B.SC Physics-Sllaybus 270618

Scheme for UG Syllabus
Annual System
(Effective from 2018-19)
Under
CHOICE BASED CREDIT SYSTEM (CBCS)
In
Bachelor of Science Physical Science

(Physics, Chemistry and Mathematics)
And
Bachelor of Science with Physics
Department of Physics
Himachal Pradesh University
Shimla-5
1
CHOICE BASED CREDIT SYSTEM (CBCS):
The CBCS provides an opportunity for the students to choose courses from the
prescribed courses comprising core, elective/minor or skill based courses. The courses
can be evaluated following the grading system, which is considered to be better than the
conventional marks system. Therefore, it is necessary to introduce uniform grading
system in the entire higher education in India. This will benefit the students to move
across institutions within India to begin with and across countries. The uniform grading
system will also enable potential employers in assessing the performance of the
candidates. In order to bring uniformity in evaluation system and computation of the
Cumulative Grade Point Average (CGPA) based on student’s performance in
examinations, the UGC has formulated the guidelines to be followed.
Outline of Choice Based Credit System:
1. Core Course: A course, which should compulsorily be studied by a candidate as a

core requirement is termed as a Core course.
2. Elective Course: Generally a course which can be chosen from a pool of courses and
which may be very specific or specialized or advanced or supportive to the discipline/
subject of study or which provides an extended scope or which enables an exposure to
some other discipline/subject/domain or nurtures the candidate’s proficiency/skill is
called an Elective Course.
2.1 Discipline Specific Elective (DSE) Course: Elective courses may be offered by the
main discipline/subject of study is referred to as Discipline Specific Elective. The
University/Institute may also offer discipline related Elective courses of
interdisciplinary nature (to be offered by main discipline/subject of study).
2.2 Dissertation/Project: An elective course designed to acquire special/advanced

knowledge, such as supplement study/support study to a project work, and a candidate
studies such a course on his own with an advisory support by a teacher/faculty member
is called dissertation/project.
3. Ability Enhancement Courses (AEC)/Competency Improvement Courses/Skill

Development Courses/Foundation Course: The Ability Enhancement (AE) Courses
may be of two kinds: AE Compulsory Course (AECC) and AE Elective Course
(AEEC). “AECC” courses are the courses based upon the content that leads to
Knowledge enhancement. They ((i) Environmental Science, (ii) English/MIL (Modern
Indian Language) Communication are mandatory for all disciplines. AEEC courses are
value-basedand/or skill-based and are aimed at providing hands-on-training,
competencies, skills, etc.
2
3.1 AE Compulsory Course (AECC): Environmental Science, English
Communication/MIL Communication.
3.2 AE Elective Course (AEEC): These courses may be chosen from a pool of courses
designed to provide value-based and/or skill-based instruction.
Project work/Dissertation is considered as a special course involving application of

knowledge in solving / analyzing /exploring a real life situation / difficult problem. A
Project/Dissertation work would be of 6 credits. A Project/Dissertation work may be
given in lieu of a discipline specific elective paper.
3
Details of Courses Under Undergraduate Program (B.Sc.)
Course *Credits
===============================================================
Theory+ Practical Theory +Tutorials
I. Core Course 12×4= 48 12×5=60
(12 Papers)
04 Courses from each of the

03 disciplines of choice
Core Course Practical / Tutorial* 12×2=24 12×1=12
(12 Practical/ Tutorials*)
04 Courses from each of the

03 Disciplines of choice
II. Discipline Specific 6×4=24 6×5=30

Course Elective Course
(6 Papers)
Two papers from each discipline of choice

including paper of interdisciplinary nature.
Discipline Specific Course Practical / 6 × 2=12 6×1=6

Tutorials*
(6 Practical / Tutorials*)
Two Papers from each discipline of choice

including paper of interdisciplinary nature
• Optional Dissertation or project work in place of one Discipline elective

paper (6 credits) in 3rd year
4
III. Ability Enhancement Courses
1. Ability Enhancement Compulsory 2 × 4=8 2×4=8
(2 Papers of 4 credits each)

Environmental Science English/MIL Communication
2. Skill Enhancement Course 4 × 4=16 4 × 4=16

(Skill Based)
(4 Papers of 4 credits each)
__________________ ________________
_
Total credit= 132 Total credit= 132
College should evolve a system/policy about ECA/ Genera

l
Interest/ Hobby/ Sports/ NCC/ NSS/ related courses on its own.
*wherever there is practical there will be no tutorials and vice –versa.
❖ In case of theory and tutorial 1 credit will be of 1 hour class room teaching, while in case of
Practical/Practical Skill Exam 1 credit will be of 2 hours Laboratory class/project work.
5
Scheme for Choice Based Credit System (CBCS) in Bachelor of Science Physical
Science and Bachelor of Science with Physics Annual Pattern
Year Core Course Ability Enhancement Skill Elective Course Total

(12) Compulsory Course Enhancement Discipline Specific Credits
AECC (2) Courses Elective
SEC (4) DSE (6)
DSC-1A = 6 Credit Eng/MIL Communi/EVS

DSC-1B = 6 Credit = 4 Credit NIL NIL
I DSC-2A = 6 Credit Eng/MIL Communi/EVS
DSC-2B = 6 Credit = 4 Credit
DSC-3A = 6 Credit
DSC-3B = 6 Credit
Credits = 36 Credits = 08 44
DSC-1C = 6 Credit SEC-1 = 4 Credit

DSC-1D = 6 Credit SEC-2 = 4 Credit
II DSC-2C = 6 Credit NIL NIL
DSC-2D = 6 Credit
DSC-3C = 6 Credit
DSC-3D = 6 Credit
SEC-3 = 4 Credit DSE-1A = 6 Credit

SEC-4 = 4 Credit DSE-1B = 6 Credit
III NIL NIL DSE-2A = 6 Credit
DSE-2B = 6 Credit
DSE-3A = 6 Credit
DSE-3B = 6 Credit
Total Credits in B.Sc. Physical Science and B.Sc. with Physics Degree Courses = 44 × 3 132
Credits (hours) Split:
Theory = 04 (4 hours) Theory = 05 (5 hours)

Practical = 02 (4 hours) Tutorial = 01(1 hour)
For SEC:
Theory = 03 (3 hours)
Skill Exam (SE) = 01 (2 hours)
Details of CBCS Scheme for Undergraduate Three Year Degree Course: B.Sc.
Physical Science and B.Sc. with Physics: Teaching Hours and Credits Plan in Annual
System for Three years
S. Name of Course (6 Credits as per annual Plan
6
No. Credits)
*Teaching Hrs. Non Practical
Course (2Weeks
Practical Course
(2Weeks Teaching
Total
Credits in
Teaching Hours) Hours) a Year
1 Core Courses (12) 1st Week 2nd Week Theory Tutorial Theory Practical
a Discipline Specific
Courses (4+4+4 =12)
DSC-1A 03 06 05 01 04 02 06
DSC-1B 03 06 05 01 04 02 06
i DSC-1C 03 06 05 01 04 02 06
DCS-1D 03 06 05 01 04 02 06
DSC-2A 03 06 05 01 04 02 06
DSC-2B 03 06 05 01 04 02 06
ii DSC-2C 03 06 05 01 04 02 06
DCS-2D 03 06 05 01 04 02 06
DSC-3A 03 06 05 01 04 02 06
DSC-3B 03 06 05 01 04 02 06
iii DSC-3C 03 06 05 01 04 02 06
DCS-3D 03 06 05 01 04 02 06
Total Credits of Core Courses 72
2 Ability
Enhancement
Courses (6)
a Ability Enhancement
Compulsory Courses (2)
Eng/MIL 02 04 03 01 -- -- 04
i Communication/EVS
Eng/MIL 02 04 03 01 -- -- 04
Communication/EVS
Total Credits of Ability Enhancement Compulsory Courses (AECC) 08
b Skill Enhancement Theory Practical
Courses (4) Skill
Exam
SEC-1 02 04 04 -- 03 01 04
SEC-2 02 04 04 -- 03 01 04
SEC-3 02 04 04 -- 03 01 04
SEC-4 02 04 04 -- 03 01 04
Total Credits of Skill Enhancement Courses (SEC) 16
Total Credits of Ability Enhancement Courses (AEC) = 08 + 16 24
3 Elective Courses (6)

a Discipline Specific Theory Practical
Elective Courses
DSE-1A 03 06 05 01 04 02 06
DSE-1B 03 06 05 01 04 02 06
i DSE-2A 03 06 05 01 04 02 06
DSE-2B 03 06 05 01 04 02 06
DSE-3A 03 06 05 01 04 02 06
DSE-3B 03 06 05 01 04 02 06
Total Credits of Discipline Specific Elective (DSE) Courses 36
Grand Total Credits in Three Year Degree Course: B.Sc. Physical Science and B.Sc. with 132
Physics: 72 + 24 +36
7
* As per teaching hours given in column three above table, each course of 6 credits [{4 credits Theory (4
hours) + 2 credits Practical (4 hours)} or {5 credits Theory (5 hours) + 1 credits Tutorial (1 hours)}]
and of 4 credits {3 credits SEC Theory (3hours) + 1 Credit Practical Skill based on Project work (2
hours)} should be completed within every two weeks of the annual system.
HIMACHAL PRADESH UNIVERSITY

SYLLABUS AND SCHEME OF EXAMINATION FOR B.Sc. PHYSICAL
SCIENCE (PHYSICS, CHEMISTRY AND MATHEMATICS)
Year Course Type Course Code Title of paper *
Credits
CORE COURSE-I PHYS101TH MECHANICS Theory 4

PHYS101IA
I PHYS101PR MECHANICS Lab 2
CORE COURSE-II CHEM101TH ATOMIC STRUCTURE, BONDING, 6

CHEM101IA GENERAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY &
CHEM101PR ALIPHATIC HYDROCARBONS
CORE COURSE-III MATH101TH DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS 6

MATH101IA
A.E.C. COURSE-I ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE 4
CORE COURSE-IV PHYS102TH ELECTRICITY, MAGNETISIM AND 4
8
PHYS102IA EMT Theory
PHYS102PR ELECTRICITY, MAGNETISIM AND 2
EMT Lab
CORE COURSE-V CHEM102TH STATES OF MATTER, CHEMICAL 6

CHEM102IA KINETICS & FUNCTIONAL ORGANIC
CHEM102PR CHEMISTRY
CORE COURSE-VI MATH102TH DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS 6

MATH102IA
A.E.C.COURSE-II ENGLISH/MIL COMMUNICATION 4
CORE COURSE-VII PHYS201TH STATISTICAL AND THERMAL 4

PHYS201IA PHYSICS Theory
II PHYS201PR STATISTICAL AND THERMAL 2
PHYSICS Lab
CORE COURSE-VIII CHEM201TH SOLUTIONS, PHASE EQUILIBRIUM, 6

CHEM201IA CONDUCTANCE,
CHEM201PR ELECTROCHEMISTRY & ORGANIC
CHEMISTRY
CORE COURSE-IX MATH201TH REAL ANALYSIS 6

MATH201IA
CORE COURSE-X PHYS202TH WAVES AND OPTICS Theory 4
PHYS202IA
PHYS202PR WAVES AND OPTICS Lab 2
CORE COURSE-XI CHEM202TH CHEMISTRY OF MAIN GROUP

CHEM202IA ELEMENTS, CHEMICAL ENERGETICS
CHEM202PR AND EQUILIBRIA 6
CORE COURSE-XII MATH202TH ALGEBRA 6

MATH202IA
PHYS203TH PHYSICS WORKSHOP SKILLS Theory

PHYS203IA
SEC1 PHYS203SE PHYSICS WORKSHOP SKILLS Skill 3+1
Exam
(CHOOSE ANY ONE (TH+IA
FROM GIVEN PHYS204TH COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS Theory =3
THREE) PHYS204IA
PHYS204SE COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS Skill Exam SE = 1)
PHYS205TH ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS AND

PHYS205IA NETWORK SKILLS Theory
PHYS205SE ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS AND
NETWORK SKILLS Skill Exam
CHEM203TH BASIC ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY

SEC2 CHEM203IA 4
9
(CHOOSE ANY ONE CHEM204TH FUEL CHEMISTRY & CHEMISTRY
FROM GIVEN TWO) CHEM204IA OF COSMETICS & PERFUMES
PHYS301TH ELEMENTS OF MODERN PHYSICS
PHYS301IA Theory 4+2
III DISCIPLINE PHYS301PR ELEMENTS OF MODERN PHYSICS Lab (TH+IA
SPECIFIC =4
ELECTIVES PHYS302TH SOLID STATE PHYSICS AND PR = 2)
DSE:1A (CHOOSE PHYS302IA ELECTRONICS Theory
ANY ONE FROM PHYS302PR SOLID STATE PHYSICS AND OR
GIVEN THREE) ELECTRONICS Lab
(TH+IA
PHYS303TH ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS =5
PHYS303IA Theory
PHYS303TU ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS TU = 1)
Tutorials
CHEM301TH POLYNUCLEAR HYDROCARBONS,

DISCIPLINE CHEM301IA DYES, HETEROCYCLIC
SPECIFIC CHEM301PR COMPOUNDS AND SPECTROSCOPY
ELECTIVES (UV, IR ,NMR)
DSE:2A (CHOOSE CHEM302TH INDUSTRIAL CHEMICALS AND 6
ANY ONE FROM CHEM302IA ENVIRONMENT
GIVEN THREE) CHEM302PR
CHEM303TH QUANTUM CHEMISTRY,

CHEM303IA SPECTROSCOPY &
CHEM303PR PHOTOCHEMISTRY
MATH301TH MATRICES
MATH301IA
6
DISCIPLINE MATH302TH MECHANICS
SPECIFIC MATH302IA
ELECTIVES
DSE:3A (CHOOSE MATH303TH LINEAR ALGEBRA
ANY ONE FROM MATH303IA
GIVEN THREE)
PHYS304TH NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE PHYSICS
DISCIPLINE PHYS304TU NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE PHYSICS (TH+IA
SPECIFIC Tutorials =5
ELECTIVES TU = 1)
PHYS305TH QUANTUM MECHANICS Theory OR
DSE:1B (CHOOSE PHYS305IA 4+2
ANY ONE FROM PHYS305PR QUANTUM MECHANICS Lab (TH+IA
GIVEN THREE) =4
PHYS306TH PHYSICS OF DEVICES AND
PHYS306IA INSTRUMENTS Theory PR = 2)
PHYS306PR PHYSICS OF DEVICES AND
INSTRUMENTS Lab
CHEM304TH CHEMISTRY OF TRANSITION AND

CHEM304IA INNER TRANSITION ELEMENTS,
10
DISCIPLINE CHEM304PR COORDINATION CHEMISTRY,
SPECIFIC ORGANOMETTALICS, ACIDS & BASES
ELECTIVES CHEM305TH
CHEM305IA
DSE:2B (CHOOSE CHEM305PR POLYMER CHEMISTRY 6
ANY ONE FROM
GIVEN THREE)
CHEM306TH MOLECULES OF LIFE
CHEM306IA
CHEM306PR
MATH304TH NUMERICAL METHODS
MATH304IA
DISCIPLINE
SPECIFIC MATH305TH COMPLEX ANALYSIS
ELECTIVES MATH305IA 6
DSE:3B (CHOOSE MATH306TH LINEAR PROGRAMMING

GIVEN THREE)
MATH307TH LOGIC AND SETS

MATH307IA
SEC3 MATH308TH ANALYTIC GEOMETRY

(CHOOSE ANY ONE MATH308IA
FROM GIVEN
TWELVE) MATH309TH INTEGRAL CALCULUS
MATH309IA
MATH310TH VECTOR CALCULUS 4

MATH310IA
MATH311TH BOOLEAN ALGEBRA

MATH311IA
MATH312TH NUMBER THEORY

MATH312IA
MATH313TH PROBABILITY AND STATISTICS

MATH313IA
MATH314TH MATHEMATICAL FINANCE

MATH314IA
MATH315TH MATHEMATICAL MODELING

MATH315IA
MATH316TH THEORY OF EQUATIONS

MATH316IA
MATH317TH TRANSPORTATION AND GAME

MATH317IA THEORY
11
MATH318TH GRAPH THEORY
MATH318IA
CHOOSE ANY ONE COURSE OUT OF THE LISTS OF SEC
SEC4 COURSES OF PHYSICS/MATHEMATICS, BUT NOT
(IN CASE OF CHOSEN EARLIER IN SEC1 AND SEC3
CHEMISTRY 4
CHEM307 CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY & SOCIETY
CHOOSE ANY ONE AND BUSINESS SKILLS FOR
FROM GIVEN TWO) CHEMISTRY
CHEM308 PESTICIDE CHEMISTRY &
PHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY
*
TH = Theory, IA = Internal Assessment, PR = Practical, TU = Tutorials and SE = Skill Exam
HIMACHAL PRADESH UNIVERSITY

SYLLABUS AND SCHEME OF EXAMINATION FOR B.Sc. WITH
PHYSICS
Year Course Type Course Code Title of paper *
Credits
CORE COURSE-I PHYS101TH MECHANICS Theory 4

PHYS101IA
I PHYS101PR MECHANICS Lab 2
CORE COURSE-II CHEM101TH ATOMIC STRUCTURE, BONDING, 6

CHEM101IA GENERAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY &
CHEM101PR ALIPHATIC HYDROCARBONS
CORE COURSE-III MATH101TH DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS 6

MATH101IA
A.E.C. COURSE-I ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE 4
CORE COURSE-IV PHYS102TH ELECTRICITY, MAGNETISIM AND 4

PHYS102IA EMT Theory
PHYS102PR ELECTRICITY, MAGNETISIM AND 2
EMT Lab
CORE COURSE-V CHEM102TH STATES OF MATTER, CHEMICAL 6

CHEM102IA KINETICS & FUNCTIONAL ORGANIC
CHEM102PR CHEMISTRY
CORE COURSE-VI MATH102TH DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS 6

12
MATH102IA
A.E.C.COURSE-II ENGLISH/MIL COMMUNICATION 4
CORE COURSE-VII PHYS201TH STATISTICAL AND THERMAL 4

PHYS201IA PHYSICS Theory
II PHYS201PR STATISTICAL AND THERMAL 2
PHYSICS Lab
CORE COURSE-VIII CHEM201TH SOLUTIONS, PHASE EQUILIBRIUM, 6

CHEM201IA CONDUCTANCE
CHEM201PR ELECTROCHEMISTRY & ORGANIC
CHEMISTRY
CORE COURSE-IX MATH201TH REAL ANALYSIS 6

MATH201IA
CORE COURSE-X PHYS202TH WAVES AND OPTICS Theory 4

PHYS202IA
PHYS202PR WAVES AND OPTICS Lab 2
CORE COURSE-XI CHEM202TH CHEMISTRY OF MAIN GROUP

CHEM202IA ELEMENTS, CHEMICAL ENERGETICS
CHEM202PR AND EQUILIBRIA 6
CORE COURSE-XII MATH202TH ALGEBRA 6

MATH202IA
PHYS203TH PHYSICS WORKSHOP SKILLS Theory
PHYS203IA
SEC 1 PHYS203SE PHYSICS WORKSHOP SKILLS Skill 3+1
Exam
(CHOOSE ANY ONE (TH+IA
FROM GIVEN TWO) PHYS204TH COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS Theory =3
PHYS204IA
PHYS204SE COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS Lab SE = 1)
PHYS205TH ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS AND

PHYS205IA NETWORK SKILLS Theory
SEC 2 PHYS205SE ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS AND 3+1
(CHOOSE ANY ONE NETWORK SKILLS Skill Exam
FROM GIVEN TWO) (TH+IA
PHYS206TH BASIC INSTRUMENTATION SKILLS =3
PHYS206IA Theory
PHYS206SE BASIC INSTRUMENTATION SKILLS SE = 1)
Skill Exam
PHYS301TH ELEMENTS OF MODERN PHYSICS
III PHYS301PR ELEMENTS OF MODERN PHYSICS Lab (TH+IA
=4
DISCIPLINE PHYS302TH SOLID STATE PHYSICS AND
SPECIFIC PHYS302IA ELECTRONICS Theory PR = 2)
ELECTIVES PHYS302PR SOLID STATE PHYSICS AND OR
13
DSE:1A (CHOOSE ELECTRONICS Lab 5+1
ANY ONE FROM (TH+IA
GIVEN THREE) PHYS303TH ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS =5
PHYS303IA Theory
PHYS303TU ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS TU = 1)
Tutorials
CHEM301TH POLYNUCLEAR HYDROCARBONS,

DISCIPLINE CHEM301IA DYES, HETEROCYCLIC
SPECIFIC CHEM301PR COMPOUNDS AND SPECTROSCOPY
ELECTIVES (UV, IR ,NMR)
DSE:2A (CHOOSE CHEM302TH INDUSTRIAL CHEMICALS AND 6
ANY ONE FROM CHEM302IA ENVIRONMENT
GIVEN THREE) CHEM302PR
CHEM303TH QUANTUM CHEMISTRY,

CHEM303IA SPECTROSCOPY &
CHEM303PR PHOTOCHEMISTRY
DISCIPLINE MATH301TH MATRICES

SPECIFIC MATH301IA
ELECTIVES 6
DSE:3A (CHOOSE MATH302TH MECHANICS
GIVEN THREE)
MATH303TH LINEAR ALGEBRA
MATH303IA
PHYS304TH NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE PHYSICS

DISCIPLINE PHYS304TU NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE PHYSICS (TH+IA
SPECIFIC Tutorials =5
ELECTIVES TU = 1)
PHYS305TH QUANTUM MECHANICS Theory OR
DSE:1B (CHOOSE PHYS305IA 4+2
ANY ONE FROM PHYS305PR QUANTUM MECHANICS Lab (TH+IA
GIVEN THREE) =4
PHYS306TH PHYSICS OF DEVICES AND PR = 2)
PHYS306IA INSTRUMENTS Theory
PHYS306PR PHYSICS OF DEVICES AND
INSTRUMENTS Lab
CHEM304TH CHEMISTRY OF TRANSITION AND

CHEM304IA INNER TRANSITION ELEMENTS,
DISCIPLINE CHEM304PR COORDINATION CHEMISTRY,
SPECIFIC ORGANOMETTALICS, ACIDS & BASES
ELECTIVES CHEM305TH
CHEM305IA
DSE:2B (CHOOSE CHEM305PR POLYMER CHEMISTRY 6
ANY ONE FROM
GIVEN THREE)
CHEM306TH MOLECULES OF LIFE
CHEM306IA
14
CHEM306PR
DISCIPLINE MATH304TH NUMERICAL METHOD

SPECIFIC MATH304IA
ELECTIVES 6
MATH305TH COMPLEX ANALYSIS
DSE:3B (CHOOSE MATH305IA
ANY ONE FROM
GIVEN THREE) MATH306TH LINEAR PROGRAMMING
MATH306IA
PHYS307TH RADIATION SAFETY Theory

SEC 3 PHYS307IA 3+1
(CHOOSE ANY ONE PHYS307SE RADIATION SAFETY Skill Exam (TH+IA
FROM GIVEN TWO) =3
PHYS308TH APPLIED OPTICS Theory
PHYS308IA SE = 1)
PHYS308SE APPLIED OPTICS Skill Exam
PHYS309TH WEATHER FORECASTING Theory

SEC 4 PHYS309IA 3+1
(CHOOSE ANY ONE PHYS309SE WEATHER FORECASTING Skill Exam (TH+IA
FROM GIVEN TWO) =3
PHYS310TH RENEWABLE ENERGY AND ENERGY SE = 1)
PHYS310IA HARVESTING Theory
PHYS310SE RENEWABLE ENERGY AND ENERGY
HARVESTING Skill Exam
*
TH = Theory, IA = Internal Assessment, PR = Practical, TU = Tutorials and SE = Skill Exam
15
Years COURSE OPTED COURSE NAME Credits
I Ability Enhancement Compulsory 4
Course-I Environmental Science
Core course-I Mechanics 4
Core Course-I Practical/Tutorial Mechanics Lab 2
Core Course II DSC 2A 6
Core Course III DSC 3A 6
Ability Enhancement Compulsory English/MIL communications/ 4
Course-II
Core course-IV Electricity, Magnetism and EMT 4
Electricity, Magnetism and EMT
Core Course-IV Practical/Tutorial Lab 2
Core Course V DSC 2B 6
Core Course VI DSC 3B 6
Core course-VII Statistical and Thermal Physics 4
II Core Course-VII Practical/Tutorial Statistical and Thermal Physics 2
Core Course VIII DSC 2C 6
Core Course IX DSC 3C 6

Skill Enhancement Course -1 SEC-1 4
Core Course-X Waves and Optics 4
Core Course-X Practical/Tutorial Waves and Optics Lab 2
Core Course XI DSC 2D 6
Core Course XII DSC 3D 6
Skill Enhancement Course -2 SEC -2 4

16
III
Discipline Specific Elective -1 DSE-1A: Physics 6
Discipline Specific Elective -2 DSE-2A: Chemistry 6
Discipline Specific Elective -3 DSE-3A: Mathematics 6
Discipline Specific Elective -4 DSE-1B: Physics 6
Discipline Specific Elective -5 DSE-2B: Chemistry 6
Discipline Specific Elective -6 DSE-3B: Mathematics 6
Total Credits 132
*Wherever there is a practical there will be no tutorial and vice versa. The size of group for practical
papers is recommended to be maximum of 12 to 15 students.
17
B.Sc. Program with Physics as one subject
Core papers Physics (Credit: 06 each) (CP 1-4):
PHYS101 Mechanics (4) + Lab (2)

PHYS102 Electricity, Magnetism and EMT (4) + Lab (2)
PHYS201 Statistical and Thermal Physics (4) + Lab (2)
PHYS202 Waves and Optics (4) + Lab (2)
Discipline Specific Elective papers (Credit: 06 each) (DSE 1A, DSE 1B):
Choose two courses in 3rd year, any one from each DSE-1A and DSE-1B
DSE -1 A (Choose one course only):

PHYS301 Elements of Modern Physics (4) + Lab (2)
PHYS302 Solid State Physics and Electronics (4) + Lab (2)
PHYS303 Astronomy and Astrophysics (5) + Tutorials (1)
DSE -1 B (Choose one course only):

PHYS304 Nuclear and particle Physics ( 5) + Tutorials (1)
PHYS305 Quantum Mechanics ( 4) + Lab (2)
PHYS306 Physics of Devices and Instruments (4) + Lab (2)
Skill Enhancement Course (any four) (Credit: 04 each) - SEC 1 to SEC 4

SEC- 1 B.Sc Physical Science/ B.Sc. With Physics
PHYS203 Physics Workshop Skills (For B.Sc. Physical Science/ B.Sc. With Physics)
or
PHYS204 Computational Physics (For B.Sc. Physical Science/ B.Sc. With Physics)
or
PHYS205 Electrical Circuits and Network Skills (For B.Sc. Physical Science only)
SEC- 2 B.Sc. With Physics
PHYS205 Electrical Circuits and Network Skills
or
PHYS206 Basic Instrumentation Skills
PHYS307 Radiation Safety
or
PHYS308 Applied Optics
PHYS309 Weather Forecasting
or
PHYS310 Renewable Energy and Energy Harvesting
18
Yearly Based Examination (YBE) and Comprehensive
Continuance Assessment (CCA) Scheme of Three Years
Degree of B.Sc. Physical Sciences/B.Sc. with Physics (Annual
Pattern)
⮚ Scheme for Examination for each course:
❖ The medium of instructions and Examinations shall be English only
❖ YBE, Practical and Skill Examinations shall be conducted at the end of each
yearly session as per the Academic Calendar notified by H.P. University,
Shimla-5, time to time.
❖ Practical (2 Credits) and Skill Test Examinations (1 Credit) shall be conducted

in Laboratory.
❖ Each course of 6 credits (Theory + Practical/Tutorials)/4 credits (SEC Theory

+ Skill Exam) will carry 100 marks and distribution of marks is given under
each courses.
❖ The minimum passing marks will be 40% in aggregate. However, 35% each in
Internal Assessment (CCA) and Final Examinations will be compulsory. For
Practical/Tutorial/Skill Test Exam 40% passing marks will be compulsory and
if candidate fails to obtain 40% marks in Practical/Tutorial/Skill Test Exam
will be treated as fail in that subject.
❖ Compartment in at most 2 subjects i.e. (25%) of the total subjects.
❖ Criteria for Class-room and Laboratory/Tutorials Attendance (05 marks):

75% attendance is compulsory both in theory and practical. Each seminars
and submission of Projects/Dissertation/Assignments are mandatory.
(a) Attendance 75% to 80% 1 marks

(b) Attendance 81% to 85% 2 marks
(c) Attendance 86% to 90% 3 marks
(d) Attendance 91% to 95% 4 marks
(e) Attendance 96% to 100% 5 marks
� Note: B.Sc. Physical Science or B.Sc. with Physics qualifications are eligible to
apply for master degree courses in Physics/Chemistry/Mathematics.
Ist Year
MECHANICS
19
Name of the Course PHYSICS-DSC 1A: MECHANICS (Credits:
Theory-04) Theory: 60 Lectures
Code PHYS101TH
Yearly Based Examination 50 marks (3 Hrs)
Continuous Comprehensive 30 marks
Assessment (CCA)
CCA: Based on Midterm Exam, Class Test/Seminar/Assignments/Quiz and Attendance:
CCA Theory: Midterm Exam = 10 marks, Class Test/Seminar/Assignments/Quiz = 05
marks, Attendance Theory = 05 marks. CCA Lab: Lab Seminar + Lab Attendance =
5+5 marks.
Instructions for Paper Setters and Candidates:

1. The question paper will consist of five sections: Section A(compulsory, covering syllabus
from all the units),section B(Unit I), section C(Unit II),section D(Unit III) and section E(Unit
IV). Examiner will set nine questions in all, question number 1 (One) will be compulsory
and selecting two questions each from Units I, II, III and IV respectively. Each question from
section B, C, D and E will carry 09 marks. Question Number 1. (Section A), will consist of
seven sub-questions each of 2 marks of types: Multiple Choice Questions (MCQ)/fill in the
blanks and/or short answer type questions.
2. The candidate will be required to attempt five questions in all i.e. selecting one question from
each sections B, C, D and E and seven sub-questions from section A (Compulsory question
number 1). The duration of the examination will be 3 hours.
Unit-I
Ordinary Differential Equations: 1st order homogeneous differential equations. 2nd order
homogeneous differential equations with constant coefficients.
Coordinate systems and motion of a particle: Volume, velocity and acceleration in Cartesian
and Spherical co-ordinate systems, Solid angle. (6 Lectures)
Space Time Symmetry and Conservation Laws: Relationship of conservation laws and
symmetries of space and time. (4 Lectures)
Frames of Reference: Inertial frames of reference, Galilean transformation and Galilean
invariance. Non-inertial frames, Coriolis force and its applications; Foucault’s pendulum.
(5 Lectures)
Unit-II
Gravitation and Inverse Square Force Law: Newton’s Law of Gravitation, Various forces in
nature (qualitative). Central and non-central forces, Inverse square force, Centre of mass.
Equivalent one body problem. Reduced mass, angular momentum in central force field.Equation
of motion under a force law. Equation of orbit and turning points. relationship between
eccentricity and energy, Kepler’s laws., Basic idea of global positioning system (GPS).
(15 Lectures)
Unit-III
Rotational Motion and Kinematics of Elastic and Inelastic Collisions : Angular velocity,
angular momentum, Torque, Conservation of angular momentum,: Elastic and inelastic
collisions, coefficient of restitution, Elastic collisions in laboratory and C.M. systems,
Velocities, angle and energies in elastic collisions in C.M. and lab. Systems, Classical
Scattering: Cross- section for elastic scattering, Rutherford scattering (with derivation).
20
(15 Lectures)
Unit IV
Special Theory of Relativity: Concept of stationary universal frame of reference and search for
ether. Michelson- Morley experiment, postulates of special theory of relativity. Lorentz
transformations. Observer in relativity. Relativity of simultaneity. (8 Lectures)
Effects of Relativity: Length contraction. Time dilation. Relativistic addition of velocities.

Relativistic Doppler effect. Variation of mass with velocity and mass energy equivalence.
Increase of mass in an inelastic collision, Relativistic momentum and energies. Transformation
of momentum, energy. Minkowsky space. (7 Lectures)
Reference Books:
• University Physics. FW Sears, MW Zemansky and HD Young13/e, 1986. Addison-
Wesley
• Mechanics Berkeley Physics course,v.1: Charles Kittel, et. Al. 2007, Tata McGraw-Hill.
• Physics – Resnick, Halliday & Walker 9/e, 2010, Wiley
• Engineering Mechanics, Basudeb Bhattacharya, 2nd edn., 2015, Oxford University Press
• University Physics, Ronald Lane Reese, 2003, Thomson Brooks/Cole.
• Mechanics, D.S. Mathur, S. Chand and Company Ltd.
• An Introduction to Mechanics, Kleppner, Tata Macgraw Hill.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
MECHANICS LAB
Name of the Course PHYSICS-DSC 1A LAB: MECHANICS
(Credits: -02)
Code PHYS 101PR
Distribution of Marks: Experiment = 8 Marks, Written/ Skills= 4 Marks Viva Voce =
4 Marks, Practical Record Book= 4 Marks.
PHYSICS LAB: DSC 1A LAB: MECHANICS
60 Lectures
1. Measurements of length (or diameter) using vernier caliper, screw gauge and travelling
microscope.
2. To determine the Height of a Building using a Sextant.
3. To determine the Moment of Inertia of a Flywheel.
4. To determine the Young's Modulus of a Wire by Optical Lever Method.
5. To determine the Modulus of Rigidity of a Wire by Maxwell’s needle.
6. To determine the Elastic Constants of a Wire by Searle’s method.
7. To determine g by Bar Pendulum.

21
8. To determine g by Kater’s Pendulum.
9. To determine g and velocity for a freely falling body using Digital Timing Technique
10. To study the Motion of a Spring and calculate (a) Spring Constant (b) Value of g
11. To find the moment of inertia of an irregular body about an axis through its C.G with the
torsional pendulum.
12. To compare the moment of inertia of a solid sphere and hollow sphere or solid disc of
same mass with the torsional pendulum.
13. To verify (a) the law of conservation of linear momentum and (b) law conservation of
kinetic energy on case of elastic collision.
Reference Books:
● Advanced Practical Physics for students, B.L.Flint and H.T.Worsnop, 1971, Asia
Publishing House.
● Advanced level Physics Practicals, Michael Nelson and Jon M. Ogborn, 4 th Edition,
reprinted 1985, Heinemann Educational Publishers.
● Engineering Practical Physics, S.Panigrahi & B.Mallick,2015, Cengage Learning India Pvt.
Ltd.
● A Text Book of Practical Physics, Indu Pra..kash and Ramakrishna, 11 th Edition,
2011, Kitab Mahal, New Delhi.

● B.Sc Practical Physics C.L. Arora, S. Chand and company Ltd.
Ist Year
ELECTRICITY, MAGNETISM AND EMT

Name of the Course PHYSICS-DSC 1B: ELECTRICITY,
MAGNETISM AND EMT
(Credits: Theory-04)
Theory: 60 Lectures
Code PHYS102TH
Assessment (CCA)
5+5 marks.

22
Unit-I
Vector Analysis: Review of vector algebra (Scalar and Vector product), gradient, divergence,
Curl and their significance, Vector Integration, Line, surface and volume integrals of Vector
fields, Gauss-divergence theorem, Stokes’s theorem, Green’s theorem. (5 Lectures)
Electrostatics: Significance of electrostatic force, Electrostatic Field, electric flux, Gauss's
theorem of electrostatics. Applications of Gauss theorem- Electric field due to point charge,
infinite line of charge, uniformly charged spherical shell and solid sphere, plane charged sheet,
charged conductor, electrostatic potential, electrostatic potential energy. Electric potential due to
a dipole and quadrupole, long uniformly changed wire, charged disc. Electric potential energy.
Electric field as a gradient of a scalar potential. Calculation of electric field due to a point
charge and a dipole from potential. Method of Electrical Images. Poisson and Laplace
equations. (7 Lectures)
Electric Current and Fields of Moving charges: Current and current density. Continuity
equation; ∇J + ∂ρ/∂t = 0. Microscopic form of Ohm’s law (J α E) and conductivity. Failure of
Ohms law and its explanation. Invariance of charge. (3 Lectures)
Unit-II
Magnetism: Ampere circuital law and its applications. Hall Effect, Expression for Hall constant
and its significance. Divergence and curl of magnetic field B. Vector potential: Definition of
vector potential A and derivation. (5 Lectures)
Field of Moving Charges: E in different frames of reference. Field of a point charge moving
with constant velocity. Field of charge that starts or stops (qualitative). Interaction between
moving charge and force between parallel currents. (4 Lectures)
Surface current density: Definition. and its use in calculation of change in magnetic field at a
current sheet. Transformation equations of E and B from one frame of reference to another.
Dielectrics, parallel plate capacitor with a dielectric, dielectric constant, polarization and
polarization vector, displacement vector D, molecular interpretation of Claussius - Mossotti
equation, boundary conditions satisfied by E and D at the interface between two homogenous
dielectrics, illustration through a simple example. (6 Lectures)
Unit-III
Electrostatic Fields in Dielectrics: Polarization of matter. Atomic and molecular dipoles,

induced. Dipole moment and atomic polarizability. Electric susceptibility and polarization vector
Capacity of a capacitor filled with Dielectrics. Dielectrics and Gauss’s law Displacement vector-
Establishment of relation ∇.D = ρ free . Energy stored in a dielectric medium. (7 Lectures)
Magnetic Fields in Matter: Behavior of various substances in magnetic fields. Definition of M
23
and H and their relation to free and bound currents. Magnetic permeability and susceptibility and
their interrelation. Orbital motion of electrons and diamagnetism. Electron spin and
paramagnetic. Ferromagnetism. Domain theory of ferromagnetism, magnetization curve,
hysterics loss, ferrites. (8 Lectures)
Unit-IV
Maxwell`s equations and Electromagnetic wave propagation: Displacement current,

Maxwell's equations and its physical interpretation, EM waves and wave equation in a medium
having finite permeability and permittivity but with conductivity σ = 0. Poynting vector,
Poynting theorem, Impedence of a dielectric to EM waves, EM waves in conducting medium
and skin depth. EM waves velocity in a conductor and anomalous dispersion. Reflection and
Transmission of EM waves at a boundary of two dielectric media for normal and oblique
incidence of reflection of EM waves from the surface of a conductor at normal incidence.
(15 Lectures)
Reference Books:
• Electricity and Magnetism, Edward M. Purcell, 1986, McGraw-Hill Education..
• Electricity and Magnetism, J.H. Fewkes & J. Yarwood. Vol. I, 1991, Oxford Univ.
Press.
• Electricity and Magnetism, D C Tayal, 1988, Himalaya Publishing House.

• Introduction to Electrodynamics, D.J. Griffth, 3rd Edition, Prentice Hall of India.
• Electricity and Magnetism, Brij Lal and Subramanium, S. Chand & Co. Ltd.
• Electricity and Magnetism, A S Mahajan and A A Rangwala, Tata McGraw Hill Company.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ELECTRICITY, MAGNETISM AND EMT LAB

Name of the Course PHYSICS-DSC 1B LAB: ELECTRICITY,
MAGNETISM AND EMT
(Credits: -02)
Code PHYS 102PR
PHYSICS LAB- DSC 1B LAB: ELECTRICITY, MAGNETISM AND EMT
60 Lectures
1. To use a Multimeter for measuring (a) Resistances, (b) AC and DC Voltages, (c) DC
Current, and (d) checking electrical fuses.
2. Ballistic Galvanometer:
24
(i) Measurement of charge and current sensitivity
(ii) Measurement of CDR
(iii) Determine a high resistance by Leakage Method
(iv) To determine Self Inductance of a Coil by Rayleigh’s Method.
3. To compare capacitances using De’Sauty’s bridge.
4. Measurement of field strength B and its variation in a Solenoid (Determine dB/dx).
5. To study the Characteristics of a Series RC Circuit.
6. To study the a series LCR circuit and determine its (a) Resonant Frequency, (b) Quality
Factor
7. To study a parallel LCR circuit and determine its (a) Anti-resonant frequency and
(b) Quality factor Q
8. To determine a Low Resistance by Carey Foster’s Bridge.
9. To verify the Thevenin and Norton theorem
10. To verify the Superposition, and Maximum Power Transfer Theorem

11. To determine unknown capacitance by flashing and quenching method
12. To find frequency of ac supply using an electrical viberator.
13. To study the induced emf as a function of the velocity of the magnet (simple method).
Reference Books
• Advanced Practical Physics for students, B.L.Flint & H.T.Worsnop, 1971, Asia Publishing
House.
• A Text Book of Practical Physics, Indu Prakash and Ramakrishna, 11 th Edition, 2011, Kitab
Mahal, New Delhi.
• Engineering Practical Physics, S.Panigrahi & B.Mallick,2015, Cengage Learning India Pvt.
Ltd.
• Advanced level Physics Practicals, Michael Nelson and Jon M. Ogborn, 4 th
Edition, reprinted 1985, Heinemann Educational Publishers

● B.Sc. Practical Physics C.L. Arora, S. Chand and company Ltd.
2nd Year
STATISTICAL AND THERMAL PHYSICS
Name of the Course PHYSICS-DSC 1C: STATISTICAL AND
THERMAL PHYSICS
25
Theory: 60 Lectures
Code PHYS201TH

Assessment (CCA)
5+5 marks.

Unit-I
Basic Ideas of Statistical Physics: Scope of statistical physics, basic ideas about probability,
distribution of four distinguishable particles in two compartments of equal sizes. Concept of
macro-states, micro-states, thermodynamic probability, effect of constraints on the system.
(8 Lectures)
Distribution of Particles in Compartments: Distribution of n particles in two compartments,
Deviation from the state of maximum probability. Equilibrium state of a dynamic system,
distribution of n distinguishable particles in k compartments of unequal sizes.
(7 Lectures)
Unit-II
Types of Statistics in Physics: Phase space and division into elementary cells. Three kinds of
statistics. The basic approach in the three statistics. M-B. Statistics applied to an ideal gas in
equilibrium, experimental verification of the Maxwell Boltzmann‘s law of distribution of
molecular speeds. Need for quantum statistics, h as a natural constant and its implications,
indistinguishability of particles and its implications. B-E statistics, (8 Lectures)
Bose Einstein and Fermi Dirac Statistics: Derivation of Planck’s law of radiation, deduction
of Wien’s distribution law and Stefan’s law from plank’s law. Fermi-Dirac statistics.
Applications to liquid helium, free electrons gas (Fermi level and Fermi Energy), Comparison of
M-B, B-E, F-D statistics. (7 Lectures)
Unit-III
26
Entropy and Laws of Thermodynamics: Application of thermodynamics to the thermoelectric
effect, change of entropy along a reversible path in a p-v diagram, entropy of a perfect gas,
equation of state of ideal gas from simple statistical considerations, heat death of the universe.
(7 Lectures)
Statistical Interpretation of entropy: Statistical definition of entropy, change of entropy of

system, additive nature of entropy, law of increase of entropy. Reversible and irreversible
processes, example of reversible and irreversible processes. Work done in a reversible process,
example of entropy in natural process, entropy and disorder.
(8 Lectures)
Unit-IV
Maxwell’s Thermodynamic Relations and Their Applications: Thermodynamic Potentials:

Enthalpy, Gibbs, Helmholtz and Internal Energy functions, Derivation of Maxwell’s
thermodynamic relations. (7 Lectures)
Applications of thermodynamics relations. Cooling produced by adiabatic stretching,

adiabatic compression, adiabatic Stretching of a wire, stretching of thin films, change of internal
energy with volume. Clausius-Clapeyron Equation, Thermo dynamical treatment of Joule-
Thomson effect for liquification of Helium. Production of very low temperatures by adiabatic
demagnetization, TdS equations. (8 Lectures)
Reference Books:
• Statistical Physics and Thermodynamics, V.S. Bhatia, Sohan Lal Nagin Chand & Co, 1986,
Jalandhar.
• Statistical Mechanics, R.K. Patharia, 2nd Edition, Butterworth-Heinemann.
• Introduction to Statistical Mechanics, B. B. Laud,(1988), Macmillan India Limited
• Statistical Physics, Berkley Physics Course, Vol. 5, F. Rief, Mc-Graw Hill Book Company.
• Thermal Physics, S. Garg, R. Bansal and C. Ghosh, 1993, Tata McGraw-Hill.
• Thermodynamics, Enrico Fermi, 1956, Courier Dover Publications.
• Thermodynamics, Kinetic theory & Statistical thermodynamics, F.W.Sears & G.L.Salinger.

1988, Narosa
• Thermal and Statstical Physics, Brij Lal and Subrahmanyam, S. Chand & Co. Ltd.
• Introduction to Statistical Mechanics, B. B. Laud,(1988), Macmillan India Limited
• Statistical Physics, Berkley Physics Course, Vol. 5, F. Rief, Mc-Graw Hill Book
Company.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
STATISTICAL AND THERMAL PHYSICS LAB

Name of the Course PHYSICS-DSC 1C LAB: STATISTICAL
AND THERMAL PHYSICS
27
(Credits: -02)
Code PHYS 201PR
PHYSICS LAB-DSC 1C LAB: STATISTICAL AND THERMAL PHYSICS
60 Lectures
1. To determine Mechanical Equivalent of Heat, J, by Callender and Barne’s constant flow

method.
2. Measurement of Planck’s constant using black body radiation.
3. To determine Stefan’s Constant.
4. To determine the coefficient of thermal conductivity of copper by Searle’s Apparatus.
5. To determine the Coefficient of Thermal Conductivity of Cu by Angstrom’s Method.
6. To determine the coefficient of thermal conductivity of a bad conductor by Lee and

Charlton’s disc method.
7. To determine the temperature co-efficient of resistance by Platinum resistance

thermometer.
8. To study the variation of thermo emf across two junctions of a thermocouple with
temperature.
9. To record and analyze the cooling temperature of an hot object as a function of time using a
thermocouple and suitable data acquisition system
10. To calibrate Resistance Temperature Device (RTD) using Null Method/Off-Balance

Bridge
11. To prove the law of probability by using one coin, two coins and 10 or more coins.
12. To determine the coefficient of increase of volume of air at constant pressure.
13. To determine the coefficient of increase of pressure of air at constant volume.
14. To study the spectral characteristics of a photo-voltaic cell.
15. To study the current voltage, power load, areal, azimuthal and spectral characteristics of a
photo voltaic cell.
16. To verify inverse square law of radiation using a photoelectric cell.
Reference Books:
• Advanced Practical Physics for students, B.L.Flint & H.T.Worsnop, 1971, Asia Publishing
House.
28
• Advanced level Physics Practicals, Michael Nelson and Jon M. Ogborn, 4 th Edition,
reprinted 1985, Heinemann Educational Publishers
Mahal, New Delhi.
• A Laboratory Manual of Physics for Undergraduate Classes, D.P. Khandelwal,
1985, Vani Publication.

● B.Sc. Practical Physics C.L. Arora, S. Chand and company Ltd.
2nd Year
WAVES AND OPTICS

Name of the Course PHYSICS-DSC 1D: WAVES AND
OPTICS
Theory: 60 Lectures
Code PHYS202TH
Continuous Comprehensive Assessment 30 marks
(CCA)
5+5 marks.

Unit-I
Simple harmonic motion: characteristics, graphical representation of SHM, phase relation

between displacement, velocity and acceleration of a particle, executing SHM, SHM oscillator
(mass attached to a spring placed on horizontal frictionless surface). energy of a simple harmonic
oscillator. solution of the differential equation of SHM. Average kinetic energy, average
29
potential energy and total energy. (7 Lectures)
Damped SHM: Damped oscillations. differential equation of motion of one dimensional
damped harmonic mechanical oscillator. Types of damping. damped harmonic electric oscillator
(differential equation and its solutions). Determination of the damping constants. Logarithmic
decrement. Relaxation time. The quality factor, power dissipation in a damped harmonic
oscillator when damping is weak. Relation between power dissipation energy and relaxation
time of damped harmonic oscillator. (8 Lectures)
Unit-II
The Forced Oscillator: Transient and steady behaviour of forced oscillator. Displacement and
velocity variation with driving force frequency. Variation of phase with frequency. Power
supplied to an oscillator and its variation with frequency. Q- value and band width. Q-value as
an amplification factor (Phasor treatment to be followed). (4 Lectures)
Coupled Oscillators: Stiffness coupled pendulums. Normal co-ordinates and normal modes of
vibration. Inductance coupling of electrical oscillators. (3 Lectures)
Wave Motion: The type of waves. The wave equation and its solution. Characteristic impedance
of a string. Impedance matching. Reflection and transmission of energy. Reflected and
transmitted energy coefficients. Standing waves on a string of fixed length. Energy of a vibrating
string. Wave velocity and group velocity. (8 Lectures)
Unit-III
Wave Optics: Electromagnetic nature of light. Definition and Properties of wave front. Huygens
Principle. (3 Lectures)
Interference: Division of wavefront and division of amplitude. Young’s Double Slit
experiment. Lloyd’s Mirror and Fresnel’s Biprism. Phase change on reflection: Stokes’
treatment. Interference in Thin Films: parallel and wedge-shaped films. Fringes of equal
inclination (Haidinger Fringes); Fringes of equal thickness (Fizeau Fringes). Newton’s Rings:
measurement of wavelength and refractive index. Michelson’s Interferometer.
(12 Lectures)
Unit-IV
Diffraction: Fraunhofer diffraction: Single slit; Double Slit. Multiple slits & Diffraction grating,
Dispersive power of diffraction grating, Fresnel Diffraction: Half-period zones. Zone plate.
Fresnel Diffraction pattern of a straight edge, a slit and a wire using half-period zone analysis.
(8 Lectures)
Polarization: Transverse nature of light waves. Unpolarized and plane polarized light,
production of polarized light, Wire grid polarizer, Polaroid, Effect of intensity of light passing
through Polaroid, Malus’ law, double refraction; ordinary ray and extraordinary ray, positive and
negative crystals, birefringence, Nicol Prism, quarter wave plate and half wave plate,
Polarization by reflection (Brewster law), polarization by scattering,. Circular and elliptical
polarization, production of elliptically polarized and circularly polarized light.
(7 Lectures)
Reference Books:
• A text book of Optics, N. Subrahmanyam, B. Lal, M.N. Avadhanulu, S. Chand &

Company Ltd.
• Fundamentals of Optics, F A Jenkins and H E White, 1976, McGraw-Hill.
• Principles of Optics, B.K. Mathur, 1995, Gopal Printing.

30
• Fundamentals of Optics: Geometrical Physical and Quantum, D. R. Khanna, H. R.
Gulati R. Chand Publication.
• Optics, Eugene Hecht, Addison-Wesley 2002.
WAVES AND OPTICS LAB

Name of the Course PHYSICS-DSC 1D LAB: WAVES AND OPTICS
(Credits: -02)
Code PHYS 202PR
PHYSICS LAB-DSC 1D LAB: WAVES AND OPTICS
60 Lectures
1. To investigate the motion of coupled oscillators

2. Familiarization with Schuster`s focussing; determination of angle of prism.
3. To determine the Refractive Index of the Material of a given Prism using Sodium Light.
4. To determine Dispersive Power and Resolving power of the Material of a given Prism
using Mercury Light
5. To determine the value of Cauchy Constants of a material of a prism.
6. To determine the Resolving Power of a Prism.
7. To determine wavelength of sodium light using Fresnel Bi prism.
8. To determine wavelength of sodium light using Newton’s Rings.
9. To determine the wavelength of Laser light using Diffraction of Single Slit.
10. To determine wavelength of (1) Sodium & (2) spectrum of Mercury light using plane
diffraction Grating
11. To determine the Resolving Power of a Plane Diffraction Grating.
12. To measure the intensity using photo sensor and laser in diffraction patterns of single
and double slits.
13. To find the refractive index of glass slab using travelling microscope
14. To find the refractive index of water using travelling microscope
15. To determine the magnifying power of a telescope.
31
16. To determine the specific rotation of sugar using Laurent’s half-shade polarimeter.
17. Plot a graph between the concentration and rotation for various strengths of sugar
solution and hence find (a) the specific rotation and (b) the concentration of the given
sugar solution.
Reference Books:
• Advanced Practical Physics for students, B.L. Flint & H.T. Worsnop, 1971, Asia Publishing
House.
• Advanced level Physics Practical’s, Michael Nelson and Jon M. Ogborn, 4 th Edition,
Mahal, New Delhi.
DISCIPLINE SPECIFIC ELECTIVE:

SELECT TWO PAPERS
3rd Year
ELEMENTS OF MODERN PHYSICS

Name of the Course PHYSICS-DSE 1A: ELEMENTS OF
MODERN PHYSICS
Theory: 60 Lectures
Code PHYS301TH
Assessment (CCA)
5+5 marks.

Unit-I
Planck’s quantum, Planck’s constant and light as a collection of photons; Photo-electric effect
and Compton scattering. De Broglie wavelength and matter waves; Davisson-Germer
experiment. (10 Lectures)
32
Problems with Rutherford model- instability of atoms and observation of discrete atomic spectra;
Bohr's quantization rule and atomic stability; calculation of energy levels for hydrogen like
atoms and their spectra. (5 Lectures)
Unit-II
Heisenberg uncertainty principle- impossibility trajectory; estimating minimum energy of a
confined principle; Energy-time uncertainty principle. Wave-particle duality.
(4 Lectures)
Matter waves and wave amplitude; Schrodinger equation for non-relativistic particles;
Momentum and Energy operators; stationary states; physical interpretation of wave function,
probabilities and normalization; Probability and probability current densities in one dimension.
(11 Lectures)
Unit-III
One dimensional infinitely rigid box- energy eigenvalues and eigenfunctions, normalization;
Quantum dot as an example; Quantum mechanical scattering and tunnelling in one dimension -
across a step potential and across a rectangular potential barrier. (10 Lectures)
Size and structure of atomic nucleus and its relation with atomic weight; Impossibility of an
electron being in the nucleus as a consequence of the uncertainty principle. Nature of
nuclear force, NZ graph, semi-empirical mass formula and binding energy.
(5 Lectures)
Unit-IV
Radioactivity: stability of nucleus; Law of radioactive decay; Mean life & half-life; α decay; β
decay - energy released, spectrum and Pauli's prediction of neutrino; γ-ray emission.
(11 Lectures)
Fission and fusion - mass deficit, relativity and generation of energy; Fission - nature of
fragments and emission of neutrons. Nuclear reactor: slow neutrons interacting with Uranium
235; Fusion and thermonuclear reactions. (4 Lectures)
Reference Books:
• Concepts of Modern Physics, Arthur Beiser, 2009, McGraw-Hill
• Modern Physics, John R. Taylor, Chris D. Zafiratos, Michael A.Dubson,2009, PHI

Learning
• Six Ideas that Shaped Physics: Particle Behave like Waves, Thomas A. Moore, 2003,
McGraw Hill
• Quantum Physics, Berkeley Physics Course Vol.4. E.H. Wichman, 2008, Tata McGraw-
Hill Co.
• Modern Physics, R.A. Serway, C.J. Moses, and C.A.Moyer, 2005, Cengage Learning
• Modern Physics, G. Kaur and G.R. Pickrell, 2014, McGraw Hill
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ELEMENTS OF MODERN PHYSICS LAB

Name of the Course PHYSICS-DSE 1A LAB: ELEMENTS OF
33
MODERN PHYSICS
(Credits: -02)
Code PHYS301PR
PRACTICALS – DSE 1A LAB: ELEMENTS OF MODERN PHYSICS
60 Lectures
1. To determine value of Boltzmann constant using V-I characteristic of PN diode.
2. To determine work function of material of filament of directly heated vacuum diode.
3. To determine value of Planck’s constant using LEDs of at least 4 different colours.
4. To determine the ionization potential of mercury.
5. To determine the wavelength of H-alpha emission line of Hydrogen atom.
6. To determine the absorption lines in the rotational spectrum of Iodine vapour.
7. To study the diffraction patterns of single and double slits using laser source and
measure its intensity variation using Photosensor and compare with incoherent source –
Na light.
8. Photo-electric effect: photo current versus intensity and wavelength of light; maximum
energy of photo-electrons versus frequency of light
9. To determine the value of e/m by magnetic focusing.
10. To setup the Millikan oil drop apparatus and determine the charge of an electron.
11. To verify the inverse square law by using photovoltaic cell.
12. To measure the DC voltage by using CRO
13. To display the action of junction Diode as (a) Half wave rectifier and (b) Full wave
rectifier using CRO
14. To determine e/m by magnetron method or small solenoid method.
Reference Books:
• Advanced Practical Physics for students, B.L. Flint & H.T. Worsnop, 1971, Asia Publishing
House.
• A Text Book of Practical Physics, Indu Prakash and Ramakrishna, 11 th Edition,
2011, Kitab Mahal, New Delhi.
3rd Year
34
SOLID STATE PHYSICS AND ELECTRONICS
Name of the Course PHYSICS-DSE 1A: SOLID STATE PHYSICS
AND ELECTRONICS
Theory: 60 Lectures
Code PHYS302TH
Assessment (CCA)
5+5 marks.

Unit-I
Crystal Structure and Crystal Bonding: Lattice Translation Vectors. Lattice with a Basis. Unit
Cell. Miller Indices. Reciprocal Lattice. Types of Lattices. Brillouin Zones. Diffraction of X-rays
by Crystals. Bragg’s Law. Laue pattern, Laue equation, Atomic and Geometrical Factor.
Potential between a pair of atoms, Lennard-Jones potential, Ionic, Covalent, Vander - Waal’s.
Calculation of cohesive energy for ionic and inert gas system. (10 Lectures)
Elementary Lattice Dynamics: Lattice Vibrations and Phonons: Linear Monoatomic and
Diatomic Chains. Acoustical and Optical Phonons. Qualitative Description of the Phonon
Spectrum in Solids. Dulong and Petit’s Law, Einstein and Debye theories of specific heat of
solids. T3 law (5 Lectures)
Unit-II
Free electron theory of metals: Classical picture, Fermi gas, density of states, Fermi energy
and fermi velocity, electronic contribution to specific heat of metals. (3 Lectures)
Band Theory of Metals: Kronig Penny model, Brillouin zones, electrons in periodic structure,
energy bands, energy gaps, effective mass of electrons and holes, metals, insulators, p and n type
Semiconductors effective mass of electron, mobility. (4 Lectures)
Superconductivity: Experimental Results. Critical Temperature. Critical magnetic field.

35
Meissner effect. Type I and type II Superconductors, London’s Equation and Penetration Depth.
Isotope effect. cooper pairs, BCS theory. (8 Lectures)
Unit-III
Junction diodes: pn junctions, V-I characteristics, Zener diode, voltage regulation, tunnel diode,
LED and LCD, Solar cell, diode as circuit element, load line concept, Rectifiers: Half Wave, full
wave and bridge rectifier, efficiency and ripple factor, filter circuits. (7 Lectures)
Transistors: Characteristics of a transistor in CB, CE and CC mode, idea of equivalent circuits,

α and β of BJT, common emitter amplifier. Field Effect Transistor: working of JFET, voltage
ampere curves, biasing JFET, ac operation of JFET, depletion and enhancement mode,
MOSFET, FET amplifier. (8 Lectures)
Unit-IV
Amplifiers: Small signal amplifiers: General principles of operation, classification, distortion,

RC coupled amplifier, gain frequency response, input and output impedance. Multistage
amplifiers, transformed coupled amplifiers, Equivalent circuits at low, medium and high
frequencies, emitter follower, low frequency common source and common drain amplifier,
Noise in electronic circuits. Feedback in amplifiers; negative feedback and stability.
(9 Lectures)
Oscillators: Braukhausen criteria for oscillations, Tuned collector, Hartley and colpitts
oscillators, phase shift oscillators, operational amplifiers, inverting and non-inverting amplifiers,
operational amplifier as adder, subtractor, comparator, integrator and differentiator.
(6 Lectures)
Reference Books:
• Introduction to Solid State Physics, Charles Kittel, 8th Ed., 2004, Wiley India Pvt. Ltd.
• Elements of Solid State Physics, J.P. Srivastava, 2nd Ed., 2006, Prentice-Hall of India
• Introduction to Solids, Leonid V. Azaroff, 2004, Tata Mc-Graw Hill
• Solid State Physics, Neil W. Ashcroft and N. David Mermin, 1976, Cengage Learning
• Basic Electronics, D.C. Tayal, Himalya Publishing House.

• Physics of Semiconductor Devices, Dilip K. Roy (1992), Universites Press, Distributed by
Orient Longman Limited.
• Solid State Electronic Devices, Ben G. Streetman, 2 nd Edtion(1986), Prentice Hall Of India
New Delhi-110001.
• Electronic Principles, A.P. Malvino, 3rd Edition(1984), Tata Mcgraw Hill Edition, New
Delhi.
• Principle of Electronics, VK Mehta, S Chand and Company
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SOLID STATE PHYSICS AND ELECTRONICS LAB
Name of the Course PRACTICALS –DSE 1A LAB: SOLID
STATE PHYSICS AND ELECTRONICS
(Credits: -02)
36
Code PHYS302PR
PRACTICALS –DSE 1A LAB: SOLID STATE PHYSICS AND ELECTRONICS

60 Lectures
1. Measurement of susceptibility of paramagnetic solution (Quinck`s Tube Method)
2. To measure the Magnetic susceptibility of Solids.
3. To determine the Coupling Coefficient of a Piezoelectric crystal.
4. To measure the Dielectric Constant of a dielectric Materials with frequency
5. To determine the complex dielectric constant and plasma frequency of metal using Surface
Plasmon resonance (SPR)
6. To determine the refractive index of a dielectric layer using SPR
7. To study the PE Hysteresis loop of a Ferroelectric Crystal.

8. To draw the BH curve of iron using a Solenoid and determine the energy loss from
Hysteresis.
9. To measure the resistivity of a semiconductor (Ge) crystal with temperature by four-probe

method (from room temperature to 150 oC) and to determine its band gap.
10. To study the characteristics of FET

11. To find energy gap of a semiconductor.
12. To study the characteristics of Zener diode.
13. To study the voltage regulation using Zener diode
14. To study the characteristics of NPN transistor
15. To study the characteristics of PNP transistor
16. To measure the efficiency and ripple factors for: a) Half wave b) full wave and c) bridge
rectifier circuits.
17. To study the gain of an amplifier at different frequencies and to find band width and gain
band width product.
18. (a) To draw forward and reverse bias characteristics for a PN-junction diode and draw a
load line.
(b) Study of a diode as a clipping element.
Reference Books
• Advanced Practical Physics for students, B.L. Flint and H.T. Worsnop, 1971, Asia
Publishing House.
• A Text Book of Practical Physics, Indu Prakash and Ramakrishna, 11 th Ed., 2011, Kitab
Mahal, New Delhi
• Elements of Solid State Physics, J.P. Srivastava, 2nd Ed., 2006, Prentice-Hall of
37
India
3rd Year
ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS

Name of the Course PHYSICS-DSE 1A: ASTRONOMY AND
ASTROPHYSICS
(Credits: Theory-05, Tutorial-01)
Theory: 72 Lectures
Code PHYS303TH
Assessment (CCA)
marks, Attendance Theory = 05 marks. CCA Tutorials: Tutorials + Tutorial
Attendance = 5+5 marks.

eleven sub-questions each of 2 marks of types: Multiple Choice Questions (MCQ)/fill in the
each sections B, C, D and E and eleven sub-questions from section A (Compulsory question
Unit-I
Astronomical Scales: Astronomical Distance, Mass and Time, Scales, Brightness, Radiant Flux
and Luminosity, Measurement of Astronomical Quantities Astronomical Distances, Stellar
Radii, Masses of Stars, Stellar Temperature. Basic concepts of positional astronomy: Celestial
Sphere, Geometry of a Sphere, Spherical Triangle, Astronomical Coordinate Systems,
Geographical Coordinate Systems, Horizon System, Equatorial System, Diurnal Motion of the
Stars, Conversion of Coordinates. Measurement of Time, Sidereal Time, Apparent Solar Time,
Mean Solar Time, Equation of Time, Calendar. Basic Parameters of Stars: Determination of
Distance by Parallax Method; Brightness, Radiant Flux and Luminosity, Apparent and Absolute
magnitude scale, Distance Modulus; Determination of Temperature and Radius of a star;
Determination of Masses from Binary orbits; Stellar Spectral Classification, Hertzsprung-Russell
Diagram. (18 Lectures)
Unit-II
Astronomical techniques: Basic Optical Definitions for Astronomy (Magnification Light

Gathering Power, Resolving Power and Diffraction Limit, Atmospheric Windows), Optical
38
Telescopes (Types of Reflecting Telescopes, Telescope Mountings, Space Telescopes, Detectors
and Their Use with Telescopes (Types of Detectors, detection Limits with Telescopes).
Physical principles: Gravitation in Astrophysics (Virial Theorem, Newton versus Einstein),

Systems in Thermodynamic Equilibrium. (18 Lectures)
Unit-III
The sun (Solar Parameters, Solar Photosphere, Solar Atmosphere, Chromosphere. Corona, Solar
Activity, Basics of Solar Magneto-hydrodynamics. Helioseismology).
The solar family (Solar System: Facts and Figures, Origin of the Solar System: The Nebular
Model, Tidal Forces and Planetary Rings, Extra-Solar Planets.
Stellar spectra and classification Structure (Atomic Spectra Revisited, Stellar Spectra,
Spectral Types and Their Temperature Dependence, Black Body Approximation, H R Diagram,
Luminosity Classification) (18 Lectures)
Unit-IV
The milky way: Basic Structure and Properties of the Milky Way, Nature of Rotation of the
Milky Way (Differential Rotation of the Galaxy and Oort Constant, Rotation Curve of the
Galaxy and the Dark Matter, Nature of the Spiral Arms), Stars and Star Clusters of the Milky
Way, Properties of and around the Galactic Nucleus.
Galaxies: Galaxy Morphology, Hubble’s Classification of Galaxies, Elliptical Galaxies (The

Intrinsic Shapes of Elliptical, de Vaucouleurs Law, Stars and Gas). Spiral and Lenticular
Galaxies (Bulges, Disks, Galactic Halo) The Milky Way Galaxy, Gas and Dust in the Galaxy,
Spiral Arms.
Large scale structure & expanding universe: Cosmic Distance Ladder (An Example from
Terrestrial Physics, Distance Measurement using Cepheid Variables), Hubble’s Law (Distance-
Velocity Relation), Clusters of Galaxies (Virial theorem and Dark Matter). (18 Lectures)
Reference Books:
● Modern Astrophysics, B.W. Carroll & D.A. Ostlie, Addison-Wesley Publishing Co.
● Introductory Astronomy and Astrophysics, M. Zeilik and S.A. Gregory, 4thEdition,
Saunders College Publishing.
● The physical universe: An introduction to astronomy, F.Shu, Mill Valley: University Science
Books.
● Fundamental of Astronomy (Fourth Edition), H. Karttunen et al. Springer
● K.S. Krishnasamy, ‘Astro Physics a modern perspective,’ Reprint, New Age International
(p) Ltd, New Delhi,2002.
● Baidyanath Basu, ‘An introduction to Astro physics’, Second printing, Prentice - Hall of
India Private limited, New Delhi,2001.
● Textbook of Astronomy and Astrophysics with elements of cosmology, V.B.Bhatia, Narosa
Publication.
3rd Year
NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE PHYSICS

Name of the Course PHYSICS-DSE 1B: NUCLEAR AND
PARTICLE PHYSICS
39
(Credits: Theory-05, Tutorials-01)
Theory: 72 Lectures
Code PHYS304TH
Assessment (CCA)
marks, Attendance Theory = 05 marks. CCA Tutorial: Tutorial + Tutorial Attendance
= 5+5 marks.

eleven sub-questions each of 2 marks of types: Multiple Choice Questions (MCQ)/fill in the
each sections B, C, D and E and eleven sub-questions from section A (Compulsory question
Unit-I
General Properties of Nuclei: Constituents of nucleus and their Intrinsic properties,

quantitative facts about size, mass, charge density (matter energy), binding energy, average
binding energy and its variation with mass number, main features of binding energy versus mass
number curve, N/A plot, angular momentum, parity, magnetic moment, electric moments,
nuclear excites states.
Nuclear Models: Liquid drop model approach, semi empirical mass formula and significance of
various terms, condition of nuclear stability. Two nucleon separation energies, Fermi gas model
(degenerate fermion gas, nuclear symmetry potential in Fermi gas), evidence for nuclear shell
structure, nuclear magic numbers, basic assumption of shell model, concept of mean field,
residual interaction, concept of nuclear force. (20 Lectures)
Unit-II
Radioactivity decay:(a) Alphaα decay: basics of -decay processes, theory of α-emission,

Gamowα factor, Geiger Nuttall law, -decay spectroscopy. (b) β-decay: energy kinematics for β-
decay, positron emission, electron capture, neutrino hypothesis. (c) Gamma decay: Gamma rays
emission & kinematics, internal conversion.
Nuclear Reactions: Types of Reactions, Conservation Laws, kinematics of reactions, Q-value,
reaction rate, reaction cross section, Concept of compound and direct reaction, resonance
reaction, Coulomb scattering (Rutherford scattering). (18 Lectures)
Unit-III
40
Nuclear Detectors and Accelerators: Interaction of nuclear radiation with matter: Energy loss
due to ionization (Bethe-Block formula), energy loss of electrons, Cerenkov radiation, Detector
for Nuclear Radiations: Gas detectors, estimation of electric field, mobility of particle, for
ionization chamber and GM Counter. Basic principle of Scintillation Detectors and construction
of photo-multiplier tube (PMT). Semiconductor Detectors (Si & Ge) for charge particle and
photon detection (concept of charge carrier and mobility). Accelerator facility available in India:
Van-de Graaff generator (Tandem accelerator), Linear accelerator, Cyclotron, Synchrotrons.
(18 Lectures)
Unit-IV
Particle Physics: Particle interactions; basic features. Classification of elementary particles and
its families. Conservation Laws: energy and momentum, angular momentum, parity, Baryon
number, Lepton number, Isospin, Strangeness, Gell-Mann-Nishijima Scheme, CPT theorem,
parity violation in weak interactions. Particle Symmetries. Quarks Model, quantum number of
quarks and gluons. Quark Model of Hadrons: Quark structure of non strange and strange
hadrons, Mesons and baryons containing charm and bottom quarks, explanation of their quantum
numbers in terms of their constituents quarks, Quark wave function of Mesons and nucleons,
need of color quantum number. Cosmic Rays; origin of cosmic rays. primary and secondary
cosmic rays, hard component and soft component, the altitude effect, the latitude effect, East–
west asymmetry, cosmic rays showers. (18 Lectures)
Reference Books:
• Introductory Nuclear Physics by Kenneth S. Krane (Wiley India Pvt. Ltd., 2008).
• Concepts of Nuclear Physics by Bernard L. Cohen. (Tata Mcgraw Hill, 1998).

• Introduction to the physics of nuclei & particles, R.A. Dunlap. (Thomson Asia, 2004)
• Introduction to Elementary Particles, D. Griffith, John Wiley & Sons.

• Quarks and Leptons, F. Halzen and A.D. Martin, Wiley India, New Delhi
• Basic ideas and concepts in Nuclear Physics - An Introductory Approach by K. Heyde (IOP-
Institute of Physics Publishing, 2004).
• Radiation detection and measurement, G.F. Knoll (John Wiley & Sons, 2000).
• Theoretical Nuclear Physics, J.M. Blatt & V.F. Weisskopf (Dover Pub.Inc., 1991)
• Nuclear Physics, D.C. Tayal, Himalaya Publishing House.
• Introduction to Nuclear and Particle Physics, V.K. Mittal, R.C. Verma, S.C.Gupta, Prentice
Hall of India (N.Delhi)
• Introduction to Particle Physics, M.P. Khanna, Prentice Hall of India (N.Delhi)
• Introduction to Elementary Particles, D. Griffith, John Wiley & Sons.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3rd Year
QUANTUM MECHANICS
Name of the Course PHYSICS-DSE 1B: QUANTUM
41
MECHANICS
Theory: 60 Lectures
Code PHYS305TH
Assessment (CCA)
5+5 marks.

Unit-I
Time dependent Schrodinger equation: Time dependent Schrodinger equation and dynamical
evolution of a quantum state; Properties of Wave Function. Interpretation of Wave Function
Probability and probability current densities in three dimensions; Conditions for Physical
Acceptability of Wave Functions. Normalization. Linearity and Superposition Principles.
Eigenvalues and Eigenfunctions. Position, momentum & Energy operators; commutator of
position and momentum operators; Expectation values of position and momentum. Wave
Function of a Free Particle. (6 Lectures)
Time independent Schrodinger equation-Hamiltonian, stationary states and energy
eigenvalues; expansion of an arbitrary wavefunction as a linear combination of energy
eigenfunctions; General solution of the time dependent Schrodinger equation in terms of linear
combinations of stationary states; Application to the spread of Gaussian wavepacket for a free
particle in one dimension; wave packets, Fourier transforms and momentum space
wavefunction; Position-momentum uncertainty principle. (10 Lectures)
Unit-II
General discussion of bound states in an arbitrary potential- continuity of wave function,

boundary condition and emergence of discrete energy levels; application to one-dimensional
problem- square well potential; Quantum mechanics of simple harmonic oscillator-energy levels
and energy eigenfunctions using Frobenius method. (14 Lectures)
42
Unit-III
Quantum theory of hydrogen-like atoms: time independent Schrodinger equation in spherical

polar coordinates; separation of variables for the second order partial differential equation;
angular momentum operator and quantum numbers; Radial wave functions from Frobenius
method; Orbital angular momentum quantum numbers l and m; s, p, d,.. shells (idea only)
(9 Lectures)
Atoms in Electric and Magnetic Fields:- Electron Angular Momentum. Space Quantization.
Electron Spin and Spin Angular Momentum. Larmor’s Theorem. Spin Magnetic Moment. Stern-
Gerlach Experiment. Zeeman Effect: Electron Magnetic Moment and Magnetic Energy,
Gyromagnetic Ratio and Bohr Magneton. (7 Lectures)
Unit-IV
Atoms in External Magnetic Fields:- Zeeman Effect, Normal and Anomalous Zeeman Effect.
(4 Lectures)
Many electron atoms:- Pauli’s Exclusion Principle. Symmetric and Antisymmetric Wave
Functions. Periodic table. Fine structure. Spin orbit coupling. Spectral Notations for Atomic
States. Total Angular Momentum. Vector Model. Spin-orbit coupling in atoms-L-S and J-J
couplings.
(10 Lectures)
Reference Books:
• A Text book of Quantum Mechanics, P.M. Mathews & K. Venkatesan, 2 nd Ed., 2010,
McGraw Hill
• Quantum Mechanics, Robert Eisberg and Robert Resnick, 2ndEdn., 2002, Wiley.
• Quantum Mechanics, Leonard I. Schiff, 3rdEdn. 2010, Tata McGraw Hill.
• Quantum Mechanics, G. Aruldhas, 2ndEdn. 2002, PHI Learning of India.

• Quantum Mechanics, Bruce Cameron Reed, 2008, Jones and Bartlett Learning.
• Quantum Mechanics for Scientists & Engineers, D.A.B. Miller, 2008, Cambridge
University Press
Additional Books for Reference
• Quantum Mechanics, Eugen Merzbacher, 2004, John Wiley and Sons, Inc.
• Introduction to Quantum Mechanics, David J. Griffith, 2nd Ed. 2005, Pearson Education
• Quantum Mechanics, Walter Greiner, 4thEdn., 2001, Springer
43
QUANTUM MECHANICS LAB
Name of the Course PRACTICALS –DSE 1B LAB: QUANTUM
MECHANICS
(Credits: -02)
Code PHYS305PR
PRACTICAL-DSE 1B LAB: QUANTUM MECHANICS

60 Lectures
Use C/C++/Scilab/FORTRAN for solving the following problems based on Quantum
Mechanics like
1. Solve the s-wave Schrodinger equation for the ground state and the first excited state of
the hydrogen atom
Here, m is the reduced mass of the electron. Obtain the energy eigenvalues and plot the
corresponding wave functions. Remember that the ground state energy of the hydrogen atom is ≈
-13.6 eV. Take e = 3.795 (eVÅ)1/2,ħc = 1973 (eV Å) and m = 0.511x106eV/c2.
2. Solve the s-wave radial Schrodinger equation for an atom
Here m is the reduced mass of the system (which can be chosen to be the mass of an electron),
for the screened coulomb potential
Find the energy ( in eV) of the ground state of the atom to an accuracy of three
significant digits, Also, plot the corresponding wave function. Take e = 3.795
(eVÅ)1/2,m=0.511x106eV/c2, and a = 3 Å. In these Units hc =1973 (eVÅ). The ground
state energy is expected to be above -12 eV in all three cases.
3. Solve the s-wave radial Schrodinger equation for a particle of mass m:
for the ground state energy (in MeV) of the particle to an accuracy of three significant digits.
Also, plot the corresponding wave function. Choose m = 940 MeV/c 2, k = 100 MeV fm-2, b = 0,
44
10, 30 MeV fm-3 In theseħ=197units,30MeV fm-3. The ground state energy I expected to lie
between 90 and 110 MeV for all three cases.
4. Solve the s-wave radial Schrodinger equation for the vibrations of hydrogen molecule
Where is the reduced mass of the two atom system for the Morse potential
Find the lowest vibrational energy ( in MeV) of the molecule to an accuracy of three significant
edigits. Also plot the corresponding wave function.
Take: m = 940 x106e V/C2, D= 0.755501 eV, = 1.44, = 0.131349
Laboratory based experiments:
5. Study of Electron spin resonance- determine magnetic field as a function of the resonance
frequency
6. Study of Zeeman effect: with external magnetic field; Hyperfine splitting
7. To study the quantum tunnelling effect with solid state device, e.g. tunnelling current in
backward diode or tunnel diode.
Reference Books:
• Schaum's Outline of Programming with C++. J.Hubbard, 2000 , McGraw-Hill

Publications.
• Numerical Recipes in C: The Art of Scientific Computing, W.H. Press et al. 3 rd Edn, 2007,
Cambridge University Press
• Elementary Numerical Analysis, K.E. Atkinson, 3rd Edn, 2007, Wiley India Edition.
• A Guide to MATLAB, B.R. Hunt, R.L. Lipsman, J.M. Rosenberg, 2014, 3 rd Edn., Cambridge
University Press
Simulation of ODE/PDE Models with MATLAB®, OCTAVE and SCILAB: Scientific
and Engineering Applications: A. Vande Wouwer, P. Saucez, C. V. Fernández.2014
Springer ISBN: 978-3319067896
• Scilab by example: M. Affouf2012ISBN: 978-1479203444
Scilab (A Free Software to Matlab): H. Ramchandran, A.S. Nair. 2011 S. Chand and
Company, New Delhi ISBN: 978-8121939706
Scilab Image Processing: Lambert M. Surhone. 2010Betascript Publishing ISBN: 978-

6133459274A
• Quantum Mechanics, Leonard I. Schiff, 3rdEdn. 2010, Tata McGraw Hill.
45
• Quantum Mechanics, Bruce Cameron Reed, 008, Jones and Bartlett Learning.
3rd Year
PHYSICS OF DEVICES AND INSTRUMENTS

Name of the Course PHYSICS-DSE 1B: PHYSICS OF DEVICES
AND INSTRUMENTS
Theory: 60 Lectures
Code PHYS306TH
Assessment (CCA)
5+5 marks.

number 1). The duration of the examination will be 3 hour.
Unit-I
Devices: Characteristic and small signal equivalent circuits of UJT and JFET.
Metalsemiconductor Junction. Metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) device. Ideal MOS and Flat
Band voltage. SiO2-Si based MOS. MOSFET– their frequency limits. Enhancement and
Depletion Mode MOSFETS, CMOS. Charge coupled devices. Tunnel diode.
(14 Lectures)
Unit-II
Power supply and Filters: Block Diagram of a Power Supply, Qualitative idea of C and L
46
Filters. IC Regulators, Line and load regulation, Short circuit protection. Active and Passive
Filters, Low Pass, High Pass, Band Pass and band Reject Filters.
Multivibrators: Astable, Monostable and Bistable Multivibrators using transistors.
(9 Lectures)
Phase Locked Loop (PLL): Basic Principles, Phase detector (XOR & edge triggered), Voltage
Controlled Oscillator (Basics, varactor). Loop Filter– Function, Loop Filter Circuits, transient
response, lock and capture. Basic idea of PLL IC (565 or 4046).
(5 Lectures)
Unit-III
Processing of Devices: Basic process flow for IC fabrication, Electronic grade silicon. Crystal
plane and orientation. Defects in the lattice. Oxide layer. Oxidation Technique for Si.
Metallization technique. Positive and Negative Masks. Optical lithography. Electron lithography.
Feature size control and wet anisotropic etching. Lift off Technique. Diffusion and implantation
(12 Lectures)
Unit-IV
Introduction to communication systems: Block diagram of electronic communication system,

Need for modulation. Amplitude modulation. Modulation Index. Analysis of Amplitude
Modulated wave. Sideband frequencies in AM wave. CE Amplitude Modulator. Demodulation
of AM wave using Diode Detector. basic idea of Frequency, Phase, Pulse and Digital
Modulation including ASK, PSK, FSK. (15 lectures)
Digital Data Communication Standards: Serial Communications: RS232, Handshaking,
Implementation of RS232 on PC. Universal Serial Bus (USB): USB standards, Types and
elements of USB transfers. Devices (Basic idea of UART). Parallel Communications: General
Purpose Interface Bus (GPIB), GPIB signals and lines, Handshaking and interface management,
Implementation of a GPIB on a PC. Basic idea of sending data through a COM port.
(5 Lectures)
Reference Books:
● Physics of Semiconductor Devices, S.M. Sze & K.K. Ng, 3rd Ed.2008, John Wiley & Sons
● Electronic devices and integrated circuits, A.K. Singh, 2011, PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd.
● Op-Amps & Linear Integrated Circuits, R.A.Gayakwad,4 Ed. 2000,PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd
● Electronic Devices and Circuits, A. Mottershead, 1998, PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd.
● Electronic Communication systems, G. Kennedy, 1999, Tata McGraw Hill.
● Introduction to Measurements & Instrumentation, A.K. Ghosh, 3rd Ed., 2009, PHI Learning
Pvt. Ltd.
● Semiconductor Physics and Devices, D.A. Neamen, 2011, 4th Edition, McGraw Hill
● PC based instrumentation; Concepts & Practice, N.Mathivanan, 2007, Prentice-Hall of India
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PHYSICS OF DEVICES AND INSTRUMENTS LAB
Name of the Course PRACTICALS –DSE 1B LAB: PHYSICS OF
DEVICES AND INSTRUMENTS
(Credits: -02)
Code PHYS306PR
47
PRACTICALS –DSE 1B LAB: PHYSICS OF DEVICES AND INSTRUMENTS
60 Lectures
Experiments from both Section A and Section B:

Section-A:
1. To design a power supply using bridge rectifier and study effect of C-filter.
2. To design the active Low pass and High pass filters of given specification.
3. To design the active filter (wide band pass and band reject) of given specification.
4. To study the output and transfer characteristics of a JFET.
5. To design a common source JFET Amplifier and study its frequency response.
6. To study the output characteristics of a MOSFET.
7. To study the characteristics of a UJT and design a simple Relaxation Oscillator.
8. To design an Amplitude Modulator using Transistor.
9. To design PWM, PPM, PAM and Pulse code modulation using ICs.
10. To design an Astable multivibrator of given specifications using transistor.
11. To study a PLL IC (Lock and capture range).
12. To study envelope detector for demodulation of AM signal.
13. Study of ASK and FSK modulator.
14. Glow an LED via USB port of PC.
15. Sense the input voltage at a pin of USB port and subsequently glow the LED connected with
another pin of USB port.
Section-B:
SPICE/MULTISIM simulations for electrical networks and electronic circuits:
1. To verify the Thevenin and Norton Theorems.
2. Design and analyze the series and parallel LCR circuits.
3. Design the inverting and non-inverting amplifier using an Op-Amp of given gain.
4. Design and Verification of op-amp as integrator and differentiator.
5. Design the 1st order active low pass and high pass filters of given cutoff frequency.
6. Design a Wein`s Bridge oscillator of given frequency.
7. Design clocked SR and JK Flip-Flop`s using NAND Gates.
8. Design 4-bit asynchronous counter using Flip-Flop ICs.
9. Design the CE amplifier of a given gain and its frequency response.
10. Design an Astable multivibrator using IC555 of given duty cycle.
Reference Books:
● Basic Electronics:A text lab manual, P.B. Zbar, A.P. Malvino, M.A.Miller,1994, Mc-Graw
Hill.
● Integrated Electronics, J. Millman and C.C. Halkias, 1991, Tata Mc-Graw Hill.
● Electronics: Fundamentals and Applications, J.D. Ryder, 2004, Prentice Hall.
● OP-Amps and Linear Integrated Circuit, R. A. Gayakwad, 4th edn., 2000, Prentice Hall.
● Introduction to PSPICE using ORCAD for circuits & Electronics, M.H. Rashid, 2003, PHI
Learning.
● PC based instrumentation; Concepts & Practice, N.Mathivanan, 2007, Prentice-Hall of India
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SKILL ENHANCEMENT COURSE (Any four) (Credit: 04 each)- SEC1 to SEC4
2nd Year
Part A - PHYSICS WORKSHOP SKILL - SEC1

Name of the Course PHYSICS – SEC1: PHYSICS
48
WORKSHOP SKILL
Theory: 30 Lectures
Code PHYS203TH
Continuous Comprehensive Assessment 30 marks
(CCA)
marks, Attendance Theory = 05 marks. CCA Skill: Project File or Dissertation Record
+ Seminar = 5+5 marks.
Part B - PHYSICS WORKSHOP SKILL EXAM - SEC1

Name of the Course PHYSICS – SEC1: PHYSICS WORKSHOP SKILL
EXAM
(Credits: -01)
Maintain Project file or Dissertation to check Analytic Skill/Problem solving in skill
exam.
Code PHYS203SE
Yearly Based Skill Examination 20 marks (3 Hrs)
Distribution of Marks: Hands on Skill Test = 15 Marks, Viva Voce = 5 Marks.
PHYSICS – SEC1: PHYSICS WORKSHOP SKILL EXAM
❖ Skill based Project or Dissertation work on any topic of syllabus mentioned under
Physics Work Shop Skill (PHYS203TH) for Analytical skill/ Problem solving.
1. Examiner will set seven questions in all covering the entire syllabus each of 10 marks ,
2. The candidate will be required to attempt five questions in all . The duration of the
examination will be 3 hours.
The aim of this course is to enable the students to familiar and experience with various
mechanical and electrical tools through hands-on mode
Introduction: Measuring units. conversion to SI and CGS. Familiarization with meter scale,
Vernier calliper, Screw gauge and their utility. Measure the dimension of a solid block, volume
of cylindrical beaker/glass, diameter of a thin wire, thickness of metal sheet, etc. Use of Sextant
to measure height of buildings, mountains, etc. (4 Lectures)
Mechanical Skill: Concept of workshop practice. Overview of manufacturing methods: casting,
foundry, machining, forming and welding. Types of welding joints and welding defects.
Common materials used for manufacturing like steel, copper, iron, metal sheets, composites and
alloy, wood. Concept of machine processing, introduction to common machine tools like lathe,
shaper, drilling, milling and surface machines. Cutting tools, lubricating oils. Cutting of a metal
sheet using blade. Smoothening of cutting edge of sheet using file. Drilling of holes of different
49
diameter in metal sheet and wooden block. Use of bench vice and tools for fitting. Make funnel
using metal sheet. (10 Lectures)
Electrical and Electronic Skill: Use of Multimeter. Soldering of electrical circuits having
discrete components (R, L, C, diode) and ICs on PCB. Operation of oscilloscope. Making
regulated power supply. Timer circuit, Electronic switch using transistor and relay.
(10 Lectures)
Introduction to prime movers: Mechanism, gear system, wheel, Fixing of gears with motor
axel. Lever mechanism, Lifting of heavy weight using lever. braking systems, pulleys, working
principle of power generation systems. Demonstration of pulley experiment. (6 Lectures)
Reference Books:
• A text book in Electrical Technology - B L Theraja – S. Chand and Company.
• Performance and design of AC machines – M.G. Say, ELBS Edn.

• Mechanical workshop practice, K.C. John, 2010, PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd.
• Workshop Processes, Practices and Materials, Bruce J Black 2005, 3 rd Edn., Editor
Newnes [ISBN: 0750660732]
• New Engineering Technology, Lawrence Smyth/Liam Hennessy, The
Educational Company of Ireland [ISBN: 0861674480]

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2nd Year
Part A - COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS - SEC1

Name of the Course PHYSICS –SEC1: COMPUTATIONAL
PHYSICS
Theory: 30 Lectures
Code PHYS204TH
Assessment (CCA)
50
Part B - COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS SKILL EXAM - SEC1

Name of the Course PHYSICS-SEC1: COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS SKILL
EXAM
(Credits: -01)
Maintain Project file or Dissertation to check Analytic skill/Problem solving in skill
exam.
Code PHYS204SE
PHYSICS-SEC1: COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS SKILL EXAM

Computational Physics (PHYS204TH) for Analytical skill/ Problem solving.
The aim of this course is not just to teach computer programming and numerical analysis
but to emphasize its role in solving problems in Physics.
• Highlights the use of computational methods to solve physical problems
• Use of computer language as a tool in solving physics problems (applications)
• Course will consist of hands on training on the Problem solving on Computers.
Introduction: Importance of computers in Physics, paradigm for solving physics problems for
solution. Usage of linux as an Editor. Algorithms and Flowcharts: Algorithm: Definition,
properties and development. Flowchart: Concept of flowchart, symbols, guidelines, types.
Examples: Cartesian to Spherical Polar Coordinates, Roots of Quadratic Equation, Sum of two
matrices, Sum and Product of a finite series, calculation of sin (x) as a series, algorithm for
plotting (1) lissajous figures and (2) trajectory of a projectile thrown at an angle with the
horizontal. (4 Lectures)
Scientific Programming: Some fundamental Linux Commands (Internal and External

commands). Development of FORTRAN, Basic elements of FORTRAN: Character Set,
Constants and their types, Variables and their types, Keywords, Variable Declaration and
concept of instruction and program. Operators: Arithmetic, Relational, Logical and Assignment
Operators. Expressions: Arithmetic, Relational, Logical, Character and Assignment Expressions.
Fortran Statements: I/O Statements (unformatted/formatted), Executable and Non-Executable
Statements, Layout of Fortran Program, Format of writing Program and concept of coding,
Initialization and Replacement Logic. Examples from physics problems.
(4 Lectures)
51
Control Statements: Types of Logic (Sequential, Selection, Repetition), Branching Statements
(Logical IF, Arithmetic IF, Block IF, Nested Block IF, SELECT CASE and ELSE IF Ladder
statements), Looping Statements (DO-CONTINUE, DO-ENDDO, DO-WHILE, Implied and
Nested DO Loops), Jumping Statements (Unconditional GOTO, Computed GOTO, Assigned
GOTO) Subscripted Variables (Arrays: Types of Arrays, DIMENSION Statement, Reading and
Writing Arrays), Functions and Subroutines (Arithmetic Statement Function, Function
Subprogram and Subroutine), RETURN, CALL, COMMON and EQUIVALENCE Statements),
Structure, Disk I/O Statements, open a file, writing in a file, reading from a file. Examples from
physics problems.
Programming:
1. Exercises on syntax on usage of Object oriented C++/FORTRAN
2. Usage of GUI Windows, Linux Commands, familiarity with DOS commands and working in
an editor to write sources codes in FORTRAN.
3. To print out all natural even/ odd numbers between given limits.
4. To find maximum, minimum and range of a given set of numbers.
5. Calculating Euler number using exp(x) series evaluated at x=1 (4 Lectures)
Scientific word processing: Introduction to LaTeX: TeX/LaTeX word processor, preparing a

basic LaTeX file, Document classes, preparing an input file for LaTeX, Compiling LaTeX File,
LaTeX tags for creating different environments, Defining LaTeX commands and environments,
Changing the type style, Symbols from other languages. Equation representation: Formulae
and equations, Figures and other floating bodies, Lining in columns- Tabbing and tabular
environment, Generating table of contents, bibliography and citation, Making an index and
glossary, List making environments, Fonts, Picture environment and colors, errors.
(4 Lectures)
Introduction to electronic spreadsheet: Brief history and applications, Features of MS Excel,

Organization of spreadsheet, Building a spreadsheet, Entering data: Text data, numeric data,
formulae, entering different functions (Mathematical, Statistical, Trigonometric, Logical, Text
and Financial); Types of operators (Arithmetic, Comparison, Text Concatenation and
Reference), Syntax and nesting of functions, Cell Addressing/Referencing (Absolute, Relative
and Mixed ). Charting using spreadsheets
(4 Lectures)
Visualization: Introduction to graphical analysis and its limitations. Introduction to Gnuplot.

importance of visualization of computational and computational data, basic Gnuplot commands:
simple plots, plotting data from a file, saving and exporting, multiple data sets per file, physics
with Gnuplot (equations, building functions, user defined variables and functions), Understanding
data with Gnuplot. (4 Lectures)
Hands on exercises:
1. To compile a frequency distribution and evaluate mean, standard deviation etc.
2. To evaluate sum of finite series and the area under a curve.
3. To find the product of two matrices
4. To find a set of prime numbers and Fibonacci series.
5. To write program to open a file and generate data for plotting using Gnuplot.
6. Plotting trajectory of a projectile projected horizontally.
7. Plotting trajectory of a projectile projected making an angle with the horizontally.
8. Creating an input Gnuplot file for plotting a data and saving the output for seeing on
the screen. Saving it as an eps file and as a pdf file.
52
9. To find the roots of a quadratic equation.
10. Motion of a projectile using simulation and plot the output for visualization.
11. Numerical solution of equation of motion of simple harmonic oscillator and plot the
outputs for visualization.
12. Motion of particle in a central force field and plot the output for visualization.
(6 Lectures)
Reference Books:
• Introduction to Numerical Analysis, S.S. Sastry, 5th Edn., 2012, PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd.
• Computer Programming in Fortran 77”. V. Rajaraman (Publisher:PHI).

• LaTeX–A Document Preparation System”, Leslie Lamport (Second Edition,
Addison-Wesley, 1994).
• Gnuplot in action: understanding data with graphs, Philip K Janert, (Manning 2010)
• Schaum’s Outline of Theory and Problems of Programming with Fortran, S Lipsdutz

and A Poe, 1986Mc-Graw Hill Book Co.
• Computational Physics: An Introduction, R. C. Verma, et al. New Age International

Publishers, New Delhi(1999)
• A first course in Numerical Methods, U.M. Ascher and C. Greif, 2012, PHI Learning
• Elementary Numerical Analysis, K.E. Atkinson, 3 r d E d n . , 2 0 0 7 , Wiley India

Edition.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2nd Year
Part A - ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS AND NETWORK SKILLS – SEC1/SEC2
Name of the Course PHYSICS-SEC1/ SEC2: ELECTRICAL
CIRCUITS AND NETWORK SKILLS
Theory: 30 Lectures
Code PHYS205TH
53
Assessment (CCA)
Part B - ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS AND NETWORK SKILLS EXAM –

SEC1/SEC2
Name of the Course PHYSICS-SEC1/SEC2: ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS AND
NETWORK SKILLS EXAM
(Credits: -01)
exam.
Code PHYS205SE
PHYSICS-SEC1/SEC2: ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS AND NETWORK SKILLS

EXAM
Electrical Circuits and Network Skills (PHYS205TH) for Analytical skill/ Problem
solving.

The aim of this course is to enable the students to design and trouble shoots the
electrical circuits, networks and appliances through hands-on mode
Basic Electricity Principles: Voltage, Current, Resistance, and Power. Ohm's law. Series,
parallel, and series-parallel combinations. AC Electricity and DC Electricity. Familiarization
with multimeter, voltmeter and ammeter.
(3 Lectures)
Understanding Electrical Circuits: Main electric circuit elements and their combination. Rules
to analyze DC sourced electrical circuits. Current and voltage drop across the DC circuit
elements. Single-phase and three-phase alternating current sources. Rules to analyze AC sourced
electrical circuits. Real, imaginary and complex power components of AC source. Power factor.
Saving energy and money. (4 Lectures)
Electrical Drawing and Symbols: Drawing symbols. Blueprints. Reading Schematics. Ladder
54
diagrams. Electrical Schematics. Power circuits. Control circuits. Reading of circuit schematics.
Tracking the connections of elements and identify current flow and voltage drop.
(4 Lectures)
Generators and Transformers: DC Power sources. AC/DC generators. Inductance,
capacitance, and impedance. Operation of transformers.
(3 Lectures)
Electric Motors: Single-phase, three-phase & DC motors. Basic design. Interfacing DC or AC

sources to control heaters & motors. Speed & power of ac motor.
(4 Lectures)
Solid-State Devices: Resistors, inductors and capacitors. Diode and rectifiers. Components in
Series or in shunt. Response of inductors and capacitors with DC or AC sources
(3 Lectures)
Electrical Protection: Relays. Fuses and disconnect switches. Circuit breakers. Overload
devices. Ground-fault protection. Grounding and isolating. Phase reversal. Surge protection.
Interfacing DC or AC sources to control elements (relay protection device)
(4 Lectures)
Electrical Wiring: Different types of conductors and cables. Basics of wiring-Star and delta
connection. Voltage drop and losses across cables and conductors. Instruments to measure
current, voltage, power in DC and AC circuits. Insulation. Solid and stranded cable. Conduit.
Cable trays. Splices: wirenuts, crimps, terminal blocks, split bolts, and solder. Preparation of
extension board.
(5 Lectures)
Reference Books:
• A text book in Electrical Technology - B L Theraja - S Chand & Co.

• A text book of Electrical Technology - A K Theraja
• Performance and design of AC machines - M G Say ELBS Edn.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2nd Year
Part A - BASIC INSTRUMENTATION SKILLS - SEC2
Name of the Course PHYSICS-SEC2: BASIC INSTRUMENTATION
SKILLS
55
Theory: 30 Lectures
Code PHYS206TH
Assessment (CCA)
Part B - BASIC INSTRUMENTATION SKILLS EXAM - SEC2

Name of the Course PHYSICS-SEC2: BASIC INSTRUMENTATION SKILLS
EXAM
(Credits: -01)
exam.
Code PHYS206SE
PHYSICS-SEC2: BASIC INSTRUMENTATION SKILLS EXAM
❖ Skill based Project or Dissertation work on any topic of syllabus mentioned above
under Basic Instrumentation Skills (PHYS206TH) for Analytical skill/ Problem
solving.
This course is to get exposure with various aspects of instruments and their usage through
hands-on mode. Experiments listed below are to be done in continuation of the topics.
Basic of Measurement: Instruments accuracy, precision, sensitivity, resolution range etc.

Errors in measurements and loading effects. Multimeter: Principles of measurement of dc
voltage and dc current, ac voltage, ac current and resistance. Specifications of a multimeter and
their significance. (4 Lectures)
Electronic Voltmeter: Advantage over conventional multimeter for voltage measurement with
respect to input impedance and sensitivity. Principles of voltage, measurement (block diagram
only). Specifications of an electronic Voltmeter/ Multimeter and their significance. AC
millivoltmeter: Type of AC millivoltmeters: Amplifier- rectifier, and rectifier- amplifier.
Block diagram ac millivoltmeter, specifications and their significance. (4 Lectures)
56
Cathode Ray Oscilloscope: Block diagram of basic CRO. Construction of CRT, Electron gun,
electrostatic focusing and acceleration (Explanation only– no mathematical treatment), brief
discussion on screen phosphor, visual persistence & chemical composition. Time base
operation, synchronization. Front panel controls. Specifications of a CRO and their
significance. (6 Lectures)
Use of CRO for the measurement of voltage (dc and ac frequency, time period. Special features
of dual trace, introduction to digital oscilloscope, probes. Digital storage Oscilloscope: Block
diagram and principle of working. (3 Lectures)
Signal Generators and Analysis Instruments: Block diagram, explanation and specifications
of low frequency signal generators. pulse generator, and function generator. Brief idea for
testing, specifications. Distortion factor meter, wave analysis. (4 Lectures)
Impedance Bridges & Q-Meters: Block diagram of bridge. working principles of basic
(balancing type) RLC bridge. Specifications of RLC bridge. Block diagram & working
principles of a Q- Meter. Digital LCR bridges. (3 Lectures)
Digital Instruments: Principle and working of digital meters. Comparison of analog & digital
instruments. Characteristics of a digital meter. Working principles of digital voltmeter.
(3 Lectures)
Digital Multimeter: Block diagram and working of a digital multimeter. Working principle of
time interval, frequency and period measurement using universal counter/ frequency counter,
time- base stability, accuracy and resolution. (3 Lectures)
The test of lab skills will be of the following test items:
1. Use of an oscilloscope.
2. CRO as a versatile measuring device.
3. Circuit tracing of Laboratory electronic equipment,
4. Use of Digital multimeter/VTVM for measuring voltages
5. Circuit tracing of Laboratory electronic equipment,
6. Winding a coil / transformer.
7. Study the layout of receiver circuit.
8. Trouble shooting a circuit
9. Balancing of bridges
Laboratory Exercises:
1. To observe the loading effect of a multimeter while measuring voltage across a low
resistance and high resistance.
2. To observe the limitations of a multimeter for measuring high frequency voltage and
currents.
3. To measure Q of a coil and its dependence on frequency, using a Q- meter.
4. Measurement of voltage, frequency, time period and phase angle using CRO.
5. Measurement of time period, frequency, average period using universal counter/ frequency
counter.
6. Measurement of rise, fall and delay times using a CRO.
7. Measurement of distortion of a RF signal generator using distortion factor meter.
8. Measurement of R, L and C using a LCR bridge/ universal bridge.
Open Ended Experiments:

1. Using a Dual Trace Oscilloscope
2. Converting the range of a given measuring instrument (voltmeter, ammeter)
57
Reference Books:
• A text book in Electrical Technology - B L Theraja - S Chand and Co.

• Performance and design of AC machines - M G Say ELBS Edn.
• Digital Circuits and systems, Venugopal, 2011, Tata McGraw Hill.
• Logic circuit design, Shimon P. Vingron, 2012, Springer.
• Digital Electronics, Subrata Ghoshal, 2012, Cengage Learning.
• Electronic Devices and circuits, S. Salivahanan & N. S.Kumar, 3 rd Ed., 2012, Tata Mc-Graw
Hill
• Electronic circuits: Handbook of design and applications, U.Tietze, Ch.Schenk, 2008,

Springer
• Electronic Devices, 7/e Thomas L. Floyd, 2008, Pearson India
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3rd Year
Part A - RADIATION SAFETY – SEC3
Name of the Course PHYSICS-SEC3: RADIATION SAFETY
Theory: 30 Lectures
Code PHYS307TH
Assessment (CCA)
Part B - RADIATION SAFETY SKILL EXAM – SEC3

Name of the Course PHYSICS-SEC3: RADIATION SAFETY SKILL EXAM
(Credits: -01)
exam.
Code PHYS307SE
PHYSICS-SEC3: RADIATION SAFETY SKILL EXAM
58
Radiation Safety (PHYS307TH) for Analytical skill/ Problem solving.
2. The candidate will be required to attempt five questions in all. The duration of the
The aim of this course is for awareness and understanding regarding radiation hazards and
safety. The list of laboratory skills and experiments listed below the course are to be done in
continuation of the topics
Basics of Atomic and Nuclear Physics: Basic concept of atomic structure; X rays
characteristic and production; concept of bremsstrahlung and auger electron, The composition
of nucleus and its properties, mass number, isotopes of element, spin, binding energy, stable
and unstable isotopes, law of radioactive decay, Mean life and half life, basic concept of
alpha, beta and gamma decay, concept of cross section and kinematics of nuclear reactions,
types of nuclear reaction, Fusion, fission. (6 Lectures)
Interaction of Radiation with matter: Types of Radiation: Alpha, Beta, Gamma and
Neutron and their sources, sealed and unsealed sources, Interaction of Photons - Photo-
electric effect, Compton Scattering, Pair Production, Linear and Mass Attenuation Coefficients,
Interaction of Charged Particles: Heavy charged particles - Beth-Bloch Formula, Scaling
laws, Mass Stopping Power, Range, Straggling, Channeling and Cherenkov radiation. Beta
Particles- Collision and Radiation loss (Bremsstrahlung), Interaction of Neutrons- Collision,
slowing down and Moderation. (7 Lectures)
Radiation detection and monitoring devices: Radiation Quantities and Units: Basic idea of
different units of activity, KERMA, exposure, absorbed dose, equivalent dose, effective dose,
collective equivalent dose, Annual Limit of Intake (ALI) and derived Air Concentration (DAC).
Radiation detection: Basic concept and working principle of gas detectors (Ionization
Chambers, Proportional Counter, Multi-Wire Proportional Counters (MWPC) and Gieger
Muller Counter), Scintillation Detectors (Inorganic and Organic Scintillators), Solid States
Detectors and Neutron Detectors, Thermo luminescent Dosimetry.
(7 Lectures)
Radiation safety management: Biological effects of ionizing radiation, Operational limits and
basics of radiation hazards evaluation and control: radiation protection standards, International
Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) principles, justification, optimization,
limitation, introduction of safety and risk management of radiation. Nuclear waste and disposal
management. Brief idea about Accelerator driven Sub-critical system (ADS) for waste
management. (5 Lectures)
Application of nuclear techniques: Application in medical science (e.g., MRI, PET,
Projection Imaging Gamma Camera, radiation therapy), Archaeology, Art, Crime detection,
Mining and oil. Industrial Uses: Tracing, Gauging, Material Modification, Sterization, Food
59
preservation. (5 Lectures)
Experiments:
1. Study the background radiation levels using Radiation meter
Characteristics of Geiger Muller (GM) Counter:
2. Study of characteristics of GM tube and determination of operating voltage and plateau length
using background radiation as source (without commercial source).
3. Study of counting statistics using background radiation using GM counter.

4. Study of radiation in various materials (e.g. KSO4 etc.). Investigation of possible radiation in
different routine materials by operating GM at operating voltage.
5. Study of absorption of beta particles in Aluminum using GM counter.
6. Detection of α-particles using reference source & determining its half life using spark counter
7. Gamma spectrum of Gas Light mantle (Source of Thorium)
Reference Books:
1. W.E. Burcham and M. Jobes – Nuclear and Particle Physics – Longman (1995)
2. G.F.Knoll, Radiation detection and measurements
3. Thermoluninescense Dosimetry, Mcknlay, A.F., Bristol, Adam Hilger (Medical Physics

Handbook 5)
4. W.J. Meredith and J.B. Massey, “Fundamental Physics of Radiology”. John Wright
and Sons, UK, 1989.
5. J.R. Greening, “Fundamentals of Radiation Dosimetry”, Medical Physics Hand Book
Series, No.6, Adam Hilger Ltd., Bristol 1981.
6. Practical Applications of Radioactivity and Nuclear Radiations, G.C. Lowental and P.L.
Airey, Cambridge University Press, U.K., 2001
7. A. Martin and S.A. Harbisor, An Introduction to Radiation Protection, John Willey &
Sons, Inc. New York, 1981.
8. NCRP, ICRP, ICRU, IAEA, AERB Publications.

9. W.R. Hendee, “Medical Radiation Physics”, Year Book – Medical Publishers Inc.
London, 1981
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3rd Year
Part A - APPLIED OPTICS - SEC3
Name of the Course PHYSICS-SEC3: APPLIED OPTICS
60
Theory: 30 Lectures
Code PHYS308TH
Assessment (CCA)
Part B - APPLIED OPTICS SKILL EXAM – SEC3

Name of the Course PHYSICS-SEC3: APPLIED OPTICS SKILL EXAM
(Credits: -01)
exam.
Code PHYS308SE
PHYSICS-SEC3: APPLIED OPTICS SKILL EXAM
❖ Skill based Project or Dissertation work on any topic of syllabus mentioned above
under Applied Optics (PHYS308TH) for Analytical skill/ Problem solving.
Theory includes only qualitative explanation. Minimum five experiments should be

performed covering minimum three sections.
(i) Sources and Detectors (9 Lectures)
Lasers, Spontaneous and stimulated emissions, Theory of laser action, Einstein’s

coefficients, Light amplification, Characterization of laser beam, He-Ne laser, Semiconductor
lasers.
Experiments on Lasers:
a. Determination of the grating radial spacing of the Compact Disc (CD) by reflection using
He-Ne or solid state laser.
b. To find the width of the wire or width of the slit using diffraction pattern obtained by a He-
Ne or solid state laser.
c. To find the polarization angle of laser light using polarizer and analyzer
61
d. Thermal expansion of quartz using laser
Experiments on Semiconductor Sources and Detectors:
a. V-I characteristics of LED

b. Study the characteristics of solid state laser
c. Study the characteristics of LDR
d. Photovoltaic Cell
e. Characteristics of IR sensor
(ii) Fourier Optics: (6 Lectures)
Concept of Spatial frequency filtering, Fourier transforming property of a thin lens

Experiments on Fourier Optics:
a. Fourier optic and image processing
1. Optical image addition/subtraction
2. Optical image differentiation
3. Fourier optical filtering
4. Construction of an optical 4f system
b. Fourier Transform Spectroscopy
Fourier Transform Spectroscopy (FTS) is a powerful method for measuring emission and
absorption spectra, with wide application in atmospheric remote sensing, NMR spectrometry and
forensic science.
Experiment:
To study the interference pattern from a Michelson interferometer as a function of mirror

separation in the interferometer. The resulting interferogram is the Fourier transform of the
power spectrum of the source. Analysis of experimental interferograms allows one to determine
the transmission characteristics of several interference filters. Computer simulation can also be
done.
(iii) Holography: (6 Lectures)
Basic principle and theory: coherence, resolution, Types of holograms, white light
reflection hologram, application of holography in microscopy, interferometry, and
character recognition.
Experiments on Holography and interferometry:
1. Recording and reconstructing holograms

2. Constructing a Michelson interferometer or a Fabry Perot interferometer
3. Measuring the refractive index of air
4. Constructing a Sagnac interferometer
5. Constructing a Mach-Zehnder interferometer
6. White light Hologram
(iv) Photonics: Fibre Optics (9 Lectures)
Optical fibres and their properties, Principal of light propagation through a fibre, The
numerical aperture, Attenuation in optical fibre and attenuation limit, Single mode and
multimode fibres, Fibre optic sensors: Fibre Bragg Grating
62
Experiments on Photonics: Fibre Optics
a. To measure the numerical aperture of an optical fibre

b. To study the variation of the bending loss in a multimode fibre
c. To determine the mode field diameter (MFD) of fundamental mode in a single-mode fibre
by measurements of its far field Gaussian pattern
d. To measure the near field intensity profile of a fibre and study its refractive index profile
e. To determine the power loss at a splice between two multimode fibre
Reference Books:
• Fundamental of optics, F. A. Jenkins & H. E. White, 1981, Tata McGraw hill.

• LASERS: Fundamentals & applications, K.Thyagrajan & A.K.Ghatak, 2010, Tata McGraw
Hill
• Fibre optics through experiments,M.R.Shenoy, S.K.Khijwania, et.al. 2009, Viva Books
• Nonlinear Optics, Robert W. Boyd, (Chapter-I), 2008, Elsevier.

• Optics, Karl Dieter Moller, Learning by computing with model examples, 2007,
Springer.
• Optical Systems and Processes, Joseph Shamir, 2009, PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd.
• Optoelectronic Devices and Systems, S.C. Gupta, 2005, PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd.
• Optical Physics, A.Lipson, S.G.Lipson, H.Lipson, 4 th Edn., 1996, Cambridge Univ.
Press
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3rd Year
Part A - WEATHER FORECASTING - SEC4
Name of the Course PHYSICS-SEC4: WEATHER FORECASTING
Theory: 30 Lectures
Code PHYS309TH
Assessment (CCA)
Part B - WEATHER FORECASTING SKILL EXAM – SEC4

Name of the Course PHYSICS-SEC4: WEATHER FORECASTING SKILL
EXAM
(Credits: -01)
63
exam.
Code PHYS309SE
PHYSICS-SEC4: WEATHER FORECASTING SKILL EXAM
Weather Forecasting (PHYS309TH) for Analytical skill/ Problem solving.
The aim of this course is not just to impart theoretical knowledge to the students but to enable
them to develop an awareness and understanding regarding the causes and effects of different
weather phenomenon and basic forecasting techniques
Introduction to atmosphere: Elementary idea of atmosphere: physical structure and

composition; compositional layering of the atmosphere; variation of pressure and temperature
with height; air temperature; requirements to measure air temperature; temperature sensors:
types; atmospheric pressure: its measurement; cyclones and anticyclones: its characteristics.
(9 Lectures)
Measuring the weather: Wind; forces acting to produce wind; wind speed direction: units, its
direction; measuring wind speed and direction; humidity, clouds and rainfall, radiation:
absorption, emission and scattering in atmosphere; radiation laws.
(4 Lectures)
Weather systems: Global wind systems; air masses and fronts: classifications; jet streams;
local thunderstorms; tropical cyclones: classification; tornadoes; hurricanes.
(3 Lectures)
Climate and Climate Change: Climate: its classification; causes of climate change; global
warming and its outcomes; air pollution; aerosols, ozone depletion, acid rain, environmental
issues related to climate. (6 Lectures)
Basics of weather forecasting: Weather forecasting: analysis and its historical background;
need of measuring weather; types of weather forecasting; weather forecasting methods; criteria
of choosing weather station; basics of choosing site and exposure; satellites observations in
weather forecasting; weather maps; uncertainty and predictability; probability forecasts.
(8 Lectures)
Demonstrations and Experiments:
1. Study of synoptic charts & weather reports, working principle of weather station.
2. Processing and analysis of weather data:

64
(a) To calculate the sunniest time of the year.
(b) To study the variation of rainfall amount and intensity by wind direction.
(c) To observe the sunniest/driest day of the week.
(d) To examine the maximum and minimum temperature throughout the year.
(e) To evaluate the relative humidity of the day.
(f) To examine the rainfall amount month wise.
3. Exercises in chart reading: Plotting of constant pressure charts, surfaces charts, upper wind
charts and its analysis.
4. Formats and elements in different types of weather forecasts/ warning (both aviation and non
aviation)
Reference books:
1. Aviation Meteorology, I.C. Joshi, 3rd edition 2014, Himalayan Books

2. The weather Observers Hand book, Stephen Burt, 2012, Cambridge University
Press.
3. Meteorology, S.R. Ghadekar, 2001, Agromet Publishers, Nagpur.

4. Text Book of Agrometeorology, S.R. Ghadekar, 2005, Agromet Publishers,
Nagpur.
5. Why the weather, Charls Franklin Brooks, 1924, Chpraman & Hall, London.
6. Atmosphere and Ocean, John G. Harvey, 1995, The Artemis Press.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3rd Year
Part A - RENEWABLE ENERGY AND ENERGY HARVESTING - SEC4
Name of the Course PHYSICS-SEC4: RENEWABLE ENERGY
AND ENERGY HARVESTING
Theory: 30 Lectures
Code PHYS310TH
Assessment (CCA)
65
Part B - RENEWABLE ENERGY AND ENERGY HARVESTING SKILL EXAM

– SEC4
Name of the Course PHYSICS-SEC4: RENEWABLE ENERGY AND ENERGY
HARVESTING SKILL EXAM
(Credits: -01)
exam.
Code PHYS310SE
PHYSICS-SEC4: RENEWABLE ENERGY AND ENERGY HARVESTING

SKILL EXAM
Renewable Energy and Energy Harvesting (PHYS310TH) for Analytical skill/
Problem solving.
The aim of this course is not just to impart theoretical knowledge to the students but to provide
them with exposure and hands-on learning wherever possible
Fossil fuels and Alternate Sources of energy: Fossil fuels and Nuclear Energy, their limitation,
need of renewable energy, non-conventional energy sources. An overview of developments in
Offshore Wind Energy, Tidal Energy, Wave energy systems, Ocean Thermal Energy
Conversion, solar energy, biomass, biochemical conversion, biogas generation, geothermal
energy tidal energy, Hydroelectricity.
(3 Lectures)
Solar energy: Solar energy, its importance, storage of solar energy, solar pond, non convective
solar pond, applications of solar pond and solar energy, solar water heater, flat plate collector,
solar distillation, solar cooker, solar green houses, solar cell, absorption air conditioning. Need
and characteristics of photovoltaic (PV) systems, PV models and equivalent circuits, and sun
tracking systems.
(6 Lectures)
66
Wind Energy harvesting: Fundamentals of Wind energy, Wind Turbines and different
electrical machines in wind turbines, Power electronic interfaces, and grid interconnection
topologies.
(3 Lectures)
Ocean Energy: Ocean Energy Potential against Wind and Solar, Wave Characteristics and
Statistics, Wave Energy Devices. Tide characteristics and Statistics, Tide Energy Technologies,
Ocean Thermal Energy, Osmotic Power, Ocean Bio-mass.
Geothermal Energy: Geothermal Resources, Geothermal Technologies.
(7 Lectures)
Hydro Energy: Hydropower resources, hydropower technologies, environmental impact of
hydro power sources.
(2 Lectures)
Piezoelectric Energy harvesting: Introduction, Physics and characteristics of piezoelectric
effect, materials and mathematical description of piezoelectricity, Piezoelectric parameters and
modeling piezoelectric generators, Piezoelectric energy harvesting applications, Human power
(4 Lectures)
Electromagnetic Energy Harvesting: Linear generators, physics mathematical models, recent
applications, Carbon captured technologies, cell, batteries, power consumption, Environmental
issues and Renewable sources of energy, sustainability.
(5 Lectures)
Demonstrations and Experiments
1. Demonstration of Training modules on Solar energy, wind energy, etc.
2. Conversion of vibration to voltage using piezoelectric materials
3. Conversion of thermal energy into voltage using thermoelectric modules.
Reference Books:
• Non-conventional energy sources - G.D Rai - Khanna Publishers, New Delhi
• Solar energy - M P Agarwal - S Chand and Co. Ltd.

• Solar energy - Suhas P Sukhative Tata McGraw - Hill Publishing Company Ltd.
• Godfrey Boyle, “Renewable Energy, Power for a sustainable future”, 2004, Oxford
University Press, in association with The Open University.
• Dr. P Jayakumar, Solar Energy: Resource Assesment Handbook, 2009

• J.Balfour, M.Shaw and S. Jarosek, Photovoltaics, Lawrence J Goodrich (USA).
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renewable_energy
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Bachelor of Science Physical Science

Outline of Choice Based Credit System:

1. Core Course: A course, which should compulsorily be studied by a candidate as a

2.2 Dissertation/Project: An elective course designed to acquire special/advanced

3. Ability Enhancement Courses (AEC)/Competency Improvement Courses/Skill

Project work/Dissertation is considered as a special course involving application of

I. Core Course 12×4= 48 12×5=60

04 Courses from each of the

Core Course Practical / Tutorial* 12×2=24 12×1=12

(12 Practical/ Tutorials*)

04 Courses from each of the

II. Discipline Specific 6×4=24 6×5=30

Two papers from each discipline of choice

Discipline Specific Course Practical / 6 × 2=12 6×1=6

Two Papers from each discipline of choice

• Optional Dissertation or project work in place of one Discipline elective

1. Ability Enhancement Compulsory 2 × 4=8 2×4=8

(2 Papers of 4 credits each)

2. Skill Enhancement Course 4 × 4=16 4 × 4=16

(4 Papers of 4 credits each)

College should evolve a system/policy about ECA/ Genera

*wherever there is practical there will be no tutorials and vice –versa.

Year Core Course Ability Enhancement Skill Elective Course Total

DSC-1A = 6 Credit Eng/MIL Communi/EVS

DSC-1C = 6 Credit SEC-1 = 4 Credit

SEC-3 = 4 Credit DSE-1A = 6 Credit

Credits (hours) Split:

Theory = 04 (4 hours) Theory = 05 (5 hours)

Total Credits of Ability Enhancement Courses (AEC) = 08 + 16 24

3 Elective Courses (6)

HIMACHAL PRADESH UNIVERSITY

CORE COURSE-I PHYS101TH MECHANICS Theory 4

CORE COURSE-II CHEM101TH ATOMIC STRUCTURE, BONDING, 6

CORE COURSE-III MATH101TH DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS 6

CORE COURSE-IV PHYS102TH ELECTRICITY, MAGNETISIM AND 4

CORE COURSE-V CHEM102TH STATES OF MATTER, CHEMICAL 6

CORE COURSE-VI MATH102TH DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS 6

A.E.C.COURSE-II ENGLISH/MIL COMMUNICATION 4

CORE COURSE-VII PHYS201TH STATISTICAL AND THERMAL 4

CORE COURSE-VIII CHEM201TH SOLUTIONS, PHASE EQUILIBRIUM, 6

CORE COURSE-IX MATH201TH REAL ANALYSIS 6

CORE COURSE-XI CHEM202TH CHEMISTRY OF MAIN GROUP

CORE COURSE-XII MATH202TH ALGEBRA 6

PHYS203TH PHYSICS WORKSHOP SKILLS Theory

PHYS205TH ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS AND

CHEM203TH BASIC ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY

CHEM301TH POLYNUCLEAR HYDROCARBONS,

CHEM303TH QUANTUM CHEMISTRY,

CHEM304TH CHEMISTRY OF TRANSITION AND

DSE:3B (CHOOSE MATH306TH LINEAR PROGRAMMING

MATH307TH LOGIC AND SETS

SEC3 MATH308TH ANALYTIC GEOMETRY

MATH310TH VECTOR CALCULUS 4

MATH311TH BOOLEAN ALGEBRA

MATH312TH NUMBER THEORY

MATH313TH PROBABILITY AND STATISTICS