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Chapter 6—Sexual Arousal and Response
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. The fact that some women have claimed to experience orgasm while listening to their favorite
musician at a concert can be attributed to:
a. the vibration of their chairs as a result of the amplified sound.
b. an excess of estrogen intake, probably as the result of being on birth control pills.
c. the capacity of their brains to engage in fantasy.
d. being on antidepressant medication.
ANS: C REF: The Brain and Sexual Arousal OBJ: 06-01
MSC: TYPE: Application
2. Mental events like fantasies are the product of the ____, the gray matter in the brain that controls
reasoning and language abilities.
a. cerebral cortex
b. septal area
c. limbic system
d. hippocampus
ANS: A REF: The Brain and Sexual Arousal OBJ: 06-01
MSC: TYPE: Factual
3. Sexual practices are interwoven with the spiritual traditions of Hinduism, Buddhism, and Taoism in
some Asian societies, and the primary goal of sexual interaction is:
a. multiple orgasms.
b. the extension of sexual arousal for long periods of time, often several hours.
c. ejaculation of fluid from the urethral opening.
d. the mere achievement of orgasm.
ANS: B REF: The Brain and Sexual Arousal OBJ: 06-01
MSC: TYPE: Factual NOT: NEW
4. Which of the following structures is NOT a part of the limbic system?

a. cerebral cortex
b. hippocampus
c. amygdala
d. hypothalamus
MSC: TYPE: Factual
5. The effects of electrical stimulation of certain parts of the human hypothalamus:

a. have not been studied because of ethical reasons.
b. strengthen the conclusion that we should not make use of animal research when talking
about humans.
c. have been reported to produce sexual arousal, sometimes culminating in orgasm.
d. have led to the conclusion that this is the sex center of the brain.
MSC: TYPE: Factual
6. The neurotransmitter ____ tends to facilitate sexual arousal and pleasure, while ____ appears to inhibit
sexual activity.
a. serotonin; dopamine
b. SSRI; serotonin
c. dopamine; serotonin
d. dopamine; oxytocin
MSC: TYPE: Factual
7. David takes an antidepressant medication that increases the availability of serotonin in the brain.
Which of the following is likely to be true?
a. He will notice a big increase in his sex drive.
b. He will notice a decrease in his orgasmic capacity.
c. He probably won't notice any change in his sexual desire or performance.
d. His levels of dopamine will be increased in response to the increase in levels of serotonin.
ANS: B REF: The Brain and Sexual Arousal OBJ: 06-01
MSC: TYPE: Factual
8. Human sexual arousal and response:

a. are probably determined by both psychosocial factors and biological factors.
b. are probably more determined by hormonal influences than other factors.
c. are probably more determined by sensory and central nervous system factors than others.
d. are apparently more determined by psychosocial factors in women and hormonal factors in
men.
MSC: TYPE: Factual
9. Testosterone is known to stimulate the release of:

a. serotonin in the MPOA in males only.
b. dopamine in the MPOA in females only.
c. serotonin in the MPOA in both males and females.
d. dopamine in the MPOA in both males and females.
ANS: D REF: The Brain and Sexual Arousal OBJ: 06-07
10. Oral sex is likely to be viewed as unnatural or disgusting in:
a. much of the Western world.
b. industrialized nations of Asia.
c. Africa (with the exception of northern regions).
d. island societies of the South Pacific.
11. With respect to odors and sexual arousal, which one is NOT true?
a. Pheromones are an example of odors related to reproductive functions.
b. The near obsession many people in our society have with masking natural body odors
makes it difficult to study the effects of these smells.
c. The odor of genital secretions serves as a sexual stimulant for most people.
d. Each person’s unique experiences allow certain smells to acquire erotic significance.
ANS: C REF: The Senses and Sexual Arousal OBJ: 06-02
MSC: TYPE: Factual
12. Current research evidence seems to indicate that humans do secrete ____, yet it is still uncertain
whether or not they act as sexual attractants.
a. pheromones
b. olfactory hormones
c. libidinal compounds
d. vomeronasal peptides
ANS: A REF: The Senses and Sexual Arousal OBJ: 06-02
MSC: TYPE: Factual
13. Of the main senses, ____ tends to predominate during sexual intimacy.
a. taste
b. touch
c. smell
d. vision
ANS: B REF: The Senses and Sexual Arousal OBJ: 06-02
MSC: TYPE: Factual
14. The mouth and the genitals are examples of ____ erogenous zones, while the upper and lower back are
examples of ____ erogenous zones.
a. primary; secondary
b. secondary; primary
c. sensate; affectional
d. affectional; sensate
MSC: TYPE: Factual
15. The breasts, inner thighs, neck, and mouth are all examples of:
a. primary erogenous zones.
b. secondary erogenous zones.
c. "pleasure centers."
d. "G" spots.
MSC: TYPE: Factual
16. The back of the knees is an example of a:

a. primary erogenous zone.
b. secondary erogenous zone.
c. "pleasure center."
d. "G" spot.
MSC: TYPE: Factual
17. If a person's shoulder were consistently stroked during each pleasurable sexual experience, it would
soon become a source of sexual arousal. This part of the body would then be MOST appropriately
labeled a:
a. primary erogenous zone.
b. secondary erogenous zone.
c. “G” spot.
d. “pleasure center.”
18. When women view visual erotica, ratings of sexual arousal are likely to be higher when:
a. old style "porn" films are used.
b. arousal is measured using physiological recording devices.
c. arousal is measured by self reports.
d. films are made by female directors.
MSC: TYPE: Factual
19. Which of the following BEST describes how men and women respond sexually to visual erotica?
a. When measured by self-reports, men respond more than women; when measured
physiologically, both men and women have similar responses.
b. When measured by self-reports, men respond more than women; when measured
physiologically, women respond more than men.
c. When measured by self-reports, men and women have similar responses; when measured
physiologically, men respond more than women.
d. When measured by self-reports, women respond more than men; when measured
physiologically, men respond more than women.
MSC: TYPE: Factual
20. Miguel has been experiencing both a delay and a decrease in his level of sexual arousal. Which of the
following would MOST likely contribute to this?
a. using LSD
b. smoking high-nicotine cigarettes
c. using Cantharides
d. taking L-dopa
ANS: B REF: Aphrodisiacs and Anaphrodisiacs in Sexual Arousal
OBJ: 06-05 MSC: TYPE: Application
21. Many antihypertensives, drugs used for treating high blood pressure, have been experimentally
demonstrated to:
a. increase sexual interest in both sexes.
b. increase the intensity of orgasm in female subjects.
c. seriously inhibit erection and ejaculation.
d. increase the intensity of orgasm in male subjects.
ANS: C REF: Aphrodisiacs and Anaphrodisiacs in Sexual Arousal
OBJ: 06-05 MSC: TYPE: Factual
22. Unfortunately, the rhinoceros population in Africa has dwindled to the point of near extinction, largely
as a result of the erroneous belief that rhinoceros horn is a(n):
a. estrogen replacement.
b. effective aphrodisiac.
c. androgen-blocking drug.
d. cure for hypogonadism.
OBJ: 06-02 MSC: TYPE: Factual NOT: NEW
23. Which of the following statements is FALSE?

a. Significant amounts of alcohol can negatively affect sexual functioning.
b. Cocaine is a known aphrodisiac.
c. Antihypertensives may reduce sexual interest in both men and women.
d. SSRIs may decrease sexual desire and functioning.
24. Which of the following foods is sometimes considered an aphrodisiac?

a. kale
b. strawberry
c. ginseng root
d. apple
25. A great deal of evidence indicates that regular use of opiates, such as heroin, morphine, and
methadone, often produces a significant, and sometimes dramatic, ____.
a. priapism
b. spontaneous orgasm
c. decrease in sexual interest and activity in both sexes
d. increase in sexual interest and activity in both sexes
26. A rare side effect, spontaneous orgasm, has been documented in both women and men who are taking:
a. antipsychotic drugs.
b. antidepressant medications.
c. tranquilizers.
d. antihypertensives.
27. Which one is NOT true of aphrodisiacs?

a. Alcohol is one of the readily available and inexpensive aphrodisiacs.
b. Foods that resemble male genitalia have often been tried as aphrodisiacs.
c. Marijuana has erroneously been reported to stimulate sexual desire.
d. The term derives from the name of the Greek goddess of love.
ANS: A REF: Aphrodisiacs and Anaphrodisiacs in Sexual Arousal
28. Which of the following drugs may eventually be shown to have aphrodisiac qualities for at least some
people?
a. amphetamines
b. L-dopa
c. cantharides
d. yohimbine hydrochloride
ANS: D REF: Aphrodisiacs and Anaphrodisiacs in Sexual Arousal
29. Which of the following statements concerning yohimbine hydrochloride is FALSE?

a. It is derived from the sap of a tree.
b. It increases physiologically measured sexual arousal in postmenopausal women who
report below-normal levels of sexual desire.
c. Several recent studies with male humans suggest that yohimbine treatment has the
capacity to positively affect sexual desire and response.
d. It is now illegal in some states.
30. Which of the following has been known to induce priapism (constant, unwanted erection)?
a. amyl nitrate
b. marijuana
c. cantharides
d. L-dopa
31. Cantharides ("Spanish fly") has which of the following effects on sexual arousal?
a. It increases blood flow to the labia and clitoris.
b. It irritates and inflames the lining of the urethra and bladder.
c. It increases the release of oxytocin.
d. It stimulates the release of testosterone by the adrenal glands.
32. Substances known to inhibit sexual behavior are called:

a. anaphrodisiacs.
b. antierectiles.
c. potassium nitrates.
d. pheromones.
ANS: A REF: Aphrodisiacs and Anaphrodisiacs in Sexual Arousal
33. Nicotine slows sexual motivation and function by:

a. dilating the blood vessels.
b. impairing hypothalamic and pituitary functioning.
c. constricting the blood vessels and possibly decreasing testosterone in the blood.
d. increasing production of androgens.
34. ____ is sometimes referred to as the "love" hormone.

a. Testosterone
b. Androgen
c. Oxytocin
d. Estrogen
ANS: C REF: The Role of Hormones in Sexual Behavior
35. Sam was diagnosed with hypogonadism at the age of seven years. Which of the following is MOST
likely to be true of Sam?
a. He would have had physically abnormal genitals at birth.
b. The development of his secondary sex characteristics is likely to be retarded.
c. He will likely have a higher than normal sex drive at puberty.
d. He will likely develop normally as this condition has no direct effect on physical
development.
ANS: B REF: The Role of Hormones in Sexual Behavior
36. One of the problems in using drugs such as Depo-Provera to treat sex offenders is that:
a. its effect on reducing testosterone circulation is highly variable.
b. its use may be associated with increased risk of prostate cancer.
c. many sexual assaults occur as the result of nonsexual motives.
d. while it has been used successfully in Europe, it has not met with FDA approval in the
United States.
37. Which of the following is NOT true of oxytocin?

a. It is sometimes referred to as the "snuggle" chemical.
b. It is often found in reduced levels in autistic children.
c. It is secreted during orgasm.
d. Its release is most powerfully triggered by the sense of touch.
38. Which of the following statements is TRUE?
a. Women have less testosterone than men but are more sensitive to it than men are.
b. Men and women have similar levels of testosterone but men are more sensitive to it, so
they tend to have stronger sex drives than women.
c. Raising the level of testosterone above a normal range in men and women increases the
sexual motivation in both sexes.
d. As men and women age, testosterone levels decline precipitously, particularly in men.
ANS: A REF: The Role of Hormones in Sexual Behavior
39. Even though women produce less testosterone than men, this does not mean that they have lower sex
drives. This is BEST explained by which of the following statements?
a. Women produce more unbound testosterone than men.
b. Women's adrenal glands secrete free testosterone.
c. Women's body cells are more sensitive to testosterone than men's.
d. Women’s sex drive is determined entirely by estrogen levels.
40. Oxytocin is produced in the:

a. hypothalamus.
b. pituitary gland.
c. gonads.
d. adrenal glands in the female and the testes in the male.
41. Which of the following BEST summarizes the role of oxytocin in both male and female sexual
behavior?
a. It is secreted during orgasm and heightens orgasmic response.
b. It is only secreted during pregnancy in the female, and only during foreplay in the male.
c. It helps to intensify the sense of vision in both sexes.
d. It is secreted during cuddling and physical intimacy and increases the skin's sensitivity to
touch.
ANS: D REF: The Role of Hormones in Sexual Behavior
42. A low testosterone level in men would be MOST likely to have which of the following effects?
a. little interest in sexual activity
b. difficulty in achieving and maintaining erections
c. problems with premature ejaculation
d. problems with ejaculatory inhibition
43. The medical term for castration is:

a. vasectomy.
b. cryptorchidism.
c. prostatectomy.
d. orchidectomy.
44. Which of the following statements regarding testosterone is FALSE?

a. Diminished energy levels may sometimes be associated with testosterone deficiency.
b. Testosterone deficiency may result in decreased genital sexual pleasure for men.
c. Women experience a loss of testosterone after menopause or surgical removal of the
ovaries.
d. Men, but not women, may experience increased sexual desire with remedial administration
of testosterone.
45. When hormone replacement therapy is administered to hypogonadal men, ____.

a. sexual interest and activity decline
b. sexual interest and activity often increase
c. sexual interest and activity remain the same
d. the results are highly variable but most are unaffected
46. Excess testosterone can stimulate the growth of preexisting:

a. prostate cancer.
b. testicular cancer.
c. penile cancer.
d. colon cancer.
OBJ: 06-09 MSC: TYPE: Application NOT: NEW
47. Under which of the following circumstances would testosterone replacement therapy probably be
LEAST appropriate?
a. when a woman goes through menopause
b. when a woman has her ovaries removed
c. when a woman has noticed decreased sexual desire, less intense orgasms, and diminished
energy levels
d. when a woman is satisfied with her level of sexual desire and responsiveness
48. Which of the following is a common sign of testosterone deficiency in both sexes?
a. depressed mood
b. decreased fat mass
c. increased muscle mass and strength
d. increased body hair
49. Autistic children, who commonly exhibit a reduced ability to form social attachments and express
love, often have significantly reduced levels of:
a. oxytocin.
b. testosterone.
c. dopamine.
d. prolactin.
50. Androgens and estrogens belong to the general class of hormones called:
a. gonadotropins.
b. testosterones.
c. steroids.
d. neuropeptides.
OBJ: 06-06 | 06-07 MSC: TYPE: Factual
51. In men, the primary source of androgens is the ____, while the ____ is/are where the remaining
androgens are produced.
a. Cowper's gland; hypothalamus
b. testes; adrenal glands
c. adrenal glands; hypothalamus
d. testes; hypothalamus
52. If hypogonadism occurs before puberty:

a. maturation of the primary and secondary sex characteristics will be retarded.
b. the testicles will become infected and swell.
c. orchidectomy is usually indicated.
d. the results are more variable than if this condition occurs in adulthood.
53. Information on the impact of testosterone on male sexuality has been obtained from all of the
following EXCEPT:
a. research involving the use of Depo-Provera and other antiandrogens.
b. research on hypogonadism.
c. studies of men who have undergone castration.
d. research on limbic system stimulation.
54. A woman has been dating a man for some time who, although he appears to enjoy her company, seems
sexually apathetic toward her. Which of the following would MOST likely enhance his sexual desire?
a. L-dopa
b. cantharides
c. any drug used to treat high blood pressure
d. androgens
55. Which of the following biological factors play the MOST important role in male sexual motivation?
a. pheromones
b. androgens
c. estrogens
d. aphrodisiacs
56. Gwyneth has experienced decreased sexual desire over the past year. Which of the following is the
LEAST likely explanation for this?
a. She uses birth control pills as her method of contraception.
b. She has been taking antidepressant medication.
c. She smokes high-nicotine cigarettes.
d. She receives estrogen therapy.
57. Both the ____ and ____ produce androgens in the female body.
a. ovaries; hypothalamus
b. adrenal glands; hypothalamus
c. ovaries; adrenal glands
d. adrenal glands; Bartholin's glands
58. Which of the following statements BEST describes the relationship between estrogens and female
sexual motivation and behavior?
a. Estrogens play an insignificant role in female sexual activity.
b. Estrogen replacement therapy increases female sexual desire.
c. Estrogen replacement therapy increases orgasmic capacity.
d. At this time, research findings are contradictory.
59. Which of the following is MOST influential in sexual motivation in both men and women?
a. attached (bound) testosterone
b. unattached (free) testosterone
c. total testosterone
d. our beliefs about our testosterone level
OBJ: 06-06 | 06-07 MSC: TYPE: Factual
60. Which of the following statements regarding hormones in men and women is FALSE?
a. Male testes produce estrogens as well as androgens.
b. A woman's ovaries and adrenals produce androgens as well as estrogens.
c. The dominant estrogen in males and females is also called Depo-Provera.
d. The dominant androgen in males and females is testosterone.
61. Freud's theory of orgasm held that ____ orgasm was more mature, and thus more preferable, than ____
orgasm.
a. vulval; uterine
b. uterine; vaginal
c. vaginal; clitoral
d. clitoral; vaginal
ANS: C REF: Sexual Response OBJ: 06-11
MSC: TYPE: Factual
62. Research indicates that when men and women are asked to write their subjective descriptions of
orgasm:
a. women's responses are distinguished by the intense imagery they use to describe their
experiences.
b. men's responses are distinguished by the graphic way in which they describe their physical
sensations.
c. women's responses are distinguished by the graphic way in which they describe their
physical sensations.
d. male and female descriptions are, on the whole, indistinguishable.
ANS: D REF: Sexual Response OBJ: 06-11
63. The study of modern embryology has established that:

a. because the clitoris is analogous to the penis, it is a masculinized organ.
b. clitoral orgasms are expressions of “masculine ” rather than “feminine” sexuality.
c. even though the clitoris is homologous to the penis, it is not a masculine organ.
d. clitoral orgasms are inferior to vaginal orgasms because of differing neural pathways.
64. Which of the following statements regarding the refractory period is true?
a. It usually lasts several hours for men and several days for women.
b. It occurs directly after the plateau phase of the response cycle.
c. The frequency of prior sexual activity will affect the length of this period.
d. Vasocongestion occurs during this period.
MSC: TYPE: Factual
65. Which of the following influences the duration of the refractory period in a male?
a. the method of sexual stimulation
b. the time of day
c. the length of arousal prior to orgasm
d. the frequency of previous sexual activity
MSC: TYPE: Factual
66. Which of the following would be LEAST likely to affect the length of the refractory period?
a. the method of sexual stimulation
b. the age of the man
c. the degree of sexual desire for the partner
d. the frequency of previous sexual activity
ANS: A REF: Sexual Response OBJ: 06-11
MSC: TYPE: Factual
67. What are the three phases of sexual response, in order, in Kaplan's model?
a. desire, plateau, and excitement
b. excitement, desire, and orgasm
c. orgasm, desire, and excitement
d. desire, excitement, and orgasm
MSC: TYPE: Factual
68. Which of the following statements concerning the Grafenberg spot is TRUE?
a. When this area is stimulated, some women ejaculate a fluid that is chemically similar to
male prostate secretions.
b. The erotic significance of this area was first discussed in the medical literature at the end
of the 19th century.
c. This is an area approximately the size of a dime, located on the cervix.
d. Very gentle stimulation of this area should be used in order for a woman to respond.
MSC: TYPE: Factual
69. A man never initiates sex with his partner, although when she initiates with him he is sexually
responsive (has an erection and eventually ejaculates). According to Kaplan, this man is having
difficulty with the ____ phase of sexual response.
a. refractory
b. plateau
c. desire
d. excitement
70. Which of the following statements regarding the desire phase of sexual response is TRUE?
a. It is included in Masters and Johnson's model.
b. All sexual expression is preceded by desire.
c. When people have desire problems, they do not necessarily have excitement and/or
orgasm problems.
d. Excitement is part of the desire phase.
MSC: TYPE: Factual
71. Research on vaginal sensitivity indicates that:

a. most women prefer vaginal to clitoral stimulation.
b. the anterior wall of the vagina may be much more sensitive to stimulation than was
originally believed.
c. due to the lack of nerve endings throughout the vagina, it is relatively insensitive to
stimulation.
d. the density of nerve endings is concentrated around the cervix, which is where women
typically experience the most sensitivity.
ANS: B REF: Sexual Response OBJ: 06-12
MSC: TYPE: Factual
72. A pink or red rash that can appear on the chest or breasts during sexual arousal is known as:
a. arousal flush.
b. vasocongestion.
c. sex flush.
d. excitement flush.
73. The correct order of Masters and Johnson's model is:

a. plateau, excitement, orgasm, and resolution.
b. excitement, orgasm, plateau, and resolution.
c. excitement, plateau, orgasm, and resolution.
d. excitement, orgasm, resolution, and plateau.
MSC: TYPE: Factual
74. The research of Masters and Johnson suggests that physiologically speaking, there is/are:
a. one kind of orgasm in females.
b. two kinds of orgasm in females.
c. three kinds of orgasm in females.
d. four kinds of orgasm in females.
75. ____ is the engorgement of blood vessels in particular body parts in response to sexual arousal.
a. Labioscrotal swelling
b. Myotonia
c. Pubescence
d. Vasocongestion
MSC: TYPE: Factual
76. Which of the following is the BEST example of vasocongestion?

a. uterine contractions
b. erection of the penis
c. clitoral retraction
d. muscular spasms during orgasm
MSC: TYPE: Factual
77. Sexual facial grimaces are an example of:

a. vasocongestion.
b. myotonia.
c. sex differences.
d. a lack of desire.
MSC: TYPE: Factual
78. Which one is NOT true concerning the four-phase sexual response model?
a. Secondary sexual areas such as the nipples are not affected.
b. There is tremendous variability in subjective responses.
c. Paradoxically, the plateau level is a changing state.
d. The basic responses of men and women are very similar.
MSC: TYPE: Factual
79. Which of the following does NOT occur during the excitement phase?
a. The clitoris retracts underneath the hood.
b. The labia minora swell and darken.
c. The testes elevate.
d. The penis becomes erect.
MSC: TYPE: Factual
80. Which of the following occurs MOST frequently in the plateau phase?
a. uterine contractions
b. the development of the orgasmic platform
c. vaginal lubrication
d. the return of the testes to their normal size
MSC: TYPE: Factual
81. Which of the following MOST accurately describes the plateau phase?
a. Physiological reactions stabilize and level off.
b. Physiological reactions become more pronounced.
c. Sexual systems return to their nonaroused state.
d. Rhythmic muscular contractions occur at 0.8-second intervals.
MSC: TYPE: Factual
82. ____ is the shortest phase of the Masters and Johnson’s sexual response cycle.
a. Plateau
b. Excitement
c. Orgasm
d. Refractory
MSC: TYPE: Factual
83. Women who become highly aroused but never achieve orgasm do not move beyond the ____ stage of
sexual response.
a. desire
b. refractory
c. excitement
d. plateau
84. Engorgement and elevation of the testes becomes more pronounced during:
a. plateau.
b. orgasm.
c. excitement.
d. the expulsion phase of orgasm.
MSC: TYPE: Factual
85. How does one locate the Grafenberg spot?

a. Usually one finger is used and it is often necessary to press deeply into the anterior wall of
the vagina to reach the spot.
b. Usually two fingers are used and it is often necessary to press deeply into the anterior wall
of the vagina to reach the spot.
c. Usually two fingers are used and it is often necessary to press deeply into the posterior
wall of the vagina to reach the spot.
d. Usually one finger is used and it is often necessary to press deeply into the posterior wall
of the vagina to reach the spot.
MSC: TYPE: Application NOT: NEW
86. A pituitary hormone secreted copiously following orgasm in both sexes is known as:
a. oxytocin.
b. estrogen.
c. prolactin.
d. testosterone.
ANS: C REF: Aging and the Sexual Response Cycle
87. All of the following are physiosexual changes in the aging female EXCEPT:
a. decreased vaginal lubrication.
b. cessation of uterine contractions at orgasm.
c. decrease in length and width of the vagina.
d. decrease in the number of orgasmic contractions.
ANS: B REF: Aging and the Sexual Response Cycle
88. Which of the following statements concerning survey findings on orgasm in older women is FALSE?
a. Some women continue to experience multiple orgasms.
b. Some women experience a reduced capacity to have an orgasm.
c. The majority of women still consider orgasms to be important.
d. Most women no longer experience contractions of the orgasmic platform.
ANS: D REF: Aging and the Sexual Response Cycle
89. Which of the following is NOT a physiosexual change that occurs in the excitement phase of the aging
female?
a. The uterus ceases to elevate.
b. Vaginal lubrication is somewhat delayed.
c. The vaginal mucosa becomes thinner.
d. The ability of the vagina to expand is diminished.
ANS: A REF: Aging and the Sexual Response Cycle
90. Which of the following statements MOST accurately summarizes the effects of aging on female
sexuality?
a. Because there is no longer the risk of pregnancy or the problems involving menstruation,
women experience a new sexual freedom that enhances their sexual desire and response.
b. Due to the reduction in vaginal lubrication and loss of vaginal elasticity, intercourse is
extremely uncomfortable, and so women lose interest in sexual expression.
c. Intercourse is replaced by masturbation as a primary mode of sexual expression.
d. There is considerable variation in the effects of aging on female sexuality.
91. A woman in her mid-seventies is extremely sexually active. Based on what is known about sexuality
and older women, which of the following inferences could MOST likely be made?
a. The woman must be engaging in sexual behavior other than intercourse, because vaginal
atrophy as a result of the aging process would have occurred by now.
b. The woman was probably not very sexually active when she was younger, and so she is
compensating for that now.
c. The woman has probably been sexually active on a regular basis for many years.
d. This behavior is the result of a hormonal abnormality.
92. All of the following are characteristic of plateau phase changes in the aging male EXCEPT:
a. reduced myotonia.
b. testicular elevation is not as high.
c. inability to sustain the plateau phase to the degree that was possible when younger.
d. full erection is not obtained until just prior to orgasm.
93. Which of the following statements concerning the orgasm phase in the aging male is FALSE?
a. Sensations of ejaculatory inevitability become more intense.
b. The number of muscular contractions during orgasm is reduced.
c. Orgasm may be less intense.
d. The force of ejaculation is reduced.
ANS: A REF: Aging and the Sexual Response Cycle
94. In one study, the majority of older men reported that orgasm was ____ in their sexual experiences.
a. virtually nonexistent
b. no longer considered a factor in sexual pleasure
c. not as important as it used to be
d. very important
95. A 65-year-old man comments that his sexual relationship with his wife is better than it has ever been.
To which of the following aspects of his sexual experience would he MOST likely be referring?
a. more intense orgasms
b. renewed interest in sex due to increases in testosterone production after age 60
c. better ejaculatory control as the result of a more prolonged plateau phase
d. more rapid erectile response to sexual stimuli
96. According to several researchers, who would be MOST likely to experience multiple orgasms?
a. Women who are sexually relating to other women
b. Women who experience both vulval and uterine orgasms
c. Women who prefer G-spot stimulation
d. Women with relatively high androgen levels
ANS: A REF: Differences Between the Sexes in Sexual Response
97. Men who report multiple orgasms:

a. have achieved the ultimate goal in sexuality.
b. can only do this when masturbating.
c. have only discovered this skill late in life.
d. have a variety of ejaculatory patterns for orgasm.
ANS: D REF: Differences Between the Sexes in Sexual Response
98. Which one is NOT true concerning "multiple orgasms"?

a. This term refers to having more than one orgasmic experience within a short time interval.
b. While most women have the capacity for multiple orgasms, research indicates that many
women do not routinely experience them.
c. These are the preferred sexual expression for females and why they masturbate so much.
d. These occur much less frequently in men than women.
ANS: C REF: Differences Between the Sexes in Sexual Response
99. Which of the following explanations for the existence of the refractory period is BEST supported by
research at this point in time?
a. There is an evolutionary advantage as females can continue to copulate with other males,
enhancing the possibility of impregnation.
b. Ejaculation triggers a short-term neurological inhibitory mechanism.
c. The loss of seminal fluid during orgasm results in significant hormone reduction that
prevents further sexual activity.
d. The expelled seminal fluid results in an energy drain.
ANS: B REF: Differences Between the Sexes in Sexual Response
100. Which of the following statements concerning multiple orgasms is TRUE?

a. Women who masturbate are less likely to have multiple orgasms than those who do not.
b. Multiple orgasms are more common among males than females.
c. Men who have multiple orgasms ejaculate a small amount of seminal fluid each time.
d. The majority of women have the capacity for multiple orgasms.
ANS: D REF: Differences Between the Sexes in Sexual Response
TRUE/FALSE
1. The cerebral cortex and limbic system both play important roles in sexual arousal.
ANS: T REF: The Brain and Sexual Arousal OBJ: 06-01
2. Oxytocin is the primary neurotransmitter for the sensation of pleasure in the hypothalamus.
ANS: F REF: The Brain and Sexual Arousal OBJ: 06-01
3. CAT scans are frequently used to measure sexual arousal.
ANS: F REF: The Brain and Sexual Arousal OBJ: 06-01
4. The sense of hearing can have a prominent effect on ones sexual arousal.
ANS: T REF: The Senses and Sexual Arousal OBJ: 06-02
5. Cantharides ("Spanish fly") functions as an aphrodisiac by stimulating genital tissue.
ANS: F REF: Aphrodisiacs and Anaphrodisiacs in Sexual Arousal

OBJ: 06-04
6. Research has demonstrated that, when measured physiologically, minimal amounts of alcohol intake
will increase sexual arousal, but increasing levels of alcohol intake will decrease arousal.
ANS: F REF: Aphrodisiacs and Anaphrodisiacs in Sexual Arousal

OBJ: 06-05
7. The dominant androgen in both males and females is testosterone.
ANS: T REF: The Role of Hormones in Sexual Behavior

OBJ: 06-06
8. Oxytocin is a steroid hormone.
ANS: F REF: The Role of Hormones in Sexual Behavior

OBJ: 06-08
9. fMRI is an excellent method for observing and quantitatively measuring genital changes during sexual
arousal.
ANS: T REF: Sexual Response OBJ: 06-02

NOT: NEW
10. Most female orgasms result from direct or indirect stimulation of the vagina.
ANS: F REF: Sexual Response OBJ: 06-02
NOT: NEW
11. Many people find that prolonging sexual tensions at the plateau level produces less intense orgasms.
ANS: F REF: Sexual Response OBJ: 06-04 | 06-05

NOT: NEW
12. Orgasm is the shortest phase of the sexual response cycle.

NOT: NEW
13. Some medical practitioners are now providing G-spot amplification, which involves injecting the G-
spot with collagen to allegedly produce a temporary enhancement of sexual arousal and response.

NOT: NEW
14. The most obvious signs of myotonia during sexual response are erection in men and vaginal
lubrication in women.
15. Desire is a stage of Kaplan's model of sexual response, but not Masters and Johnson's.
16. In the orgasm phase of the sexual response cycle for women the orgasmic platform contracts
rhythmically 3 to 15 times.
17. When subjective reports of men and women's orgasmic experiences are analyzed, they are clearly
distinguishable from each other because men relate their experiences in a much more graphic and
aggressive manner.
18. Men and women have similar refractory periods.
19. A woman who responds to Grafenberg spot stimulation may ejaculate a fluid from her urethra.
20. All women are capable of experiencing orgasm through stimulation of the Grafenberg spot, but its
position varies from woman to woman.

21. In general, all phases of the response cycle continue to occur for older women but with somewhat
decreased intensity.
ANS: T REF: Aging and the Sexual Response Cycle

OBJ: 06-15 NOT: NEW
22. Often, by age 45, the refractory period lasts for several hours, even days in some cases.
ANS: F REF: Aging and the Sexual Response Cycle

OBJ: 06-11 NOT: NEW
23. Women who engage in a variety of sexual behaviors during partnered sex are more likely to
experience multiple orgasms.
ANS: T REF: Differences Between the Sexes in Sexual Response

OBJ: 06-04 NOT: NEW
24. Men experience multiple orgasms, although much less commonly than women do.

OBJ: 06-15
25. The refractory period is common not just to human males but to males of virtually all other species for
which data exist, including rats, dogs, and chimpanzees.

OBJ: 06-11 NOT: NEW
SHORT ANSWER
1. List examples supporting the argument that particular sexual stimuli and/or behaviors that people find
arousing are greatly influenced by cultural conditioning.
ANS:
Answer not provided.
REF: The Brain and Sexual Arousal OBJ: 06-07 NOT: NEW
2. Select two of the five senses and indicate how important these seem to be with respect to sexual
arousal. Would you expect these senses to be equally important for all people? Why, or why not?
ANS:
REF: The Senses and Sexual Arousal OBJ: 06-02
3. You are trying to decide whether to buy for your significant other a perfume advertising that it
contains pheromones. What will you take into consideration when making this decision? Cite data
from your textbook as well as value decisions.
ANS:
REF: The Senses and Sexual Arousal OBJ: 06-02
4. Discuss various myths about aphrodisiacs. Explain research findings regarding true aphrodisiacs.
ANS:
REF: Aphrodisiacs and Anaphrodisiacs in Sexual Arousal OBJ: 06-04
5. What would you say to a friend who asked you to suggest an aphrodisiac for them?
ANS:
6. Imagine that you are a doctor about to prescribe some new medication for a patient. List at least four
frequently prescribed medications that have the potential for decreasing sexual desire or disrupting
sexual response. Choose one and give some specific examples of negative side effects that have been
reported.
ANS:
7. Discuss the role of testosterone and estrogen in male sexuality.
ANS:
REF: The Role of Hormones in Sexual Behavior OBJ: 06-06
8. Discuss the role of testosterone and estrogen in female sexuality.
ANS:
9. List five symptoms of testosterone deficiency. What are some issues in testosterone replacement
therapy?
ANS:

10. What are the stages of sexual response as proposed by Kaplan? As proposed by Masters and Johnson?
What is the significance of any difference between these?
ANS:
REF: Sexual Response OBJ: 06-10 | 06-11
11. Imagine that you are celebrating your Golden (50th) Wedding Anniversary. You decide that you will
rent a honeymoon suite for the night and make love. What differences, if any, might you expect
between your actual honeymoon night and this anniversary celebration in terms of sex?
ANS:
REF: Aging and the Sexual Response Cycle OBJ: 06-13 | 06-14
12. There is considerable speculation as to why only men have a refractory period. Outline some of the
hypotheses that have been put forth, indicating those which you consider to be most plausible and
why.
ANS:
REF: Differences Between the Sexes in Sexual Response OBJ: 06-11
13. What is the data concerning the frequency of multiple orgasms in women? What explanations can one
give as to why this frequency rate occurs?
ANS:
14. What is the data concerning the frequency of multiple orgasms in men? What explanations can one
give as to why this frequency rate occurs?
ANS:
15. Your book discusses three major differences between the sexes in sexual response. List and describe
these differences. How might either lack of knowledge or an awareness of these differences influence a
couple's sex life?
ANS:

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Chapter 6—Sexual Arousal and Response

4. Which of the following structures is NOT a part of the limbic system?

5. The effects of electrical stimulation of certain parts of the human hypothalamus:

8. Human sexual arousal and response:

9. Testosterone is known to stimulate the release of:

16. The back of the knees is an example of a:

23. Which of the following statements is FALSE?

24. Which of the following foods is sometimes considered an aphrodisiac?

27. Which one is NOT true of aphrodisiacs?

29. Which of the following statements concerning yohimbine hydrochloride is FALSE?

32. Substances known to inhibit sexual behavior are called:

33. Nicotine slows sexual motivation and function by:

34. ____ is sometimes referred to as the "love" hormone.

37. Which of the following is NOT true of oxytocin?

40. Oxytocin is produced in the:

43. The medical term for castration is:

44. Which of the following statements regarding testosterone is FALSE?

45. When hormone replacement therapy is administered to hypogonadal men, ____.

46. Excess testosterone can stimulate the growth of preexisting:

52. If hypogonadism occurs before puberty:

63. The study of modern embryology has established that:

71. Research on vaginal sensitivity indicates that:

73. The correct order of Masters and Johnson's model is:

76. Which of the following is the BEST example of vasocongestion?

77. Sexual facial grimaces are an example of:

85. How does one locate the Grafenberg spot?

97. Men who report multiple orgasms:

98. Which one is NOT true concerning "multiple orgasms"?

100. Which of the following statements concerning multiple orgasms is TRUE?

ANS: T REF: The Brain and Sexual Arousal OBJ: 06-01

ANS: F REF: The Brain and Sexual Arousal OBJ: 06-01

3. CAT scans are frequently used to measure sexual arousal.

ANS: F REF: The Brain and Sexual Arousal OBJ: 06-01

ANS: T REF: The Senses and Sexual Arousal OBJ: 06-02

5. Cantharides ("Spanish fly") functions as an aphrodisiac by stimulating genital tissue.

ANS: F REF: Aphrodisiacs and Anaphrodisiacs in Sexual Arousal

ANS: F REF: Aphrodisiacs and Anaphrodisiacs in Sexual Arousal

7. The dominant androgen in both males and females is testosterone.

ANS: T REF: The Role of Hormones in Sexual Behavior

8. Oxytocin is a steroid hormone.

ANS: F REF: The Role of Hormones in Sexual Behavior

ANS: T REF: Sexual Response OBJ: 06-02

ANS: F REF: Sexual Response OBJ: 06-04 | 06-05

12. Orgasm is the shortest phase of the sexual response cycle.

ANS: T REF: Sexual Response OBJ: 06-05

ANS: T REF: Sexual Response OBJ: 06-05

ANS: F REF: Sexual Response OBJ: 06-11

ANS: T REF: Sexual Response OBJ: 06-10

ANS: T REF: Sexual Response OBJ: 06-11

ANS: F REF: Sexual Response OBJ: 06-11

18. Men and women have similar refractory periods.

ANS: F REF: Sexual Response OBJ: 06-11

ANS: T REF: Sexual Response OBJ: 06-12

ANS: F REF: Sexual Response OBJ: 06-12

ANS: T REF: Aging and the Sexual Response Cycle

ANS: F REF: Aging and the Sexual Response Cycle