Steps in the Control Process Components of Organizational

Control Systems:
The control process consists of four
steps, namely: 1.Strategic Plans- It provides the basic
control mechanism for the organization.
1. Establishing Performance
When there are indicators that activities
Objectives and Standards- In
do not facilitate the accomplishment of
controlling, what has to be achieved
strategic goals, these activities are
must first be determined. Examples of
either set aside, modified, or expanded.
such objectives and standards are as
follows: 2.The Long-Range Financial Plan-
The panning horizon differs from
1.1. Sales targets – which are
company to company. Most firms will be
expressed in quantity or monetary
satisfied with one year. Engineering
terms.
firms, however, will require longer-term
1.2. Production targets- which are financial plans.
expressed in quantity or quality.
3.The Operating Budget- An
1.3. Worker attendance – which is operating budget indicates the
expressed in terms of the rate of expenditures, revenues, or profits
absences. planned for some future period
regarding operations.
1.4. Safety Record – which is
expressed in the number of accidents 4. Performance Appraisals-
for given periods. Performance appraisal measures
employee performance. As such, it
1.5. Supplies used- which are provides employees with a guide on
expressed in quantity or monetary how to do their jobs better in the future.
terms for given periods
5. Statistical Reports- Statistical
2. Measuring Actual Performance- reports pertain to those that contain
There is a need to measure actual data on various developments within
performance so that when the firm. Among information that may
shortcomings occur, adjustments could be found in a statistical report pertains
be made. The adjustments will depend to the following:
on the actual findings.
1. Labor efficiency rates
3. Comparing Actual Performance to
Objectives and Standards- Once the 2. Quality control rejects
actual performance has been
3. Accounts receivable
determined, this will be compared with
what the organization seeks to achieve. 4. Accounts payable
4. Taking Necessary Action- The 5. Sales reports
purpose of comparing actual
6. Accident reports
performance with the desired result is to
provide management with the 7. Power consumption report
opportunity to take corrective action
when necessary. 6. Policies and procedures
Symptoms of Inadequate Control through the use of an appropriate
communication channel. Among the
If a comprehensive internal audit
various channels used include the
cannot be availed of for some reason,
spoken word, body movements, the
the use of a checklist for symptoms of
written word, television, telephone,
inadequate control may be used.
radio, an artist’s paint, electronic mail,
Kreitner has listed some of the common
etc. Proper transmission is very
symptoms as follows:
important so the message sent will
1. An unexplained decline in revenues reach and hold the attention of the
and profits. receiver. To achieve this, the
communication channel must be free of
2. Degradation of service (customer barriers, or interference (sometimes
complaints) referred to as noise).
3. Employee dissatisfaction 4. Receive- The next step is the
(complaints, grievances, turnover). communication process is the actual
4. Cash shortages caused by bloated receiving of the message by the
inventories or delinquent accounts intended receiver.
receivable. 5. Decode- The next step, decoding,
5. Idle facilities or personnel means translating the message from
the sender into a form that will have
6. Disorganized operations (workflow meaning to the recipient. If the receiver
bottlenecks, excessive paperwork). knows the language and terminology
7. Excessive costs. used in the message, successful
decoding may be achieved.
8. Evidence of waste and inefficiency
(scrap, rework) 6. Accept- The next step is for the
receiver to accept or reject the
message. Sometimes, acceptance (or
The Communication Process rejection) is partial. An example is
provided as follows: A newly-hired
1. Develop an Idea- The most employee was sent to a supervisor with
important step in effective a note from his superior directing the
communication is developing an idea. supervisor to accept the employee into
The idea to be conveyed must be useful his, unit and to provide the necessary
or of some value. training and guidance.
2. Encode- The next step is to encode 7. Use- The next step is for the receiver
the idea into words, illustrations, to use the information. If the message
figures, or other symbols suitable for provides information of importance to a
transmission. The method of relevant activity, then the receiver could
transmission should be determined in store it and retrieve it when required. If
advance so that the idea may be the message requires a certain action
encoded to conform with the specific to be made, then he may do so,
requirements of the identified method. otherwise, he discards it as soon as it is
3. Transmit- After encoding, the received. All of the above-mentioned
message is now ready for transmission
options will depend on his perception of • Clarifying the subordinate’s
the message. perception of work goals,
8. Provide Feedback- The last step in • Linking meaningful rewards with goal
the communication process is for the attainment
receiver to provide feedback to the
sender. Depending on the perception of • Explaining how goals and desired
the receiver, however, this important rewards can be achieved.
step may not be made. Even if the 4. Vroom’s Decision-Making Model-
feedback is relayed, it may not reach Vroom’s model of leadership is one that
the original sender of the message. prescribes the proper leadership style
This may be attributed, to the effects of for various situations, focusing on the
any of the communication barriers appropriate degrees of delegation of
Contingency Approaches to decision-making authority.
Leadership Style
1. Fiedler’s Contingency Model-
According to Fred Fiedler, “leadership
is effective when the leader’s style is
appropriate to the situation. “The
situational characteristics is determined
by three principal factors:
• The relations between leaders and
followers
• The structure of the task
• The power inherent in the leader’s
position
2. Hersey and Blanchard’s
Situational Leadership Model- The
situational leadership model developed
by Hersey and Blanchard suggests that
the most important factor affecting the
selection of a leader’s style is the
development (or maturity) level of a
subordinate. The leader should match
his or her style to this maturity level.
The majority has two components:
• job skills and knowledge
• psychological maturity
3. Path-Goal Model of Leadership- By
using the path-goal model, it is
assumed that effective leaders can
enhance subordinate motivation by:
 Awit Ng Manlalakbay
Kagaya ng dahong nalanta, nalagas,
Sinisiklut-siklot ng hanging marahas;
Abang manlalakbay ay wala nang
liyag,
Layuin, kalulwa't bayang matatawag.

Hinahabul-habol yaong kapalarang

Mailap at hindi masunggab-
sunggaban;
Magandang pag-asa'y kung nanlalabo
man,
Siya'y patuloy ring patungo kung saan!

Sa udyok ng hindi nakikitang lakas,

Silanga't Kanlura'y kanyang nililipad,
Mga minamahal ay napapangarap,
Gayon din ang araw ng pamamanatag.

Sa pusod ng isang disyertong

mapanglaw,
Siya'y maaaring doon na mamatay,
Limot ng daigdig at sariling bayan,
Kamtan nawa niya ang kapayapaan!

Dami ng sa kanya ay nangaiinggit,

Ibong naglalakaby sa buong daigdig,
Hindi nila tanto ang laki ng hapis
Na sa kanyang puso ay lumiligalig.

Kung sa mga tanging minahal sa

buhay
Siya'y magbalik pa pagdating ng araw,
Makikita niya'y mga guho lamang
At puntod ng kanyang mga kaibigan.

Abang manlalakbay! Huwag nang

magbalik,
Sa sariling baya'y wala kang katalik;
Bayaang ang puso ng iba'y umawit,
Lumaboy kang muli sa buong daigdig.

Abang manlalakbay! Bakit babalik pa?

Ang luhang inyukol sa iyo'y tuyo na;
Abang manlalakbay! Limutin ang dusa,
Sa hapis ng tao, mundo'y nagtatawa.
 Rubrics for Reporting:

Sapat na kaalaman sa Paksang tinalakay 35 PTS.

May mga tanong na inihanda para sa kaklase;

Mahusay magpaliwanag, nagbibigay ng sarilng Ideya,

May pakialam sa mga ka-klase, binigyan ng pagkakataon/ chance
ang kaklase upang magbigay ng ideya;
35 pts.

Naitalakay ang buong paksa

Kahandaan sa kagamitan, laptop ect.; 15 pts.

Nakapag-umpisa sa takdang Oras, responsible, 15 pts.

At may tiwala sa sarili.
________________________________________ _________________
100 pts.
Kabuuang Marka:
 Ikatlong Pagsusulit
RUBRIKS
(TULA)

Pangalan:_____________________________________ Marka:___________________
Oras :_____________________________________ Petsa: ___________________

5 - Napakainam 4 - Mainam
3 - Katamtaman 2 - Kulang ang inam
1 - Hindi mainam
a. Pagsisimula at Pagwawakas ___________________________________
b. Lohikal at pagsasaayos ng nilalaman ___________________________________
c. Pagbibigay diin/emphasis ___________________________________
d. Kaangkupan at lakas ng tinig ___________________________________
e. Kalinawan at kawastuhan ng bigkas ___________________________________
f. Kaangkupan ng kilos at kumpas ___________________________________
g. Tindig at Postyur ___________________________________
h. Anyo at Kasuotan ___________________________________
i. Pauunang paningin ___________________________________
j. Tiwala sa sarili ___________________________________
Kabuuang Marka - _________
50 pts