: NTLC.BRWN.17.6.6 - Describe infant behaviors that indicate readiness to feed, and vitamin
supplement recommendations for breastfeeding infants.
KEYWORDS: Remember
46. Hunger is initially indicated when infants _____.

a. cry
b. bring their hands to their mouth and suck on them
c. move their heads from side to side with their mouths closed
d. reach for their mother
e. burp
ANSWER: b

KEYWORDS: Remember
47. Women should allow infants to drain one breast completely before offering the other breast primarily to _____.
a. allow the infant to get more foremilk, which may decrease incidence of diarrhea
b. allow the infants to get both foremilk and hindmilk, possibly decreasing diarrhea
c. ensure the child does not drink too much milk
d. prevent excess gas from forming
e. allow the mother to store more milk in the second breast for later feedings
ANSWER: b
48. Normally, newborn infants receive _____ feedings per day.

a. 3-4
b. 5-7
c. 8-9
d. 10-12
e. 13-14
ANSWER: d
KEYWORDS: Remember
49. Hindmilk has a _____ content than foremilk.

a. lower calorie and higher lactose
b. higher lactose and higher fat
c. higher fat and higher calorie
d. higher calorie and higher lactose
e. lower fat and higher calorie
ANSWER: c
KEYWORDS: Remember
50. A baby who is not given vitamin K at birth may have _____.
a. excessive bleeding due to a lack of blood clotting
b. decreased calcium absorption
c. increased incidence of colic
d. increased incidence of diarrhea
e. decreased hunger
ANSWER: a
REFERENCES: The Breastfeeding Infant | Human Milk Composition
51. Exclusively breastfed infants should receive a supplement for _____.

a. vitamin K only
b. vitamin D only
c. iron only
d. fluoride and vitamin D
e. vitamin D and vitamin K
ANSWER: e
KEYWORDS: Remember
52. The 2005 DRI for lactating women is _____ additional kcal per day to support 0.8 kg per month weight loss during
the first 6 months.
a. 200
b. 330
c. 500
d. 650
e. unlimited
ANSWER: b
KEYWORDS: Remember
53. Which statement correctly describes maternal energy balance and milk composition?
a. Protein-calorie malnutrition usually compromises the composition of milk.
b. Milk production stops whenever there is a negative calorie balance.
c. Milk production can occur regardless of the calorie balance of the mother.
d. Protein-calorie malnutrition results in an energy deficit that reduces the volume of milk.
e. A high-fat diet greatly changes the protein and carbohydrate content of milk compared with a normal diet.
ANSWER: d
KEYWORDS: Remember
54. A health care professional was asked by a nursing mom, “How many glasses of water should I drink a today?” What
would be an appropriate recommendation?
a. 6-8 glasses
b. 8-10 glasses
c. 10-12 glasses
d. more than 12 glasses
e. Drink enough fluids to keep your urine pale yellow.
ANSWER: e
KEYWORDS: Apply
55. Healthy People 2020 has breastfeeding objectives focusing on _____.

a. increasing the proportion of breastfed infants
b. increasing the duration of breastfeeding
c. decreasing the duration of breastfeeding
d. increasing the proportion of breastfed infants and increasing the duration of breastfeeding
e. increasing the proportion of breastfed infants but decreasing the duration of breastfeeding
ANSWER: d
United States.
56. Based on a Breastfeeding Report Card, breastfeeding rates are lower in _____.
a. Alaska
b. Idaho
c. Alabama
d. Utah
e. Wyoming
ANSWER: c
United States.
KEYWORDS: Remember
57. An urban community wants to decrease ethnic and racial disparities in early postpartum breastfeeding rates. Which
ethnic group would most likely have the greatest potential for increased breastfeeding rates?
a. African American women
b. White women
c. Hispanic women
d. Asian women
e. Latina women
ANSWER: a
United States.
KEYWORDS: Apply
58. Among the key barriers to breastfeeding as identified by the 2011 Surgeon General’s Call to Action to Support
Breastfeeding are _____.
a. overconfident mothers
b. lack of research on breastfeeding benefits
c. the milk industry
d. poor family and social support
e. obesity in exclusively breastfed children
ANSWER: d
United States.
59. Which agency or organization administers the Maternity Practices in Infant Nutrition and Care Survey?
a. U.S. Surgeon General
b. Health Resources and Services Administration
c. UCLA Center for Healthier Children
d. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
e. Wellstart International
ANSWER: d
United States.
60. With regard to breastfeeding on the job, current federal law _____.
a. prohibits a woman from being fired if she breastfeeds while on a break
b. ensures a woman’s right to breastfeed at authorized locations on federal property
c. prohibits a woman from being fired if she breastfeeds while at lunch
d. provides tax credits to employers who provide lactation services
e. establishes minimum standards for breast pump safety
ANSWER: b

REFERENCES: Breastfeeding Promotion, Facilitation, and Support

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: NTLC.BRWN.17.6.8 - Identify at least two breastfeeding promotion programs that have
demonstrated effectiveness at increasing breastfeeding initiation and duration.
61. The Innocenti Declaration adopted by the World Health Organization has a global goal of breastfeeding from birth to
_____ months of age for optimal maternal and child health.
a. 1-2
b. 3-4
c. 4-6
d. 7-9
e. 10-12
ANSWER: c
KEYWORDS: Remember
62. Hospital support of breastfeeding allows mothers at least _____ of interrupted time to start breastfeeding her newborn.
a. 30 minutes
b. 1 hour
c. 6 hours
d. 12 hours
e. 24 hours
ANSWER: a
KEYWORDS: Remember
A young woman comes into your office for a lactation consultation complaining that her 1-month-old baby has colic and
slow weight gain. Her baby requires 6 to 7 diaper changes each day and suffers from diarrhea. She tells you she allows the
baby to nurse equally on each breast so that she does not feel “overfull”; she is desperate for help and asks your advice on
what to do. A 24-hour diet history provides the following information about her eating habits.
Breakfast: cereal, milk, banana, and walnut pieces; sometimes she has eggs
Lunch: peanut butter sandwich, salad, and grapes with a glass of milk
Dinner: fish or chicken, vegetables, potato or rice, applesauce, and milk
Snacks: change daily, but she likes trail mix because it is easy to eat when nursing
63. What would the best advice be for this woman?

a. Allow your baby to nurse on one breast until it is completely empty.
b. Increase you intake of fats; this will increase fat content in the milk and help the baby gain weight.
c. Stop nursing immediately and use an infant formula so your baby starts growing.
d. Use supplemental infant formula after each feeding because the baby is not getting enough to eat.
e. Increase your intake of nuts because the baby is not receiving enough protein.
ANSWER: a

KEYWORDS: Apply
64. What is likely happening to this baby and causing the diarrhea?
a. The baby is not latched on properly.
b. The mother is not producing enough breast milk.
c. The baby is getting too much foremilk and not enough hindmilk.
d. The baby has a poor suckle.
e. The baby is lactose intolerant.
ANSWER: c
KEYWORDS: Apply
65. After looking at her diet, what changes could you suggest to help with the baby’s colic?
a. Eliminate all fruit except canned fruit, and include nuts.
b. Eliminate nuts only, but not dairy products.
c. Eliminate dairy products, but not nuts.
d. Eliminate nuts and dairy products.
e. Eliminate all fruit except canned fruit, nuts, and dairy products.
ANSWER: d
KEYWORDS: Apply
Matching
Matching
a. Cells in the milk gland that are responsible for secreting milk components into the ducts
b. Rounded or oblong-shaped cavities in the breast
c. Rounded structures of the mammary gland
d. Milk at the end of feeding that contains a higher amount of human milk fat
e. Milk at the beginning of a feeding that contains a lower amount of human milk fat
f. Specialized cells that line the alveoli and contract to cause milk to be secreted into the duct
g. One of the primary proteins present in colostrum
h. Hormone secreted by the pituitary that causes milk letdown
i. Hormone secreted by the pituitary that stimulates milk production
j. The thick, yellow fluid produced in the first 2-3 days after birth, high in protein
k. Human milk production

and function.
KEYWORDS: Remember
66. Prolactin
ANSWER: i
67. Oxytocin
ANSWER: h
68. Alveoli
ANSWER: b
69. Secretory cells

ANSWER: a
70. Myoepithelial cells

ANSWER: f
71. Lobes
ANSWER: c
72. Lactogenesis
ANSWER: k
Matching
a. Cells in the milk gland that are responsible for secreting milk components into the ducts
b. Rounded or oblong-shaped cavities in the breast
c. Rounded structures of the mammary gland
d. Milk at the end of feeding that contains a higher amount of human milk fat
e. Milk at the beginning of a feeding that contains a lower amount of human milk fat
f. Specialized cells that line the alveoli and contract to cause milk to be secreted into the duct
g. One of the primary proteins present in colostrum
h. Hormone secreted by the pituitary that causes milk letdown
i. Hormone secreted by the pituitary that stimulates milk production
j. The thick, yellow fluid produced in the first 2-3 days after birth, high in protein
k. Human milk production
KEYWORDS: Remember
73. Colostrum
ANSWER: j
74. Secretory immunoglobulin A

ANSWER: g
75. Foremilk
ANSWER: e
76. Hindmilk
ANSWER: d
Subjective Short Answer
77. Identify three reflexes of healthy term infants. Discuss how these reflexes help infants nourish themselves.
ANSWER: The gag reflex is the reflex that prevents taking food and fluids into the lungs. This reflex is
developed by 28 weeks’ gestation. These reflexes allow term infants to suck and swallow in a
coordinated pattern that protects the airways. The oral search reflex is described as the infant
opening his or her mouth wide in proximity to the breast while thrusting the tongue forward.
The rooting reflex results in the infant turning to the side when stimulated on the side of the
upper or lower lip. Infants come forward, open their mouth, and extend the tongue when the
center of either the upper or lower lip is stimulated. The oral search reflex and rooting reflex
help the infant position herself for breastfeeding.
78. Describe how infant suckling leads to milk secretion from the mammary glands.
ANSWER: The letdown reflex stimulates milk release from the breast. The stimuli from the infant
suckling are passed through nerves to the hypothalamus, which responds by promoting
oxytocin release from the posterior pituitary gland. The oxytocin causes contraction of the
myoepithelial cells surrounding the secretory cells. As a result, milk is released through the
ducts, making it available to the infant.
and function.
79. Define the term infant colic and explain what can be done to alleviate the condition.
ANSWER: Infant colic is defined as crying for more than three hours a day when the cause is not a
medical problem. It is widely believed that components of maternal diet are related to infant
colic. Women should be encouraged to exclude only those foods that seem to cause problems
and to be careful to replace nutrients that might be lost by avoiding classes of foods. For
example, excluding dairy foods may limit calcium and vitamin D intake.

80. Describe how the WIC program supports breastfeeding.
ANSWER: In 1989, Congress mandated (Public Law 101–147) a specific portion of each state’s WIC
budget allocation to be used exclusively for the promotion and support of breastfeeding. This
law authorized the use of WIC administrative funds to purchase breastfeeding aids such as
breast pumps. Through this legislation, each state has a breastfeeding coordinator and a plan
to coordinate operations with local agency programs for breastfeeding promotion. The WIC
has always supported breastfeeding, but in
1995 it began to reposition breastfeeding as a way for a family to establish a special
relationship with their child from the very onset of his or her life using a social marketing
campaign called Best Start. The campaign slogan, “Loving Support Makes Breastfeeding
Work,” capitalizes on the concept that everyone is important to women’s breastfeeding
success—family, friends, doctors, and the community. Campaign materials and a counseling
program were developed to help mothers work through individual barriers and constraints to
breastfeeding. The key messages are (1) helping women feel comfortable with breastfeeding,
(2) tips on how breastfeeding can work around a busy schedule, and (3) the involvement of
family and friends to make breastfeeding a success. Since 1997, the Loving Support Makes
Breastfeeding Work campaign has expanded to 72 state agencies, Indian tribal organizations,
and territories participating at various levels.
REFERENCES: Public Food and Nutrition Programs| Model Breastfeeding Promotion Programs
United States.

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Chapter 06 - Nutrition During Lactation

Nutrition Through the Life Cycle 6th

Test Bank: https://testbankpack.com/p/test-bank-for-

Solution Manual: https://testbankpack.com/p/solution-manual-

1. Human milk composition is changeable over the course of a single day.

3. As of 2014, breastfeeding rates were continuing to rise.

8. Letdown only occurs when the infant suckles the breast.

9. The size of a woman’s breast limits her ability to store milk.

Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 3

c. prolactin and estrogen

15. Prolactin is a hormone that _____.

Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 4

17. Milk fat comes from _____.

19. Prolactin is secreted from the _____ and causes _____.

b. posterior pituitary; milk secretion by alveolar epithelial cells

22. What nutrient is predominant in human milk?

Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 6

23. The dominant carbohydrate in human milk is _____.

Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 8

30. Which benefit is least likely to occur as a result of breastfeeding?

31. One of the nutritional benefits of breastfeeding is that _____.

32. Breast milk is isosmotic, which means breast milk _____.

Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 9

34. The predominant secretory immunoglobin in human milk is _____.

Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 10

38. Which statement correctly describes milk production?

Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 11

40. Women who pump milk _____.

45. Which reflexes help the infant position herself to be breastfed?

46. Hunger is initially indicated when infants _____.

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48. Normally, newborn infants receive _____ feedings per day.

49. Hindmilk has a _____ content than foremilk.

51. Exclusively breastfed infants should receive a supplement for _____.

55. Healthy People 2020 has breastfeeding objectives focusing on _____.

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REFERENCES: Breastfeeding Promotion, Facilitation, and Support

63. What would the best advice be for this woman?

REFERENCES: The Breastfeeding Infant

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69. Secretory cells

70. Myoepithelial cells

74. Secretory immunoglobulin A

Subjective Short Answer

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19. Prolactin is secreted from the _ and causes _.