Glass Bottle Pulverizer With Mixer For Making Hollow and Solid Concrete Blocks-Final CD

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GLASS BOTTLE PULVERIZER WITH MIXER
FOR MAKING HOLLOW AND SOLID
CONCRETE BLOCKS
Dave V. Albrando
Mark D. Barbacena
Hans Yuri O. Cataytay
Southern Luzon State University
College of Engineering
June 2023
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BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH
Name:Dave V. Albrando
Birthdate: May 10, 2001
Birthplace: Sariaya, Quezon
Permanent Address: Brgy. Talaan – Pantoc Sariaya, Quezon
Contact Number: 09075552712
Email Address: [email protected]
Educational Background:
School/University Inclusive Honor/Award

Years
Pantoc Elementary School 2007-2013
Sariaya Institute 2013-2019
Academic Affiliations:
Institute of Integrated Electrical Engineers of the 2019 - Present

Philippines- Student Chapter
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BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH
Name: Mark D. Barbacena
Birthdate: February 14,2001
Birthplace: Sariaya, Quezon
Permanent Address: Manggalang 1, Sariaya, Quezon

Years
Immaculate Conception Evangelization School 2007-2013
St. Francis High School 2013-2019
2019-2023
Academic Affiliation:
Institute of Integrated Electrical Engineers of the 2019- Present

Philippines Inc.- SLSU Chapter
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BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH
Name: Hans Yuri O. Cataytay
Birthdate: November 5,2000Birthplace: Lucena City, Quezon
Permanent Address: Sariaya, Quezon

Years
Concepcion Ibaba Elementary School 2007-2013
Lutucan Integrated National High School 2013-2019
2019-2023
Academic Affiliation:
Institute of Integrated Electrical Engineers of the Philippines 2019- Present
Inc.- SLSU Chapter
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CERTIFICATE OF ORIGINALITY
I/we hereby affirm that this compliance is my own work and that, to the best of
my understanding and certainty, it covers no material previously published by another
person nor material to which to a considerable range has been acknowledged for award
of any other degree or diploma of a university or other institute of higher learning, except
where due credit is made in the text.
I/we also declare that the logical content of this thesis is the product of my/our
own effort, even though I/we may have customary assistance from others on style,
presentation and semantic expression.
Dave V. Albrando
Researcher
Mark D. Barbacena
Researcher

Researcher
Engr. Aubee Mahusay – Ecleo
June 17, 2023

Date
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APPROVAL SHEET
In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree Bachelor of Science in
Electrical Engineering, thisresearch paper entitled, Glass Bottle Pulverizer with Mixer
For Making Hollow And Solid Concrete Blocks, has been prepared and submitted by
Dave V. Albrando, Mark D. Barbacena, and Hans Yuri O. Cataytay, who is hereby
recommended for oral examination.
ENGR. AUBEE MAHUSAY - ECLEO

Research Adviser
`Approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree, Bachelor of
Science in Electrical Engineering,by the oral defense examination committee.
ENGR. RIZANDY ARROYO ENGR. CONRADO QUINALAYO

Member Member
ENGR. MAURINO ABUEL

Chairperson
Accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree Bachelor of

Science in Electrical Engineering.
June 17, 2023 DR. RENATO R. MAALIW III

Date Dean of College of Engineering
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DEDICATION
This fruit of hard work is wholeheartedly dedicated to all people who
always trusting me and pushing me to move forward, my parents
Raul and Julianita Albrando for always guiding me
and giving emotional and financial support
To BB (Luisa) for being my strength and
who always cheer’s me up, and most
specially our lord, who served as
the inspiration and strength in
completing the
study.
-DVA
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DEDICATION
To God Our Father, I humbly dedicate this research to Him for His unwavering
guidance, unconditional grace and unconditional love throughout this journey. With His
blessings and divine intervention, I have the strength, wisdom and stamina to complete
this task. To my devoted mother, Maribel Barbacena, you have continued to be my
source of inspiration,
my rock and beacon of light. Your unwavering support, love and encouragement is the
fuel that has driven me to success. This research serves as a testament to the great impact
you’ve had on my life. With infinite thanks and respect, I dedicate this work to you. To
my dear classmates, my thesis partners Dave and Hans, thank you for embarking
on this challenging journey alongside me Your invaluable contributions,
unwavering companionship and tireless efforts have made this research endeavor
a rich and rewarding experience. Our shared laughter, late-night brainstorming,
and mutual support helped me overcome my obstacles and
push the limits of my potential. I am grateful for your friendship
and unwavering belief in my abilities. EE-YOUTH!!!
MARAMING SALAMAT SA INYO!!!
-MDB
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DEDICATION
Without the support of individuals who inspire me and give me encouragement, this
education would not be feasible. This investigation is wholly committed to the following:
To my parents Luis and Elvira Cataytay, for their support and affection that helped me
along the way. I'm going to go ahead. We appreciate your ongoing moral, emotional, and
financial support.
To my partner Ba Bah (Christine Joy Ocampo and her family), who constantly makes me
feel better and relieves my stress by being a source of hope and joy and helping me to get
strength when I am on frustration.
To Mark and Dave, who helped me finish this thesis by sharing their knowledge and
providing encouragement to finish it in our best ways.
To Tita Vangie Obnillas and family that, help me and support me in this thesis to guide
me on what I am going to do and on financial support very thankful that I have Tita and
family give us strength.
Thank you, Dear Lord, for endowing me with the abilities and wisdom that always help
me overcome my weaknesses. I appreciate your constant wisdom and blessing. Last but
not least, I want to express my sincere gratitude to everyone who has ever trusted and
believed in my abilities. Without you, this would not have been possible.
-HYOC
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The researchers would like to express their sincere gratitude to Almighty God,
whose grace and blessings have been a source of strength and inspiration during the
completion of this research. His divine guidance and unwavering support have been
instrumental in overcoming challenges and navigating the complexities of the research
process.
The researchers would like to express their sincere appreciation to their research
adviser, Engr. Aubee M. Ecleo, for her invaluable guidance, expertise and encouragement.
Her insightful feedback and continuous support have contributed significantly to the
development and improvement of this research.
The researchers are deeply indebted to their research panel members, Engr.
Maurino N. Abuel, Engr. Conrado Quinalayo, and Engr. Rizandy J. Arroyo for their
valuable feedback, constructive criticism, and scholarly contributions. Their expertise and
guidance have been instrumental in enhancing the quality and rigor of this study.
The researchers would love to extend their gratitude to Southern Luzon State
University for providing the important assets, facilities, and educational surroundings
which have facilitated the development of the studies. The library staffs had been
instrumental in helping the researchers with access to relevant literature and information,
for which the researchers are honestly grateful.
Family, dearest friends and classmates, whose unwavering love, encouragement,
and knowledge had been a constant source of motivation in the course of this adventure.
Their patience, sacrifices, and notion had been the using pressure behind the researchers’
perseverance.
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Lastly, the researchers would really like to explicit their appreciation to all the
contributors who willingly dedicated their time and efforts to take part in this study. Their
priceless contributions have enriched the findings and brought intensity to the research.
THE RESEARCHERS
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Title Page……………………………………………………………..…………………… i
Biographical Sketch…………………………………………………..…………………... ii
Certificate of Originality……………………………………………..………..…………...v
Approval Sheet ……………………………………………………..…..…………….…...vi
Dedication…………………………………………………………..……...……….…… vii
Acknowledgement………………………………………………....……………..……….. x
Table of Contents………………………………………………..….……………..…….. xii
List of Tables…………………………………………………..….……………….…….. xv
List of Figures………………………………………………..…...……………….……..xvi
List of Appendices…………………………………………..…………………...…….. xviii
Abstract ……………………..……………………………..……………………………...xx
Chapter I - Introduction
Background of the Study .......................................................................................... 2
Objectives of the Study ............................................................................................ 4
Significance of the Study ......................................................................................... 5
Scope and Limitation ............................................................................................... 6
Definition of Terms .................................................................................................. 7

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Chapter II – Review of Related Literature and Studies
Related Literature ..................................................................................................... 9
Related Studies ....................................................................................................... 22
Conceptual Framework .......................................................................................... 27
Chapter III – Methodology
Research Locale ..................................................................................................... 28
Research Design ..................................................................................................... 29
Research Instrument ............................................................................................... 29
Tabular Presentation ............................................................................................... 31
Procedures/Data Gathering Procedures .................................................................. 33
Time Allotment ...................................................................................................... 35
Evaluation Procedure ............................................................................................. 35
Statistical Treatment ............................................................................................... 37
Chapter IV – Results and Discussion
System Overview ................................................................................................... 42
Project Technical Description ................................................................................ 44
Project Structure/Organization ............................................................................... 54
Wiring Diagram...................................................................................................... 56
Project Evaluation .................................................................................................. 58
Project Cost Analysis ............................................................................................. 61
Project Limitations and Capabilities ...................................................................... 63
Chapter V – Summary, Conclusions, and Recommendations
Summary ................................................................................................................. 65
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Findings .................................................................................................................. 66
Conclusion .............................................................................................................. 89
Recommendations .................................................................................................. 71
References ......................................................................................................................... 73
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LIST OF TABLES
Table Page
1. Capacity of Glass Bottle Pulverizer with Mixer in terms of 31.
Production Capacity
2. Accuracy of Glass Bottle Pulverizer with Mixer 31.
3. Effectiveness of Glass Bottle Pulverizer with Mixer 32.
4. Work Sequence of Activities and Duration 35.
5. Capacity of Glass Bottle Pulverizer with Mixer in terms of 58.
Production Capacity
6. Accuracy of Glass Bottle Pulverizer with Mixer 59.
7. Effectiveness of Glass Bottle Pulverizer with Mixer 60.
8. Project Cost 62.
9. Miscellaneous Expenses 63.

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LIST OF FIGURES
Figure Page
1. Drum-type Concrete Mixer 14.
2. Pan-type Concrete Mixer 14.
3. Continuous Concrete Mixers 15.
4. Continuous Concrete Mixers 16.
5. Glass Jaw Crusher 19.
6. Glass Hammer Crusher 20.
7. Glass Impact Crusher 20.
8. Glass Compound Crusher 21.
9. Glass Roll Crusher 21.
10. The Input – Process – Output of the Study 27.
11. Glass Bottle Pulverizer with Mixer for Making Hollow and Solid 42.
Concrete Blocks
Concrete Blocks
13. 3.0 horse power motor 44.
14. My1025 Highspeed Dc Speed Motor 45.
15. Hammer Mill (220 V) 46.
16. Cast Iron Red Pulley & Pulley Belt 46.
17. Round Glass Fed Port/Silo 47.
18. Angle Bars Steel 47.
19. Nuts & Bolts and Washers 48.

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20. Bucket 49.
21. Tubular Square Steel 49.
22. Motor Sprocket and Chain 50.
23. Ultrasonic Sensors 51.
24. Control Box with Push Button 51.
25. 16 x 4 Character LCD Display with Backlight Technical Data 52.
26. Arduino R3 52.
27. Magnetic Contactor 53.
28. Insulated Copper Wires 53.
Concrete Blocks
30. Glass Bottle Wiring Diagram Pulverizer with Mixer for Making 56.
Hollow and Solid Concrete Blocks

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LIST OF APPENDICES
Appendices Page
A. Fabrication Process 76.
B. Collection of Glass Bottles 77.
C. Cleaning of Glass Bottles 78.
D. Prototype Program 79.
E. Prototype Data Gathering, and Testing 81.
F. The Prototype 83.
G. Computation Total Power and Energy Consumption 84.
H. Horsepower Motor Calculation for the Prototype 85.
I. Glass Pulverizer Silo Net Weight Capacity & Mixer Net 89.
Weight Capacity Calculations, & Production Capacity
J. Statistical Treatment Calculation Using Standard Deviation 93.
K. Accuracy of Glass Bottle Pulverizer with Mixer for Making 94.
L. User Manual 97.
M. Certificate of English Critic 98.
N. Certificate of Plagiarism 99.

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Abstract
Title: GLASS BOTTLE PULVERIZER WITH MIXER

FOR MAKING HOLLOW AND SOLID
CONCRETE BLOCKS
Author: Dave V. Albrando

Mark D. Barbacena
Adviser: Engr. Aubee Mahusay - Ecleo
The research focuses on the development and evaluation of a Glass Bottle

Pulverizer with Mixer for Making Hollow and Solid Concrete Blocks. The essential parts
for constructing the machine were successfully installed to meet its main functions of
crushing and mixing, while incorporating LCD display and sensors for enhanced control.
The necessary components used in fabricating the prototype included Arduino Uno,
sensors, motors, LCD display, and various mechanical parts. The evaluation of the
machine encompassed design, effectiveness, accuracy, and capacity. Findings revealed
that the machine operated within the desired time frame and exhibited varying levels of
accuracy for different bottle types. The machine consistently produced 6 Concrete B
locks Mixtures every 20 minutes, resulting in a total production of 18 Concrete B locks
Mixtures per hour. The calculations and capacity evaluations demonstrated that the
machine could effectively handle the required weights for pulverization and mixing. The
research establishes the viability of the Glass Bottle Pulverizer with Mixer as a
sustainable solution for recycling glass and facilitating concrete block production.
Keywords: accuracy, capacity, concrete blocks, glass bottle pulverizer, mixer

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Chapter I
INTRODUCTION
Glass is capable of being recycled endlessly without compromising its quality or
purity. It is manufactured from abundant local resources like sand, soda ash, limestone, and
recycled glass. While glass containers used for food and beverages are fully recyclable, it
is important to avoid combining them with different types of glass during the recycling
procedure. This is because alternate forms of glass, such as windows, ovenware, Pyrex,
and crystal, undergo a distinct manufacturing process and their inclusion can lead to
production difficulties when making glass containers.
Glass is turning into a contaminant in a single stream recycling system because it
can damage and contaminate other recyclables like paper and cardboard, lowering their
value. Additionally endangering worker safety, broken glass can harm recycling equipment
and drive up processing costs. In the United States, there are curbside recycling programs
that have separate containers for glass that can be recycled, and many supermarkets and
public areas have glass bottle banks where people can dispose of their recyclable glass jars
and bottles.
Glass waste is often produced in large quantities and can be challenging to
eliminate. Although the majority of waste glass, especially glass containers, is collected
and recycled by melting it down to create new glass products, not all types of waste glass
are appropriate for this recycling process. So, in order to reduce this type of wastes, the
researchers come up with a solution of constructing a machine that will used the refined
glass bottles as a partial substitute for the sand in the process of solid and hollow concrete
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blocks production, not only it will be a solution for solid waste management it will also be
a sustainable solution. It serves as a contributor to the advancement of sustainable
construction for a greener and more resilient future.
Background of the study
All waste produced by humans, both industrial and domestic, is disposed of in
landfills. Experts predict that the world will soon run out of space for landfills. Landfills
also have negative impacts on the environment, such as pollution of land and water and
emissions of CO2, a major greenhouse gas. Glass, which cannot biodegrade, can remain in
landfills for centuries.
Reducing the amount of waste sent to landfills can help to conserve landfill space
and prevent it from running out. Additionally, it can lead to a greater appreciation for the
environment, which can bring about other positive benefits.
Recycling glass can be a simple process. By keeping track of the glass items, you
use and storing them separately, you can easily recycle glass at home. Glass that cannot be
reused should be disposed of properly, either at an industrial depot or wrapped in plastic to
protect trash handlers. Another way of recycling glass is to use it to make new products,
that’s why the researchers come-up with idea such as hollow and solid concrete blocks made
from pulverized glass bottles using a machine. By making these decisions and taking these
steps, you can easily recycle glass and help reduce the amount of waste sent to landfills.
According to Contreras et. al (2016) glass has been used for thousands of years and
is now used in a wide range of items. Glass is used in a variety of ways for varied purposes.
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Glass containers like bottles and jars are frequently used for packing. Flat glass is used to
make windows because it offers transparency and weather protection. Computer and
television displays use specialized glass to guarantee the best possible picture quality.
Fiberglass insulation also contains glass, which improves its ability to insulate sound and
heat. These are just a few instances showing how versatile glass can be used. Sand, calcium
carbonate, and limestone are typical components of nature and are used to make glass.
Concrete blocks are widely used in construction due to their durability and strength.
To produce concrete blocks, manufacturers typically use a mixture of Portland cement, sand,
gravel, and water. However, incorporating recycled glass into the mix can provide
environmental and economic benefits. The challenge lies in pulverizing glass bottles into
small pieces suitable for concrete production. Conventional crushing and grinding methods
require specialized equipment and manual labor, and integrating the glass pieces into the
mix can be challenging due to issues like clumping and settling.
To address these challenges, this study proposes the development of a glass bottle
pulverizer with a mixer designed specifically for making hollow and solid concrete blocks.
Prior to insertion into the pulverizer, it is crucial to clean the glass bottles to prevent potential
clogging caused by residual substances, in addition to that, the bottles will be pre-crushed
before mounting in to the pulverizer. The main focus of the study is on the crushing and
mixing process, where the glass bottles are initially crushed using a crusher, further
pulverized in the pulverizer, and then accumulated in a load cell. Once the desired weight is
achieved, the finely crushed glass bottles are released into the mixer to be combined with
other materials necessary for the production of concrete blocks. Finally, the mixed materials
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are transferred to the molder to form either hollow or solid concrete blocks. This research
aims to explore the potential of glass bottle recycling and its integration into concrete block
production, contributing to sustainable waste management practices and the reduction of
environmental impact.
The use of the glass bottle pulverizer with mixer in the production of concrete blocks
holds significant potential for revolutionizing the construction industry. By incorporating
this technology, the study offers a sustainable approach by repurposing glass bottles that
would otherwise contribute to waste accumulation. This not only addresses environmental
concerns but also aligns with the principles of a circular economy. Furthermore, the process
of crushing and mixing glass bottles with other materials ensures that the resulting concrete
blocks maintain their structural integrity, strength, and durability, making them suitable for
various construction applications. Overall, the integration of the glass bottle pulverizer with
mixer has the potential to bring about positive changes in the construction sector by
simultaneously addressing waste management issues and improving the sustainability and
quality of concrete block production.
Objectives of the study
The main objective this technical research is to develop a Glass Bottle Pulverizer
with Mixer for Making Hollow and Solid Concrete Blocks.
It specifically sought to achieve the following:
1. Design and construct a Glass Bottle Pulverizer with Mixer for Making Hollow
and SolidConcrete Blocks;

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2. Determine the materials needed for the prototype;
3. Test and evaluate the prototype in terms of design, accuracy, effectiveness, and
capacity.
Significance of the study
The study focused on determining the benefits of having Glass Bottle Pulverizer
with Mixer for making Hollow and Solid Concrete Blocks. The researchers selected this
topic to havean additional knowledge about the significance and other way of utilizing
crushed glass, the result of the study may help the following:
The study would help the community on decreasing the amount of garbage
present in the area and also lessen the hazard present because of some broken glasses.
For the students, they are the one that should be educated and possess the notion
of howthings like waste can be manage to avoid environmental degradation over years of
their educationthat should be inculcate in their minds that there’s so much solutions to
protect our planet also tobecome more responsible waste contributor.
The findings of this study would serve as reference material to the future
researchers and will serve as guide for those who has a desire to conduct the same or
related study that the researchers will conduct.
This study would be also beneficial into the environment as this study could help
lessenthe waste glass that are being delivered to industrial waste site and also this could
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help lessen theuse of natural aggregate that are used in the construction industry thus
reducing the consumptionof our natural resources.
Scope and Limitation
The study focused on developing a machine that can pulverize glass bottles for use
in making hollow and solid concrete blocks as a partial replacement for sand. The specific
bottles that the researchers will use will be pill bottles or medicine bottles, ketchup bottles,
liquor bottles, soft drink bottles and broken bottled glasses. The glass bottles, which is pre-
crushed, is to be inserted on the pulverizer should be cleaned and after that will be broken
down to smaller pieces, to avoid the possibility of clogging due to the residuals. The
machine is focused on the crushing and mixing process of glass bottles to produce hollow
and solid concrete blocks. The process involved placing the pre-crushed glass bottles on
the pulverizer, where it will become fine/almost like a powder, then the fine crushed glass
bottles will accumulate in a load cell and when the desired/set weight is reached it will
dropped/ go down to the mixer to mix with other materials used to produce hollow and
solid concrete blocks. After the materials were mixed, it will then place to the molder for
either hollow and solid concrete blocks. The machine will operate properly under 230 V,
AC. As long as the machine is designed to operate at that voltage, it should work properly.
The study is only limited to the automation of the crushing of glass bottles up to mixing of
concrete mixtures, and the automation of how the mixture will go to the molder is not
included in the study.

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Definition of terms
In order to have a knowledge and better understanding about the study, the
following terminologies are defined:
Automation is the process of making/ constructing a product that minimally require
human effort.
Arduino Uno is used as the main controller of the prototype.
Glass Pulverizer is a machine that makes the crushed glass bottles finer.
Waste Glass Bottles are mostly medicine bottles, ketchup bottles, soft drinks bottles,
liquor bottles and small broken glass bottles.
Concrete Blocks are standard sized blocks, hollow and solid type, that are commonly
used in building construction.
Weight Sensors is used to measure the weight of crushed glass as it accumulates in
the load cells.
Load Cell is the storage of the crushed bottled glass before it goes down to the concrete
mixer.
Control Box is the part of the machine where the contactors, relay, and push buttons are
located.
Magnetic Contactor is used as a control device for the motor circuits on 1 HP and 0.5 HP
motors.
Relay is an electrically operated type of switch that automatically open and close its contact
as it receives an electric signal from an outside source.
Push Buttons are used to stop and start the operation of the machine, red is for stopping
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the operation, and the green indicates that the machine is in operation.
Recycling is the process of making/converting the waste products into something that will
benefit the community.
Concrete Mixer is a part of the hollow blocks making machine that performs the mixing
of crushed/pulverized glass and cement through its rotation.
Molder is used to shape the concrete blocks made using the Glass Bottle Pulverizer
With Mixer into solid or hollow shapes, depending on the design of the
molder.
Cement is a binder material that is used for construction that hardens and set
to other materials to bind them together.
Sand is a more refined component used to make hollow and solid concrete
blocks.
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Chapter II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES
The associated literature and research from various books and studies that have
been published are presented in this chapter. For a deeper comprehension and more
comprehensive knowledge of this study, the usage of the internet as a source of
information is taken into consideration. As a result, the gathered data forms the
conceptual framework's foundation.
RELATED LITERATURE
Solid waste management
Data on the sources of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) in 2018 was collected from
multiple Environmental Management Bureau (EMB) Regional Offices and Solid Waste
Management Plans. The analysis focused on available data from 2008 to 2013, which
was subsequently summarized. Municipal Solid Waste originates from various sectors,
including residential, commercial, institutional, and industrial sources. Among these,
residential waste constitutes the largest proportion, accounting for 56.7% of MSW.
Residential waste encompasses a wide range of items such as kitchen scraps, yard waste,
paper and cardboard, glass bottles, plastic containers and bags, foil, soiled tissues and
diapers, as well as special waste like household cleaning products, batteries, and waste
electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE). Commercial sources, encompassing
commercial establishments and public or private markets, contribute approximately

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27.1% of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW). Notably, in some regions, around two-thirds
of commercial waste originates from public or private markets. Institutional sources,
including government offices, schools, and hospitals, account for roughly 12.1% of
MSW. The industrial sector contributes the remaining 4.1% of MSW. A significant
portion of MSW, nearly one-third (27.78%), consists of recyclable waste, with the
proportion varying between 4.1% and 53.3% across different regions. Plastic packaging
materials constitute approximately 38% of this recyclable waste fraction, followed by
paper and cardboard waste at approximately 31%. The remaining 31% includes metals,
glass, textiles, and leather.
Additionally, The Philippines has established the Ecological Solid Waste
Management Act (RA 9003) to enhance solid waste management and safeguard the
environment and public health. The enactment of this legislation entails the
establishment of a thorough and environmentally-friendly waste management program.
It requires the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) to extend its
support to the National Solid Waste Management Commission in the execution of waste
management plans. Additionally, it outlines the policies that the National Ecology Center
must enforce. The center's responsibilities include the dissemination of information,
provision of consultation, and education of local government units regarding ecological
waste management. The objective of the ecological solid waste management program is
to assist local government units in the effective implementation of RA 9003. This
primarily involves aiding them in developing comprehensive 10-year waste management
plans, ensuring the closure and restoration of dumpsites, facilitating the establishment of
materials recovery facilities, and promoting the adoption of environmentally sound

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disposal systems. According to the DENR (2018), there are 166 sanitary landfills in the
country as of December 2018, with the municipality of Sariaya ranked 80th witha single
sanitary landfill in Sampaloc 1.
Erram (2018) discusses the use of recycled glass as an aggregate for concrete
bricks in Cebu City. Instead of throwing away the broken glass bottles and shards
collected from the city's600 tons of daily waste, they are being used to help protect the
city's riverbanks and keep its parks clean and beautiful. The Cebu City Environment and
Natural Resources Office (CCENRO)has been implementing this practice since May.
This is an example of how recycling glass can help to reduce waste and promote
sustainable practices.
The local government of San Juan, Philippines, located in the Province of Abra,
recyclesbroken glass bottles as part of its Solid Waste Management Program. The
Material Recovery Facility (MRF) in Brgy. Palang, North Poblacion uses glass shredder
machines to turn broken glass into construction materials, concrete, and paving mixes.
The MRF processes glass bottles a few times per week, depending on the amount of
waste glass. Through the MRF, tiles have been produced for local projects and services
are offered to people from other municipalities to process their glass bottles at a low cost.
Broken glass bottles can be dangerous if not disposed of properly, so the MRF is an
effective way to manage this waste.

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Glass
As stated by Ogundairo, T., et, al (2019) Most people use glass every day; it is
essentially a translucent frozen liquid made of silica, soda ash, and calcium carbonate
(CaCO3) that liquefiesat very high temperatures. The liquid is allowed to cool quickly to
prevent crystallization. It maybe quickly recycled as a feedstock in the production of
glass because it is made from a plentifulsupply of raw ingredients. Glass can be recycled
indefinitely without losing its worth or quality.In Nigeria, it is estimated that 8.7% of the
waste stream is made up of glass, which is a componentof the solid waste stream. Between
80% and 85% of the mass produced by the entire glass industry is either used as
containers by the food, beverage, and pharmaceutical industries or as flat glass for
construction projects or the manufacture of automobiles.
Waste Glass
According to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) (2022), glass is a
commonly recycled material that can be recycled endlessly without losing its purity or
quality. Glass wastecan be recycled into new glass products, reducing the need for raw
materials and lowering greenhouse gas emissions. Some potential challenges with
recycling glass include the need for specialized processing facilities, the potential for
contamination with other materials, and the factthat not all communities have access to
glass recycling programs. Additionally, the cost of collecting and transporting glass
for recycling can be a barrier to implementing successful glassrecycling programs.
One way to improve glass recycling rates is to increase public education and
awareness about the benefits of recycling glass and the availability of recycling programs.
Local governments andorganizations can also work to expand access to glass recycling
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facilities and implement policies to support and encourage glass recycling. Overall,
recycling glass is an important step towards reducing waste and protecting the
environment. By increasing recycling rates and finding ways to overcome challenges, it
is possible to effectively manage glass waste and reduce its impact onthe environment.
Concrete Mixer
According to Gurao, A., et.al (2017) "The order in which the various components
of theconcrete are put into this mixer, the type of mixer, the type and magnitude of forces
on the shaft,and the direction in which they act, are all factors that affect the efficiency
parameter of a mixer"is utilized to decrease power consumption, decrease shaft and blade
failure, decrease stirring resistance, and increase mixing quality. A concrete mixer, often
referred to as a cement mixer, is a device used for blending cement, aggregate (such as
sand or gravel), and water in order to create concrete. It achieves this by uniformly
mixing the ingredients within a rotating drum. In rural areas, the manual concrete mixing
method is commonly employed to produce a mixture of components. However, this
approach is time-consuming and demands significant human effort to achieve the desired
mix. Additionally, manual mixing often fails to produce a fully homogeneous mixture,
resulting in inconsistencies in the concrete composition. Due to the high cost of the many
concrete mixers available on the market, small-scale construction workers do not utilize
one.
As stated from the journal titled “Design and Calculation of a Concrete Mixer
(100 kg)” by Min Min Shwe Sin (2018) a concrete mixer has main parts which is the
Drum, Blades, Shaft & Bearing, Motor, V-Belt, and Pulleys. Sin also stated that the
working principle of the mixer is it mix all the components as it revolves its drum, in a
14
typical type concrete mixer the components such as cement, sand, gravel and water are
added manually. Also as mentioned in the paper there are several types of Concrete
Mixer:
A. Batch Concrete Mixer- Batch mixers are machines widely used for mixing
concrete. The concrete mix prepared by these mixers is mixed in separate
batches over a period of time, hence they are called batch mixers. Generally,
there are two types of batch concrete mixers:
a. Drum-type concrete mixer
Figure 1 Drum-type Concrete Mixer
b. Pan-type concrete mixers
Figure 2 Pan-type Concrete Mixer

15
B. Continuous Concrete Mixers- Continuous concrete mixers produce concrete
continuously, meaning they work without interruption until the desired
amount of concrete is produced. The process involves the loading of raw
materials, their mixing and homogenization, and the discharge of concrete, all
in one continuous operation. These mixers are especially valuable for large
projects like building skyscrapers, dams, bridges, and other similar
undertakings.
Figure 3 Continuous Concrete Mixers
C. Special Concrete Transport Trucks- A device designed to transport concrete
or finished goods directly from a concrete batching plant to a specified site is
also referred to as a transit mixer. It has the ability to carry both dry and liquid
materials, the mixing process takes place in the transport phase. or they may
come from a central mixing plant, where the materials have already been
combined prior to filling.

16
Figure 4 Special Concrete Transport Trucks
Concrete Blocks
According to Chen Z., et.al (2018) the use of concrete paving blocks is
widespread due to their flexibility in construction and low maintenance costs. Recent
technological developments have made it possible to incorporate a variety of waste
materials to encourage waste recycling. It is well known that the production of cement
requires a significant amount of energy, which has led to increased environmental
concerns. To foster sustainability, it is crucial to investigate alternative cementing
materials. Waste materials, including fly ash and slag, have emerged as viable options
for partially replacing cement in concrete. These materials have been extensively utilized
and accepted in the construction industry due to their successful incorporation in
concrete production. By utilizing fly ash and slag as partial replacements for cement, the
industry can promote sustainable practices and reduce the environmental impact
associated with traditional cement usage.

17
Pulverizer Machine/Glass Crushing
As stated by Gonzales J., et. al (2020) broken glass is a common problem in
households.Glass is fragile and can easily be shattered, resulting in shards that end up in
landfills, streams, or other waste sites. 10.2 million tons of glass waste are collected
annually, according to Waste 360. In addition to addressing the waste problem, there is
also a need to address the lack of construction materials, particularly sand. Glass waste
can also be harmful. One solution to this problem is the use of a glass-crushing machine,
which can recycle glass waste into constructionalsand. This will not only help to reduce
the amount of solid waste, but it will also decrease the market price of constructional
sand and increase its compressive strength.
According to Osadolor A., (2020) recycling glass waste can benefit engineers by
providing a raw material for making glass and other useful products. Glass recycling may
involvecrushing the glass into desired sizes using hammer mills and pulverizers. While
hammer mills fracture the glass into small pieces, known as cullets, pulverizers grind the
cullets into powder or smaller grains. Glass waste can be recycled for use in the
production of a variety of materials,including paint, abrasives, and ceramic wares. In
many developing countries, such as Nigeria, municipal waste often consists of glass
bottles and other glass items. However, many cities in these countries struggle with
poor waste management, with high environmental costs and low rates of waste
collection. Recycling waste glass can help to reduce waste and convert it into useful
products. Glass recycling requires less energy than manufacturing glass from raw
materials, and every metric ton of recycled glass saves approximately 315 kilograms of
carbon dioxide from being released into the atmosphere. Glass can be recycled
18
indefinitely to produce high-quality bottles and jars, making waste management more
efficient and leading to zero waste.
According to the news article from Digicast Negros (2021), Compact glass crusher
technology's number one aim is to lessen glass waste, in particular that which isn't
recycled by way of bottlers, such as shattered glass sheets and bottles, to ease the burden
on landfills. The emphasis is on developing a round economy thru using this generation,
which includes sustainable practices for better waste management. In addition, the use
of this era may also result in extra socially beneficial employment opportunities to be
able to assist the boom of green industries. Overall, the development of portable glass
crusher generation is a vast step in the direction of addressing the troubles related to glass
waste, enhancing sustainability, and enhancing the nearby economy and environment.
Based from the article made by GEP ECHOTECH (2021) titled “Waste Glass
Bottle Shredder Crusher Recycling Machine” glass bottles are commonly generated as
waste in various establishments such as restaurants, hotels, bars and supermarkets. To
address the issue of storage space and transportation costs associated with these bottles,
a waste glass bottle crusher was developed. Beer bottles, beverage bottles, tinned bottles,
and other sorts of waste glass can all be crushed into tiny pieces of 10 to 40 mm with this
equipment. A reduced glass bottle crusher, such as that offered by GEP ECOTECH,
provides a practical solution that saves storage space. The equipment has key
components such as feed port, crushing chamber and collection box. The glass bottles
are fed through the feeder into the crushing chamber, where rotating movable knives and
fixed knives break them and then the crushed glass is sorted through a panel and collected
in a box to complete the crushing process. Furthermore, according to GEP ECOTECH,

19
the GEP Glass Bottle Shredder Crusher can efficiently reduce the volume of different
glass wastes, enabling the disposal of solid waste and lowering the environmental impact
of waste glass bottles.
As mentioned by Glenn Hasek in the article “Crushing Bottles Cuts Costs, Saves
Space, Helps Environment” on greenlodgingnews, the crushing of glass bottles can
lower the waste volume by up to 85%. With this finding it is safe to say that if these
crushed bottles are to be transported it will only need fewer transportation vehicles to
transport it. The article also mentioned that crushed glass can be recycled and used for
things like containers, a company named EnviroGLAS Products Inc. which is based in
Texas made use of recycled glass as an ingredient for floor tiles and countertop making,
and to some places in Minnesota, they used crushed glass as aggregate on road bases.
Based from the online article made by Jordan (2023) for FTMMachinery titled “5
Glass Crushers to Accelerate Your Glass Recycling” There are 5 known types of glass
crushers used in the industry, namely:
A. Glass Jaw Crusher- Bars, restaurants, hotels, nightclubs, recycling facilities,
vacation parks, and sports clubs are all excellent uses for the glass jaw crusher.
Figure 5 Glass Jaw Crusher

20
B. Glass Hammer Crusher- For producing glass sand, the finest equipment is a
glass hammer crusher. Regardless of color, anyone can quickly and simply turn
a glass bag into sand.
Figure 6 Glass Hammer Crusher
C. Glass Impact Crusher- A multi-purpose glass crusher with greater capacity,
known as a glass-impact crusher, is designed to withstand heavy-duty use. Its
primary objective is to reduce the glass volume by up to 80%.
Figure 7 Glass Impact Crusher
D. Glass Compound Crusher- The glass compound crusher is highly suitable for a
variety of settings such as restaurants, communities, and similar gatherings. It
acts as a perfect crushing device for effectively breaking high moisture content
21
glassware.
Figure 8 Glass Compound Crusher
E. Glass Roll Crusher- One of the most practical and economical glass crushers is
the roller crusher. It can withstand both the first and second smashes of
glassware that is wet or sticky.
Figure 9 Glass Roll Crusher

22
Related Studies
As mentioned by Odi et. al (2020) as recycling and landfill tipping fees rise, many
cities are forced to recycle glass on-site in order to save money and preserve the
environment. Some communities have stopped recycling glass in favor of disposing of
it in landfills, which is now less expensive than recycling, as a result of the rising expense
of doing so through private companies and corporations. Glass is a problem that many
towns are currently dealing with. Overthe past few years, there has been no longer been
any market demand for it. It was more expensiveto send it out to be recycled than to dump
it, which is what people had to do. It was very clear that transporting the glass and then
paying a higher tipping fee to have it recycled was not cost-effective.
However, there are some materials that cannot be processed, such as glass that
contains candle wax. They perform poorly in it. Some objects of a certain size do not
want to stick in thecrusher because they clog up the machine. Crushing, impact, and
grinding are all pulverization techniques. Compressive strain and shear are crucial to this
process. Stresses develop as a result of external forces, resulting in small cracks that
eventually grow into larger ones. Based on the application of the hydraulic effect, new
pulverization principles are being developed.
As stated by Contreras et. al (2016), on the study entitled “Crushed Glass as
Partial Replacement for Fine Aggregates in Concrete”, the unit weight of crushed glass
is around 1120 kg/m3, which is less than the weight of typical aggregate. The size, grade,
and level ofcontamination of the glass, as well as the compacted density of broken glass,
will vary. In comparison to cement, glass has also demonstrated a lower compressive
strength with a rise in content used. The qualities of hardened concrete are not
23
significantly affected by the use of amber, clear, or green glass. However, when used as
Cementous material in concrete, smaller particle sizes have a significant impact on the
strength of the final product. Their study also concluded that using crushed glass as a
partial replacement for sand can make the concrete lighter, not only it made the concrete
lighter, the concrete with crushed glass is more economical than to conventional
concretes.
According to Zeybek et. al (2022) Waste glass has an amorphous structure,
contains a lot of calcium, and can be ground into powder to make pozzolanic material or
a cement ingredient. As a result, WGP can be employed in the creation of concrete by
substituting it in certain amounts with cement. According to recent studies, cement can
boost the mechanical qualities of concrete by replacing 15–25% of the glass powder. To
investigate WGP's mechanical effects on concrete when used as a cement substitute.
Cement was substituted by 25% according to Aliabdo et al. The samples' void ratio and
density were found to be decreasing, while their tensile andcompressive strengths were
found to be increasing, according to the results. In their investigation to examine the
interaction of WGP, Al Saffar et al. used cement mortar along with other materialsand
discovered that as the glass powder addition rate grew, so did the samples' compressive
strength. When 25% glass powder was added, they got the strongest result.
As mentioned by Lijing (2021) the bottle glass pulverizer with the dust removal
function is a device that is designed to reduce the amount of dust and debris that is
generated during the pulverization of glass bottles. The pulverizer consists of a
pulverizer body, a main motor, an auxiliary motor, and a containing box. The pulverizer
body has a feeding opening at the top andwater injection baffles on the left and right
24
sides. The auxiliary motor is connected to the rear ofthe pulverizer body and drives the
main pulverizing roller. The containing box is located at the bottom of the pulverizer
body, and the device is supported by legs at the corners of the lower surface. The
design of the pulverizer allows for easy operation and high pulverizing efficiency.
Additionally, the use of water spraying helps to reduce the amount of dust and debris
that is generated during the pulverization process.
According to Xinyue (2018) the glass pulverizer is a device that is designed to
effectivelypulverize glass while minimizing the amount of dust that is generated. The
pulverizer consists ofa machine body, two motors, two rotary rollers, and a baffle. The
machine body has a work cavitythat is equipped with a feeding inlet at the top and the two
rotary rollers, which are both equipped with roller teeth. Additionally, the pulverizer
includes a water tank, a communication hose, a sprayer, and a high-pressure water pump,
which are used to reduce the amount of dust generatedduring the pulverization process.
The pulverizer also has two upper fixing frames, two lower fixing frames, a partition
plate, two supporting plates, a supporting rod, a threaded rod, a threadedpipe, a driving
gear, a driven gear, a chain, and a servo motor. These components work togetherto ensure
that the glass is effectively pulverized and that the pulverized glass can be discharged
conveniently. Overall, the glass pulverizer has good practicality and using reliability,
and it is effective at reducing the risk of injury to operators.
As stated by Hao et. al (2020) The glass pulverizer feeding device is a device that
is usedto feed glass into a glass pulverizer. The feeding device consists of a feeding shell,
an auxiliary structure, a breaking structure, a protection structure, and a guide structure.
These components work together to protect the glass as it is fed into the inner part of the
25
feeding shell, break the glass into two pieces, and guide the broken glass into the glass
pulverizer for pulverization. Theprotection structure ensures that the glass is properly
guided into the feeding shell, and the breaking structure breaks the glass into two pieces.
The guide structure is driven to work when the breaking structure is in use, which helps
to guide the broken glass into the auxiliary structureand remove any glass fragments.
This design facilitates the smoothness of the surface of the guide structure and makes it
easier to feed folded glass into the glass pulverizer. Additionally,
the auxiliary structure supports the feeding shell, which helps to ensure that the glass is
properlyguided into the glass pulverizer. Overall, the glass pulverizer feeding device is
effective at facilitating the feeding and pulverization of glass.
According to the study of Abarquez (2015) entitled “Effectiveness of Concrete
Using Asphalt Waste as Coarse Aggregate and Glass Waste as Fine Aggregate”, it was
found out that the effects of crushed glass as fine aggregates replacement in fresh and
hardened properties of concrete, they observedthat fresh concrete using more crushed
glass as fine aggregates for replacement establishes a lossin slump. Therefore, the more
waste glass used, the higher slump loss obtained by the concrete. Also, in compressive
strength using waste glass as fine aggregates up to 50% increases the compressive
strength of the concrete.
Crushed glass can also be used in concrete as a partial replacement for fine
aggregates, according to the findings of their investigation. As already noted, concrete
that contains up to 50% shattered glass is stronger than concrete that doesn't.
According to Odi et al. (2020) reported that the performance of the pulverizer is
26
typicallydetermined by how many pieces of glass bottles can be broken down in a certain
duration; one piece can be pulverized in 5 seconds, 10 to 15 within a minute, 150 to 200
in fifteen minutes, 300 to 350 in half an hour, 600 to 750 in an hour, and 4,800 to 5,000
within eight hours.
According to the findings of Mohajerani et al. (2017) in their study titled "A
Review of Practical Recycling Applications of Crushed Waste Glass in Construction
Materials," incorporating waste glass as a construction material yields beneficial
outcomes. The research concludes that the reuse of waste glass helps to reduce the
volume of glass in landfills worldwide, lowers the demand for minerals typically
required by the construction industry, and mitigates the environmental impact associated
with the carbon footprint generated by construction activities.
According to a study conducted by Patil et al. (2020) titled “Design and
Construction of a Glass Crushing Machine,” they highlighted the environmental benefits
of recycling waste glass. An important benefit is exemplified by the recycling of glass
bottles, which can save significant amounts of raw materials. Recycling can prevent the
need for 1,300 pounds of sand, 410 pounds of soda ash, 380 pounds of limestone, and 160
pounds of feldspar, for instance. Additionally, as mentioned on the study, recycling 6 tons
of glass can reduce one ton of carbon dioxide and greenhouse gas emission.
27
Conceptual Framework
INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT
➢ Knowledge ➢ Planning and

about designing. ➢ Glass Bottle
pulverizing ➢ Data Analysis Pulverizer
machine with ➢ Fabrication with Mixer
for Making
mixer. ➢ Testing of Hollow
➢ Design ➢ Evaluating and Solid
Elements Concrete
Blocks
➢ Materials
Figure 10 – The Input – Process – Output of

the Study
The figure 10 shows the series of activities to be followed in doing the study or
the Input,Process and Output (IPO) model of the project operation. This demonstrates
the plan of the Activities or sequence of operation that serve as guide for the proponents
in doing the said research. In input, it includes the knowledge about Pulverizing machine
with mixer, the design elements and the materials in making the machine. The process
shows the process in building the prototype by planning and designing, data analysis,
fabrication, testing and evaluating. Lastly, in the output stage it will be the Glass
Pulverizer with mixer for making hollow and solidconcrete block

28
Chapter III
METHODOLOGY
The methodology and procedures of the study are presented in this chapter. The
components of the methodology include the research locale, the respondents of the study,
the research design, the research instrument, the procedure for data collection, the
method of data collection, and the statistical treatment of the data. These components are
used to achieve the objectives of the study.
Research Locale
The study will be conducted in certain barangays of Manggalang 1, Concepcion,
and Talaan, Sariaya, Quezon, indicating the specific location where the research will take
place. This information is important for contextualizing the study and understanding the
target community. The researchers have a hopeful expectation that the glass pulverizer will
bring benefits to the community. These benefits include reducing the amount of waste sent
to landfills. By pulverizing the glass bottles, the volume of waste occupying landfill space
can be minimized, thus contributing to waste management and environmental
sustainability efforts. Additionally, the researchers aim to promote recycling through the
implementation of the glass pulverizer. By providing a convenient and efficient method for
glass recycling, the study hopes to encourage community members to recycle their glass
bottles instead of disposing of them as general waste. Overall, the study's goal is to
introduce a glass pulverizer as a solution to the problem of unrecycled glass bottles, with
29
the aim of reducing waste, promoting recycling, and benefiting the communities of
Manggalang 1, Concepcion, and Talaan , Sariaya, Quezon
Research Design
The primary objective of this research is to construct a glass pulverizer in the
context of recycling glass bottles for the production of solid and hollow concrete blocks.
The research design will involve the development of a specialized machine capable of
effectively pulverizing pre-crushed glass bottles. To achieve this objective, an applied and
experimental research approach will be adopted. The researchers will leverage their
analytical skills and knowledge in the field to design and construct the glass pulverizer
with mixer. The experimental aspect of this research will involve testing the performance
and effectiveness of the glass pulverizer. The researchers will conduct comprehensive
experiments to evaluate the machine's design, effectiveness,accuracy, and capacity. The
findings of this research will contribute to the body of knowledge in the field of recycling
and sustainable construction practices. The results can be used by stakeholders in the
construction industry, waste management agencies, and policymakers to make informed
decisions regarding the adoption and implementation of glass pulverizers in concrete block
production.
Research Instrument
The researcher will gather different data and information through internet and
published materials, such as journals, books and unpublished studies relating to

30
research’s topic.
Another reference that will be used to gather data and information came from the
actualobservation of the various output, which is the Glass Bottle Pulverizer with Mixer
for Making ofHollow and Solid Concrete Blocks, and numerous testing’s of the whole
system of the machine.
In addition to these reviews, the researchers employed a variety of tools to collect
and analyze the necessary data for the computation and analysis used in the development
of the Glass Bottle Pulverizer with Mixer for Making of Hollow and Solid Concrete
Blocks.
The following tools/instruments were utilized to gather the required data for the
prototype construction:
1. Smartphone Timer - it was used to determine the time the pre-crushed bottles to
be pulverized.
2. Weighing Scale- it was used to determine the overall weight of the pre-crushed
glass bottles and compare to the weight it will have after it undergone pulverizing.
31
Tabular Presentation
A. Capacity Test
Table 1. Capacity of Glass Bottle Pulverizer with Mixer in terms of

Production Capacity
Capacity of Glass Bottle Pulverizer with Mixer in terms of Production Capacity

Units of Production (per weight
Duration Time Interval of 1 Concrete Blocks mixture) Production Rate
1 hour per 20 mins
0:00
0:20 1 Concrete Blocks =16 kg
0:40
TOTAL 1 HOUR
This table represents the production capacity of a glass bottle pulverizer with a
mixer in terms of producing Concrete Blocks. The duration considered is one hour, with
time intervals of 20 minutes. The units of production are specified as 1 Concrete Blocks
Mixture, which is equivalent to 16 kg. The table provides an overview of the production
rates for each time interval within the one-hour duration, allowing for monitoring and
evaluation of the machine's performance in terms of output.
B. Accuracy Test
Table 2. Accuracy of Glass Bottle Pulverizer with Mixer
Accuracy of Glass Bottle Pulverizer with Mixer
Desired Percentage
Weight for Actual Difference
Time CB Weight on CB from Desired
Trial Glass Type (sec) Mixture Mixture Weight Accuracy
1 Medicine Bottles 4kg
2 Ketchup Bottles 4kg
3 Softdrinks Bottles 4kg
32
Liquor Bottles
4 (Beer) 4kg
Liquor Bottles
5 (Emperador) 4kg
This test aims to evaluate the accuracy of a glass bottle pulverizer with a mixer in
achieving the desired weight for CB (Concrete Blocks) mixture. Different types of glass
bottles were used in trials, and their respective processing times in seconds were recorded.
The desired weight for each CB mixture was set at 4kg, and the actual weight of the CB
mixture produced was measured to calculate the percentage difference from the desired
weight, providing insights into the accuracy of the machine's performance.
C. Effectiveness Test
Table 3. Effectiveness of Glass Bottle Pulverizer with Mixer
Effectiveness of Glass Bottle Pulverizer with Mixer

Time (secs)
Standard
Glass Type Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 Mean Deviation
Medicine Bottles (4kg)
Ketchup Bottles (4kg)
Soft drinks Bottles (4kg)
Liquor Bottles (Beer) (4kg)
Liquor Bottles (Emperador)
(4kg)
Average Time
This table represents the effectiveness of a glass bottle pulverizer with a mixer,
measured in terms of time taken to process different types of glass bottles with the
concrete mixture. The trials were conducted for each bottle type, and the results are
recorded in seconds. The mean and standard deviation provide an overall indication of
the average processing time and the variability across the trials, respectively. The table
33
allows for comparison and evaluation of the machine's effectiveness in pulverizing and
mixing different types of glass bottles together with concrete mixtures.
Procedures/Data Gathering Procedures
The researcher will follow the corresponding method to ensure the success and reliability
of this study by:
Gathering of information
The useful data and information found in the different reference materials were
gathered by the researchers, and this include the following:
1. Variety of sources, including books, journals, articles, magazines,
project documentations, unpublished studies, technical reports, and
other readingmaterials.
2. Evaluation of the accuracy and reliability of the information found, to
identifythe materials most relevant to their research.
3. Consultation from the adviser and other professionals that can be
helpful to thestudy.
Planning and Designing the Machine
1. Design a layout for the machine.
2. Plan the construction of the mechanical parts of the machine.
Gathering of the Materials needed
1. Searching for possible locations where to buy the materials needed.

34
2. Canvassing of the materials.
3. Buying/ordering of the needed materials.
Assembling and Fabrication of Machine
1. Create a design of the machine that produced the desired output.
2. Contingency of the available materials required to the fabrication of the
machineincluding the major parts of components and its peripheral.
Operating Procedure of the Glass Bottle Pulverizer with Mixer for Making
1. The glass bottles, which is pre-crushed, will be manually fed on the pulverizer
of the machine.
2. Then the pulverizer will make it finer.
3. Then the finer substances will accumulate in the mixer and only start the
process of mixing when the set weight is reached and will be mixed together
with the cement, sand, and water.
4. Lastly, after all the materials are mixed, the mixture will go down and
will be inserted to the ready-made molder for solid and hollow concrete
blocks.
Testing and Evaluating the Glass Bottle Pulverizer with Mixer for Making
Hollowand Solid Concrete Blocks
1. Test the capacity of the machine in terms of producing concrete blocks,
production rate.
2. Test the accuracy of the machine by comparing the actual pulverized glass
35
going to the mixer and the desired weight the researchers set on the program.
3. Analyzation and evaluation of all the results.
4. Determine the elements for the development of the study.
Time Allotment
The researchers present the program of the activities in the construction
of GlassBottle Pulverizer for Making Hollow and Solid Concrete Blocks. It is
shown in Table 4.
Table 4. Work Sequence of Activities and Duration
Evaluation Procedure
In this stage, the evaluation of the proposed system will be conducted, this also
includes performing all the necessary computations for evaluation. The evaluation process
plays a crucial role in determining the overall performance and feasibility of the system.
36
This evaluation procedure will provide valuable insights for improving the system's
performance and identifying any areas that require enhancement.
In correspondence with the evaluation, the evaluation criteria of the proposed
system are the following;
• Design
The evaluation of the design of the proposed system will focus on how the
researchers have utilized formulas and computations to determine the
appropriate motor specifications for both the crushing of waste glass and the
mixing of concrete mixtures. This evaluation aspect assesses the technical
aspects of the system's design and ensures that the chosen motor specifications
align with the requirements of the pulverizer and mixer.
• Accuracy
The evaluation of the accuracy of the proposed system involves comparison
of the desired weight of the crushed glass that is going to the mixer that is
registered or sensed before the mixing process starts, and the actual weight of
the crushed glass on the mixture. This will be done by series of testing of the
prototype to accumulate the data to be recorded in the table.
• Effectiveness
The evaluation of the effectiveness of the machine involves the tabulation
and data gathering of the time that the machine able to complete 1 process
37
(pulverizing to mixing) using different type of glass bottles. This will be done
by actual testing of the prototype to accumulate the data to be recorded in the
table.
• Capacity
The evaluation of the capacity of the machine, which is in terms of
production involves the testing of how many blocks the machine can produce
based on the number of batch it can mixed during a time interval. Also, in this
evaluation the total net weight capacity of the mixer and the pulverizer will be
computed and included in the appendices of the study.
Statistical Treatment
Average or Weighted Mean
The weighted mean is a measure of central tendency that takes into account the
relative importance or weights assigned to different data points. By assigning appropriate
weights to each data point, the weighted mean provides a more accurate representation of
the overall average, considering the varying significance of individual observations. This
statistical approach allows for a more nuanced analysis and interpretation of the data,
providing valuable insights into the research findings.

38
Standard Deviation
A dataset's dispersion or spread can be measured statistically using the standard
deviation. It offers insightful information on how the variance of data points around the
mean varies. A lower standard deviation shows that the data points are nearer the mean,
whereas a higher standard deviation indicates greater variability. Researchers can analyze
the consistency and dependability of their data by computing the standard deviation.
Standard deviation is additionally frequently used in hypothesis testing and decision-
making procedures, assisting researchers in determining the significance of observed
variations or associations within a dataset. Researchers may efficiently summarize and
analyze their data by having a solid understanding of standard deviation, which enables
them to reach more precise findings and apply sound statistical analysis.
Percentage Difference
This method will be used to determine how accurate the measurement that the prototype
will give in comparison to the actual measurement using the other tools for measurement,
one example of it is a weighing scale.
General Formula:
𝑃2 − 𝑃1
𝑃𝐷 = 𝑥 100%
𝑃1
Where; PD = Percentage Difference
𝐏𝟐 = Actual Measurement using weighing scale
𝐏𝟏 = Fixed Value of Crushed GLass to be mixed in the CB Mixture

39
Accuracy
It describes how closely the outcomes of an experiment match the real values or
conditions of the phenomenon under investigation.
General Formula:
𝐴𝑐𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑦 = (100 – Percentage Difference) %
Motor HP Calculation for Design
It refers to determine the proper/ appropriate motor rating for the machine Glass
Bottle Pulverizer with Mixer for Making Hollow and Solid Concrete Blocks. It involves
using the formula to get the Crushing Power, Force, and lastly the Watts to Horsepower
Conversion.
𝐹𝜋𝐷𝑁
𝑃=
60
Where, P= Crushing Power
F= Force in Newtons
D= Driven’s Diameter based on measurement
N= motor driver rated speed
𝐹 = 𝑚𝑔
Where, F= Force in Newtons
m= mass of the object to me mounted on the machine

40
g= acceleration due to gravity
Power Conversion
1 HP= 746 W
Capacity Calculation for Pulverizer and Mixer
It involves the use of formulas like determining the volume of the containers, using
the constants like density of the materials to be fed on the machine.
a) For Pulverizer
1
𝑉= 𝜋ℎ(𝑟1 2 + 𝑟2 2 + 𝑟1 + 𝑟2 )
3
Where, V= Volume
h= height of the container
𝑟1 = radius of the top opening
𝑟2 = radius of bottom opening
𝑀𝑎𝑥 𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝑊𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝐶𝑎𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 = 𝑉 𝑥 𝐺𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝐷𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑦
Where, Weight Capacity= total load the pulverizer can handle in 1 operation
V= Volume
Glass density= 2.4g/cm^3 – 2.8 g/cm^3
b) For Concrete Mixer
𝐹 = 𝑚𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑔
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Where, F= Concrete Mixer Mixing force
𝑚𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 = mass of container +mass of concrete mixture used in testing
𝑉 = 𝜋𝑟𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑛 2 ℎ
Where, V= Volume
𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑢𝑠 𝑡𝑜𝑝+𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑢𝑠 𝑚𝑖𝑑+𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑢𝑠 𝑏𝑜𝑡𝑡𝑜𝑚

𝑟𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑛 = 3
h= height of mixer container
𝑀𝑎𝑥 𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝑊𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝐶𝑎𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 = 𝑉 𝑥 𝐷𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑤𝑒𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑒 𝑚𝑖𝑥𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒

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Chapter IV
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
The research results based on the information gathered from the numerous trials are
discussed in depth in this chapter. It includes examined data tables, mathematical
computations, and an accompanying explanation. It serves as the foundation for research
findings and recommendations. In addition, it includes system overview, project technical
details, project structure, its evaluation, limitations and capabilities, cost analysis,
components used for research.
System Overview
Figure 11 Glass Bottle Pulverizer with Mixer for Making Hollow and Solid Concrete
Blocks
The Glass Bottle Pulverizer with Mixer for Making Hollow and Solid Concrete
Blocks is a comprehensive machine designed to efficiently and effectively process glass
bottles into pulverized material, which is then mixed with concrete to produce both hollow
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and solid concrete blocks. This innovative system combines the processes of glass bottle
pulverization and concrete block mixture manufacturing, offering a seamless solution for
recycling glass and producing construction materials.
Figure 12 Glass Bottle Pulverizer with Mixer for Making Hollow and Solid
Concrete Blocks
The machine integrates a pulverizer that grinds glass bottles into fine particles, a
mixer that combines the pulverized glass with concrete mixture ingredients namely, sand,
cement, and water. With its advanced functionality and environmentally conscious design,
this system provides a sustainable approach to waste management while contributing to the
construction industry's demand for reliable and eco-friendly building materials.

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Project Technical Description
1. Motors
a. 3.0 horse power motor
The specification of the 3.0 horse power motor is: Model: YL 8022, Rated Voltage:
220v, Rated Power: 2.2kW, Speed: 2800r/min, Rated Current: 6.2A, Temperatures:75-
degree, Frequency: 50hz. The 3.0 hp motor in the Glass Bottle Pulverizer is responsible for
the pulverizing process, where it grinds glass bottles into small even pulverize glass. By
harnessing the power of the motor, the pulverizer achieves efficient and effective glass
pulverization, ensuring that the resulting material is suitable for mixing with concrete. The
motor's strength and reliability enable the machine to pulverize glass bottles quickly and
consistently, contributing to the production of concrete solid and hollow blocks.
Figure 13 3.0 horse power motor
b. MY1025 HIGHSPEED DC SPEED MOTOR
The specification of my1025 highspeed dc speed motor Brand: COOFARI,
MY1025 High speed motor, Rated voltage: 24V, Speed: 2750 RPM, Output power: 250
W, Rated current: less than 14 A, Motor weight: 1.9kg, Load weight: 75kg, Mounting hole
distance: 42-95mm (four holes), Mounting aperture: 6mm Motor diameter: 101mm, Motor
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body height: 82.5mm, Total length of motor: 108mm, Motor gear: 11 teeth., Applicable
chain: 25H small chain. Package size: 11*13*8.5cm, Weight: 2KG, Used For: Electric
Bicycle, Electric wheelchair, two-wheel balance car, scooter. The function of this motor in
the mixer of provides the necessary power for the mixing process. With its lower
horsepower rating, the motor is designed to handle the blending and agitation of the
pulverized glass and concrete materials efficiently. The motor's size is suitable for the
capacity and requirements of the mixer, allowing it to effectively mix the ingredients and
contribute to the production of high-quality concrete blocks.
Figure 14 My1025 Highspeed Dc Speed Motor
c. Hammer Mill (220 V)
Model: JWP – Small 150 Execution Standard, Supporting power: 750 W, Spindle
Speed: 1400r/min. The function of a hammer mill glass bottle pulverizer with a mixer is to
crush glass bottles into small particles or powder. This pulverized glass can then be mixed
with other materials to make hollow and solid concrete blocks. The hammer mill's rotating
hammers pulverize the glass bottles, while the mixer ensures proper blending of the
pulverized glass with the concrete mixture for block production.

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Figure 15 Hammer Mill (220 V)
2. Crushing Machine Components
a. Cast Iron Red Pulley & Pulley Belt
The specification of a. Cast Iron Red Pulley & Pulley Belt are: Belt Selection 1,
Capacity 1-to-2-ton, Belt type Rubber. In function of the Cast Iron RED Pulley and pulley
belt serve the function of transmitting rotational motion and power between the glass bottle
pulverizer and mixer. In the pulley belt wraps around the pulleys, providing a mechanical
connection and enabling the transfer of energy and movement and the Cast Iron RED
Pulley typically made of durable cast iron material, provides stability, strength, and
longevity to ensure efficient operation of the system.
Figure 16 Cast Iron Red Pulley & Pulley Belt
b. Round Glass Fed Port/Silo

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The specification of this silo is Made: Stainless Steel. The function of this Round Glass
Fed Port/Silo is to serves as an input port for introducing glass bottles into the pulverizer
and mixer system. It is a circular opening designed specifically for the glass bottle feeding
process. The Round Glass Fed Port allows for controlled and efficient insertion of glass
bottles into the system for pulverization and mixing in the production of concrete blocks.
Figure 17 Round Glass Fed Port/Silo
c. Angle Bars Steel
The specification of this angle bars are Made: Iron Steel, Size: 30mm x 30mm and
15mm by 15mm, Thickness: 3mm to 6mm. This Angle bars is used for structural support
and reinforcement within the pulverizer system, providing stability and strength to the
equipment. It can also be used for creating frames, mounting brackets, or other structural
components necessary for the proper functioning of the pulverizer system. The Angle bars
that we used is a steel that versatile in their applications within industrial settings.
Figure 18 Angle Bars Steel

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d. Nuts & Bolts and Washers
The specification of nuts and bolts and washers are: Made: Stainless Nuts & Bolts,
Size: 10mm & 14mm, Washer’s Made: Stainless Steel, Washer’s size: 10mm and 14mm.
The function of this nuts, Bolts and Washer’s is to securely fasten and connect different
components of the system. Nuts provide threaded holes, bolts offer threaded shafts, and
washers distribute load and prevent damage while improving stability. Together, they
ensure the proper assembly and reliable operation of the glass bottle pulverizer and mixer.
Figure 19 Nuts & Bolts and Washers
3. Mixer Components
a. Bucket
The specifications of Buckets are Made: Plastics, Height: 41inches, Weight: 0.75,
Volume:16 litters of water or paint. The function of bucket in the Glass Bottle Pulverizer
with Mixer serves as the mixing container for combining pulverized glass and concrete
materials. It provides a spacious and sturdy space for the mixing process to take place. The
bucket's design allows for efficient blending of the materials, ensuring a homogeneous
mixture that can be used for the production of solid and hollow blocks.
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Figure 20 Bucket
b. Tubular Square Steel
The specifications of Tubular square Steel are Made: Iron Steel, Size: 50.8mm x
50.8mm, Thickness: 3mm to 6mm. The function of the Tubular Square steel is to create a
frame and withstand the forces and vibrations involved in the mixing process. The tubular
square steel construction of the mixer provides structural stability and durability, allowing
it to handle the mixing operation effectively and efficiently.
Figure 21 Tubular Square Steel
c. Motor Sprocket and Chain
The specifications of Motor Sprocket and Chain are: Motor Sprocket, Ratio: Front 14
and 52 Rear, Motor Cycle Chain. The function of sprocket in our machine with a gear ratio
of 14 and 52 is to driving and driven of the mixer for mixing the glass into other
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components. And by the help of this sprocket in the machine is to achieve the right torque
and speed of the mixer. And by the help of chain gear between the sprocket it moves
clockwise.
Figure 22 Motor Sprocket and Chain
4. Sensor in glass bottle pulverizer with mixer for making hollow and solid
concrete blocks
a. Ultrasonic Sensors
The specification of Ultrasonic Sensors is: Operating Voltage: 5V DC, Current:
15mA, Frequency: 40kHz, Measurement range: 2cm – 400cm, Resolution: 0.3cm,
Dimensions: 45x20x15mm. The function of these Ultra Sonic, sensors detect the weight of
the material being mixed and stop the mixer automatically once it reaches a predetermined
weight, typically around 4kg. This feature ensures that the mixer operates within its
designated capacity, preventing overloading and potential malfunctions. Furthermore, the
ultrasonic sensors contribute to the safety of the operation by preventing excessive strain
on the mixer's components, promoting a safer and more efficient concrete block production
process.
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Figure 23 Ultrasonic Sensors
5. Control box with push button
The control box with push buttons in a glass bottle pulverizer with a mixer for
making hollow and solid concrete blocks serves the purpose of controlling and operating
the entire system. The push buttons allow the user to start, stop, and adjust various
functions of the pulverizer and mixer, such as the speed, duration, and intensity of the
processes. It provides a convenient and user-friendly interface for managing the
pulverization and mixing operations in the block production process.
Figure 24 Control Box with Push Button
a. 16 x 4 Character LCD Display with Backlight Technical Data
The specifications of 16 x 4 Character LCD Display with Backlight Technical Data
are: 4 Lines x 16 Characters, Dots 5 x 8 with Cursor, Integrated Controller (HD44780 or
similar), Power Supply: +5V, Duty Circle of 1/16. The function of 16x4 character LCD
display with backlight is to provide a visual interface for monitoring and controlling the
glass bottle pulverizer and mixer system. It is also functioning as displaying a relevant
information such as operational status, the weight in kg and our thesis title. And the
backlight of the lcd is to ensures visibility in different lighting conditions, enhancing
usability and user interaction with the system.

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Figure 25 16 x 4 Character LCD Display with Backlight Technical Data
b. Arduino R3
The specification of Arduino R3 are: Operating Voltages:5 volts, Input voltage: 7-
12Volts (Recommended), Input voltage 6-15V (Limit). The function of Arduino R3 is to
control and automate the operation of the glass bottle pulverizer and mixer in your concrete
block-making process. It enables to program and control the timing, speed, and operation
of the machines, providing precision and efficiency. Additionally, the Arduino R3 allows
offering insights for process optimization and monitoring.
Figure 26 Arduino R3
c. Magnetic Contactor
The specification of Magnetic Contactor is: Type of Electricity: AC, there are four
poles, Voltage for Main Circuit Rating: 690V, 150A is the main circuit rating current. The
magnetic contactors are used in this machine by the control the power supply and operation
of various components in the glass bottle pulverizer and mixer system. It is used to switch
the power on and off to the motors, heating elements, and other electrical devices involved
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in the process. Contactors ensure reliable and safe operation by handling high currents and
providing a means to control and protect the electrical circuits in “GLASS BOTTLE
PULVERIZER WITH MIXER FOR MAKING HOLLOW AND SOLID CONCRETE
BLOCKS”.
Figure 27 Magnetic Contactor
d. Insulated Copper Wires
The specifications of Insulated Copper Wires are: Made: Copper, Protection:
Insulated, wire size is 14 AWG wires. The wires in the Glass Bottle Pulverizer with Mixer
provide electrical connectivity for powering the motor and enabling communication
between components. They ensure the motor receives the necessary electrical supply for
operation and allow sensors to transmit measurements. Proper wiring is essential for the
machine's functionality, facilitating efficient pulverizing and mixing processes for concrete
block production.
Figure 28 Insulated Copper Wires

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Project Structure/Organization
Figure 29 Flow Chart: Glass Bottle Pulverizer with Mixer for Making Hollow and
Solid Concrete Blocks
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The flowchart provided outlines the process of crushing glass bottles with a mixer.
The process begins by placing the glass bottle in a container or silo. Once the bottles are in
place, the crusher begins the grinding process by breaking the pre-crushed glass bottles
into small pieces and then the crushed glass flows into the mixer. At this stage, if the weight
of the crushed glass is found to be less than 4 kg, the crushing process continues, indicating
that more glass needs to be crushed to reach the desired weight and on the other hand, if
the weight sensor detects that the crushed glass has reached 4 kg, it triggers the mixing
process. In addition, a signal is sent to the crusher, which instructs itself to stop crushing
the glass. During the mixing process, crushed glass is combined with other materials to
form a concrete mix. Once the mixing is finished, the resulting concrete mix is discharged.
Finally, the process concludes with the end of the entire operation.
This flowchart provides a clear visual representation of the successive steps
involved in the glass bottle crusher with the mixer process. It shows how the system
efficiently crushes glass bottles, measures their weight, starts mixing when the desired
weight is reached, and finishes by discharging the final concrete mix This systematic
approach ensures an automated and streamlined process for producing concrete blocks
using recycled glass bottles.

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Wiring Diagram
Figure 30 Wiring Diagram: Glass Bottle Pulverizer with Mixer for Making Hollow
and Solid Concrete Blocks
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Figure 15 Wiring Diagram: Glass Bottle Pulverizer with Mixer for Making Hollow
and Solid Concrete Blocks shows the wiring diagram of the prototype " Glass Bottle
Pulverizer with mixer for Creating Hollow and Solid Blocks". The 4x16 LCD Display,
relay module, ultrasonic sensor, and other related components were all controlled by the
researcher using an Arduino Uno. The Arduino Uno is powered by a 12 Vdc source, after
which it sends a signal to the attached components. Additionally, it displays the prototype
sensing device's wiring diagram. It is a part of the system that is linked to the Arduino Uno.
The researchers used ultrasonic sensor. Along with the diagram, the connections of the two
motors of the prototype are shown. The motor of the mixer is connected on the power
supply and on the NO pin of the Relay Module, while the motor of the pulverizer is
controlled by a magnetic contactor which will be energized when an electric current flows
in its path.
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Project Evaluation
A. Capacity Test
Table 5. Capacity of Glass Bottle Pulverizer with Mixer in terms of Production

Capacity
Capacity of Glass Bottle Pulverizer with Mixer in terms of Production Capacity

Units of Production (per weight
Duration Time Interval of 1 CB mixture) Production Rate
1 hour per 20 mins
0:00 6 CB MIXTURE
0:20 1 CB Mixture=16 kg 6 CB MIXTURE
0:40 6 CB MIXTURE
TOTAL 1 HOUR 18 CB MIXTURE
Table 5 represents the production capacity of a glass bottle pulverizer with a mixer
in terms of producing CB (Concrete Blocks) mixture. The duration considered is one hour,
divided into time intervals of 20 minutes. Each time interval, starting from 0:00, is
evaluated to determine the production rate. The "Units of Production" column specifies
that one CB Mixture is equivalent to 16 kg. The table shows that within the one-hour
duration, the machine consistently produces 6 CB Mixtures per 20-minute interval,
resulting in a total production of 18 CB Mixtures for the entire hour. As per the
computations done in the appendices, 1 CB mixture production with 16 kg mass consumes
about 195.626 after getting the average of the 3 trials done in Effectiveness Test. On the
other hand, also based on the calculations made to determine the capacity of the machine,
we found out that the weight load capacity that the pulverizer can handle is about 12.6933
kg and the total weight load capacity that the mixer can handle is 52.1985 kg.
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B. Accuracy Test
Table 6. Accuracy of Glass Bottle Pulverizer with Mixer
Accuracy of Glass Bottle Pulverizer with Mixer
Desired Percentage
Weight for Actual Difference
Time CB Weight on CB from Desired
Trial Glass Type (sec) Mixture Mixture Weight Accuracy
1 Medicine Bottles 75.2 4kg 3.6kg 10% 90%
2 Ketchup Bottles 81.35 4kg 3.9kg 2.50% 97.50%
3 Soft drinks Bottles 82.45 4kg 3.9kg 2.50% 97.50%
Liquor Bottles
4 (Beer) 81.5 4kg 3.4kg 15% 85%
Liquor Bottles
5 (Empirador) 88.21 4kg 3.8kg 5% 95%
Table 6 Accuracy of glass bottle pulverizer with mixer shows the time in seconds
for every 4kg of different glass bottles such as Medicine bottles, Ketchup Bottles, Soft
drinks bottles, Liquor Bottles (Beer), Liquor bottles (Emperador) to be pulverized. This
table also shows the desired weight for CB mixture which is 4kg and the actual weight on
CB mixture when it is pulverized. The "Glass Bottle Pulverizer with mixer for creating
hollow and concrete blocks" used ultrasonic sensor on the mixer. The ultrasonic sensor will
sense if the right amount of pulverized glass reaches its certain height which is equivalent
to 4kg. The table shows that the time it takes to pulverized a 4 kg medicine bottles has a
time of 75.2 seconds, Ketchup Bottles has a time of 81.35 seconds, soft drinks bottles have
82. 45 seconds, liquor bottles (beer) have 81.5 seconds and lastly liquor bottle (Emperador)
has 88.21 seconds. Furthermore, the table also shows the value of the actual weight when
it is pulverized, the pulverized medicine bottles has a weight of 3.6kg, the ketchup bottle
has 3.9kg, the soft drinks bottles has 3.9 kg, the liquor bottle (beer) has 3.4kg and lastly the
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liquor bottle (Emperador) has 3.8kg. The percentage difference from the desired weight
were also in the table, the medicine bottle has a 10% percentage difference, the ketchup
bottle has a percentage difference of 2.50%, the Softdrinks bottles has a percentage
difference of 2.50%, the liquor bottle (beer) has a percentage difference of 15%, and lastly
the liquor bottle (Emperador) has a percentage difference of 5%. So, we can clearly see
from the values that we have gathered that the medicine bottle has an accuracy of 90%, the
ketchup bottle has 97.50 % accuracy, the Softdrinks bottles has 97.50% accuracy, the liquor
bottle (beer) has 85% accuracy and lastly, the liquor bottle (Emperador) has a 95%
accuracy.
C. Effectiveness Test
Table 7. Effectiveness of Glass Bottle Pulverizer with Mixer
Effectiveness of Glass Bottle Pulverizer with Mixer

Time (secs)
Standard
Glass Type Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 Mean Deviation
189.5 185.29 188.37 2.2035
Medicine Bottles (4kg) 190.32
195.26 198 193.09 195.45
Ketchup Bottles (4kg) 2.009
196.13 194.3167 2.057
Soft drinks Bottles (4kg) 195.38 191.44
197.5 199.28 197.27
Liquor Bottles (Beer) (4kg) 195.03 1.7427
Liquor Bottles (Emperador) 201.34 197.09 200.6367 2.6557
(4kg) 203.48
Average Time 195.796 194.22 195.61 195.2087
Table 7 Effectiveness of glass bottle pulverizer with mixer shows the time in
seconds for the " Glass Bottle Pulverizer with mixer for creating hollow and concrete
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blocks" to pulverized and mix different kinds of glass bottles such as Medicine Bottles,
Ketchup Bottles, Soft drinks bottles, Liquor bottle (beer), and Liquor bottles (Emperador).
We have three trials for each bottle to determine their average time. The table shows that
from trial one to three the medicine bottles have an average time of 188.37 seconds, the
ketchup bottle has an average time of 195.45 seconds, Softdrinks bottled got 194. 3167
seconds, Liquor Bottle (beer) has a time of 197.27 seconds and lastly the liquor bottle
(Emperador) has an average time of 200.6367 seconds. Also, the average time of the
different bottles are obtained, the average time of all different bottles for trial one got a
time of 195. 796 seconds, trial two has 194.22 seconds and lastly trial three has 195.61
seconds We can clearly see from the table that the " Glass Bottle Pulverizer with mixer for
creating Hollow and Concrete Blocks" has the fastest time to perform its operation if the
bottle is medicine bottles while it has the longest time to perform when the liquor bottle
(Emperador) was used. Based on the results, the average time for all glass bottle types
ranged from 194.22 to 195.796 seconds, with a standard deviation ranging from 1.7427 to
2.6557 seconds. These findings suggest that the glass bottle pulverizer with mixer provides
a relatively consistent and efficient performance in terms of time consumption for crushing
and mixing different types of glass bottles.
Project Cost Analysis
The project cost analysis for the Glass Bottle Pulverizer with a mixer for making Hollow
and Solid Concrete Blocks is a crucial aspect of the overall project development. This cost
analysis aims to provide a comprehensive evaluation of the expenses associated with

62
acquiring, and operating the glass bottle pulverizer with mixer. By considering factors such
as material costs, labor expenses, and other miscellaneous expenses, this analysis will
contribute to assist in determining the machine's economic feasibility and its potential
impact on the construction industry's sustainability and waste management practices.
Table 8. Project Cost
No. Description Quantity Unit Unit Price (Php) Total Price (Php)
Control Box
1 Pushbuttons & indicator 4 pcs 300 1200
2 5V Adapter 1 pcs 250 250
3 Relay 4 pcs 650 2600
4 Magnetic Contactor 1 pcs 700 700
5 Arduino Uno-R3 1 pcs 550 550
Grinding & Mixing
6 0.5 HP Motor 1 Pcs 3,200 3200
7 3 HP Motor 1 Pcs 5000 5000
8 Cornmill 1 pcs 14,500 14,500
Sensing Components & Other Materials
9 Weight Sensor 1 pcs 140 140
10 Linear Actuator 1 pcs 1600 1600
11 Sprockets 2 pcs 245 490
12 Angle Bar 1 pcs 235 235
13 Bolts & Knots 2 pack 180 180
14 Tubular 1 pcs 220 220
15 Sand 1 pack 93 93
16 Cement 1 pack 60 60
17 CHBs Molder 1 pcs 1200 1200
Total Php 32,218.00
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Table 9. Miscellaneous Expenses
Description Unit Price

Transportation 3000
Coding 2000
Labor 10000
Total 15000
Total cost = 32,218 + 15,000
Total cost = Php 47, 218.00
Project Limitations and Capabilities
Limitations
• Size and Capacity: The pulverizer with mixer may have limitations on the size and
capacity of glass bottles it can handle. The machine may not be suitable for
extremely large or heavy glass bottles.
• Power Dependency: For the system to operate effectively, it needs an AC power
source. The system won't function without a power source, rendering it useless
when electricity isn't accessible.
Capabilities
• Crushing Capability: It can effectively crush the glass bottle fragments like
medicine, ketchup, liquor and soft drinks bottles into fine materials.
• Mixing Functionality: The project includes a mixer that can blend the pulverized
glass particles with other concrete ingredients. It makes sure that glass is evenly
distributed and properly incorporated into the concrete mix.

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• Waste Reduction and Recycling: The project contributes to waste reduction and
recycling efforts by utilizing glass bottles as a raw material for concrete block
production. It helps reduce the environmental impact associated with glass bottle
disposal.
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Chapter V
SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS
In this chapter, the researchers present a comprehensive review of the research
outcomes, and emphasize the significant findings and recommendations for the future
researchers. By summarizing the major findings and conclusions, this chapter connects the
study's objectives with broader implications for future research and practical applications.
The summary and results sections offer a concise overview of the study's primary
contributions, while the recommendations section offers practical guidance for future
studies. This chapter represents the result of the research work, it hopes to provide valuable
knowledge and serves as a guide for the future researchers.
Summary
This study focused on the design, construction, and evaluation of a Glass Bottle
Pulverizer with Mixer for Making Hollow and Solid Concrete Blocks. The aim was to
develop a sustainable solution for utilizing recycled glass bottles in concrete block
production. The research began with an in-depth analysis of the requirements and
specifications for the machine. Key components such as the pulverization system, mixing
functionality, automation and control mechanisms were carefully considered during the
design phase. The constructed Glass Bottle Pulverizer with Mixer successfully
demonstrated its effectiveness, accuracy and capacity in pulverizing glass bottles into fine
particles suitable for concrete block production, as well as the computation for the motor
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selection was successfully demonstrated during the calculations. The thesis project not only
contributed to sustainable construction practices by promoting the recycling and utilization
of glass bottles but also provided valuable insights into the design and operation of a
functional machine for concrete block production. The findings and conclusions of this
research serve as a foundation for further advancements in recycling technologies and
sustainable construction practices. Overall, the Glass Bottle Pulverizer with Mixer for
Making Hollow and Solid Concrete Blocks proved to be an effective and efficient solution,
offering significant potential for the sustainable production of concrete blocks using
recycled glass bottles.
Findings
Based on information acquired from many tests conducted on the:
1. The essential parts for constructing Glass Bottle Pulverizer with Mixer for Making
Hollow and Solid Concrete Blocks were successfully installed in order for the
machine to meet its main functions such as crushing and mixing. Additionally, the
system successfully provided LCD display and sensors.
2. The necessary components used in fabricating the Glass Bottle Pulverizer with
Mixer for Making Hollow and Solid Concrete Blocks were Arduino Uno, Magnetic
Contactor, Pushbuttons, 4 x 16 LCD Display, ultrasonic sensor, limit switch, timer,
sprocket, corn mill, 3HP motor, DC Motor, 5 volts adapter, wires, bolts and knots,
washer, bearings, angle bar, tubular bar and belt.
3. Upon testing and evaluation of the Glass Bottle Pulverizer with Mixer for Making
Hollow and Solid Concrete Blocks in terms of design, effectiveness, accuracy and
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capacity.
a) Through the effort of the researchers to calculate the appropriate
motor rating for the Glass Bottle Pulverizer with Mixer for Making
Hollow and Solid Concrete Blocks, the following important datas
and information are gathered:
• For 12.6933 kg, the force needed is 124.5213 N, and
the total power to effectively crush it is 2099.4142
watts. Converting it to horsepower results in the
value of 2.8142 HP, which makes the researchers use
the 3 HP motor for crushing the glass waste bottles.
• For 4 kg, based on the mass of the glass aggregate to
be mixed on the concrete mixtures that the
researchers used during the trials, the force needed is
39.24 N, and the power of 661.5817 watts is needed
to crush all of it. Converting it to horsepower will
come-up to using a motor with ¾ HP rating.
• Based on the specifications that the DC Motor used
for mixing, it have a max load capacity of 75 kg.
Meaning the utilization of the motor to drive the
mixer is acceptable, given the max load the mixer can
handle is 52.1985 kg only.
b) The average amount of time the machine needed to pulverize
medicine bottles was 75.2 seconds, ketchup bottles 81.35 seconds,

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soft drink bottles 82.45 seconds, beer bottles 81.5 seconds, and
Empirador liquor bottles 88.21 seconds. The crushed CB (Concrete
Blocks) mixture's actual weights also varied from the target weight
of 4 kg. Bottles of crushed medicine weighed 3.6 kg, bottles of
ketchup 3.9 kg, bottles of soft drinks 3.9 kg, bottles of beer 3.4 kg,
and bottles of empirador liquor 3.8 kg. Thirdly, the machine's
accuracy was evaluated by calculating the percentage difference
between the actual weight and the target weight. There was a 10%
difference in the medicine bottle, a 2.50% difference in ketchup
bottles, a 2.50% difference in soft drink bottles, a 15% difference in
beer bottles, and a 5% difference in Empirador liquor bottles. These
datas suggest that the glass bottle pulverizer with mixer shown
differing degrees of accuracy for various bottle types. The accuracy
of the pulverization of medicine bottles was 90%, that of ketchup
bottles and soft drink bottles was 97.50%, that of beer bottles was
85%, and that of Empirador liquor bottles was 95%.
c) From the data you provided, the medicine bottles have the shortest
average time of 188.37 seconds, indicating that the glass bottle
pulverizer with mixer is most efficient when processing medicine
bottles. On the other hand, the liquor bottle (Empirador) has the
longest average time of 200.6367 seconds, suggesting that it takes
more time to pulverize and mix this particular type of bottle.
Additionally, the overall average time across all bottle types for trial
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one is 195.796 seconds, for trial two is 194.22 seconds, and for trial
three is 195.61 seconds. These values indicate the average
performance of the glass bottle pulverizer with mixer across
different trials, irrespective of the bottle type.
d) Throughout the entire hour, the machine maintains a constant pace
of production, generating out 6 CB Mixtures every 20 minutes, for
a total of 18 CB Mixtures in an hour. Additionally, the calculations
in the appendices show that the average time required to produce
one CB Mixture with a mass of 16 kg, as determined by the average
of the three trials completed in the Effectiveness Test, is roughly
195.626 seconds. The mixer's overall weight load capacity is
roughly 52.1985 kg, while the pulverizer's weight load capacity is
approximately 12.6933 kg, indicating the greatest weight it can
support.
Conclusions
Considering the outcomes of the test trials, experiments, and gathered data, the
resulting conclusions drawn from this study can be summarized as follows:
1. The designed glass bottle pulverizer with mixer is made up of 2 motors used for
mixing and crushing, control circuit integrated with sensing devices to make the
automation from crushing to mixing the concrete mixtures possible. The designed
70
glass bottle pulverizer with mixer is capable of producing concrete mixtures ready
for making concrete blocks.
2. The research successfully identified the necessary materials required for
constructing the prototype of a Glass Bottle Pulverizer for the production of Hollow
and Solid Concrete Blocks. Through careful analysis and consideration, the
materials selected for the prototype construction were deemed appropriate in terms
of durability, compatibility with the pulverization process and mixing process. By
accurately determining the required materials, the research provides a valuable
foundation for the subsequent stages of prototype development, including
procurement, assembly, and testing.
3. The prototype underwent rigorous assessment in terms of design, accuracy,
effectiveness, and capacity. The evaluation process revealed that the prototype
demonstrated a well-designed structure through computations of motors to be used
and met the required accuracy by comparing the true weight of the pulverized glass
going in the mixer and the set value on the system. It proved to be effective in
pulverizing glass bottles and producing concrete blocks mixtures with satisfactory
results. The capacity test showcased its ability to consistently produce CB
Mixtures, meeting the desired production rates, capacity evaluation also involves
determination of the maximum net weight capacity of the pulverizer and mixer in
a single operation through the use of series of math calculations. Overall, the Glass
Bottle Pulverizer prototype holds promise as a viable solution for recycling glass
and contributing to sustainable concrete block production.

71
Recommendations
Based on a thorough analysis of the results and conclusions drawn from the findings, the
following recommendations have been formulated:
1. Additional Pulverizer Efficiency Optimization: future research can look into ways
to increase the pulverizer's effectiveness at crushing glass bottles. To improve the
pulverization process and produce finer and more reliable glass particles, research
ways to improve the pulverizing mechanisms, such as blade design, rotational
speed, and crushing chamber geometry.
2. The components for the glass bottle pulverizer and mixer should be made of
materials that have undergone extensive durability testing. Analyze the durability
and resilience to corrosion, wear, and fatigue. To extend the machine's life and
lower maintenance needs, take into account alternative materials with better
qualities.
3. Automation and Control Systems: Explore the integration of automation and
control systems to enhance the operational efficiency and productivity of the glass
bottle pulverizer with mixer. Implement sensors, feedback mechanisms, and
intelligent control algorithms to optimize the crushing and mixing processes,
monitor performance parameters, and provide real-time adjustments for optimal
operation.
4. Environmental Impact Assessment: Carefully examine the effects of the glass bottle
pulverizer and mixer system on the environment. Analyze the waste production,
pollutants, and energy usage related to its functioning. Identify chances for
72
additional sustainability advancements, such as the use of noise-reduction
techniques, waste heat recovery, or energy-efficient motor systems.
5. Field Testing and Performance Evaluation: Use actual building circumstances to
evaluate the glass bottle pulverizer with mixer in the field. Examine its
functionality, dependability, and convenience of use under various operating
circumstances.
73
References:
Astoveza, J.A., Leynes, M.R., & Durante, W. (2019). Control and performance of
luggage conveyor.
“Magnet Academy” (2022), Davenport (1834) of Vermont is credited with developing the
first electric motor, which was a spinning disk or levers that rocked back and forth.
Retrieved from:
https://nationalmaglab.org/education/magnet-academy/history-of-electricity-
magnetism/museum/davenport-
motor#:~:text=While%20experimenting%20in%201834%2C%20Thomas,the%20machin
es%20in%20his%20workshop
Ogundairo, T.O. et.al. (2019). Sustainable use of recycled waste glass as an alternative
material for building construction.
https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1757-899X/640/1/012073/pdf
"Glass Container Recycling Loop" (2022), According to the Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA), glass is a commonly recycled material that can be recycled endlessly
without losing its purity or quality. Retrieved from:
https://www.gpi.org/glass-recycling-facts
Gurao, A., et.al (2017). Horizontal Axis Electric Operated Concrete Mixer, Vol. 6, Issue
3,
https://docplayer.net/50522536-Horizontal-axis-electric-operated-concrete-mixer.html
"Solid Waste Management" (2022), World Bank Organization: Waste generation rates are
increasing globally. According to estimates, the world would produce 2.24 billion tonnes
of solid garbage in 2020, or 0.79 kg of rubbish per person every day. Retrieved from:
74
https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/urbandevelopment/brief/solid-waste-
management
"National Solid Waste Management Status Report" (2018). Data on the sources of
Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) was collected from various Environmental Management
Bureau (EMB) Regional Offices and submitted Solid Waste Management Plans. Retrieved
from:
https://emb.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/National-Solid-Waste-
Management-Status-Report-2008-2018.pdf
Chen Z., et.al (2018). Combined use of sewage sludge ash and recycled glass cullet for
the production of concrete blocks. Retrieved from:
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0959652617324460
Gonzales J., et. al (2020). Glass Crushing Machine: An Alternative Way of Recycling
Glass Waste. Retrieved from:
https://ojs.aaresearchindex.com/index.php/aasgbcpjmra/article/view/1048
Osadolor A., (2020). Design of a Rotary Blade Glass Pulverizing Machine. Retrieved from:
https://www.dpublication.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/1-502.pdf
Staff (2021). TUPV licenses glass crusher tech to Tumandok Crafts. Retrieve from:
TUPV licenses compact glass crusher tech to Tumandok Crafts - Digicast Negros
Shan, et. Al ( 2021). Waste Glass Bottle Shredder Crusher Recycling Machine. Retrieved from:
https://www.gepecotech.com/release/blog/waste-glass-bottle-shredder-crusher-recycling-
machine.html
Hasek, (n.d). Crushing Bottles Cuts Costs, Saves Space, Helps Environment. Retrieved from:
https://www.greenlodgingnews.com/crushing-bottles-cuts-costs-saves-space-helps-
environment/
75
Jordan (2023). 5 Glass Crushers to Accelerate Your Glass Recycling. Retrieved from:
5 Glass Crushers to Accelerate Your Glass Recycling | Fote Machinery (ftmmachinery.com)
\
76
APPENDICES
APPENDIX A
Fabrication Process
77
APPENDIX B
Collection of Glass Bottles

78
APPENDIX C
Cleaning of Glass Bottles

79
APPENDIX D
Prototype Program
#include <HX711_ADC.h> // need to install
#include <Wire.h>
#include <LiquidCrystal_I2C.h> // need to install
const int relay1 = 2;
const int relay4 = 5
HX711_ADC LoadCell(6, 7); // parameters: dt pin 6, sck pin 7;
LiquidCrystal_I2C lcd(0x27, 16,2); // 0x27 is the i2c address might different;you can
check with Scanner
void setup()
LoadCell.begin(); // start connection to HX711
LoadCell.start(2000); // load cells gets 2000ms of time to stabilize
LoadCell.setCalFactor(1000.0); // calibration factor for load cell => dependent on
your individual setup
lcd.init();
lcd.backlight();
pinMode(relay1, OUTPUT); // motor1 pulverizer
pinMode(relay2, OUTPUT); // load cell forward
pinMode(relay3, OUTPUT); // loadcell reverse

80
pinMode(relay4, OUTPUT); // motor2 mixer
void loop() {
LoadCell.update(); // retrieves data from the load cell
float i = LoadCell.getData(); // get output value
lcd.setCursor(0, 0); // set cursor to first row
lcd.print("Weight[g]:"); // print out to LCD
lcd.setCursor(0, 1); // set cursor to second row
lcd.print(i); // print out the retrieved value to the second row
if (i >= 4000) { // 4000g equivalent to 4kg
digitalWrite(relay1, LOW); delay(1000); // 1 second
digitalWrite(relay2, HIGH); delay(5000); // 5 seconds
digitalWrite(relay3, LOW);
digitalWrite(relay4, HIGH); delay(180000); //3 minutes
digitalWrite(relay4, LOW); delay(1000); //1 second
} else {
digitalWrite(relay1, HIGH); delay(1000);
}
81
APPENDIX E
Prototype Data Gathering, and Testing

82
83
APPENDIX F
The Prototype
84
APPENDIX G
Computation Total Power and Energy Consumption

85
APPENDIX H
Horsepower Motor Calculation for the Prototype
@ 12.6933 kg full capacity
𝐹𝜋𝐷𝑁
𝑃=
60
F= Force in Newtons
D= Diameter of the Driven
N= Rated speed of the driver
𝐹 = 𝑚𝑔
m= mass of the object to be mounted on the machine
Power Conversion
1 HP= 746 W
Determining the Crushing Power, P:
𝐹 = 𝑚𝑔
m= 12.6933 kg

𝑚
𝐹 = (12.6933 𝑘𝑔) (9.81 )
𝑠2
86
𝐹 = 124.5213 𝑁
𝐹𝜋𝐷𝑁
𝑃=
60
F= 124.5213 N
D= 0.115 m
N= 2800 rpm
(124.5213 𝑁)𝜋(0.115 𝑚)(2800 𝑟𝑝𝑚)

𝑃=
60
𝑃 = 2099.4142 𝑊𝑎𝑡𝑡𝑠
Power Conversion
1 HP= 746 W
Thus, HP rating is equals to 2.8142 HP.
This conclude that the rating of 3 HP that the researchers used for the prototype is
ACCEPTABLE.
@ 4 kg, mass used on testing procedures
𝐹𝜋𝐷𝑁
𝑃=
60
F= Force in Newtons
D= Diameter of the Driven
N= Rated speed of the driver

87
𝐹 = 𝑚𝑔
m= mass of the object to be mounted on the machine
Power Conversion
1 HP= 746 W
Determining the Crushing Power, P:
𝐹 = 𝑚𝑔
m= 4 kg

𝑚
𝐹 = (4 𝑘𝑔) (9.81 )
𝑠2
𝐹 = 39.24 𝑁
𝐹𝜋𝐷𝑁
𝑃=
60
F= 39.24 N
D= 0.115 m
N= 2800 rpm
(39.24 𝑁)𝜋(0.115 𝑚)(2800 𝑟𝑝𝑚)

𝑃=
60
𝑃 = 661.5817 𝑊𝑎𝑡𝑡𝑠
88
Power Conversion
1 HP= 746 W
Thus, HP rating is equals to 0.8868 HP.
This conclude that the minimum motor rating of 1HP is needed on the prototype to
work well.
89
APPENDIX I
Glass Pulverizer Silo Net Weight Capacity & Mixer Net Weight Capacity
Calculations, & Production Capacity
Weight Load Capacity of Pulverizer
• Calculation:
1
𝑉= 𝜋ℎ(𝑟1 2 + 𝑟2 2 + 𝑟1 + 𝑟2 )
3
Where, r1= 14.5 cm
r2= 3.5 cm
h= 18 cm
1
𝑉= 𝜋(18 𝑐𝑚)((14.5 𝑐𝑚)2 + (3.5 𝑐𝑚)2 + 14.5 𝑐𝑚 + 3.5 𝑐𝑚)
3
𝐕 = 𝟒𝟓𝟑𝟑. 𝟑𝟏𝟖𝟐 𝐜𝐦𝟑
Weight Capacity= Volume x Glass Density
Where, Volume= 𝟒𝟓𝟑𝟑. 𝟑𝟏𝟖𝟐 𝐜𝐦𝟑

90
Glass Density= 2.4 g/cm^3 - 2.8 g/cm^3
Weight Capacity= 4533.3182 cm3 x 2.8 g/cm^3
Weight Capacity= 𝟏𝟐, 𝟔𝟗𝟑. 𝟐𝟗𝟏 𝐠 𝐨𝐫 𝟏𝟐. 𝟔𝟗𝟑𝟑 𝐤𝐠
Weight Load Capacity of Mixer Using Paint Bucket As Container
• Calculation:
Where, F= Concrete Mixer Mixing force
𝑚𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 = mass of container +mass of concrete mixture used in testing
mass of container = 0.75 kg,
mass of concrete mixture = 16 kg
𝑚
𝐹 = (0.75 𝑘𝑔 + 16 𝑘𝑔) (9.81 )
𝑠2
𝐹 = 164.3175 𝑁
𝑉 = 𝜋𝑟𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑛 2 ℎ
Where, V= Volume
91
15 𝑐𝑚+14.3 𝑐𝑚+13.8 𝑐𝑚
𝑟𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑛 = 3
h= 35 cm
15 𝑐𝑚 + 14.3 𝑐𝑚 + 13.8 𝑐𝑚 2
𝑉 = 𝜋( ) (35 𝑐𝑚)
3
V= 22, 694.9875 cm^3
𝑀𝑎𝑥 𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝑊𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝐶𝑎𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 = 𝑉 𝑥 𝐷𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑤𝑒𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑒 𝑚𝑖𝑥𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒
Where, V= 22, 694.9875 cm^3
Density of wet Concrete = 2.3 g/cm^3
𝑀𝑎𝑥 𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝑊𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝐶𝑎𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 = 22, 694.9875 cm^3 𝑥 2.3 g/cm^3
𝑀𝑎𝑥 𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝑊𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝐶𝑎𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 = 52.1985 𝑘𝑔
Therefore, it is acceptable to the rated max load the motor can carry which is
75 kg. The usage of MY1025 HIGHSPEED DC SPEED MOTOR as a mixer motor is
justified.
Production Capacity
𝑀𝑎𝑐ℎ𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝐶𝑎𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦
𝑀𝑎𝑥 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑐𝑎𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑎𝑐ℎ𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑚𝑖𝑥𝑖𝑛𝑔

=
𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝐶𝐵 𝑀𝑖𝑥𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝑡𝑜 𝑚𝑎𝑘𝑒 𝑎 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝑏𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑘
52.1985 𝑘𝑔
𝑀𝑎𝑐ℎ𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝐶𝑎𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 =
16 𝑘𝑔
92
𝑀𝑎𝑐ℎ𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝐶𝑎𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 = 3.26 𝑏𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑘𝑠 𝑜𝑟 3 𝑏𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑘𝑠
A single CB mixture consumed a total of 195.2087 seconds average to make a CB
mixture for a single Block.
Therefore, it takes 585.626 seconds to produce 3 CB worth of mixtures given the
machine operates in its full load capability.

93
APPENDIX J
Statistical Treatment Calculation Using Standard Deviation
For Table 7. Effectiveness of Glass Bottle Pulverizer With Mixer
𝑀𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝐵𝑜𝑡𝑡𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝐸𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝑆𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑟𝑑 𝐷𝑒𝑣𝑖𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
(189.5 − 188.37)2 + (185.29 − 188.37)2 + (190.32 − 188.37)2

=√
3
𝑺𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒅𝒂𝒓𝒅 𝑫𝒆𝒗𝒊𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 = 𝟐. 𝟐𝟎𝟑𝟓

𝐾𝑒𝑡𝑐ℎ𝑢𝑝 𝐵𝑜𝑡𝑡𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝐸𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝑆𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑟𝑑 𝐷𝑒𝑣𝑖𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
(195.26 − 195.45)2 + (198 − 195.45)2 + (193.09 − 195.45)2

=√
3
𝑺𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒅𝒂𝒓𝒅 𝑫𝒆𝒗𝒊𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 = 2.009

𝑆𝑜𝑓𝑡𝑑𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑘𝑠 𝐵𝑜𝑡𝑡𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝐸𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝑆𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑟𝑑 𝐷𝑒𝑣𝑖𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
(195.38 − 194.3167)2 + (191.44 − 194.3167)2 + (196.13 − 194.3167)2

=√
3
𝑺𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒅𝒂𝒓𝒅 𝑫𝒆𝒗𝒊𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 =2.0570

𝐵𝑒𝑒𝑟 𝐵𝑜𝑡𝑡𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝐸𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝑆𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑟𝑑 𝐷𝑒𝑣𝑖𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
(197.5 − 197.27)2 + (199.28 − 197.27)2 + (195.03 − 197.27)2

=√
3
𝑺𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒅𝒂𝒓𝒅 𝑫𝒆𝒗𝒊𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 = 1.7427

𝐸𝑚𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑜𝑟 𝐵𝑜𝑡𝑡𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝐸𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝑆𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑟𝑑 𝐷𝑒𝑣𝑖𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
(201.34 − 200.6367)2 + (197.09 − 200.6367)2 + (203.48 − 200.6367)2

=√
3
𝑺𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒅𝒂𝒓𝒅 𝑫𝒆𝒗𝒊𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 =2.6557

94
APPENDIX K
Accuracy of Glass Bottle Pulverizer with Mixer for Making Hollow and Solid
Concrete Blocks
For Table 6. Accuracy of Glass Bottle Pulverizer with Mixer
Calculations Accuracy:
@ Trial 1:
𝑃2 − 𝑃1
𝑃𝐷 = 𝑥 100
𝑃1
3.6 − 4
𝑃𝐷 = 𝑥 100
4
𝑷𝑫 = 𝟏𝟎%
𝐴𝑐𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑦 = (100 − 𝑃𝐷)%
𝐴𝑐𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑦 = (100 − 10)%
𝑨𝒄𝒄𝒖𝒓𝒂𝒄𝒚 = 𝟗𝟎%
@ Trial 2:
𝑃2 − 𝑃1
𝑃𝐷 = 𝑥 100
𝑃1
3.9 − 4
𝑃𝐷 = 𝑥 100
4
95
𝑷𝑫 = 𝟐. 𝟓%
𝐴𝑐𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑦 = (100 − 2.5)%
𝑨𝒄𝒄𝒖𝒓𝒂𝒄𝒚 = 𝟗𝟕. 𝟓%
@ Trial 3:
𝑃2 − 𝑃1
𝑃𝐷 = 𝑥 100
𝑃1
3.9 − 4
𝑃𝐷 = 𝑥 100
4
𝑷𝑫 = 𝟐. 𝟓%
𝐴𝑐𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑦 = (100 − 2.5)%
𝑨𝒄𝒄𝒖𝒓𝒂𝒄𝒚 = 𝟗𝟕. 𝟓%
@ Trial 4:
𝑃2 − 𝑃1
𝑃𝐷 = 𝑥 100
𝑃1
96
3.4 − 4
𝑃𝐷 = 𝑥 100
4
𝑃𝐷 = 15%
𝐴𝑐𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑦 = (100 − 15)%
𝑨𝒄𝒄𝒖𝒓𝒂𝒄𝒚 = 𝟖𝟓%
@ Trial 5:
𝑃2 − 𝑃1
𝑃𝐷 = 𝑥 100
𝑃1
3.8 − 4
𝑃𝐷 = 𝑥 100
4
𝑷𝑫 = 𝟓%
𝐴𝑐𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑦 = (100 − 5)%
𝑨𝒄𝒄𝒖𝒓𝒂𝒄𝒚 = 𝟗𝟓%
97
APPENDIX L
User Manual
98
APPENDIX M
Certificate of English Critic

99
APPENDIX N
Certificate of Plagiarism
100
101
102
103

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Glass Bottle Pulverizer With Mixer For Making Hollow and Solid Concrete Blocks-Final CD

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GLASS BOTTLE PULVERIZER WITH MIXER

FOR MAKING HOLLOW AND SOLID

Hans Yuri O. Cataytay

Southern Luzon State University

Birthdate: May 10, 2001

Birthplace: Sariaya, Quezon

Permanent Address: Brgy. Talaan – Pantoc Sariaya, Quezon

Contact Number: 09075552712

Email Address: [email protected]

School/University Inclusive Honor/Award

Sariaya Institute 2013-2019

Institute of Integrated Electrical Engineers of the 2019 - Present

Name: Mark D. Barbacena

Birthdate: February 14,2001

Birthplace: Sariaya, Quezon

Permanent Address: Manggalang 1, Sariaya, Quezon

Contact Number: 09508935003

Email Address: [email protected]

School/University Inclusive Honor/Award

St. Francis High School 2013-2019

Institute of Integrated Electrical Engineers of the 2019- Present

Name: Hans Yuri O. Cataytay

Birthdate: November 5,2000Birthplace: Lucena City, Quezon

Permanent Address: Sariaya, Quezon

Contact Number: 09632393521

Email Address: [email protected]

School/University Inclusive Honor/Award

Lutucan Integrated National High School 2013-2019

my understanding and certainty, it covers no material previously published by another

where due credit is made in the text.

presentation and semantic expression.

Hans Yuri O. Cataytay

Engr. Aubee Mahusay – Ecleo

June 17, 2023

In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree Bachelor of Science in

recommended for oral examination.

ENGR. AUBEE MAHUSAY - ECLEO

`Approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree, Bachelor of

Science in Electrical Engineering,by the oral defense examination committee.

ENGR. RIZANDY ARROYO ENGR. CONRADO QUINALAYO

ENGR. MAURINO ABUEL

Accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree Bachelor of

June 17, 2023 DR. RENATO R. MAALIW III

This fruit of hard work is wholeheartedly dedicated to all people who

always trusting me and pushing me to move forward, my parents

Raul and Julianita Albrando for always guiding me

and giving emotional and financial support

To BB (Luisa) for being my strength and

who always cheer’s me up, and most

specially our lord, who served as

the inspiration and strength in

this task. To my devoted mother, Maribel Barbacena, you have continued to be my

on this challenging journey alongside me Your invaluable contributions,

a rich and rewarding experience. Our shared laughter, late-night brainstorming,

and mutual support helped me overcome my obstacles and

push the limits of my potential. I am grateful for your friendship

and unwavering belief in my abilities. EE-YOUTH!!!