ASME BPVC.

V-2023

SECTION V

2023
ASME Boiler and
Pressure Vessel Code
An International Code
N on de st ruct iv e
Exa min a t ion
Markings such as “ASME,” “ASME Standard,” or any other marking including “ASME,” ASME logos,
or the ASME Single Cer�fica�on Mark shall not be used on any item that is not constructed in
accordance with all of the applicable requirements of the Code or Standard. Use of the ASME
Single Cer�fica�on Mark requires formal ASME cer�fica�on; if no cer�fica�on program is
available, such ASME markings may not be used. (For Cer�fica�on and Accredita�on Programs,
see h�ps://www.asme.org/cer�fica�on-accredita�on.)

Items produced by par�es not formally possessing an ASME Cer�ficate may not be described,
either explicitly or implicitly, as ASME cer�fied or approved in any code forms or other document.
 AN INTERNATIONAL CODE

2023 ASME Boiler &

Pressure Vessel Code
2023 Edition July 1, 2023

V
NONDESTRUCTIVE
EXAMINATION
ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Committee
on Nondestructive Examination

Two Park Avenue • New York, NY • 10016 USA

 Date of Issuance: July 1, 2023

This international code or standard was developed under procedures accredited as meeting the criteria for
American National Standards and it is an American National Standard. The standards committee that approved
the code or standard was balanced to ensure that individuals from competent and concerned interests had an op-
portunity to participate. The proposed code or standard was made available for public review and comment,
which provided an opportunity for additional public input from industry, academia, regulatory agencies, and
the public-at-large.
ASME does not “approve,” “certify,” “rate,” or “endorse” any item, construction, proprietary device, or activity.
ASME does not take any position with respect to the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with
any items mentioned in this document, and does not undertake to insure anyone utilizing a standard against lia-
bility for infringement of any applicable letters patent, nor does ASME assume any such liability. Users of a code or
standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the risk of infrin-
gement of such rights, is entirely their own responsibility.
Participation by federal agency representatives or persons affiliated with industry is not to be interpreted as
government or industry endorsement of this code or standard.
ASME accepts responsibility for only those interpretations of this document issued in accordance with the es-
tablished ASME procedures and policies, which precludes the issuance of interpretations by individuals.
The endnotes and preamble in this document (if any) are part of this American National Standard.

ASME Collective Membership Mark

ASME Single Certification Mark

“ASME” and the above ASME symbols are registered trademarks of The American Society of Mechanical Engineers.

The ASTM standards included within this ASME publication have been reproduced through a
license agreement with ASTM International.

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retrieval system or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the
publisher.

Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 56-3934

Adopted by the Council of The American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1914; latest edition 2023.

The American Society of Mechanical Engineers

Two Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5990

Copyright © 2023 by
THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS
All rights reserved
Printed in U.S.A.
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

List of Sections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxvii

Foreword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxviii
Statement of Policy on the Use of the ASME Single Certification Mark and Code Authorization in Advertising xxx
Statement of Policy on the Use of ASME Marking to Identify Manufactured Items . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxx
Personnel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxxi
ASTM Personnel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . liii
Correspondence With the Committee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . liv
Summary of Changes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . lvi
Cross-Referencing in the ASME BPVC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . lix
Subsection A Nondestructive Methods of Examination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Article 1 General Requirements . . . . . . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 1
T-110 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 1
T-120 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 1
T-130 Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 3
T-150 Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 3
T-160 Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 3
T-170 Examinations and Inspections . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 4
T-180 Evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 4
T-190 Records/Documentation . . . . . . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 4
Mandatory Appendix I Glossary of Terms for Nondestructive Examination . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
I-110 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
I-120 General Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Mandatory Appendix II Supplemental Personnel Qualification Requirements for NDE
Certification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
II-110 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
II-120 General Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Mandatory Appendix III Exceptions and Additional Requirements for Use of ASNT
SNT-TC-1A 2016 Edition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Mandatory Appendix IV Exceptions to ANSI/ASNT CP-189 2020 Edition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Nonmandatory Appendix A Imperfection vs. Type of NDE Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
A-110 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Article 2 Radiographic Examination . . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 34
T-210 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 34
T-220 General Requirements . . . . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 34
T-230 Equipment and Materials . . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 35
T-260 Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 36
T-270 Examination . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 36
T-280 Evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 41
T-290 Documentation . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 42
Mandatory Appendix I In-Motion Radiography . . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 43
I-210 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 43
I-220 General Requirements . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 43
I-260 Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 43
I-270 Examination . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 43

iii
Mandatory Appendix II Real-Time Radioscopic Examination . .. . .. .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. 45
II-210 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. 45
II-220 General Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. 45
II-230 Equipment and Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. 45
II-260 Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. 45
II-270 Examination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. 46
II-280 Evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. 46
II-290 Documentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. 46
Mandatory Appendix III Digital Image Acquisition, Display, and Storage for Radiography
and Radioscopy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
III-210 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
III-220 General Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
III-230 Equipment and Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
III-250 Image Acquisition and Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
III-260 Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
III-280 Evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
III-290 Documentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
Mandatory Appendix IV Interpretation, Evaluation, and Disposition of Radiographic and
Radioscopic Examination Test Results Produced by the Digital
Image Acquisition and Display Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
IV-210 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
IV-220 General Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
IV-230 Equipment and Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
IV-250 Image Acquisition, Storage, and Interpretation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
IV-260 Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
IV-280 Evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
IV-290 Documentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Mandatory Appendix VI Acquisition, Display, Interpretation, and Storage of Digital Images
of Radiographic Film for Nuclear Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
VI-210 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
VI-220 General Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
VI-230 Equipment and Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
VI-240 System Performance Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
VI-250 Technique . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
VI-260 Demonstration of System Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
VI-270 Examination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
VI-280 Evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
VI-290 Documentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
Mandatory Appendix VI Supplement A . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. 54
VI-A-210 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. 54
VI-A-220 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. 54
VI-A-230 Equipment and Materials . . . . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. 54
VI-A-240 Miscellaneous Requirements . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. 54
Mandatory Appendix VII Radiographic Examination of Metallic Castings . . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. 57
VII-210 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. 57
VII-220 General Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. 57
VII-270 Examination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. 57
VII-280 Evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. 57
VII-290 Documentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. 57
Mandatory Appendix VIII Radiography Using Phosphor Imaging Plate . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. 58
VIII-210 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. 58
VIII-220 General Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. 58
VIII-230 Equipment and Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. 58

iv
 VIII-260 Calibration . . . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 58
VIII-270 Examination . . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 58
VIII-280 Evaluation . . . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 59
VIII-290 Documentation . . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 60
Mandatory Appendix VIII Supplement A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 61
VIII-A-210 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 61
VIII-A-220 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 61
VIII-A-230 Equipment and Materials . . . . . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 61
VIII-A-240 Miscellaneous Requirements . . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 61
Mandatory Appendix IX Radiography Using Digital Detector Systems .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 63
IX-210 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 63
IX-220 General Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 63
IX-230 Equipment and Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 63
IX-260 Detector Pixel Correction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 63
IX-270 Examination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 64
IX-280 Evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 65
IX-290 Documentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 66
Mandatory Appendix IX Supplement A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 67
IX-A-210 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 67
IX-A-220 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 67
IX-A-230 Equipment and Materials . . . . . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 67
IX-A-240 Miscellaneous Requirements . . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 67
Nonmandatory Appendix A Recommended Radiographic Technique Sketches for Pipe or Tube
Welds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
A-210 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
Nonmandatory Appendix C Hole-Type IQI Placement Sketches for Welds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
C-210 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
Nonmandatory Appendix D Number of IQIs (Special Cases) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
D-210 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
Article 4 Ultrasonic Examination Methods for Welds . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 79
T-410 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 79
T-420 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 79
T-430 Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 79
T-440 Miscellaneous Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 90
T-450 Techniques . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 90
T-460 Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 90
T-470 Examination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 93
T-480 Evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 95
T-490 Documentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 95
Mandatory Appendix I Screen Height Linearity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
I-410 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
I-440 Miscellaneous Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
Mandatory Appendix II Amplitude Control Linearity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
II-410 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
II-440 Miscellaneous Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
Mandatory Appendix III Time-of-Flight Diffraction (TOFD) Technique . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 99
III-410 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 99
III-420 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 99
III-430 Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 99
III-460 Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 101
III-470 Examination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 102

v
III-480 Evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
III-490 Documentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
Mandatory Appendix IV Phased Array Manual Raster Examination Techniques Using Linear
Arrays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
IV-410 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
IV-420 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
IV-460 Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
IV-490 Documentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
Mandatory Appendix V Phased Array E-Scan and S-Scan Linear Scanning Examination
Techniques . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 106
V-410 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 106
V-420 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 106
V-460 Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 106
V-470 Examination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 106
V-490 Documentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 108
Mandatory Appendix VII Ultrasonic Examination Requirements for Workmanship-Based
Acceptance Criteria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 109
VII-410 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 109
VII-420 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 109
VII-430 Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 109
VII-440 Miscellaneous Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 109
VII-460 Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 110
VII-470 Examination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 110
VII-480 Evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 110
VII-490 Documentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 110
Mandatory Appendix VIII Ultrasonic Examination Requirements for Fracture-Mechanics-
Based Acceptance Criteria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 111
VIII-410 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 111
VIII-420 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 111
VIII-430 Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 111
VIII-440 Miscellaneous Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 112
VIII-460 Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 112
VIII-470 Examination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 112
VIII-480 Evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 112
VIII-490 Documentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 113
Mandatory Appendix IX Procedure Qualification Requirements for Flaw Sizing and
Categorization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. 114
IX-410 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. 114
IX-420 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. 114
IX-430 Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. 114
IX-440 Miscellaneous Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. 114
IX-480 Evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. 115
IX-490 Documentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. 115
Mandatory Appendix X Ultrasonic Examination of High Density Polyethylene . .. . .. . .. .. 116
X-410 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. .. 116
X-420 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. .. 116
X-430 Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. .. 116
X-460 Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. .. 117
X-470 Examination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. .. 117
X-490 Documentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. .. 118
Mandatory Appendix XI Full Matrix Capture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
XI-410 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
XI-420 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119

vi
XI-430 Equipment . . . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 119
XI-450 Techniques . . . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 120
XI-460 Calibration . . . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 122
XI-470 Examination . . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 123
XI-480 Evaluation . . . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 123
XI-490 Documentation . . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 124
Nonmandatory Appendix A Layout of Vessel Reference Points . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
A-410 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
A-440 Miscellaneous Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
Nonmandatory Appendix B General Techniques for Angle Beam Calibrations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
B-410 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
B-460 Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
Nonmandatory Appendix C General Techniques for Straight Beam Calibrations . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
C-410 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
C-460 Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
Nonmandatory Appendix D Examples of Recording Angle Beam Examination Data . . .. .. . .. . 135
D-410 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . .. . 135
D-420 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . .. . 135
D-470 Examination Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . .. . 135
D-490 Documentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . .. . 135
Nonmandatory Appendix E Computerized Imaging Techniques . . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 138
E-410 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 138
E-420 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 138
E-460 Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 138
E-470 Examination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 138
Nonmandatory Appendix F Examination of Welds Using Full Matrix Capture . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 144
F-410 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 144
F-420 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 144
F-430 Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 144
F-440 Miscellaneous . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 145
F-450 Techniques . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 145
F-460 Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 146
F-470 Examination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 148
F-480 Evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 149
Nonmandatory Appendix G Alternate Calibration Block Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
G-410 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
G-460 Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
Nonmandatory Appendix H Examination of Welds Using Angle Beam Search Units . . . . . . . . . . 154
H-410 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154
H-470 Examination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154
Nonmandatory Appendix J Alternative Basic Calibration Block . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155
J-410 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155
J-430 Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155
Nonmandatory Appendix K Recording Straight Beam Examination Data for Planar Reflectors 158
K-410 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158
K-470 Examination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158
K-490 Records/Documentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158
Nonmandatory Appendix L TOFD Sizing Demonstration/Dual Probe — Computer Imaging
Technique . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159
L-410 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159
L-420 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159

vii
L-430 Equipment . . . . . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. 159
L-460 Calibration . . . . . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. 159
L-470 Examination . . . . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. 159
L-480 Evaluation . . . . . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. 159
L-490 Documentation . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. 161
Nonmandatory Appendix M General Techniques for Angle Beam Longitudinal Wave
Calibrations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162
M-410 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162
M-460 Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162
Nonmandatory Appendix N Time-of-Flight Diffraction (TOFD) Interpretation .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. 165
N-410 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. 165
N-420 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. 165
N-450 Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. 167
N-480 Evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. 171
Nonmandatory Appendix O Time-of-Flight Diffraction (TOFD) Technique — General Examina-
tion Configurations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185
O-410 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185
O-430 Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185
O-470 Examination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185
Nonmandatory Appendix P Phased Array (PAUT) Interpretation .. . .. .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. 188
P-410 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. 188
P-420 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. 188
P-450 Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. 188
P-480 Evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. 188
Nonmandatory Appendix Q Example of a Split DAC Curve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197
Q-410 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197
Q-420 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197
Nonmandatory Appendix R Straight Beam Calibration Blocks for Restricted Access Weld
Examinations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. 199
R-410 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. 199
R-420 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. 199
R-430 Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. 199
Nonmandatory Appendix S General Techniques for Straight-Beam Transfer Correction . .. .. 202
S-410 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. 202
S-420 Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. 202
S-430 Signal Adjustment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. 202
S-440 Distance–Amplitude Correction (DAC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. 202
S-450 Test Material Adjustment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. 202
S-460 Calculate the Transfer Correction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. 202
Nonmandatory Appendix U General Techniques for Angle-Beam Transfer Correction .. . .. .. 205
U-410 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. .. 205
U-420 Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. .. 205
U-430 Signal Adjustment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. .. 205
U-440 Distance–Amplitude Correction (DAC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. .. 205
U-450 Test Material Adjustment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. .. 205
U-460 Calculate the Transfer Correction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. .. 205
Nonmandatory Appendix W Pulse‐Echo Method Examination of Brazed Joints .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. 208
W-410 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. 208
W-430 Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. 208
W-460 Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. 209
W-470 Examination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. 209
W-480 Evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. 210

viii
Article 5 Ultrasonic Examination Methods for Materials .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 211
T-510 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 211
T-520 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 211
T-530 Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 211
T-560 Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 212
T-570 Examination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 214
T-580 Evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 215
T-590 Documentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 215
Mandatory Appendix I Ultrasonic Examination of Pumps and Valves . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 217
I-510 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 217
I-530 Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 217
I-560 Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 217
I-570 Examination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 217
Mandatory Appendix II Inservice Examination of Nozzle Inside Corner Radius and Inner
Corner Regions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218
II-510 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218
II-530 Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218
II-560 Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218
II-570 Examination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218
Mandatory Appendix IV Inservice Examination of Bolts . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 219
IV-510 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 219
IV-530 Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 219
IV-560 Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 219
IV-570 Examination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 219
Article 6 Liquid Penetrant Examination . . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 220
T-610 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 220
T-620 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 220
T-630 Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 220
T-640 Miscellaneous Requirements . . . . . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 220
T-650 Technique . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 222
T-660 Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 222
T-670 Examination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 222
T-680 Evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 224
T-690 Documentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 224
Mandatory Appendix II Control of Contaminants for Liquid Penetrant Examination . . .. . 226
II-610 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . 226
II-640 Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . 226
II-690 Documentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . 226
Mandatory Appendix III Qualification Techniques for Examinations at Nonstandard
Temperatures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . 227
III-610 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . 227
III-630 Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . 227
III-640 Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . 227
Article 7 Magnetic Particle Examination . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 229
T-710 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 229
T-720 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 229
T-730 Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 229
T-740 Miscellaneous Requirements . . . . . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 230
T-750 Technique . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 230
T-760 Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 233
T-770 Examination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 236
T-780 Evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 239
T-790 Documentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 239

ix
 Mandatory Appendix I Magnetic Particle Examination Using the AC Yoke Technique on
Ferromagnetic Materials Coated With Nonferromagnetic
Coatings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240
I-710 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240
I-720 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240
I-730 Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241
I-740 Miscellaneous Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241
I-750 Technique . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241
I-760 Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241
I-770 Examination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242
I-780 Evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242
I-790 Documentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242
Mandatory Appendix III Magnetic Particle Examination Using the Yoke Technique With
Fluorescent Particles in an Undarkened Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 243
III-710 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 243
III-720 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 243
III-750 Technique . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 243
III-760 Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 243
III-770 Examination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 243
III-790 Documentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 244
Mandatory Appendix IV Qualification of Alternate Wavelength Light Sources for Excitation
of Fluorescent Particles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245
IV-710 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245
IV-720 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245
IV-750 Technique . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245
IV-770 Qualification Examinations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245
IV-790 Documentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246
Mandatory Appendix V Requirements for the Use of Magnetic Rubber Techniques . . .. .. 247
V-710 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. 247
V-720 General Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. 247
V-730 Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. 247
V-740 Miscellaneous Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. 247
V-750 Techniques . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. 248
V-760 Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. 249
V-770 Examination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. 249
V-780 Evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. 249
V-790 Documentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. 249
Nonmandatory Appendix A Measurement of Tangential Field Strength With Gaussmeters . .. 250
A-710 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. 250
A-720 General Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. 250
A-730 Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. 250
A-750 Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. 250
A-790 Documentation/Records . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. 250
Article 8 Eddy Current Examination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251
T-810 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251
Mandatory Appendix II Eddy Current Examination of Nonferromagnetic Heat Exchanger
Tubing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252
II-810 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252
II-820 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252
II-830 Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252
II-840 Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254
II-860 Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254
II-870 Examination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256

x
II-880 Evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256
II-890 Documentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257
Mandatory Appendix III Eddy Current Examination on Coated Ferromagnetic Materials . . 259
III-810 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................................... . 259
III-820 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................................... . 259
III-830 Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................................... . 259
III-850 Technique . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................................... . 259
III-860 Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................................... . 259
III-870 Examination . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................................... . 260
III-890 Documentation . . . . . . . . . . ................................... . 260
Mandatory Appendix IV External Coil Eddy Current Examination of Tubular Products . .. . 261
IV-810 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . 261
IV-820 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . 261
IV-830 Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . 261
IV-850 Technique . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . 262
IV-860 Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . 262
IV-870 Examination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . 262
IV-880 Evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . 262
IV-890 Documentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . 262
Mandatory Appendix V Eddy Current Measurement of Nonconductive-Nonferromagnetic
Coating Thickness on a Nonferromagnetic Metallic Material . . . 263
V-810 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263
V-820 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263
V-830 Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263
V-850 Technique . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264
V-860 Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264
V-870 Examination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264
V-880 Evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264
V-890 Documentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264
Mandatory Appendix VI Eddy Current Detection and Measurement of Depth of Surface
Discontinuities in Nonferromagnetic Metals With Surface
Probes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . 266
VI-810 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . 266
VI-820 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . 266
VI-830 Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . 267
VI-850 Technique . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . 267
VI-860 Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . 267
VI-870 Examination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . 267
VI-880 Evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . 267
VI-890 Documentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . 268
Mandatory Appendix VII Eddy Current Examination of Ferromagnetic and Nonferromag-
netic Conductive Metals to Determine If Flaws Are Surface
Connected . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269
VII-810 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269
VII-820 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269
VII-830 Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269
VII-850 Technique . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270
VII-860 Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270
VII-870 Examination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270
VII-880 Evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270
VII-890 Documentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270

xi
 Mandatory Appendix VIII Alternative Technique for Eddy Current Examination of Nonfer-
romagnetic Heat Exchanger Tubing, Excluding Nuclear Steam
Generator Tubing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273
VIII-810 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273
VIII-820 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273
VIII-830 Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273
VIII-850 Technique . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275
VIII-860 Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275
VIII-870 Examination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277
VIII-880 Evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277
VIII-890 Documentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277
Mandatory Appendix IX Eddy Current Array Examination of Ferromagnetic and Nonferro-
magnetic Materials for the Detection of Surface-Breaking Flaws 279
IX-810 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279
IX-820 General Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279
IX-830 Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 280
IX-840 Application Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281
IX-850 Technique . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281
IX-860 Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 282
IX-870 Examination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 282
IX-880 Evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 282
IX-890 Documentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 282
Mandatory Appendix X Eddy Current Array Examination of Ferromagnetic and Nonferro-
magnetic Welds for the Detection of Surface-Breaking Flaws . . 284
X-810 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284
X-820 General Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284
X-830 Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284
X-840 Application Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 286
X-850 Technique . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 286
X-860 Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 286
X-870 Examination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287
X-880 Evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287
X-890 Documentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287
Mandatory Appendix XI Tangential Field Examination of Ferromagnetic and Nonferro-
magnetic Materials and Welds for the Detection and Measure-
ment of Surface-Breaking Discontinuities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 288
XI-810 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 288
XI-820 General Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 288
XI-830 Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 290
XI-840 Application Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292
XI-850 Technique . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292
XI-860 Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293
XI-870 Examination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293
XI-880 Evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293
XI-890 Documentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293
Article 9 Visual Examination . . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. 295
T-910 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. 295
T-920 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. 295
T-930 Equipment . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. 296
T-950 Technique . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. 296
T-980 Evaluation . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. 296
T-990 Documentation . . . . . . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. 296
Article 10 Leak Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297
T-1010 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297

xii
T-1020 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 297
T-1030 Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 297
T-1040 Miscellaneous Requirements . . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 298
T-1050 Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 298
T-1060 Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 298
T-1070 Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 299
T-1080 Evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 299
T-1090 Documentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 299
Mandatory Appendix I Bubble Test — Direct Pressure Technique . . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 300
I-1010 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 300
I-1020 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 300
I-1030 Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 300
I-1070 Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 300
I-1080 Evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 301
Mandatory Appendix II Bubble Test — Vacuum Box Technique . . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 302
II-1010 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 302
II-1020 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 302
II-1030 Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 302
II-1070 Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 303
II-1080 Evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 303
Mandatory Appendix III Halogen Diode Detector Probe Test . . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 304
III-1010 Introduction and Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 304
III-1020 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 304
III-1030 Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 304
III-1060 Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 304
III-1070 Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 305
III-1080 Evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 306
Mandatory Appendix IV Helium Mass Spectrometer Test — Detector Probe Technique .. . 307
IV-1010 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . 307
IV-1020 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . 307
IV-1030 Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . 307
IV-1060 Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . 307
IV-1070 Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . 308
IV-1080 Evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . 309
Mandatory Appendix V Helium Mass Spectrometer Test — Tracer Probe Technique . . .. . 310
V-1010 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . 310
V-1020 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . 310
V-1030 Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . 310
V-1060 Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . 310
V-1070 Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . 311
V-1080 Evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . 311
Mandatory Appendix VI Pressure Change Test . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 313
VI-1010 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 313
VI-1020 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 313
VI-1030 Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 313
VI-1060 Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 314
VI-1070 Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 314
VI-1080 Evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 314
Mandatory Appendix VIII Thermal Conductivity Detector Probe Test . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 315
VIII-1010 Introduction and Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 315
VIII-1020 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 315
VIII-1030 Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 315
VIII-1060 Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 315

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 VIII-1070 Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 316
VIII-1080 Evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 317
Mandatory Appendix IX Helium Mass Spectrometer Test — Hood Technique . . .. . .. . .. .. 318
IX-1010 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ . .. . .. . .. .. 318
IX-1020 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ . .. . .. . .. .. 318
IX-1030 Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ . .. . .. . .. .. 318
IX-1050 Technique . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ . .. . .. . .. .. 319
IX-1060 Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ . .. . .. . .. .. 319
IX-1070 Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ . .. . .. . .. .. 320
IX-1080 Evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ . .. . .. . .. .. 321
Mandatory Appendix X Ultrasonic Leak Detector Test .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. 322
X-1010 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. 322
X-1020 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. 322
X-1030 Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. 322
X-1060 Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. 323
X-1070 Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. 323
X-1080 Evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. 323
Mandatory Appendix XI Helium Mass Spectrometer — Helium-Filled-Container Leakage
Rate Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 324
XI-1010 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 324
XI-1020 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 324
XI-1030 Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 324
XI-1050 Technique . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 325
XI-1060 Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 325
XI-1070 Calculation of Test Reliability and Corrected Leakage Rate . . . . . . . . .. 327
XI-1080 Evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 327
Nonmandatory Appendix A Supplementary Leak Testing Equation Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 328
A-1010 Applicability of the Formulas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 328
Article 11 Acoustic Emission Examination of Fiber-Reinforced Plastic
Vessels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. 329
T-1110 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. 329
T-1120 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. 329
T-1130 Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. 330
T-1160 Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. 331
T-1170 Examination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. 331
T-1180 Evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. 332
T-1190 Documentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. 332
Mandatory Appendix I Instrumentation Performance Requirements .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. 340
I-1110 AE Sensors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. 340
I-1120 Signal Cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. 340
I-1130 Couplant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. 340
I-1140 Preamplifier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. 340
I-1150 Filters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. 340
I-1160 Power-Signal Cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. 340
I-1170 Main Amplifier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. 341
I-1180 Main Processor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. 341
Mandatory Appendix II Instrument Calibration . . . . . . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. 343
II-1110 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. 343
II-1120 Threshold . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. 343
II-1130 Reference Amplitude Threshold .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. 343
II-1140 Count Criterion Nc and AM Value .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. 343
II-1160 Field Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. 343

xiv
 Nonmandatory Appendix A Sensor Placement Guidelines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 344
Article 12 Acoustic Emission Examination of Metallic Vessels During Pres-
sure Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 350
T-1210 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 350
T-1220 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 350
T-1230 Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 351
T-1260 Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 351
T-1270 Examination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 352
T-1280 Evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 353
T-1290 Documentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 353
Mandatory Appendix I Instrumentation Performance Requirements . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 357
I-1210 Acoustic Emission Sensors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 357
I-1220 Signal Cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 357
I-1230 Couplant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 357
I-1240 Preamplifier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 357
I-1250 Filter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 357
I-1260 Power-Signal Cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 357
I-1270 Power Supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 357
I-1280 Main Amplifier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 357
I-1290 Main Processor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 357
Mandatory Appendix II Instrument Calibration and Cross-Referencing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 359
II-1210 Manufacturer’s Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 359
II-1220 Instrument Cross-Referencing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 359
Mandatory Appendix III Methodology for the Evaluation of the Sensitivity of Acoustic
Emission Instrumentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . 360
III-1210 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . 360
III-1220 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . 360
III-1230 K c a t s Calculation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . 360
III-1240 Methodology of Calculation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . 361
III-1250 K c a t s Factor Benefits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . 362
Nonmandatory Appendix A Sensor Placement Guidelines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 372
Nonmandatory Appendix B Supplemental Information for Conducting Acoustic Emission
Examinations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . 377
B-1210 Frequency Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . 377
B-1220 Combining More Than One Sensor in a Single Channel . . . . . . . . . . .. . 377
B-1230 Attenuative Welds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . 377
B-1240 Production Line Testing of Identical Vessels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . 377
Article 13 Continuous Acoustic Emission Monitoring of Pressure Boundary
Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..................... . 378
T-1310 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..................... . 378
T-1320 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..................... . 378
T-1330 Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..................... . 379
T-1340 Miscellaneous Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..................... . 381
T-1350 Technique/Procedure Requirements . . . . . . ..................... . 382
T-1360 Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..................... . 384
T-1370 Examination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..................... . 384
T-1380 Evaluation/Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..................... . 385
T-1390 Reports/Records . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..................... . 385
Mandatory Appendix I Nuclear Components . . . . . . . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 387
I-1310 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 387
I-1330 Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 387
I-1340 Miscellaneous Requirements . . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 387

xv
 I-1360 Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 387
I-1380 Evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 387
Mandatory Appendix II Non-Nuclear Metal Components . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. 389
II-1310 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. 389
II-1330 Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. 389
II-1360 Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. 390
II-1380 Evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. 390
Mandatory Appendix III Nonmetallic Components . . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. 391
III-1310 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. 391
III-1320 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. 391
III-1330 Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. 391
III-1360 Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. 391
III-1380 Evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. 392
Mandatory Appendix IV Limited Zone Monitoring . . . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. 393
IV-1310 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. 393
IV-1320 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. 393
IV-1340 Miscellaneous Requirements . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. 393
IV-1350 Technique . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. 393
IV-1360 Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. 393
IV-1380 Evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. 393
IV-1390 Documentation . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. 394
Mandatory Appendix V Hostile Environment Applications . . .. . .. .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. 395
V-1310 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. 395
V-1330 Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. 395
V-1340 Miscellaneous Requirements . . . . . . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. 395
Mandatory Appendix VI Leak Detection Applications .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. 398
VI-1310 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. 398
VI-1320 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. 398
VI-1330 Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. 398
VI-1350 Technique . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. 399
VI-1360 Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. 399
VI-1370 Examination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. 399
VI-1380 Evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. 399
Article 14 Examination System Qualification . . .. . .. .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. 400
T-1410 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. 400
T-1420 General Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. 400
T-1430 Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. 401
T-1440 Application Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. 401
T-1450 Conduct of Qualification Demonstration .. . .. .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. 403
T-1460 Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. 404
T-1470 Examination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. 404
T-1480 Evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. 406
T-1490 Documentation and Records . . . . . . . . . .. . .. .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. 406
Mandatory Appendix II UT Performance Demonstration Criteria . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. 407
II-1410 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. 407
II-1420 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. 407
II-1430 Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. 407
II-1440 Application Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. 407
II-1450 Conduct of Qualification Demonstration . . . .. .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. 408
II-1460 Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. 409
II-1470 Examination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. 409
II-1480 Evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. 409
II-1490 Documentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. 409

xvi
Article 15 Alternating Current Field Measurement Technique (ACFMT) . .. . 410
T-1510 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . 410
T-1520 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . 410
T-1530 Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . 410
T-1540 Miscellaneous Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . 411
T-1560 Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . 411
T-1570 Examination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . 413
T-1580 Evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . 413
T-1590 Documentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . 413
Article 16 Magnetic Flux Leakage (MFL) Examination . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 414
T-1610 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 414
T-1620 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 414
T-1630 Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 415
T-1640 Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 415
T-1650 Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 415
T-1660 Examination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 415
T-1670 Evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 416
T-1680 Documentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 416
Article 17 Remote Field Testing (RFT) Examination Method .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 418
T-1710 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 418
T-1720 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 418
T-1730 Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 418
T-1750 Technique . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 418
T-1760 Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 419
T-1770 Examination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 421
T-1780 Evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 421
T-1790 Documentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 421
Article 18 Acoustic Pulse Reflectometry (APR) Examination . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 423
T-1810 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 423
T-1820 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 423
T-1830 Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 423
T-1840 Miscellaneous Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 425
T-1850 Prior to the Examination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 425
T-1860 Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 425
T-1870 Examination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 426
T-1880 Evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 426
T-1890 Documentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 426
Article 19 Guided Wave Examination Method for Piping . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 429
T-1910 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 429
T-1920 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 429
T-1930 Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 429
T-1950 Wave Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 429
T-1960 Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 430
T-1970 Examination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 431
T-1980 Evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 431
T-1990 Documentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 431
Nonmandatory Appendix A Operation of GWT Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 433
A-1910 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 433
A-1920 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 433
Article 20 Computed Tomography Examination . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 436
T-2010 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 436
T-2020 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 436
T-2030 Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . 436

xvii
 T-2060 Detector Pixel Correction . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. 437
T-2070 Examination . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. 437
T-2080 Evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. 437
T-2090 Documentation . . . . . . . . . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. .. 438
Article 21 Pulsed Eddy Current (PEC) Technique for Corrosion Screening .. 440
T-2110 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 440
T-2120 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 440
T-2130 Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 441
T-2150 Techniques . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 441
T-2160 Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 441
T-2170 Examination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 442
T-2180 Evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 442
T-2190 Documentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 442
Nonmandatory Appendix A Applications of Pulsed Eddy Current Examination . .. . .. . .. . .. .. 444
A-2110 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. . .. .. 444
A-2120 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. . .. .. 444
A-2150 Process Used With PEC Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. . .. .. 448
A-2160 Reference Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. . .. .. 449
A-2170 Examination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . .. . .. .. 450
Nonmandatory Appendix B Training Outline for Pulsed Eddy Current Examination . . . . . . . . . 451
B-2110 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 451
B-2120 Training Outline for Level II Personnel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 451
Subsection B Documents Adopted by Section V . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 453
Article 22 Radiographic Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 454
SE-94/SE-94M Standard Guide for Radiographic Examination Using Industrial Radio-
graphic Film . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 455
SE-747 Standard Practice for Design, Manufacture and Material Grouping
Classification of Wire Image Quality Indicators (IQI) Used for
Radiology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 469
SE-999 Standard Guide for Controlling the Quality of Industrial Radiographic
Film Processing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 483
SE-1025 Standard Practice for Design, Manufacture, and Material Grouping
Classification of Hole-Type Image Quality Indicators (IQI) Used for
Radiography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 491
SE-1030/SE-1030M Standard Practice for Radiographic Examination of Metallic Castings . 499
SE-1114 Standard Test Method for Determining the Size of Iridium-192,
Cobalt-60, and Selenium-75 Industrial Radiographic Sources . . . . . . 511
SE-1165 Standard Test Method for Measurement of Focal Spots of Industrial
X-Ray Tubes by Pinhole Imaging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 519
SE-1255 Standard Practice for Radioscopy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 537
SE-1416 Standard Practice for Radioscopic Examination of Weldments . . . . . . . 547
SE-1475 Standard Guide for Data Fields for Computerized Transfer of Digital
Radiological Examination Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 555
SE-1647 Standard Practice for Determining Contrast Sensitivity in Radiology . 563
SE-2597/SE-2597M Standard Practice for Manufacturing Characterization of Digital Detec-
tor Arrays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 569
Article 23 Ultrasonic Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 570
SA-388/SA-388M Standard Practice for Ultrasonic Examination of Steel Forgings . . . . . . 571
SA-435/SA-435M Standard Specification for Straight-Beam Ultrasonic Examination of
Steel Plates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 581
SA-577/SA-577M Standard Specification for Ultrasonic Angle-Beam Examination of Steel
Plate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 585

xviii
SA-578/SA-578M Standard Specification for Straight-Beam Ultrasonic Examination of
Rolled Steel Plates for Special Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 589
SA-609/SA-609M Standard Practice for Castings, Carbon, Low-Alloy and Martensitic
Stainless Steel, Ultrasonic Examination Thereof . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 595
SA-745/SA-745M Standard Practice for Ultrasonic Examination of Austenitic Steel
Forgings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 605
SB-548 Standard Test Method for Ultrasonic Inspection of Aluminum-Alloy
Plate for Pressure Vessels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 611
SD-7091 Standard Practice for Nondestructive Measurement of Dry Film Thick-
ness of Nonmagnetic Coatings Applied to Ferrous Metals and Non-
magnetic, Nonconductive Coatings Applied to Non-Ferrous Metals . 617
SE-213 Standard Practice for Ultrasonic Testing of Metal Pipe and Tubing . . . 625
SE-273 Standard Practice for Ultrasonic Testing of the Weld Zone of Welded
Pipe and Tubing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 637
SE-317 Standard Practice for Evaluating Performance Characteristics of Ultra-
sonic Pulse-Echo Testing Instruments and Systems Without the Use
of Electronic Measurement Instruments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 643
SE-797/SE-797M Standard Practice for Measuring Thickness by Manual Ultrasonic
Pulse-Echo Contact Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 657
SE-2491 Standard Guide for Evaluating Performance Characteristics of
Phased-Array Ultrasonic Testing Instruments and Systems . . . . . . . 667
SE-2700 Standard Practice for Contact Ultrasonic Testing of Welds Using Phased
Arrays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 685
Article 24 Liquid Penetrant Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 695
SD-129 Standard Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (General High
Pressure Decomposition Device Method) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 697
SD-516 Standard Test Method for Sulfate Ion in Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 703
SD-808 Standard Test Method for Chlorine in New and Used Petroleum Pro-
ducts (High Pressure Decomposition Device Method) . . . . . . . . . . . . 709
SE-165/SE-165M Standard Practice for Liquid Penetrant Examination for General In-
dustry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 715
SE-2297 Standard Guide for Use of UV-A and Visible Light Sources and Meters
Used in the Liquid Penetrant and Magnetic Particle Methods . . . . . . 735
SE-3022 Standard Practice for Measurement of Emission Characteristics and
Requirements for LED UV-A Lamps Used in Fluorescent Penetrant
and Magnetic Particle Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 741
Article 25 Magnetic Particle Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 750
SD-1186 Standard Test Methods for Nondestructive Measurement of Dry Film
Thickness of Nonmagnetic Coatings Applied to a Ferrous Base . . . . 751
SE-709 Standard Guide for Magnetic Particle Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 753
Article 26 Eddy Current Standard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 801
SE-243 Standard Practice for Electromagnetic (Eddy Current) Examination of
Copper and Copper-Alloy Tubes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 803
Article 29 Acoustic Emission Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 809
SE-650/SE-650M Standard Guide for Mounting Piezoelectric Acoustic Emission Sensors 811
SE-750 Standard Practice for Characterizing Acoustic Emission Instrumenta-
tion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 815
SE-976 Standard Guide for Determining the Reproducibility of Acoustic Emis-
sion Sensor Response . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 827
SE-1067/SE-1067M Standard Practice for Acoustic Emission Examination of Fiberglass Re-
inforced Plastic Resin (FRP) Tanks/Vessels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 835
SE-1118/SE-1118M Standard Practice for Acoustic Emission Examination of Reinforced
Thermosetting Resin Pipe (RTRP) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 851

xix
 SE-1139/SE-1139M Standard Practice for Continuous Monitoring of Acoustic Emission
From Metal Pressure Boundaries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 865
SE-1211/SE-1211M Standard Practice for Leak Detection and Location Using Surface-
Mounted Acoustic Emission Sensors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 873
SE-1419/SE-1419M Standard Practice for Examination of Seamless, Gas-Filled, Pressure
Vessels Using Acoustic Emission . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 879
SE-2075/SE-2075M Standard Practice for Verifying the Consistency of AE-Sensor Response
Using an Acrylic Rod . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 881
Article 31 Alternating Current Field Measurement Standard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 886
SE-2261/SE-2261M Standard Practice for Examination of Welds Using the Alternating
Current Field Measurement Technique . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 887
Article 32 Remote Field Testing Standard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 902
SE-2096/SE-2096M Standard Practice for In Situ Examination of Ferromagnetic
Heat-Exchanger Tubes Using Remote Field Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 903
Article 33 Guided Wave Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 913
SE-2775 Standard Practice for Guided Wave Testing of Above Ground Steel
Pipework Using Piezoelectric Effect Transduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 915
SE-2929 Standard Practice for Guided Wave Testing of Above Ground Steel
Piping With Magnetostrictive Transduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 927
Mandatory Appendix II Standard Units for Use in Equations .......................... 938
Nonmandatory Appendix A Guidance for the Use of U.S. Customary and SI Units in the ASME
Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 939
A-1 Use of Units in Equations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 939
A-2 Guidelines Used to Develop SI Equivalents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 939
A-3 Soft Conversion Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 941

FIGURES
T-275 Location Marker Sketches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
I-263 Beam Width Determination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
VI-A-1 Reference Film . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
VIII-A-221-1 Procedure Demonstration Block . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
IX-263 Beam Width Determination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
A-210-1 Single-Wall Radiographic Techniques . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
C-210-1 Side and Top Views of Hole-Type IQI Placements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
C-210-2 Side and Top Views of Hole-Type IQI Placements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
C-210-3 Side and Top Views of Hole-Type IQI Placements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
C-210-4 Side and Top Views of Hole-Type IQI Placements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
D-210-1 Complete Circumference Cylindrical Component . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
D-210-2 Section of Circumference 240 deg or More Cylindrical Component (Example is Alternate
Intervals) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
D-210-3 Section(s) of Circumference Less Than 240 deg Cylindrical Component . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
D-210-4 Section(s) of Circumference Equal to or More Than 120 deg and Less Than 240 deg Cy-
lindrical Component Option . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
D-210-5 Complete Circumferential Welds Spherical Component . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
D-210-6 Welds in Segments of Spherical Component . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
D-210-7 Plan View A-A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
D-210-8 Array of Objects in a Circle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
T-434.1.7.2 Ratio Limits for Curved Surfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
T-434.2.1 Nonpiping Calibration Blocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
T-434.3-1 Calibration Block for Piping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
T-434.3-2 Alternate Calibration Block for Piping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
T-434.4.1 Calibration Block for Technique One . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
T-434.4.2.1 Alternate Calibration Block for Technique One . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
T-434.4.2.2 Alternate Calibration Block for Technique One . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88

xx
T-434.4.3 Calibration Block for Technique Two . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
T-434.5.1 Calibration Block for Straight Beam Examination of Nozzle Side Weld Fusion Zone and/or
Adjacent Nozzle Parent Metal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
I-440 Linearity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
III-434.2.1(a) TOFD Reference Block . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
III-434.2.1(b) Two-Zone Reference Block Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
III-463.5 Offset Scans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
X-471.1 Fusion Pipe Joint Examination Volume . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
XI-434.1-1 Calibration Block . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
B-461.1 Sweep Range (Side-Drilled Holes) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
B-461.2 Sweep Range (IIW Block) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
B-461.3 Sweep Range (Notches) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
B-462.1 Sensitivity and Distance–Amplitude Correction (Side-Drilled Holes) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
B-462.3 Sensitivity and Distance–Amplitude Correction (Notches) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130
B-464 Position Depth and Beam Path . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
B-465 Planar Reflections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
B-466 Beam Spread . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132
C-461 Sweep Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
C-462 Sensitivity and Distance–Amplitude Correction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134
D-490 Search Unit Location, Position, and Beam Direction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136
E-460.1 Lateral Resolution and Depth Discrimination Block for 45 deg and 60 deg Applications . . 140
E-460.2 Lateral and Depth Resolution Block for 0 deg Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142
F-451.1-1 FMC/TFM Generic Workflow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
F-451.1-2 Active Focusing Workflow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
F-451.1-3 Active Focusing Workflow With FMC Data Acquisition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
F-451.1-4 Example of an Iterative FMC/TFM Workflow as an Adaptation of That Shown in
Figure F-451.1-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148
F-471-1 Examples of Ultrasonic Imaging Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150
G-461(a) Critical Radius, R C , for Transducer/Couplant Combinations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152
G-461(b) Correction Factor (Gain) for Various Ultrasonic Examination Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
J-431 Basic Calibration Block . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156
L-432 Example of a Flat Demonstration Block Containing Three Notches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160
M-461.1 Sweep Range (Side-Drilled Holes) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162
M-461.2 Sweep Range (Cylindrical Surfaces) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163
M-461.3 Sweep Range (Straight Beam Search Unit) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163
M-462 Sensitivity and Distance–Amplitude Correction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164
N-421(a) Schematic Showing Waveform Transformation Into Grayscale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165
N-421(b) Schematic Showing Generation of Grayscale Image From Multiple A-Scans . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166
N-421(c) Schematic Showing Standard TOFD Setup and Display With Waveform and Signal Phases 166
N-421(d) TOFD Display With Flaws and Displayed A-Scan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167
N-451 Measurement Tools for Flaw Heights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168
N-452(a) Schematic Showing the Detection of Off-Axis Flaws . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168
N-452(b) Measurement Errors From Flaw Position Uncertainty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169
N-453 TOFD Image Showing Hyperbolic “Tails” From the Ends of a Flaw Image Used to Measure
Flaw Length . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169
N-454(a) TOFD Image Showing Top and Bottom Diffracted Signals From Midwall Flaw and A-Scan
Interpretation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170
N-454(b) TOFD Image Showing Top and Bottom Diffracted Signals From Centerline Crack and A-Scan
Interpretation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170
N-481(a) Schematics of Image Generation, Scan Pattern, Waveform, and TOFD Display Showing the
Image of the Point Flaw . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171
N-481(b) Schematics of Image Generation, Flaw Location, and TOFD Display Showing the Image of the
Inside (ID) Surface-Breaking Flaw . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172
N-481(c) Schematics of Image Generation, Flaw Location, and TOFD Display Showing the Image of the
Outside (OD) Surface-Breaking Flaw . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172

xxi
N-481(d) Schematics of Flaw Location, Signals, and TOFD Display Showing the Image of the Midwall
Flaw . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173
N-481(e) Flaw Location and TOFD Display Showing the Image of the Lack of Root Penetration . . . . 174
N-481(f) Flaw Location and TOFD Display Showing the Image of the Concave Root Flaw . . . . . . . . . 174
N-481(g) Flaw Location, TOFD Display Showing the Image of the Midwall Lack of Fusion Flaw, and the
A-Scan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175
N-481(h) Flaw Location and TOFD Display Showing the Image of the Porosity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175
N-481(i) Flaw Location and TOFD Display Showing the Image of the Transverse Crack . . . . . . . . . . 176
N-481(j) Schematics of Image Generation, Flaw Location, and TOFD Display Showing the Image of the
Interpass Lack of Fusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176
N-482(a) Schematic of Flaw Locations and TOFD Image Showing the Lateral Wave, Back Wall, and
Three of the Four Flaws . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177
N-482(b) Schematic of Flaw Locations and TOFD Display Showing the Lateral Wave, Back Wall, and
Four Flaws . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178
N-483(a) Acceptable Noise Levels, Flaws, Lateral Wave, and Longitudinal Wave Back Wall . . . . . . . . 179
N-483(b) TOFD Image With Gain Too Low . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180
N-483(c) TOFD Image With Gain Set Too High . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181
N-483(d)(1) TOFD Image With the Gate Set Too Early . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181
N-483(d)(2) TOFD Image With the Gate Set Too Late . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182
N-483(d)(3) TOFD Image With the Gate Set Too Long . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182
N-483(e) TOFD Image With Transducers Set Too Far Apart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183
N-483(f) TOFD Image With Transducers Set Too Close Together . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183
N-483(g) TOFD Image With Transducers Not Centered on the Weld Axis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184
N-483(h) TOFD Image Showing Electrical Noise Interference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184
O-470(a) Example of a Single Zone TOFD Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186
O-470(b) Example of a Two Zone TOFD Setup (Equal Zone Heights) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186
O-470(c) Example of a Three Zone TOFD Setup (Unequal Zone Heights With Zone 3 Addressed by Two
Offset Scans) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186
O-470(d) Example of a Four Zone TOFD Setup (Equal Zone Heights) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187
P-421-1 Black and White (B&W) Version of Color Palette . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190
P-421-2 Scan Pattern Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190
P-421-3 Example of an E-Scan Image Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191
P-421-4 Example of an S-Scan Image Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192
P-452.1 Flaw Length Sizing Using Amplitude Drop Technique and the Vertical Cursors on the C-Scan
Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192
P-452.2-1 Scan Showing Flaw Height Sizing Using Amplitude Drop Technique and the Horizontal
Cursors on the B-Scan Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193
P-452.2-2 Flaw Height Sizing Using Tip Diffraction Technique and the Horizontal Cursors on the S-Scan
Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193
P-481 S-Scan of I.D. Connected Crack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194
P-481.1 E-Scan of LOF in Midwall . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194
P-481.2 S-Scan of Porosity, Showing Multiple Reflectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195
P-481.3 O.D. Toe Crack Detected Using S-Scan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195
P-481.4 IP Signal on S-Scan, Positioned on Root . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196
P-481.5 Slag Displayed as a Midwall Defect on S-Scan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196
Q-410 Distance–Amplitude Correction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197
Q-421 First DAC Curve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198
Q-422 Second DAC Curve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198
R-434-1 Corner Weld Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200
R-434-2 Tee Weld Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201
S-430-1 Signal Adjustment (Back Wall) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202
S-440-1 DAC Curve for Straight-Beam Transfer Correction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203
S-460-1 Example 1 (Straight-Beam Transfer Correction) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203
S-460-2 Example 2 (Straight-Beam Transfer Correction) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204
U-430-1 Signal Adjustment (Angle Beam) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206
U-440-1 DAC Curve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206

xxii
U-450-1 Signal Adjustment (Angle Beam) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206
U-460-1 Example 1 (Angle-Beam Transfer Correction) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207
U-460-2 Example 2 (Angle-Beam Transfer Correction) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207
W-434-1 Assembly Partially Brazed Around the Fitting Circumference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208
W-461.4-1 Filled and Unfilled Zones of a Joint . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209
T-534.3 Straight-Beam Calibration Blocks for Bolting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213
III-630 Liquid Penetrant Comparator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227
T-754.2.1 Single-Pass and Two-Pass Central Conductor Technique . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232
T-754.2.2 The Effective Region of Examination When Using an Offset Central Conductor . . . . . . . . . . 232
T-764.2(a) Pie-Shaped Magnetic Particle Field Indicator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234
T-764.2(b)(1) Artificial Flaw Shims . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234
T-764.2(b)(2) Artificial Flaw Shims . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235
T-766.1 Ketos (Betz) Test Ring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237
II-863.1 Differential Technique Response From Calibration Reference Standard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256
II-863.2 Absolute Technique Response From Calibration Reference Standard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256
II-880 Flaw Depth as a Function of Phase Angle at 400 kHz [Ni–Cr–Fe 0.050 in. (1.24 mm) Wall
Tube] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257
V-860 Typical Lift-off Calibration Curve for Coating Thickness Showing Thickness Calibration
Points Along the Curve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265
VI-832 Reference Specimen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268
VI-850 Impedance Plane Representations of Indications From Figure VI-832 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268
VII-835 Eddy Current Reference Specimen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271
VII-862 Impedance Plane Responses for Stainless Steel and Carbon Steel Reference Specimens . . . 272
VIII-864.1 Differential Technique Response From Calibration Reference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 276
VIII-864.2 Absolute Technique From Calibration Reference Standard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 276
IX-821-1 ECA Technique Compared to Raster Scan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279
IX-832-1 Array Coil Sensitivity Variance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 280
IX-833-1 Example Reference Standard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281
IX-872-1 Scanning Overlap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283
X-833-1 Example Reference Standard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 286
XI-821-1 Induced Eddy Currents Flow Around and Under a Surface-Breaking Discontinuity . . . . . . . 288
XI-821-2 Example Coil Arrangement: Tangentially Oriented Driver Coil With Passive Receiver Coils
Oriented Perpendicular and Tangential to the Examination Surface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289
XI-832-1 Array Coil Sensitivity Variance for Defect Detection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291
XI-832-2 Array Coil Sensitivity Variance for Defect Depth Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291
XI-833.1-1 Example Reference Standard, Welds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292
XI-833.2-1 Example Reference Standard, Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292
XI-872-1 Scanning Overlap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 294
T-1173(a)(1) Atmospheric Vessels Loading Sequence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 334
T-1173(a)(2) Vacuum Vessels Loading Sequence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 335
T-1173(a)(3) Test Algorithm — Flowchart for Atmospheric Vessels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 336
T-1173(b)(1) Pressure Vessel Loading Sequence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 337
T-1173(b)(2) Algorithm — Flowchart for Pressure Vessels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 338
I-1183 Sample of Schematic of AE Instrumentation for Vessel Examination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 342
A-1110 Case 1 — Atmospheric Vertical Vessel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 344
A-1120 Case 2 — Atmospheric Vertical Vessel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345
A-1130 Case 3 — Atmospheric/Pressure Vessel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 346
A-1140 Case 4 — Atmospheric/Pressure Vertical Vessel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347
A-1150 Case 5 — Atmospheric/Vacuum Vertical Vessel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 348
A-1160 Case 6 — Atmospheric/Pressure Horizontal Tank . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 349
T-1273.2.1 An Example of Pressure Vessel Test Stressing Sequence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 354
T-1273.2.2 An Example of In-Service, Pressure Vessel, Test Loading Sequence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 355
III-1241.1-1 Example of Planar (2D) Sensor Array . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 362
III-1241.2-1 Example of Attenuation Curve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363
III-1242.1-1 Graph Representing the Positions of Sensors (Stars) and the Grid for Which the Distances Are
Calculated for Each Point . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 364

xxiii
III-1242.1-2 Graph Representing the Positions of Sensors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 365
III-1242.1-3 Mapping Representing the Distance to the Closest Sensor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 366
III-1242.1-4 Mapping Representing the Distance to the Third-Closest Sensor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 367
III-1242.2-1 Calculation of the Equivalent Minimum Amplitude Using the Planar Localization Algorithm 368
III-1242.2-2 Mapping Representing the Minimum Amplitude That Can Be Detected (Processed) by the
Zonal Location Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 369
III-1242.2-3 Mapping Representing the Minimum Amplitude That Can Be Processed by the Planar Lo-
cation Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 370
III-1242.3-1 Mapping Representing the Areas Where the Planar Location Method Is Efficient and Not
Applicable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 371
A-1210 Case 1 — Vertical Pressure Vessel Dished Heads, Lug or Leg Supported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 372
A-1220 Case 2 — Complex Dished Head With Multiple Nozzles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 373
A-1230 Case 3 — Horizontal Pressure Vessel Dished Heads, Saddle Supported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 374
A-1240 Case 4 — Vertical Pressure Vessel Packed or Trayed Column Dished Heads, Lug or Skirt
Supported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 375
A-1250 Case 5 — Spherical Pressure Vessel, Leg Supported . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 376
T-1331 Functional Flow Diagram — Continuous AE Monitoring System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 379
T-1332.2 Response of a Waveguide AE Sensor Inductively Tuned to 500 kHz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 380
V-1333 Metal Waveguide AE Sensor Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 396
V-1341 Mounting Fixture for Steel Waveguide AE Sensor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 397
II-1434 Flaw Characterization for Tables II-1434-1 and II-1434-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 408
T-1533 ACFMT Calibration Block . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 412
T-1622.1.1 Reference Plate Dimensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 415
T-1622.1.2 Reference Pipe or Tube Dimensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 416
T-1762 Pit Reference Tube (Typical) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 419
T-1763.1(a) Voltage Plane Display of Differential Channel Response for Through-Wall Hole (Through-
Hole Signal) and 20% Groove Showing Preferred Angular Relationship . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 420
T-1763.1(b) Voltage Plane Display of Differential Channel Response for the Tube Support Plate (TSP),
20% Groove, and Through-Wall Hole (Through-Hole Signal) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 420
T-1763.2 Reference Curve and the Absolute Channel Signal Response From Two Circumferential
Grooves and a Tube Support Plate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 421
T-1832 Reference Specimens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 424
T-1865.1 Signal Analysis From Various Types of Discontinuities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 427
T-1865.2 Reflection From a Through-Wall Hole . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 428
A-1920 Illustration of the Guided Wave Examination Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 434
A-2121-1 Basic Decay Curve in a Log-Linear Graph . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 444
A-2121-2 Basic Decay Curve in a Log-Log Graph . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 445
A-2123.1-1 Impact of Aluminum Jacketing With a Thickness of 0.04 in. (1 mm) on the Decay Curve in a
Log-Linear Graph . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 445
A-2123.1-2 Impact of Aluminum Jacketing With a Thickness of 0.04 in. (1 mm) on the Decay Curve in a
Log-Log Graph . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 446
A-2152-1 Image of Reference Plate With Two Thicknesses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 449
A-2152.1-1 Image of Trajectory A–B on Which Measurements Are Performed to Determine the Foot-
print . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 449
A-2152.1-2 Wall Thickness Response of the Measurement of Trajectory A–B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 449
A-2152.1-3 Derivative of the Wall Thickness Response of the Measurement of Trajectory A–B . . . . . . 450
A-2152.2-1 Wall Thickness Response of the Measurement of Trajectory A–B With a Plotted Line . . . . 450

TABLES
II-121-1 Initial Training and Experience Requirements for CR and DR Techniques . . . . . . . . . . . . .... 28
II-121-2 Additional Training and Experience Requirements for PAUT, TOFD, and FMC Ultrasonic
Techniques . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . 29
II-122.1 Minimum CR and DR Examination Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . 29
II-122.2 Minimum Ultrasonic Technique Examination Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . 29
A-110 Imperfection vs. Type of NDE Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . 32
T-233.1 Hole-Type IQI Designation, Thickness, and Hole Diameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . 35

xxiv
T-233.2 Wire IQI Designation, Wire Diameter, and Wire Identity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
T-276 IQI Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
T-283 Equivalent Hole-Type IQI Sensitivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
A-210-2 Double-Wall Radiographic Techniques . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
T-421 Requirements of an Ultrasonic Examination Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
III-421 Requirements of a TOFD Examination Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
IV-421 Requirements of a Manual Linear Phased Array Raster Scanning Examination Procedure . . . 105
V-421 Requirements of Phased Array Linear Scanning Examination Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
X-421 Requirements of an Ultrasonic Examination Procedure for HDPE Techniques . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
XI-421.1-1 Requirements of an FMC Examination Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120
D-490 Example Data Record . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136
F-441-1 An Illustrated Elementary Transmit/Receive Matrix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
F-471-1 Ultrasonic Imaging Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149
G-461 Transducer Factor, F1, for Various Ultrasonic Transducer Diameters and Frequencies . . . . . . 151
O-432(a) Search Unit Parameters for Single Zone Examinations Up to 3 in. (75 mm) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185
O-432(b) Search Unit Parameters for Multiple Zone Examinations Up to 12 in. (300 mm) Thick . . . . . 185
O-470 Recommended TOFD Zones for Butt Welds Up to 12 in. (300 mm) Thick . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185
T-522 Variables of an Ultrasonic Examination Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212
T-621.1 Requirements of a Liquid Penetrant Examination Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221
T-621.3 Minimum and Maximum Time Limits for Steps in Penetrant Examination Procedures . . . . . . 221
T-672 Minimum Dwell Times . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223
T-721 Requirements of a Magnetic Particle Examination Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230
I-721 Requirements of AC Yoke Technique on Coated Ferritic Component . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240
III-721 Requirements for an AC or HWDC Yoke Technique With Fluorescent Particles in an Undark-
ened Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243
IV-721 Requirements for Qualifying Alternate Wavelength Light Sources for Excitation of Specific
Fluorescent Particles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245
V-721 Requirements of a Magnetic Rubber Examination Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248
II-821 Requirements of an Eddy Current Examination Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253
IV-823 Requirements of an External Coil Eddy Current Examination Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261
V-821 Requirements of an Eddy Current Examination Procedure for the Measurement of
Nonconductive-Nonferromagnetic Coating Thickness on a Metallic Material . . . . . . . . . . . . 263
VI-821 Requirements of an Eddy Current Examination Procedure for the Detection and Measurement
of Depth for Surface Discontinuities in Nonferromagnetic Metallic Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . 266
VII-823 Requirements of an Eddy Current Surface Examination Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269
VIII-821 Requirements of an Eddy Current Examination Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 274
IX-822-1 Written Procedure Requirements for an ECA Examination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 280
X-822-1 Written Procedure Requirements for an ECA Examination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285
XI-822-1 Written Procedure Requirements for a TF Technique Examination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289
T-921 Requirements of a Visual Examination Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295
I-1021 Requirements of a Direct Pressure Bubble Leak Testing Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300
II-1021 Requirements of a Vacuum Box Leak Testing Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 302
III-1021 Requirements of a Halogen Diode Detector Probe Testing Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305
III-1031 Tracer Gases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305
IV-1021 Requirements of a Helium Mass Spectrometer Detector Probe Testing Procedure . . . . . . . . . 308
V-1021 Requirements of a Helium Mass Spectrometer Tracer Probe Testing Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . 311
VI-1021 Requirements of a Pressure Change Testing Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313
VIII-1021 Requirements of a Thermal Conductivity Detector Probe Testing Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 316
VIII-1031 Tracer Gases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 316
IX-1021 Requirements of a Helium Mass Spectrometer Hood Testing Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 318
X-1021 Requirements of an Ultrasonic Leak Testing Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 322
XI-1021.1-1 Requirements of a Helium Mass Spectrometer Sealed-Object Leakage Rate Test . . . . . . . . . . . 325
T-1121 Requirements for Reduced Operating Level Immediately Prior to Examination . . . . . . . . . . . . 329
T-1181 Evaluation Criteria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 339
T-1281 An Example of Evaluation Criteria for Zone Location . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 356
III-1250-1 Example of Values of K c a t s for Two Different Configurations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 371

xxv
II-1381 An Example of Evaluation Criteria for Zone Location . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 390
II-1382 An Example of Evaluation Criteria for Multisource Location . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 390
T-1472.1 Total Number of Samples for a Given Number of Misses at a Specified Confidence Level and
POD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 405
T-1472.2 Required Number of First Stage Examiners vs. Target Pass Rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 406
II-1434-1 Flaw Acceptance Criteria for 4-in. to 12-in. Thick Weld . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 408
II-1434-2 Flaw Acceptance Criteria for Larger Than 12-in. Thick Weld . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 408
T-1522 Requirements of an ACFMT Examination Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 411
T-1623 Requirements of an MFL Examination Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 417
T-1721 Requirements of an RFT Examination Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 418
T-1821 Requirements of an Acoustic Pulse Reflectometry Examination Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 423
T-1921.1 Requirements of a GWT Examination Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 430
T-2021.1-1 Requirements of a Computed Tomography Examination Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 439
T-2121.1-1 Requirements of a PEC Examination Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 443
II-1 Standard Units for Use in Equations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 938

ENDNOTES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 943

xxvi
 LIST OF SECTIONS ð23Þ
SECTIONS
I Rules for Construction of Power Boilers

II Materials
• Part A — Ferrous Material Specifications
• Part B — Nonferrous Material Specifications
• Part C — Specifications for Welding Rods, Electrodes, and Filler Metals
• Part D — Properties (Customary)
• Part D — Properties (Metric)

III Rules for Construction of Nuclear Facility Components

• Subsection NCA — General Requirements for Division 1 and Division 2
• Appendices
• Division 1
– Subsection NB — Class 1 Components
– Subsection NCD — Class 2 and Class 3 Components
– Subsection NE — Class MC Components
– Subsection NF — Supports
– Subsection NG — Core Support Structures
• Division 2 — Code for Concrete Containments
• Division 3 — Containment Systems for Transportation and Storage of Spent Nuclear Fuel and High-Level
Radioactive Material
• Division 4 — Fusion Energy Devices
• Division 5 — High Temperature Reactors

IV Rules for Construction of Heating Boilers

V Nondestructive Examination

VI Recommended Rules for the Care and Operation of Heating Boilers

VII Recommended Guidelines for the Care of Power Boilers

VIII Rules for Construction of Pressure Vessels

• Division 1
• Division 2 — Alternative Rules
• Division 3 — Alternative Rules for Construction of High Pressure Vessels

IX Welding, Brazing, and Fusing Qualifications

X Fiber-Reinforced Plastic Pressure Vessels

XI Rules for Inservice Inspection of Nuclear Reactor Facility Components

• Division 1 — Rules for Inspection and Testing of Components of Light-Water-Cooled Plants
• Division 2 — Requirements for Reliability and Integrity Management (RIM) Programs for Nuclear Reactor
Facilities

XII Rules for Construction and Continued Service of Transport Tanks

XIII Rules for Overpressure Protection

xxvii
 FOREWORD*
In 1911, The American Society of Mechanical Engineers established the Boiler and Pressure Vessel Committee to for-
mulate standard rules for the construction of steam boilers and other pressure vessels. In 2009, the Boiler and Pressure
Vessel Committee was superseded by the following committees:
(a) Committee on Power Boilers (I)
(b) Committee on Materials (II)
(c) Committee on Construction of Nuclear Facility Components (III)
(d) Committee on Heating Boilers (IV)
(e) Committee on Nondestructive Examination (V)
(f) Committee on Pressure Vessels (VIII)
(g) Committee on Welding, Brazing, and Fusing (IX)
(h) Committee on Fiber-Reinforced Plastic Pressure Vessels (X)
(i) Committee on Nuclear Inservice Inspection (XI)
(j) Committee on Transport Tanks (XII)
(k) Committee on Overpressure Protection (XIII)
(l) Technical Oversight Management Committee (TOMC)
Where reference is made to “the Committee” in this Foreword, each of these committees is included individually and
collectively.
The Committee’s function is to establish rules of safety relating only to pressure integrity, which govern the
construction** of boilers, pressure vessels, transport tanks, and nuclear components, and the inservice inspection of nu-
clear components and transport tanks. The Committee also interprets these rules when questions arise regarding their
intent. The technical consistency of the Sections of the Code and coordination of standards development activities of the
Committees is supported and guided by the Technical Oversight Management Committee. This Code does not address
other safety issues relating to the construction of boilers, pressure vessels, transport tanks, or nuclear components, or
the inservice inspection of nuclear components or transport tanks. Users of the Code should refer to the pertinent codes,
standards, laws, regulations, or other relevant documents for safety issues other than those relating to pressure integ-
rity. Except for Sections XI and XII, and with a few other exceptions, the rules do not, of practical necessity, reflect the
likelihood and consequences of deterioration in service related to specific service fluids or external operating environ-
ments. In formulating the rules, the Committee considers the needs of users, manufacturers, and inspectors of pressure
vessels. The objective of the rules is to afford reasonably certain protection of life and property, and to provide a margin
for deterioration in service to give a reasonably long, safe period of usefulness. Advancements in design and materials
and evidence of experience have been recognized.
This Code contains mandatory requirements, specific prohibitions, and nonmandatory guidance for construction ac-
tivities and inservice inspection and testing activities. The Code does not address all aspects of these activities and those
aspects that are not specifically addressed should not be considered prohibited. The Code is not a handbook and cannot
replace education, experience, and the use of engineering judgment. The phrase engineering judgment refers to technical
judgments made by knowledgeable engineers experienced in the application of the Code. Engineering judgments must
be consistent with Code philosophy, and such judgments must never be used to overrule mandatory requirements or
specific prohibitions of the Code.
The Committee recognizes that tools and techniques used for design and analysis change as technology progresses
and expects engineers to use good judgment in the application of these tools. The designer is responsible for complying
with Code rules and demonstrating compliance with Code equations when such equations are mandatory. The Code
neither requires nor prohibits the use of computers for the design or analysis of components constructed to the
*
The information contained in this Foreword is not part of this American National Standard (ANS) and has not been processed in accordance
with ANSI's requirements for an ANS. Therefore, this Foreword may contain material that has not been subjected to public review or a con-
sensus process. In addition, it does not contain requirements necessary for conformance to the Code.
**
Construction, as used in this Foreword, is an all-inclusive term comprising materials, design, fabrication, examination, inspection, testing,
certification, and overpressure protection.

xxviii
requirements of the Code. However, designers and engineers using computer programs for design or analysis are cau-
tioned that they are responsible for all technical assumptions inherent in the programs they use and the application of
these programs to their design.
The rules established by the Committee are not to be interpreted as approving, recommending, or endorsing any pro-
prietary or specific design, or as limiting in any way the manufacturer’s freedom to choose any method of design or any
form of construction that conforms to the Code rules.
The Committee meets regularly to consider revisions of the rules, new rules as dictated by technological development,
Code Cases, and requests for interpretations. Only the Committee has the authority to provide official interpretations of
this Code. Requests for revisions, new rules, Code Cases, or interpretations shall be addressed to the Secretary in writing
and shall give full particulars in order to receive consideration and action (see Submittal of Technical Inquiries to the
Boiler and Pressure Vessel Standards Committees). Proposed revisions to the Code resulting from inquiries will be pre-
sented to the Committee for appropriate action. The action of the Committee becomes effective only after confirmation
by ballot of the Committee and approval by ASME. Proposed revisions to the Code approved by the Committee are sub-
mitted to the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) and published at http://go.asme.org/BPVCPublicReview to
invite comments from all interested persons. After public review and final approval by ASME, revisions are published at
regular intervals in Editions of the Code.
The Committee does not rule on whether a component shall or shall not be constructed to the provisions of the Code.
The scope of each Section has been established to identify the components and parameters considered by the Committee
in formulating the Code rules.
Questions or issues regarding compliance of a specific component with the Code rules are to be directed to the ASME
Certificate Holder (Manufacturer). Inquiries concerning the interpretation of the Code are to be directed to the Commit-
tee. ASME is to be notified should questions arise concerning improper use of the ASME Single Certification Mark.
When required by context in this Section, the singular shall be interpreted as the plural, and vice versa, and the fem-
inine, masculine, or neuter gender shall be treated as such other gender as appropriate.
The words “shall,” “should,” and “may” are used in this Standard as follows:
– Shall is used to denote a requirement.
– Should is used to denote a recommendation.
– May is used to denote permission, neither a requirement nor a recommendation.

xxix
 STATEMENT OF POLICY ON THE USE OF THE ASME SINGLE
CERTIFICATION MARK AND CODE AUTHORIZATION IN
ADVERTISING

ASME has established procedures to authorize qualified organizations to perform various activities in accordance
with the requirements of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code. It is the aim of the Society to provide recognition
of organizations so authorized. An organization holding authorization to perform various activities in accordance with
the requirements of the Code may state this capability in its advertising literature.
Organizations that are authorized to use the ASME Single Certification Mark for marking items or constructions that
have been constructed and inspected in compliance with the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code are issued Certifi-
cates of Authorization. It is the aim of the Society to maintain the standing of the ASME Single Certification Mark for the
benefit of the users, the enforcement jurisdictions, and the holders of the ASME Single Certification Mark who comply
with all requirements.
Based on these objectives, the following policy has been established on the usage in advertising of facsimiles of the
ASME Single Certification Mark, Certificates of Authorization, and reference to Code construction. The American Society
of Mechanical Engineers does not “approve,” “certify,” “rate,” or “endorse” any item, construction, or activity and there
shall be no statements or implications that might so indicate. An organization holding the ASME Single Certification Mark
and/or a Certificate of Authorization may state in advertising literature that items, constructions, or activities “are built
(produced or performed) or activities conducted in accordance with the requirements of the ASME Boiler and Pressure
Vessel Code,” or “meet the requirements of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code.”An ASME corporate logo shall not
be used by any organization other than ASME.
The ASME Single Certification Mark shall be used only for stamping and nameplates as specifically provided in the
Code. However, facsimiles may be used for the purpose of fostering the use of such construction. Such usage may be
by an association or a society, or by a holder of the ASME Single Certification Mark who may also use the facsimile
in advertising to show that clearly specified items will carry the ASME Single Certification Mark.

STATEMENT OF POLICY ON THE USE OF ASME MARKING TO

IDENTIFY MANUFACTURED ITEMS

The ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code provides rules for the construction of boilers, pressure vessels, and nuclear
components. This includes requirements for materials, design, fabrication, examination, inspection, and stamping. Items
constructed in accordance with all of the applicable rules of the Code are identified with the ASME Single Certification
Mark described in the governing Section of the Code.
Markings such as “ASME,” “ASME Standard,” or any other marking including “ASME” or the ASME Single Certification
Mark shall not be used on any item that is not constructed in accordance with all of the applicable requirements of the
Code.
Items shall not be described on ASME Data Report Forms nor on similar forms referring to ASME that tend to imply
that all Code requirements have been met when, in fact, they have not been. Data Report Forms covering items not fully
complying with ASME requirements should not refer to ASME or they should clearly identify all exceptions to the ASME
requirements.

xxx
 PERSONNEL ð23Þ

ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Standards Committees,

Subgroups, and Working Groups
January 1, 2023

TECHNICAL OVERSIGHT MANAGEMENT COMMITTEE (TOMC) ADMINISTRATIVE COMMITTEE

R. E. McLaughlin, Chair W. M. Lundy R. E. McLaughlin, Chair M. J. Pischke
N. A. Finney, Vice Chair D. I. Morris N. A. Finney, Vice Chair M. D. Rana
S. J. Rossi, Staff Secretary T. P. Pastor S. J. Rossi, Staff Secretary
S. C. Roberts
G. Aurioles, Sr. M. D. Rana J. Cameron
R. R. Stevenson
R. W. Barnes S. C. Roberts R. B. Keating
T. L. Bedeaux B. Linnemann R. W. Swayne
F. J. Schaaf, Jr.
C. Brown B. K. Nutter M. Wadkinson
G. Scribner
D. B. DeMichael
W. J. Sperko
R. P. Deubler
D. Srnic
J. G. Feldstein
G. W. Galanes R. W. Swayne
J. A. Hall J. Vattappilly
T. E. Hansen M. Wadkinson MARINE CONFERENCE GROUP
G. W. Hembree B. K. Nutter, Ex-Officio Member
R. B. Keating M. J. Pischke, Ex-Officio Member J. Oh, Staff Secretary H. N. Patel
B. Linnemann J. F. Henry, Honorary Member J. G. Hungerbuhler, Jr. N. Prokopuk
G. Nair J. D. Reynolds

Subgroup on Research and Development (TOMC)

S. C. Roberts, Chair R. B. Keating
S. J. Rossi, Staff Secretary R. E. McLaughlin
R. W. Barnes T. P. Pastor CONFERENCE COMMITTEE
N. A. Finney D. Andrei, Contributing Member
W. Hoffelner R. D. Troutt — Texas, Chair J. LeSage, Jr. — Louisiana
J. T. Amato — Ohio, Secretary A. M. Lorimor — South Dakota
W. Anderson — Mississippi M. Mailman — Northwest
Subgroup on Strategic Initiatives (TOMC) R. Becker — Colorado Territories, Canada
T. D. Boggs — Missouri W. McGivney — City of New York,
N. A. Finney, Chair M. H. Jawad R. A. Boillard — Indiana New York
S. J. Rossi, Staff Secretary R. B. Keating D. P. Brockerville — S. F. Noonan — Maryland
R. W. Barnes R. E. McLaughlin Newfoundland and Labrador, C. L. O’Guin — Tennessee
T. L. Bedeaux T. P. Pastor Canada B. S. Oliver — New Hampshire
G. W. Hembree S. C. Roberts R. J. Bunte — Iowa J. L. Oliver — Nevada
J. H. Burpee — Maine P. B. Polick — Illinois
M. Carlson — Washington J. F. Porcella — West Virginia
Task Group on Remote Inspection and Examination (SI-TOMC) T. G. Clark — Oregon B. Ricks — Montana
B. J. Crawford — Georgia
S. C. Roberts, Chair M. Tannenbaum W. J. Ross — Pennsylvania
E. L. Creaser — New Brunswick,
P. J. Coco J. Cameron, Alternate M. H. Sansone — New York
Canada
N. A. Finney A. Byk, Contributing Member T. S. Seime — North Dakota
J. J. Dacanay — Hawaii
S. A. Marks J. Pang, Contributing Member C. S. Selinger — Saskatchewan,
R. Rockwood S. J. Rossi, Contributing Member R. DeLury — Manitoba, Canada
Canada
C. Stevens C. A. Sanna, Contributing Member A. Denham — Michigan
J. E. Sharier — Ohio
C. Dinic — Ontario, Canada
D. A. Ehler — Nova Scotia, Canada R. Spiker — North Carolina
S. D. Frazier — Washington D. Srnic — Alberta, Canada
Special Working Group on High Temperature Technology (TOMC) D. J. Stenrose — Michigan
T. J. Granneman II — Oklahoma
D. Dewees, Chair B. F. Hantz S. Harder — Arizona R. J. Stimson II — Kansas
F. W. Brust R. I. Jetter M. L. Jordan — Kentucky R. K. Sturm — Utah
T. D. Burchell P. Smith R. Kamboj — British Columbia, D. K. Sullivan — Arkansas
P. R. Donavin Canada J. Taveras — Rhode Island
E. Kawa — Massachusetts G. Teel — California
A. Khssassi — Quebec, Canada D. M. Warburton — Florida
D. Kinney — North Carolina M. Washington — New Jersey
K. S. Lane — Alaska E. Wiggins — Alabama

xxxi
 INTERNATIONAL INTEREST REVIEW GROUP Subgroup on General Requirements and Piping (BPV I)
V. Felix C. Minu D. E. Tompkins, Chair B. J. Mollitor
Y.-G. Kim Y.-W. Park M. Wadkinson, Vice Chair Y. Oishi
S. H. Leong A. R. Reynaga Nogales M. Lemmons, Secretary E. M. Ortman
W. Lin P. Williamson R. Antoniuk
D. E. Tuttle
O. F. Manafa T. E. Hansen
M. Ishikawa J. Vattappilly
R. E. McLaughlin R. V. Wielgoszinski
L. Moedinger W. L. Lowry, Contributing Member

COMMITTEE ON POWER BOILERS (BPV I)

R. E. McLaughlin, Chair M. Wadkinson
E. M. Ortman, Vice Chair R. V. Wielgoszinski Subgroup on Locomotive Boilers (BPV I)
U. D’Urso, Staff Secretary F. Zeller
D. I. Anderson H. Michael, Delegate J. R. Braun, Chair S. A. Lee
J. L. Arnold D. L. Berger, Honorary Member S. M. Butler, Secretary L. Moedinger
K. K. Coleman G. W. Galanes G. M. Ray
P. D. Edwards, Honorary Member
J. G. Feldstein D. W. Griner M. W. Westland
D. N. French, Honorary Member
S. Fincher M. A. Janssen
J. Hainsworth, Honorary Member
G. W. Galanes
J. F. Henry, Honorary Member
T. E. Hansen
W. L. Lowry, Honorary Member
J. S. Hunter
J. R. MacKay, Honorary Member
M. Ishikawa
M. Lemmons P. A. Molvie, Honorary Member Subgroup on Materials (BPV I)
L. Moedinger J. T. Pillow, Honorary Member
B. W. Roberts, Honorary Member K. K. Coleman, Chair L. S. Nicol
Y. Oishi
K. Hayes, Vice Chair M. Ortolani
M. Ortolani R. D. Schueler, Jr., Honorary
M. Lewis, Secretary
A. Spangenberg Member D. W. Rahoi
S. H. Bowes
D. E. Tompkins J. M. Tanzosh, Honorary Member F. Zeller
G. W. Galanes
D. E. Tuttle R. L. Williams, Honorary Member B. W. Roberts, Contributing
P. F. Gilston
J. Vattappilly L. W. Yoder, Honorary Member Member
J. S. Hunter
E. Liebl J. M. Tanzosh, Contributing
F. Masuyama Member

Executive Committee (BPV I)

E. M. Ortman, Chair U. D’Urso
R. E. McLaughlin, Vice Chair Subgroup on Solar Boilers (BPV I)
P. F. Gilston
D. I. Anderson K. Hayes P. Jennings, Chair J. S. Hunter
J. L. Arnold R. E. Hearne, Secretary P. Swarnkar
P. Jennings
J. R. Braun S. Fincher
K. K. Coleman A. Spangenberg
H. Dalal D. E. Tompkins
T. Dhanraj M. Wadkinson

Task Group on Modernization (BPV I)

D. I. Anderson, Chair T. E. Hansen
Subgroup on Design (BPV I) U. D’Urso, Staff Secretary R. E. McLaughlin
J. L. Arnold
D. I. Anderson, Chair N. S. Ranck E. M. Ortman
D. Dewees
L. S. Tsai, Secretary J. Vattappilly G. W. Galanes D. E. Tuttle
P. Becker M. Wadkinson J. P. Glaspie J. Vattappilly
L. Krupp D. Dewees, Contributing Member
C. T. McDaris J. P. Glaspie, Contributing Member

Germany International Working Group (BPV I)

A. Spangenberg, Chair R. A. Meyers
Subgroup on Fabrication and Examination (BPV I)
P. Chavdarov, Secretary H. Michael
J. L. Arnold, Chair P. Jennings B. Daume F. Miunske
P. F. Gilston, Vice Chair M. Lewis J. Fleischfresser M. Sykora
P. Becker, Secretary C. T. McDaris C. Jaekel R. Helmholdt, Contributing
K. K. Coleman R. E. McLaughlin R. Kauer Member
S. Fincher R. J. Newell D. Koelbl J. Henrichsmeyer, Contributing
G. W. Galanes Y. Oishi S. Krebs Member
T. E. Hansen R. V. Wielgoszinski T. Ludwig B. Müller, Contributing Member

xxxii
 India International Working Group (BPV I) Subgroup on International Material Specifications (BPV II)
H. Dalal, Chair S. Purkait M. Ishikawa, Chair F. Zeller
T. Dhanraj, Vice Chair M. G. Rao P. Chavdarov, Vice Chair C. Zhou
K. Thanupillai, Secretary G. U. Shanker A. Chaudouet
O. Oldani, Delegate
P. Brahma D. K. Shrivastava H. Chen
H. Lorenz, Contributing Member
S. Chakrabarti K. Singha A. F. Garbolevsky
A. Hantodkar R. Sundararaj D. O. Henry T. F. Miskell, Contributing Member
A. J. Patil S. Venkataramana W. M. Lundy E. Upitis, Contributing Member

COMMITTEE ON MATERIALS (BPV II) Subgroup on Nonferrous Alloys (BPV II)

J. Cameron, Chair D. W. Rahoi E. Shapiro, Chair J. A. McMaster
G. W. Galanes, Vice Chair W. Ren W. MacDonald, Vice Chair D. W. Rahoi
C. E. Rodrigues, Staff Secretary E. Shapiro J. Robertson, Secretary W. Ren
A. Appleton R. C. Sutherlin R. M. Beldyk R. C. Sutherlin
P. Chavdarov F. Zeller J. M. Downs R. Wright
K. K. Coleman O. Oldani, Delegate J. F. Grubb S. Yem
D. W. Gandy J. A. Hall D. B. Denis, Contributing Member
A. Chaudouet, Contributing
J. F. Grubb D. Maitra D. T. Peters, Contributing Member
Member
J. A. Hall
J. D. Fritz, Contributing Member
D. O. Henry
W. Hoffelner, Contributing Member
K. M. Hottle
M. Ishikawa K. E. Orie, Contributing Member
Subgroup on Physical Properties (BPV II)
K. Kimura D. T. Peters, Contributing Member
M. Kowalczyk B. W. Roberts, Contributing P. K. Rai, Chair R. D. Jones
D. L. Kurle Member S. Neilsen, Vice Chair P. K. Lam
F. Masuyama J. M. Tanzosh, Contributing G. Aurioles, Sr. D. W. Rahoi
S. Neilsen Member D. Chandiramani
E. Shapiro
L. S. Nicol E. Upitis, Contributing Member P. Chavdarov
H. Eshraghi D. K. Verma
M. Ortolani R. G. Young, Contributing Member
J. F. Grubb S. Yem
B. F. Hantz D. B. Denis, Contributing Member

Executive Committee (BPV II)

J. Cameron, Chair W. Hoffelner Subgroup on Strength, Ferrous Alloys (BPV II)
C. E. Rodrigues, Staff Secretary M. Ishikawa
A. Appleton M. Ortolani, Chair M. Osterfoss
M. Ortolani L. S. Nicol, Secretary D. W. Rahoi
K. K. Coleman
P. K. Rai G. W. Galanes S. Rosinski
G. W. Galanes
J. F. Grubb J. Robertson J. A. Hall M. Ueyama
S. Guzey E. Shapiro M. Ishikawa F. Zeller
S. W. Knowles F. Abe, Contributing Member
F. Masuyama R. G. Young, Contributing Member

Subgroup on External Pressure (BPV II)

S. Guzey, Chair M. H. Jawad Subgroup on Strength of Weldments (BPV II & BPV IX)
E. Alexis, Vice Chair S. Krishnamurthy
J. A. A. Morrow, Secretary K. K. Coleman, Chair J. Penso
D. L. Kurle
L. F. Campbell K. L. Hayes, Vice Chair D. W. Rahoi
R. W. Mikitka S. H. Bowes, Secretary W. J. Sperko
H. Chen
D. S. Griffin P. K. Rai M. Denault J. P. Swezy, Jr.
J. F. Grubb M. Wadkinson G. W. Galanes M. Ueyama
D. W. Gandy P. D. Flenner, Contributing Member
M. Ghahremani B. W. Roberts, Contributing
W. F. Newell, Jr. Member
Subgroup on Ferrous Specifications (BPV II)
A. Appleton, Chair S. G. Lee
K. M. Hottle, Vice Chair W. C. Mack Working Group on Materials Database (BPV II)
C. Hyde, Secretary J. Nickel
D. Amire-Brahimi K. E. Orie W. Hoffelner, Chair J. Cameron, Contributing Member
G. Cuccio C. E. Rodrigues, Staff Secretary J. F. Grubb, Contributing Member
D. Poweleit
O. Elkadim F. Abe D. T. Peters, Contributing Member
D. Fialkowski E. Upitis W. MacDonald W. Ren, Contributing Member
J. F. Grubb L. Watzke R. C. Sutherlin B. W. Roberts, Contributing
D. S. Janikowski J. D. Fritz, Contributing Member D. Andrei, Contributing Member Member
Y.-J. Kim C. Meloy, Contributing Member J. L. Arnold, Contributing Member E. Shapiro, Contributing Member

xxxiii
Working Group on Creep Strength Enhanced Ferritic Steels (BPV II) Executive Committee (BPV III)
M. Ortolani, Chair W. F. Newell, Jr. R. B. Keating, Chair K. A. Manoly
G. W. Galanes, Vice Chair J. J. Sanchez-Hanton A. Maslowski, Secretary D. E. Matthews
P. Becker, Secretary J. A. Siefert T. M. Adams S. McKillop
S. H. Bowes P. R. Donavin J. McLean
W. J. Sperko
K. K. Coleman J. V. Gardiner T.-L. Sham
F. Zeller
K. Kimura J. Grimm W. K. Sowder, Jr.
M. Lang F. Abe, Contributing Member D. W. Lewis K. A. Kavanagh, Alternate
S. Luke P. D. Flenner, Contributing Member
F. Masuyama J. M. Tanzosh, Contributing
T. Melfi Member

Argentina International Working Group (BPV III)

Working Group on Data Analysis (BPV II)
M. F. Liendo, Chair A. J. Dall’Osto
J. F. Grubb, Chair F. Abe, Contributing Member J. Fernández, Vice Chair J. I. Duo
W. Ren, Vice Chair W. Hoffelner, Contributing Member O. Martinez, Staff Secretary M. M. Gamizo
K. Kimura O. A. Verastegui, Secretary I. M. Guerreiro
W. C. Mack, Contributing Member
F. Masuyama E. H. Aldaz
D. T. Peters, Contributing Member I. A. Knorr
S. Neilsen G. O. Anteri
D. E. Matthews
M. Ortolani B. W. Roberts, Contributing A. P. Antipasti
A. E. Pastor
M. J. Swindeman Member D. O. Bordato
G. Bourguigne M. Rivero
M. Brusa M. D. Vigliano
A. Claus P. Yamamoto
R. G. Cocco M. Zunino
China International Working Group (BPV II)
T. Xu, Secretary S. Tan
W. Cai C. Wang
W. Fang Jinguang Wang
Q. C. Feng Jiongxiang Wang
S. Huo Q.-J. Wang
China International Working Group (BPV III)
F. Kong X. Wang
H. Leng H.-C. Yang Y. Wang, Chair C. Peiyin
Hli Li J. Yang H. Yu, Secretary Z. Sun
Hongbin Li L. Yin L. Feng G. Tang
J. Li H. Zhang J. Gu L. Ting
S. Liu X.-H. Zhang L. Guo F. Wu
Z. Rongcan Y. Zhang C. Jiang C. Yang
D. Kang
P. Yang
Y. Li
W. Yang
H. Lin
H. Yin
S. Liu
COMMITTEE ON CONSTRUCTION OF NUCLEAR FACILITY W. Liu D. Yuangang
COMPONENTS (BPV III) J. Ma G. Zhang
K. Mao D. Zhao
R. B. Keating, Chair K. Matsunaga
T. M. Adams, Vice Chair B. McGlone D. E. Matthews Z. Zhong
D. E. Matthews, Vice Chair S. McKillop J. Ming Q. Zhou
A. Maslowski, Staff Secretary J. McLean W. Pei H. Zhu
A. Appleton J. C. Minichiello
S. Asada M. N. Mitchell
R. W. Barnes T. Nagata
W. H. Borter J. B. Ossmann
M. E. Cohen S. Pellet
R. P. Deubler E. L. Pleins
Germany International Working Group (BPV III)
P. R. Donavin T.-L. Sham
A. C. Eberhardt W. J. Sperko J. Wendt, Chair C. Kuschke
J. V. Gardiner W. Windes D. Koelbl, Vice Chair H.-W. Lange
J. Grimm C. Basavaraju, Alternate R. Gersinska, Secretary T. Ludwig
S. Hunter C. T. Smith, Contributing Member P. R. Donavin X. Pitoiset
R. M. Jessee W. K. Sowder, Jr., Contributing R. Döring M. Reichert
R. I. Jetter Member C. G. Frantescu G. Roos
C. C. Kim M. Zhou, Contributing Member A. Huber J. Rudolph
G. H. Koo E. B. Branch, Honorary Member R. E. Hueggenberg L. Sybertz
D. W. Lewis G. D. Cooper, Honorary Member C. Huttner I. Tewes
M. A. Lockwood D. F. Landers, Honorary Member E. Iacopetta R. Tiete
K. A. Manoly C. Pieper, Honorary Member M. H. Koeppen F. Wille

xxxiv
 India International Working Group (BPV III) United Kingdom International Working Group
(BPV III)
R. N. Sen, Chair R. Kumar
S. B. Parkash, Vice Chair S. Kumar C. D. Bell, Chair G. Innes
A. D. Bagdare, Secretary M. Lakshminarasimhan P. M. James, Vice Chair S. A. Jones
S. Aithal T. Mukherjee C. B. Carpenter, Secretary B. Pellereau
S. Benhur D. Narain T. M. Adams
C. R. Schneider
N. M. Borwankar A. D. Paranjpe T. Bann
J. W. Stairmand
M. Brijlani J. R. Patel M. J. Chevalier
H. Dalal E. L. Pleins A. J. Cole-Baker J. Sulley
S. K. Goyal T. J. P. Rao M. Consonni J. Talamantes-Silva
A. Johori V. Sehgal M. J. Crathorne A. J. Holt, Contributing Member
A. P. Kishore S. Singh
D. Kulkarni B. K. Sreedhar

Special Working Group on New Plant Construction Issues (BPV III)

J. B. Ossmann, Chair R. E. McLaughlin
A. Maslowski, Staff Secretary E. L. Pleins
Korea International Working Group (BPV III) M. C. Buckley, Secretary D. W. Sandusky
M. Arcaro M. C. Scott
G. H. Koo, Chair Y.-S. Kim A. Cardillo R. R. Stevenson
O.-S. Kim, Secretary D. Kwon P. J. Coco H. Xu
H. Ahn B. Lee K. Harris J. Yan
S. Cho D. Lee J. Honcharik J. C. Minichiello, Contributing
G.-S. Choi S. Lee M. Kris Member
M.-J. Choi S.-G. Lee
S. Choi H. Lim
J. Y. Hong I.-K. Nam
N.-S. Huh C.-K. Oh
J.-K. Hwang C.-Y. Oh Special Working Group on Editing and Review (BPV III)
S. S. Hwang E.-J. Oh
C. Jang C. Park D. E. Matthews, Chair S. Hunter
I. I. Jeong H. Park R. P. Deubler J. C. Minichiello
S. H. Kang Y. S. Pyun A. C. Eberhardt J. F. Strunk
J.-I. Kim T. Shin J. V. Gardiner C. Wilson
J.-S. Kim S. Song
M.-W. Kim W. J. Sperko
S.-S. Kim J. S. Yang
Y.-B. Kim O. Yoo
Special Working Group on HDPE Stakeholders (BPV III)
S. Patterson, Secretary D. P. Munson
S. Choi T. M. Musto
C. M. Faidy J. E. O’Sullivan
M. Golliet
V. Rohatgi
Seismic Design Steering Committee (BPV III) R. M. Jessee
F. J. Schaaf, Jr.
J. Johnston, Jr.
T. M. Adams, Chair G. H. Koo M. Kuntz R. Stakenborghs
F. G. Abatt, Secretary A. Maekawa M. Lashley M. Troughton
G. A. Antaki K. Matsunaga K. A. Manoly B. Lin, Alternate
C. Basavaraju J. McLean
D. Chowdhury R. M. Pace
R. Döring D. Watkins

Special Working Group on Honors and Awards (BPV III)

J. C. Minichiello, Chair R. M. Jessee
A. Appleton D. E. Matthews
R. W. Barnes
Task Group on Alternate Requirements (BPV III)
J. Wen, Chair D. E. Matthews
R. R. Romano, Secretary S. McKillop
P. J. Coco B. P. Nolan Special Working Group on International Meetings and IWG Liaisons
P. R. Donavin
J. B. Ossmann (BPV III)
J. V. Gardiner
E. C. Renaud
J. Grimm D. E. Matthews, Chair P. R. Donavin
R. S. Hill III M. A. Richter A. Maslowski, Staff Secretary E. L. Pleins
M. Kris I. H. Tseng T. M. Adams W. J. Sperko
M. A. Lockwood Y. Wang R. W. Barnes

xxxv
 Joint ACI-ASME Committee on Concrete Components for Nuclear Subcommittee on Design (BPV III)
Service (BPV III)
P. R. Donavin, Chair B. Pellereau
J. McLean, Chair G. Thomas S. McKillop, Vice Chair T.-L. Sham
L. J. Colarusso, Vice Chair A. Varma R. P. Deubler W. F. Weitze
J. Cassamassino, Staff Secretary S. Wang M. A. Gray C. Basavaraju, Alternate
A. Dinizulu, Staff Secretary A. Istar, Alternate R. I. Jetter G. L. Hollinger, Contributing
C. J. Bang A. Adediran, Contributing Member R. B. Keating Member
A. C. Eberhardt J.-I. Kim M. H. Jawad, Contributing Member
S. Bae, Contributing Member
B. D. Hovis K. A. Manoly W. J. O’Donnell, Sr., Contributing
J.-B. Domage, Contributing Member
T. C. Inman D. E. Matthews Member
P. S. Ghosal, Contributing Member
C. Jones M. N. Mitchell K. Wright, Contributing Member
T. Kang B. B. Scott, Contributing Member
N.-H. Lee M. R. Senecal, Contributing
J. A. Munshi Member
Subgroup on Component Design (SC-D) (BPV III)
T. Muraki Z. Shang, Contributing Member
J. S. Saini M. Sircar, Contributing Member D. E. Matthews, Chair T. Mitsuhashi
J. F. Strunk C. T. Smith, Contributing Member P. Vock, Vice Chair D. Murphy
S. Pellet, Secretary T. M. Musto
T. M. Adams T. Nagata
D. J. Ammerman G. Z. Tokarski
G. A. Antaki S. Willoughby-Braun
J. J. Arthur C. Wilson
Special Working Group on Modernization (BPV III-2)
S. Asada A. A. Dermenjian, Contributing
S. Wang, Chair A. Varma J. F. Ball Member
J. McLean, Vice Chair F. Lin, Contributing Member C. Basavaraju P. Hirschberg, Contributing
A. Adediran J. A. Pires, Contributing Member D. Chowdhury Member
S. Malushte I. Zivanovic, Contributing Member N. A. Costanzo R. B. Keating, Contributing Member
J. S. Saini R. P. Deubler O.-S. Kim, Contributing Member
M. Kassar R. J. Masterson, Contributing
D. Keck Member
T. R. Liszkai H. S. Mehta, Contributing Member
K. A. Manoly I. Saito, Contributing Member
Task Group on Steel-Concrete Composite Containments (BPV III-2) J. C. Minichiello J. P. Tucker, Contributing Member

A. Varma, Chair J. A. Pires

S. Malushte J. S. Saini
Task Group to Improve Section III/XI Interface (SG-CD) (BPV III)
J. McLean
P. Vock, Chair C. A. Nove
E. Henry, Secretary T. Nuoffer
G. A. Antaki J. B. Ossmann
A. Cardillo
A. T. Roberts III
Working Group on Design (BPV III-2) D. Chowdhury
J. Honcharik J. Sciulli
N.-H. Lee, Chair G. Thomas J. Hurst A. Udyawar
S. Wang, Vice Chair A. Istar, Alternate J. Lambin S. Willoughby-Braun
M. Allam P. S. Ghosal, Contributing Member
S. Bae S.-Y. Kim, Contributing Member
L. J. Colarusso
J. Kwon, Contributing Member Working Group on Core Support Structures (SG-CD) (BPV III)
A. C. Eberhardt
S. E. Ohler-Schmitz, Contributing
B. D. Hovis D. Keck, Chair M. D. Snyder
Member
T. C. Inman R. Z. Ziegler, Vice Chair R. Vollmer
C. Jones B. B. Scott, Contributing Member R. Martin, Secretary
Z. Shang, Contributing Member T. M. Wiger
J. A. Munshi G. W. Delport
M. Shin, Contributing Member C. Wilson
T. Muraki L. C. Hartless
J. S. Saini M. Sircar, Contributing Member T. R. Liszkai Y. Wong
M. Nakajima H. S. Mehta, Contributing Member

Working Group on Design of Division 3 Containment Systems

Working Group on Materials, Fabrication, and Examination (SG-CD) (BPV III)
(BPV III-2)
D. J. Ammerman, Chair D. Siromani
C. Jones, Chair Z. Shang S. Klein, Secretary R. Sypulski
A. Eberhardt, Vice Chair J. F. Strunk G. Bjorkman
X. Zhai
C. J. Bang A. A. Aboelmagd, Contributing V. Broz
X. Zhang
B. Birch Member D. W. Lewis
J.-B. Domage P. S. Ghosal, Contributing Member J. M. Piotter C. R. Sydnor, Alternate
T. Kang B. B. Scott, Contributing Member A. Rigato J. C. Minichiello, Contributing
N.-H. Lee I. Zivanovic, Contributing Member P. Sakalaukus, Jr. Member

xxxvi
Working Group on HDPE Design of Components (SG-CD) (BPV III) Working Group on Valves (SG-CD) (BPV III)
T. M. Musto, Chair K. A. Manoly P. Vock, Chair H. O’Brien
J. B. Ossmann, Secretary D. P. Munson S. Jones, Secretary J. O’Callaghan
M. Brandes F. J. Schaaf, Jr. M. C. Buckley M. Rain
S. Choi R. Stakenborghs A. Cardillo K. E. Reid II
J. R. Hebeisen M. T. Audrain, Alternate G. A. Jolly J. Sulley
P. Krishnaswamy J. C. Minichiello, Contributing J. Lambin I. H. Tseng
M. Kuntz Member T. Lippucci J. P. Tucker
C. A. Mizer Y. Wong, Alternate

Working Group on Piping (SG-CD) (BPV III)

G. A. Antaki, Chair K. E. Reid II
G. Z. Tokarski, Secretary D. Vlaicu
C. Basavaraju S. Weindorf
J. Catalano T. M. Adams, Contributing Member
F. Claeys R. B. Keating, Contributing Member
C. M. Faidy Working Group on Vessels (SG-CD) (BPV III)
T. B. Littleton, Contributing
R. G. Gilada Member D. Murphy, Chair T. J. Schriefer
N. M. Graham S. Willoughby-Braun, Secretary M. C. Scott
Y. Liu, Contributing Member
M. A. Gray J. J. Arthur P. K. Shah
J. F. McCabe, Contributing Member
R. J. Gurdal C. Basavaraju D. Vlaicu
R. W. Haupt J. C. Minichiello, Contributing
Member M. Brijlani C. Wilson
A. Hirano L. Constantinescu R. Z. Ziegler
P. Hirschberg A. N. Nguyen, Contributing Member
J. I. Kim R. J. Huang, Alternate
M. Kassar M. S. Sills, Contributing Member
O.-S. Kim B. Basu, Contributing Member
J. Kawahata N. C. Sutherland, Contributing D. E. Matthews R. B. Keating, Contributing Member
D. Lieb Member T. Mitsuhashi W. F. Weitze, Contributing Member
I.-K. Nam E. A. Wais, Contributing Member
J. O’Callaghan C.-I. Wu, Contributing Member

Working Group on Pressure Relief (SG-CD) (BPV III)

K. R. May, Chair I. H. Tseng
R. Krithivasan, Secretary B. J. Yonsky
M. Brown Subgroup on Design Methods (SC-D) (BPV III)
Y. Wong, Alternate
J. W. Dickson
J. Yu, Alternate S. McKillop, Chair P. Smith
S. Jones
S. T. French, Contributing Member P. R. Donavin, Vice Chair R. Vollmer
R. Lack
D. B. Ross, Contributing Member J. Wen, Secretary W. F. Weitze
D. Miller
K. Avrithi T. M. Adams, Contributing Member
T. Patel S. Ruesenberg, Contributing
L. Davies
K. Shores Member C. W. Bruny, Contributing Member
M. A. Gray
J. V. Gregg, Jr. S. R. Gosselin, Contributing
K. Hsu Member
R. Kalnas H. T. Harrison III, Contributing
Working Group on Pumps (SG-CD) (BPV III) D. Keck Member
D. Chowdhury, Chair K. B. Wilson J. I. Kim W. J. O’Donnell, Sr., Contributing
J. V. Gregg, Jr., Secretary B. Pellereau Member
Y. Wong
B. Busse W. D. Reinhardt K. Wright, Contributing Member
I. H. Tseng, Alternate
M. D. Eftychiou
X. Di, Contributing Member
R. A. Fleming
K. J. Noel C. Gabhart, Contributing Member
J. Sulley R. Ladefian, Contributing Member

Working Group on Supports (SG-CD) (BPV III)

Special Working Group on Computational Modeling for Explicit
N. A. Costanzo, Chair G. Thomas
Dynamics (SG-DM) (BPV III)
U. S. Bandyopadhyay, Secretary G. Z. Tokarski
K. Avrithi G. Bjorkman, Chair D. Siromani
L. Vandersip
N. M. Bisceglia D. J. Ammerman, Vice Chair C.-F. Tso
P. Wiseman
R. P. Deubler V. Broz, Secretary M. C. Yaksh
N. M. Graham R. J. Masterson, Contributing S. Kuehner U. Zencker
Y. Matsubara Member D. Molitoris X. Zhang
S. Pellet J. R. Stinson, Contributing Member W. D. Reinhardt Y. Wong, Contributing Member

xxxvii
 Working Group on Design Methodology (SG-DM) (BPV III) Subgroup on Containment Systems for Spent Nuclear Fuel and
High-Level Radioactive Material (BPV III)
B. Pellereau, Chair T. M. Wiger
R. Vollmer, Secretary K. Hsu, Alternate D. W. Lewis, Chair R. Sypulski
K. Avrithi G. Banyay, Contributing Member D. J. Ammerman, Vice Chair J. Wellwood
C. Basavaraju D. S. Bartran, Contributing Member S. Klein, Secretary X. J. Zhai
F. Berkepile R. D. Blevins, Contributing Member G. Bjorkman X. Zhang
C. M. Faidy M. R. Breach, Contributing Member V. Broz D. Dunn, Alternate
Y. Gao A. Rigato W. H. Borter, Contributing Member
C. W. Bruny, Contributing Member
M. Kassar P. Sakalaukus, Jr. E. L. Pleins, Contributing Member
D. L. Caldwell, Contributing
J. I. Kim D. Siromani N. M. Simpson, Contributing
Member
T. R. Liszkai D. B. Spencer Member
D. Lytle H. T. Harrison III, Contributing
K. Matsunaga Member
S. McKillop C. F. Heberling II, Contributing
Member Subgroup on Fusion Energy Devices (BPV III)
S. Ranganath
W. D. Reinhardt P. Hirschberg, Contributing W. K. Sowder, Jr., Chair C. J. Lammi
P. K. Shah Member A. Maslowski, Staff Secretary S. Lawler
S. Wang R. B. Keating, Contributing Member M. Ellis, Secretary P. Mokaria
W. F. Weitze A. Walker, Contributing Member M. Bashir D. J. Roszman
J. Wen K. Wright, Contributing Member J. P. Blanchard
F. J. Schaaf, Jr.
T. P. Davis
P. Smith
B. R. Doshi
L. El-Guebaly Y. Song
G. Holtmeier C. Vangaasbeek
Working Group on Environmental Fatigue Evaluation Methods D. Johnson I. J. Zatz
(SG-DM) (BPV III) I. Kimihiro R. W. Barnes, Contributing Member
M. A. Gray, Chair B. Pellereau
W. F. Weitze, Secretary D. Vlaicu
S. Asada K. Wang Special Working Group on Fusion Stakeholders (BPV III-4)
K. Avrithi R. Z. Ziegler
R. C. Cipolla S. Cuvilliez, Contributing Member T. P. Davis, Chair S. C. Middleburgh
T. M. Damiani T. D. Gilman, Contributing Member R. W. Barnes R. J. Pearson
C. M. Faidy S. R. Gosselin, Contributing V. Chugh
W. K. Sowder, Jr.
A. Hirano Member S. S. Desai
D. A. Sutherland
P. Hirschberg Y. He, Contributing Member F. Deschamps
M. Hua N. Young
K. Hsu H. S. Mehta, Contributing Member
J.-S. Park K. Wright, Contributing Member S. Lawler J. Zimmermann

Working Group on General Requirements (BPV III-4)

Working Group on Fatigue Strength (SG-DM) (BPV III) D. J. Roszman, Chair P. Mokaria
M. Ellis W. K. Sowder, Jr.
P. R. Donavin, Chair J. I. Kim
M. S. Shelton, Secretary S. H. Kleinsmith
R. S. Bass B. Pellereau
T. M. Damiani Working Group on In-Vessel Components (BPV III-4)
S. Ranganath
D. W. DeJohn M. Bashir, Chair M. Kalsey
Y. Wang
C. M. Faidy Y. Carin S. T. Madabusi
W. F. Weitze
P. Gill T. P. Davis
Y. Zou
S. R. Gosselin
R. J. Gurdal S. Majumdar, Contributing Member
C. F. Heberling II H. S. Mehta, Contributing Member
C. E. Hinnant W. J. O’Donnell, Sr., Contributing Working Group on Magnets (BPV III-4)
P. Hirschberg Member
W. K. Sowder, Jr., Chair D. S. Bartran
K. Hsu K. Wright, Contributing Member

Working Group on Materials (BPV III-4)

M. Porton, Chair P. Mummery
Working Group on Probabilistic Methods in Design
T. P. Davis
(SG-DM) (BPV III)
M. Golliet, Chair A. Hirano
R. Kalnas, Vice Chair K. A. Manoly
Working Group on Vacuum Vessels (BPV III-4)
K. Avrithi P. J. O’Regan
G. Brouette B. Pellereau I. Kimihiro, Chair D. Johnson
J. Hakii M. Yagodich L. C. Cadwallader Q. Shijun
D. O. Henry R. S. Hill III, Contributing Member B. R. Doshi Y. Song

xxxviii
 Subgroup on General Requirements (BPV III) Subgroup on High Temperature Reactors (BPV III)
J. V. Gardiner, Chair T. N. Rezk T.-L. Sham, Chair A. Mann
N. DeSantis, Secretary J. Rogers Y. Wang, Secretary M. C. Messner
V. Apostolescu R. Spuhl M. Ando X. Wei
A. Appleton D. M. Vickery N. Broom W. Windes
S. Bell F. W. Brust
J. DeKleine, Contributing Member R. Wright
J. R. Berry P. Carter
H. Michael, Contributing Member G. L. Zeng
G. Brouette M. E. Cohen
D. J. Roszman, Contributing D. S. Griffin, Contributing Member
G. C. Deleanu W. J. Geringer
J. W. Highlands Member B. F. Hantz X. Li, Contributing Member
E. V. Imbro C. T. Smith, Contributing Member M. H. Jawad W. O’Donnell, Sr., Contributing
K. A. Kavanagh W. K. Sowder, Jr., Contributing W. T. Jessup Member
Y.-S. Kim Member R. I. Jetter L. Shi, Contributing Member
B. McGlone G. E. Szabatura, Contributing K. Kimura R. W. Swindeman, Contributing
E. C. Renaud Member G. H. Koo Member

Special Working Group on General Requirements Consolidation Special Working Group on High Temperature Reactor Stakeholders
(SG-GR) (BPV III) (SG-HTR) (BPV III)

J. V. Gardiner, Chair E. C. Renaud M. E. Cohen, Chair G. H. Koo

J. Grimm, Vice Chair J. L. Williams M. C. Albert N. J. McTiernan
G. C. Deleanu C. T. Smith, Contributing Member M. Arcaro T. Nguyen
A. C. Eberhardt R. W. Barnes K. J. Noel
N. Broom T.-L. Sham
R. Christensen
B. Song
V. Chugh
X. Wei
W. Corwin
G. C. Deleanu G. L. Zeng
R. A. Fleming T. Asayama, Contributing Member
K. Harris X. Li, Contributing Member
Working Group on General Requirements (SG-GR) (BPV III) R. I. Jetter L. Shi, Contributing Member
Y. W. Kim G. Wu, Contributing Member
B. McGlone, Chair D. T. Meisch
J. Grimm, Secretary E. C. Renaud
V. Apostolescu T. N. Rezk
A. Appleton J. Rogers
S. Bell B. S. Sandhu
J. R. Berry
R. Spuhl
G. Brouette
J. F. Strunk Task Group on Division 5 AM Components (SG-HTR) (BPV III)
P. J. Coco
D. M. Vickery
N. DeSantis R. Wright, Chair M. McMurtrey
Y. Diaz-Castillo J. L. Williams
R. Bass, Secretary M. C. Messner
O. Elkadim J. DeKleine, Contributing Member
M. C. Albert T. Patterson
J. Harris S. F. Harrison, Jr., Contributing
R. W. Barnes E. C. Renaud
J. W. Highlands Member
F. W. Brust D. Rudland
E. V. Imbro D. J. Roszman, Contributing
Z. Feng T.-L. Sham
K. A. Kavanagh Member
S. Lawler I. J. Van Rooyen
Y.-S. Kim G. E. Szabatura, Contributing X. Lou X. Wei
Y. K. Law Member

Working Group on Allowable Stress Criteria (SG-HTR) (BPV III)

Working Group on General Requirements for Graphite and Ceramic
R. Wright, Chair W. Ren
Composite Core Components and Assemblies (SG-GR) (BPV III)
M. McMurtrey, Secretary T.-L. Sham
W. J. Geringer, Chair M. N. Mitchell R. Bass
Y. Wang
A. Appleton J. Potgieter K. Kimura
X. Wei
J. R. Berry E. C. Renaud D. Maitra
C. Cruz R. Spuhl R. J. McReynolds M. Yoo, Alternate
Y. Diaz-Castillo W. Windes M. C. Messner R. W. Swindeman, Contributing
J. Lang B. Lin, Alternate J. C. Poehler Member

xxxix
 Working Group on Analysis Methods (SG-HTR) (BPV III) Subgroup on Materials, Fabrication, and Examination (BPV III)
M. C. Messner, Chair T.-L. Sham J. Grimm, Chair M. Kris
H. Mahajan, Secretary X. Wei S. Hunter, Secretary D. W. Mann
R. W. Barnes S. X. Xu W. H. Borter T. Melfi
J. A. Blanco J. Young M. Brijlani I.-K. Nam
P. Carter M. R. Breach, Contributing Member G. R. Cannell J. B. Ossmann
W. T. Jessup T. Hassan, Contributing Member A. Cardillo J. E. O’Sullivan
R. I. Jetter S. Krishnamurthy, Contributing S. Cho
M. C. Scott
G. H. Koo Member P. J. Coco
W. J. Sperko
H. Qian M. J. Swindeman, Contributing R. H. Davis
J. R. Stinson
T. Riordan Member D. B. Denis
J. F. Strunk
B. D. Frew
D. W. Gandy W. Windes
S. E. Gingrich R. Wright
M. Golliet S. Yee
L. S. Harbison H. Michael, Delegate
R. M. Jessee A. L. Hiser, Jr., Alternate
Working Group on Creep-Fatigue and Negligible Creep C. C. Kim R. W. Barnes, Contributing Member
(SG-HTR) (BPV III)
Y. Wang, Chair M. C. Messner
Task Group on Advanced Manufacturing (BPV III)
M. Ando T. Nguyen
P. Carter J. C. Poehler D. W. Mann, Chair T. Melfi
M. E. Cohen H. Qian D. W. Gandy, Secretary E. C. Renaud
J. I. Duo R. Rajasekaran R. Bass W. J. Sperko
R. I. Jetter T.-L. Sham D. Chowdhury J. F. Strunk
G. H. Koo X. Wei P. J. Coco
J. Sulley
H. Mahajan J. Young B. D. Frew
S. Tate
M. McMurtrey M. Yoo, Alternate J. Grimm
A. L. Hiser, Jr. S. Wolbert
J. Lambin H. Xu
T. Lippucci D. W. Pratt, Alternate
K. Matsunaga S. Malik, Contibuting Member

Working Group on High Temperature Flaw Evaluation Joint Working Group on HDPE (SG-MFE) (BPV III)
(SG-HTR) (BPV III)
M. Brandes, Chair K. Manoly
C. J. Sallaberry, Chair H. Qian T. M. Musto, Chair D. P. Munson
F. W. Brust D. A. Scarth J. B. Ossmannn, Secretary J. O’Sullivan
P. Carter D. J. Shim G. Brouette V. Rohatgi
S. Kalyanam A. Udyawar M. C. Buckley
F. Schaaf, Jr.
B.-L. Lyow X. Wei S. Choi
S. Schuessler
M. C. Messner S. X. Xu M. Golliet
J. C. Poehler M. Yoo, Alternate R. Stakenborghs
J. Hebeisen
J. Johnston, Jr. M. Troughton
P. Krishnaswamy P. Vibien
M. Kuntz J. Wright
B. Lin T. Adams, Contributing Member

Working Group on Nonmetallic Design and Materials COMMITTEE ON HEATING BOILERS (BPV IV)
(SG-HTR) (BPV III)
M. Wadkinson, Chair C. Dinic
W. Windes, Chair J. Parks J. L. Kleiss, Vice Chair J. M. Downs
W. J. Geringer, Vice Chair T.-L. Sham C. R. Ramcharran, Staff Secretary J. A. Hall
J. Potgieter, Secretary A. Tzelepi B. Ahee M. Mengon
G. Beirnaert G. L. Zeng L. Badziagowski D. Nelson
C. Chen M. Yoo, Alternate T. L. Bedeaux H. Michael, Delegate
A. N. Chereskin B. Calderon D. Picart, Delegate
A. Appleton, Contributing Member
V. Chugh J. P. Chicoine P. A. Molvie, Contributing Member
R. W. Barnes, Contributing Member
C. Contescu
N. Gallego A. A. Campbell, Contributing
S. T. Gonczy Member
S.-H. Chi, Contributing Member Executive Committee (BPV IV)
K. Harris
M. G. Jenkins Y. Katoh, Contributing Member M. Wadkinson, Chair J. P. Chicoine
J. Lang A. Mack, Contributing Member C. R. Ramcharran, Staff Secretary J. A. Hall
M. P. Metcalfe J. B. Ossmann, Contributing L. Badziagowski J. L. Kleiss
M. N. Mitchell Member T. L. Bedeaux

xl
 Subgroup on Cast Boilers (BPV IV) Subgroup on General Requirements/Personnel Qualifications and
Inquiries (BPV V)
J. P. Chicoine, Chair J. A. Hall
J. M. Downs, Vice Chair J. L. Kleiss C. Vorwald, Chair K. Krueger
C. R. Ramcharran, Staff Secretary M. Mengon D. Bajula C. May
T. L. Bedeaux N. Carter S. J. Akrin, Contributing Member
P. Chavdarov N. Y. Faransso, Contributing
T. Clausing Member
Subgroup on Materials (BPV IV) C. Emslander J. F. Halley, Contributing Member
N. A. Finney D. I. Morris, Contributing Member
J. A. Hall, Chair T. L. Bedeaux G. W. Hembree J. P. Swezy, Jr., Contributing
J. M. Downs, Vice Chair Y. Teng F. B. Kovacs Member
C. R. Ramcharran, Staff Secretary M. Wadkinson
L. Badziagowski

Project Team on Assisted Analysis (BPV V)

Subgroup on Water Heaters (BPV IV) K. Hayes, Chair C. Hansen
J. Aldrin G. W. Hembree
J. L. Kleiss, Chair B. J. Iske
J. Chen R. S. F. Orozco
L. Badziagowski, Vice Chair M. Mengon N. A. Finney E. Peloquin
C. R. Ramcharran, Staff Secretary
Y. Teng V. F. Godinez-Azcuaga T. Thulien
B. Ahee
J. P. Chicoine T. E. Trant
C. Dinic P. A. Molvie, Contributing Member
Subgroup on Volumetric Methods (BPV V)
C. May, Chair E. Peloquin
Subgroup on Welded Boilers (BPV IV)
P. T. Hayes, Vice Chair C. Vorwald
T. L. Bedeaux, Chair J. L. Kleiss D. Adkins S. J. Akrin, Contributing Member
C. R. Ramcharran, Staff Secretary M. Mengon P. L. Brown
N. Y. Faransso, Contributing
B. Ahee N. A. Finney
M. Wadkinson Member
L. Badziagowski A. F. Garbolevsky
M. J. Melita, Alternate J. F. Halley, Contributing Member
B. Calderon R. W. Hardy
J. P. Chicoine D. Nelson, Alternate G. W. Hembree R. W. Kruzic, Contributing Member
C. Dinic P. A. Molvie, Contributing Member F. B. Kovacs L. E. Mullins, Contributing Member
K. Krueger F. J. Sattler, Contributing Member

Europe International Working Group (BPV IV)

L. Badziagowski, Chair E. Van Bruggen Working Group on Radiography (SG-VM) (BPV V)
D. Picart, Vice Chair G. Vicchi
C. Vorwald, Chair C. May
R. Lozny A. Alessandrini, Alternate
D. M. Woodward, Vice Chair R. J. Mills
J. Anderson J. F. Molinaro
P. L. Brown T. Vidimos
COMMITTEE ON NONDESTRUCTIVE EXAMINATION (BPV V) C. Emslander
B. White
A. F. Garbolevsky
N. A. Finney, Chair B. D. Laite S. J. Akrin, Contributing Member
R. W. Hardy
C. May, Vice Chair P. B. Shaw T. L. Clifford, Contributing Member
G. W. Hembree
C. R. Ramcharran, Staff Secretary C. Vorwald N. Y. Faransso, Contributing
F. B. Kovacs
D. Bajula S. J. Akrin, Contributing Member
B. D. Laite Member
P. L. Brown J. E. Batey, Contributing Member
T. R. Lerohl R. W. Kruzic, Contributing Member
M. A. Burns A. S. Birks, Contributing Member
N. Carter N. Y. Faransso, Contributing
T. Clausing Member
C. Emslander J. F. Halley, Contributing Member Working Group on Ultrasonics (SG-VM) (BPV V)
A. F. Garbolevsky R. W. Kruzic, Contributing Member
P. T. Hayes L. E. Mullins, Contributing Member K. Krueger, Chair D. Van Allen
G. W. Hembree F. J. Sattler, Contributing Member D. Bajula, Vice Chair J. Vinyard
F. B. Kovacs H. C. Graber, Honorary Member D. Adkins C. Vorwald
K. Krueger T. G. McCarty, Honorary Member C. Brown C. Wassink
C. Emslander N. Y. Faransso, Contributing
N. A. Finney Member
P. T. Hayes
Executive Committee (BPV V) J. F. Halley, Contributing Member
G. W. Hembree
R. W. Kruzic, Contributing Member
C. May, Chair G. W. Hembree B. D. Laite
N. A. Finney, Vice Chair T. R. Lerohl P. Mudge, Contributing Member
F. B. Kovacs
C. R. Ramcharran, Staff Secretary C. May L. E. Mullins, Contributing Member
K. Krueger M. J. Quarry, Contributing Member
N. Carter E. Peloquin
V. F. Godinez-Azcuaga E. Peloquin J. Schoneweis F. J. Sattler, Contributing Member
P. T. Hayes C. Vorwald D. Tompkins J. Vanvelsor, Contributing Member

xli
 Working Group on Acoustic Emissions (SG-VM) (BPV V) India International Working Group (BPV V)
V. F. Godinez-Azcuaga, Chair R. K. Miller P. Kumar, Chair G. R. Joshi
J. Catty, Vice Chair N. Y. Faransso, Contributing A. V. Bhagwat A. Relekar
S. R. Doctor Member J. Chahwala V. J. Sonawane
N. F. Douglas, Jr. S. Jobanputra D. B. Tanpure
D. Joshi

Working Group on Full Matrix Capture (SG-VM) (BPV V) Italy International Working Group (BPV V)

E. Peloquin, Chair G. W. Hembree D. D. Raimander, Chair M. A. Grimoldi

C. Wassink, Vice Chair K. Krueger O. Oldani, Vice Chair G. Luoni
D. Bajula M. Lozev C. R. Ramcharran, Staff Secretary U. Papponetti
D. Bellistri R. Nogueira P. Campli, Secretary P. Pedersoli
J. Catty D. Richard M. Agostini
A. Veroni
N. A. Finney M. Sens T. Aldo
M. Zambon
J. L. Garner D. Tompkins F. Bresciani
R. T. Grotenhuis J. F. Halley, Contributing Member N. Caputo V. Calo, Contributing Member
P. T. Hayes L. E. Mullins, Contributing Member M. Colombo G. Gobbi, Contributing Member
P. L. Dinelli A. Gusmaroli, Contributing
F. Ferrarese Member
E. Ferrari G. Pontiggia, Contributing Member

Subgroup on Inservice Examination Methods and Techniques

(BPV V)
COMMITTEE ON PRESSURE VESSELS (BPV VIII)
P. T. Hayes, Chair G. W. Hembree
E. Peloquin, Vice Chair K. Krueger S. C. Roberts, Chair J. C. Sowinski
M. A. Burns M. D. Lower, Vice Chair D. Srnic
C. May
M. Carlson S. J. Rossi, Staff Secretary D. B. Stewart
N. A. Finney D. D. Raimander G. Aurioles, Sr. P. L. Sturgill
V. F. Godinez-Azcuaga C. Vorwald S. R. Babka K. Subramanian
R. J. Basile D. A. Swanson
P. Chavdarov J. P. Swezy, Jr.
D. B. DeMichael S. Terada
J. F. Grubb E. Upitis
B. F. Hantz A. Viet
M. Kowalczyk K. Xu
D. L. Kurle P. A. McGowan, Delegate
Subgroup on Surface Examination Methods (BPV V)
R. Mahadeen H. Michael, Delegate
N. Carter, Chair P. B. Shaw S. A. Marks K. Oyamada, Delegate
B. D. Laite, Vice Chair R. Tedder P. Matkovics M. E. Papponetti, Delegate
R. M. Beldyk C. Vorwald R. W. Mikitka A. Chaudouet, Contributing
P. L. Brown C. Wassink B. R. Morelock Member
T. Clausing D. M. Woodward T. P. Pastor J. P. Glaspie, Contributing Member
C. Emslander S. J. Akrin, Contributing Member D. T. Peters K. T. Lau, Contributing Member
N. Farenbaugh N. Y. Faransso, Contributing M. J. Pischke U. R. Miller, Contributing Member
N. A. Finney Member M. D. Rana K. Mokhtarian, Contributing
A. F. Garbolevsky J. F. Halley, Contributing Member G. B. Rawls, Jr. Member
K. Hayes R. W. Kruzic, Contributing Member F. L. Richter G. G. Karcher, Honorary Member
G. W. Hembree L. E. Mullins, Contributing Member C. D. Rodery K. K. Tam, Honorary Member
C. May F. J. Sattler, Contributing Member

Executive Committee (BPV VIII)

M. D. Lower, Chair S. A. Marks
Germany International Working Group (BPV V)
S. J. Rossi, Staff Secretary P. Matkovics
P. Chavdarov, Chair D. Kaiser G. Aurioles, Sr. S. C. Roberts
C. Kringe, Vice Chair S. Mann C. W. Cary J. C. Sowinski
H.-P. Schmitz, Secretary V. Reusch J. Hoskinson K. Subramanian
K.-H. Gischler M. Kowalczyk K. Xu

xlii
 Subgroup on Design (BPV VIII) Subgroup on General Requirements (BPV VIII)
J. C. Sowinski, Chair G. B. Rawls, Jr. J. Hoskinson, Chair F. L. Richter
C. S. Hinson, Vice Chair S. C. Roberts M. Faulkner, Vice Chair S. C. Roberts
G. Aurioles, Sr. C. D. Rodery N. Barkley J. Rust
S. R. Babka T. G. Seipp R. J. Basile J. C. Sowinski
O. A. Barsky D. Srnic T. P. Beirne P. Speranza
R. J. Basile D. A. Swanson D. B. DeMichael D. Srnic
D. Chandiramani S. Terada M. D. Lower D. B. Stewart
M. D. Clark T. P. Pastor D. A. Swanson
J. Vattappilly
M. Faulkner I. Powell J. P. Glaspie, Contributing Member
K. Xu
B. F. Hantz G. B. Rawls, Jr. Y. Yang, Contributing Member
K. Oyamada, Delegate
C. E. Hinnant
M. H. Jawad M. E. Papponetti, Delegate
S. Krishnamurthy P. K. Lam, Contributing Member
D. L. Kurle K. Mokhtarian, Contributing
K. Kuscu Member
M. D. Lower T. P. Pastor, Contributing Member
Task Group on Fired Heater Pressure Vessels (BPV VIII)
R. W. Mikitka S. C. Shah, Contributing Member
B. Millet K. K. Tam, Contributing Member J. Hoskinson, Chair R. Robles
M. D. Rana E. Upitis, Contributing Member W. Kim J. Rust
S. Kirk P. Shanks
D. Nelson E. Smith
T. P. Pastor D. Srnic

Working Group on Design-by-Analysis (BPV VIII)

B. F. Hantz, Chair S. Krishnamurthy
T. W. Norton, Secretary A. Mann
D. A. Arnett C. Nadarajah Task Group on Subsea Applications (BPV VIII)
J. Bedoya P. Prueter
S. Guzey M. Sarzynski, Chair C. Lan
T. G. Seipp
C. F. Heberling II A. J. Grohmann, Vice Chair P. Lutkiewicz
M. A. Shah
C. E. Hinnant L. P. Antalffy N. McKie
M. H. Jawad S. Terada R. C. Biel S. K. Parimi
S. Kataoka R. G. Brown, Contributing Member J. Ellens R. H. Patil
S. Kilambi D. Dewees, Contributing Member J. Hademenos M. P. Vaclavik
K. D. Kirkpatrick K. Saboda, Contributing Member J. Kaculi R. Cordes, Contributing Member
K. Karpanan D. T. Peters, Contributing Member
F. Kirkemo J. R. Sims, Contributing Member

Working Group on Elevated Temperature Design (BPV I and VIII)

A. Mann, Chair M. C. Messner
C. Nadarajah, Secretary M. N. Mitchell Subgroup on Heat Transfer Equipment (BPV VIII)
D. Anderson P. Prueter
D. Dewees P. Matkovics, Chair R. Mahadeen
M. J. Swindeman
B. F. Hantz M. D. Clark, Vice Chair S. Mayeux
M. H. Jawad J. P. Glaspie, Contributing Member L. Bower, Secretary S. Neilsen
R. I. Jetter N. McMurray, Contributing G. Aurioles, Sr. E. Smith
S. Krishnamurthy Member S. R. Babka
A. M. Voytko
T. Le B. J. Mollitor, Contributing Member J. H. Barbee
O. A. Barsky R. P. Wiberg
T. Bunyarattaphantu J. Pasek, Contributing Member
A. Chaudouet D. Srnic, Contributing Member
D. L. Kurle Z. Tong, Contributing Member
Subgroup on Fabrication and Examination (BPV VIII)
S. A. Marks, Chair B. F. Shelley
D. I. Morris, Vice Chair D. Smith
T. Halligan, Secretary P. L. Sturgill
N. Carter J. P. Swezy, Jr.
Working Group on Plate Heat Exchangers (BPV VIII)
J. Lu E. Upitis
B. R. Morelock C. Violand D. I. Morris, Chair P. Matkovics
O. Mulet K. Oyamada, Delegate S. R. Babka M. J. Pischke
M. J. Pischke W. J. Bees, Contributing Member J. F. Grubb P. Shanks
M. J. Rice L. F. Campbell, Contributing V. Gudge E. Smith
J. Roberts Member R. Mahadeen D. Srnic
C. D. Rodery R. Uebel, Contributing Member S. A. Marks S. Sullivan

xliii
 Subgroup on High Pressure Vessels (BPV VIII) Argentina International Working Group (BPV VIII)
K. Subramanian, Chair Y. Xu A. Dominguez, Chair M. Favareto
M. Sarzynski, Vice Chair A. M. Clayton, Contributing R. Robles, Vice Chair M. D. Kuhn
A. Dinizulu, Staff Secretary Member G. Glissenti, Secretary F. P. Larrosa
L. P. Antalffy R. Cordes, Contributing Member M. M. Acosta L. M. Leccese
J. Barlow R. D. Dixon, Contributing Member R. A. Barey C. Meinl
R. C. Biel Q. Dong, Contributing Member C. Alderetes M. A. Mendez
P. N. Chaku T. A. Duffey, Contributing Member F. A. Andres J. J. Monaco
L. Fridlund R. M. Hoshman, Contributing A. Antipasti C. Parente
D. Fuenmayor Member D. A. Bardelli M. A. A. Pipponzi
J. Gibson L. F. Boccanera L. C. Rigoli
F. Kirkemo, Contributing Member
R. T. Hallman O. S. Bretones A. Rivas
R. A. Leishear, Contributing
K. Karpanan A. Burgueno D. Rizzo
Member
J. Keltjens G. Casanas J. C. Rubeo
G. M. Mital, Contributing Member
A. K. Khare D. H. Da Rold S. Schamun
G. T. Nelson M. Parr, Contributing Member D. A. Del Teglia G. Telleria
D. T. Peters M. D. Rana, Contributing Member J. I. Duo M. M. C. Tocco
E. D. Roll C. Romero, Contributing Member
J. R. Sims C. Tipple, Contributing Member
E. Smith K.-J. Young, Contributing Member
F. W. Tatar D. J. Burns, Honorary Member
S. Terada G. J. Mraz, Honorary Member
China International Working Group (BPV VIII)
X. Chen, Chair C. Miao
B. Shou, Vice Chair L. Sun
Z. Fan, Secretary C. Wu
Y. Chen J. Xiaobin
Subgroup on Materials (BPV VIII) J. Cui F. Xu
R. Duan G. Xu
M. Kowalczyk, Chair E. Upitis J.-G. Gong F. Yang
P. Chavdarov, Vice Chair K. Xu B. Han Y. Yang
S. Kilambi, Secretary S. Yem J. Hu Y. Yuan
J. Cameron Q. Hu Yanfeng Zhang
A. Di Rienzo, Contributing Member
J. F. Grubb H. Hui Yijun Zhang
J. D. Fritz, Contributing Member
D. Maitra K. Li S. Zhao
D. W. Rahoi M. Katcher, Contributing Member
D. Luo J. Zheng
J. Robertson W. M. Lundy, Contributing Member
Y. Luo G. Zhu
R. C. Sutherlin J. Penso, Contributing Member

Germany International Working Group (BPV VIII)

Subgroup on Toughness (BPV VIII) R. Kauer, Chair S. Krebs
K. Xu, Chair D. A. Swanson M. Sykora, Vice Chair T. Ludwig
T. Halligan, Vice Chair J. P. Swezy, Jr. A. Aloui R. A. Meyers
T. Finn S. Terada P. Chavdarov H. Michael
C. S. Hinson E. Upitis A. Emrich S. Reich
S. Kilambi J. Vattappilly J. Fleischfresser A. Spangenberg
D. L. Kurle K. Oyamada, Delegate C. Jaekel C. Stobbe
T. Newman L. Dong, Contributing Member D. Koelbl G. Naumann, Contributing Member
J. Qu S. Krishnamurthy, Contributing
M. D. Rana Member
F. L. Richter K. Mokhtarian, Contributing
K. Subramanian Member

India International Working Group (BPV VIII)

D. Chandiramani, Chair A. Kakumanu
D. Kulkarni, Vice Chair V. V. P. Kumar
A. D. Dalal, Secretary T. Mukherjee
P. Arulkumar P. C. Pathak
Subgroup on Graphite Pressure Equipment (BPV VIII)
B. Basu D. Prabhu
C. W. Cary, Chair J. D. Clements P. Gandhi A. Sadasivam
A. Viet, Vice Chair H. Lee, Jr. U. Ganesan M. P. Shah
G. C. Becherer S. Mehrez S. K. Goyal R. Tiru
F. L. Brown T. Rudy V. Jayabalan V. T. Valavan
R. J. Bulgin A. A. Stupica V. K. Joshi M. Sharma, Contributing Member

xliv
 Italy International Working Group (BPV VIII) COMMITTEE ON WELDING, BRAZING, AND FUSING (BPV IX)
A. Teli, Chair M. Guglielmetti M. J. Pischke, Chair W. J. Sperko
M. Millefanti, Vice Chair A. F. Magri P. L. Sturgill, Vice Chair J. P. Swezy, Jr.
P. Campli, Secretary P. Mantovani R. Rahaman, Staff Secretary A. D. Wilson
B. G. Alborali L. Moracchioli M. Bernasek E. W. Woelfel
P. Aliprandi P. Pacor M. A. Boring D. Pojatar, Delegate
A. Avogadri S. Sarti D. A. Bowers A. Roza, Delegate
A. Camanni V. Calo, Contributing Member N. Carter M. Consonni, Contributing Member
N. Caputo G. Gobbi, Contributing Member J. G. Feldstein
P. D. Flenner, Contributing Member
M. Colombo A. Gusmaroli, Contributing P. Gilston
S. A. Jones, Contributing Member
P. Conti Member S. E. Gingrich
D. K. Peetz, Contributing Member
D. Cortassa G. Pontiggia, Contributing Member K. L. Hayes
P. L. Dinelli D. D. Raimander, Contributing R. M. Jessee S. Raghunathan, Contributing
F. Finco Member J. S. Lee Member
W. M. Lundy M. J. Stanko, Contributing Member
D. W. Mann P. L. Van Fosson, Contributing
S. A. Marks Member
T. Melfi R. K. Brown, Jr., Honorary Member
W. F. Newell, Jr. M. L. Carpenter, Honorary Member
E. G. Reichelt B. R. Newmark, Honorary Member
M. J. Rice S. D. Reynolds, Jr., Honorary
M. B. Sims Member

Subgroup on Brazing (BPV IX)

Special Working Group on Bolted Flanged Joints (BPV VIII) S. A. Marks, Chair M. J. Pischke
E. W. Beckman P. L. Sturgill
W. Brown, Chair W. McDaniel A. F. Garbolevsky J. P. Swezy, Jr.
M. Osterfoss, Vice Chair R. W. Mikitka N. Mohr
G. Aurioles, Sr. D. Nash
D. Bankston, Jr. M. Ruffin
H. Bouzid R. Wacker
A. Chaudouet E. Jamalyaria, Contributing Subgroup on General Requirements (BPV IX)
H. Chen Member
N. Carter, Chair P. L. Sturgill
D. Francis J. R. Payne, Contributing Member
P. Gilston, Vice Chair J. P. Swezy, Jr.
H. Lejeune G. Van Zyl, Contributing Member
J. P. Bell E. W. Woelfel
A. Mann J. Veiga, Contributing Member
D. A. Bowers
E. W. Beckman, Contributing
M. Heinrichs
Member
A. Howard
R. M. Jessee A. Davis, Contributing Member
S. A. Marks D. K. Peetz, Contributing Member
H. B. Porter B. R. Newmark, Honorary Member

Subgroup on Materials (BPV IX)

M. Bernasek, Chair M. J. Pischke
T. Anderson A. Roza
L. Constantinescu C. E. Sainz
Subgroup on Interpretations (BPV VIII) E. Cutlip P. L. Sturgill
G. Aurioles, Sr., Chair J. C. Sowinski M. Denault
C. Zanfir
J. Oh, Staff Secretary D. B. Stewart S. E. Gingrich
V. G. V. Giunto, Delegate
S. R. Babka K. Subramanian L. S. Harbison
M. James D. J. Kotecki, Contributing Member
J. Cameron D. A. Swanson
R. M. Jessee B. Krueger, Contributing Member
C. W. Cary J. P. Swezy, Jr.
B. F. Hantz J. Vattappilly T. Melfi W. J. Sperko, Contributing Member
M. Kowalczyk A. Viet S. D. Nelson M. J. Stanko, Contributing Member
D. L. Kurle K. Xu
M. D. Lower R. J. Basile, Contributing Member
S. A. Marks D. B. DeMichael, Contributing
Subgroup on Plastic Fusing (BPV IX)
P. Matkovics Member
D. I. Morris R. D. Dixon, Contributing Member K. L. Hayes, Chair S. Schuessler
D. T. Peters S. Kilambi, Contributing Member R. M. Jessee M. Troughton
F. L. Richter R. Mahadeen, Contributing J. Johnston, Jr.
C. Violand
S. C. Roberts Member J. E. O’Sullivan
C. D. Rodery T. P. Pastor, Contributing Member E. G. Reichelt E. W. Woelfel
T. G. Seipp P. L. Sturgill, Contributing Member M. J. Rice J. Wright

xlv
 Subgroup on Welding Qualifications (BPV IX) COMMITTEE ON FIBER-REINFORCED PLASTIC PRESSURE VESSELS
(BPV X)
T. Melfi, Chair E. G. Reichelt
A. D. Wilson, Vice Chair M. J. Rice B. Linnemann, Chair D. H. McCauley
K. L. Hayes, Secretary M. B. Sims D. Eisberg, Vice Chair N. L. Newhouse
M. Bernasek W. J. Sperko P. D. Stumpf, Staff Secretary G. Ramirez
M. A. Boring P. L. Sturgill A. L. Beckwith J. R. Richter
D. A. Bowers J. P. Swezy, Jr. F. L. Brown
B. F. Shelley
R. Campbell C. Violand J. L. Bustillos
G. A. Van Beek
R. B. Corbit D. Chandiramani, Contributing B. R. Colley
S. L. Wagner
L. S. Harbison Member T. W. Cowley
M. Heinrichs M. Consonni, Contributing Member I. L. Dinovo D. O. Yancey, Jr.
J. S. Lee M. Dehghan, Contributing Member J. Eihusen P. H. Ziehl
W. M. Lundy P. D. Flenner, Contributing Member M. R. Gorman D. H. Hodgkinson, Contributing
D. W. Mann T. C. Wiesner, Contributing B. Hebb Member
W. F. Newell, Jr. Member L. E. Hunt D. L. Keeler, Contributing Member

COMMITTEE ON NUCLEAR INSERVICE INSPECTION (BPV XI)

Argentina International Working Group (BPV IX)
R. W. Swayne, Chair T. Nuoffer
A. Burgueno, Chair M. Favareto
D. W. Lamond, Vice Chair J. Nygaard
A. R. G. Frinchaboy, Vice Chair J. A. Gandola
A. T. Roberts III, Vice Chair J. E. O’Sullivan
R. Rahaman, Staff Secretary C. A. Garibotti
D. Miro-Quesada, Staff Secretary N. A. Palm
M. D. Kuhn, Secretary J. A. Herrera
J. F. Ball G. C. Park
B. Bardott M. A. Mendez
W. H. Bamford D. A. Scarth
L. F. Boccanera A. E. Pastor
M. L. Benson F. J. Schaaf, Jr.
P. J. Cabot G. Telleria
J. M. Boughman S. Takaya
J. Caprarulo M. M. C. Tocco
C. Brown D. Vetter
S. B. Brown T. V. Vo
T. L. Chan J. G. Weicks
R. C. Cipolla
M. Weis
Germany International Working Group (BPV IX) D. R. Cordes
Y.-K. Chung, Delegate
H. Do
C. Ye, Delegate
A. Roza, Chair S. Wegener E. V. Farrell, Jr.
B. Lin, Alternate
A. Spangenberg, Vice Chair F. Wodke M. J. Ferlisi
R. Rahaman, Staff Secretary R. O. McGill, Alternate
J. Daldrup, Contributing Member T. J. Griesbach
P. Chavadarov J. Hakii L. A. Melder, Alternate
E. Floer, Contributing Member A. Udyawar, Alternate
B. Daume M. L. Hall
J. Fleischfresser R. Helmholdt, Contributing P. J. Hennessey E. B. Gerlach, Contributing Member
P. Khwaja Member D. O. Henry C. D. Cowfer, Honorary Member
S. Krebs G. Naumann, Contributing Member K. Hojo R. E. Gimple, Honorary Member
T. Ludwig K.-G. Toelle, Contributing Member S. D. Kulat F. E. Gregor, Honorary Member
C. Latiolais R. D. Kerr, Honorary Member
J. T. Lindberg P. C. Riccardella, Honorary Member
H. Malikowski R. A. West, Honorary Member
S. L. McCracken C. J. Wirtz, Honorary Member
Italy International Working Group (BPV IX) S. A. Norman R. A. Yonekawa, Honorary Member
D. D. Raimander, Chair L. Moracchioli
F. Ferrarese, Vice Chair P. Pacor
R. Rahaman, Staff Secretary P. Siboni
M. Bernasek V. Calo, Contributing Member Executive Committee (BPV XI)
A. Camanni G. Gobbi, Contributing Member
D. W. Lamond, Chair S. L. McCracken
P. L. Dinelli A. Gusmaroli, Contributing
R. W. Swayne, Vice Chair T. Nuoffer
M. Mandina Member
D. Miro-Quesada, Staff Secretary
A. S. Monastra G. Pontiggia, Contributing Member N. A. Palm
M. L. Benson
G. C. Park
M. J. Ferlisi
S. D. Kulat A. T. Roberts III
J. T. Lindberg B. L. Lin, Alternate
Spain International Working Group (BPV IX)
F. J. Q. Pandelo, Chair F. Manas
F. L. Villabrille, Vice Chair B. B. Miguel Argentina International Working Group (BPV XI)
R. Rahaman, Staff Secretary
A. D. G. Munoz
F. R. Hermida, Secretary O. Martinez, Staff Secretary F. J. Schaaf, Jr.
A. B. Pascual
C. A. Celimendiz A. Claus F. M. Schroeter
M. A. F. Garcia S. Sevil I. M. Guerreiro P. Yamamoto
R. G. Garcia G. Gobbi, Contributing Member L. R. Miño

xlvi
 China International Working Group (BPV XI) Working Group on Spent Nuclear Fuel Storage and Transportation
Containment Systems (BPV XI)
J. H. Liu, Chair S. Shuo
J. F. Cai, Vice Chair Y. Sixin K. Hunter, Chair K. Mauskar
C. Ye, Vice Chair Y. X. Sun M. Orihuela, Secretary R. M. Meyer
M. W. Zhou, Secretary G. X. Tang D. J. Ammerman R. M. Pace
H. Chen Q. Wang W. H. Borter E. L. Pleins
H. D. Chen Q. W. Wang J. Broussard M. A. Richter
Y. Cheng C. R. Bryan B. Sarno
Z. S. Wang
Y. B. Guo T. Carraher
L. Xing R. Sindelar
Y. Hongqi S. Corcoran
F. Xu M. Staley
D. R. Horn D. Dunn
S. X. Xu J. Wellwood
Y. Hou N. Fales
S. X. Lin Q. Yin R. C. Folley K. A. Whitney
Y. Nie K. Zhang G. Grant X. J. Zhai
W. N. Pei Y. Zhe B. Gutherman P.-S. Lam, Alternate
L. Shiwei Z. M. Zhong M. W. Joseph G. White, Alternate
M. Keene J. Wise, Alternate
M. Liu H. Smith, Contributing Member

Germany International Working Group (BPV XI) Task Group on Mitigation and Repair of Spent Nuclear Fuel
Canisters (WG-SNFS & TCS) (BPV XI)
R. Döring, Chair N. Legl
M. Hagenbruch, Vice Chair T. Ludwig J. Tatman, Chair M. Kris
R. Piel, Secretary X. Pitoiset D. J. Ammerman M. Liu
A. Casse M. Reichert J. Broussard K. Mauskar
C. G. Frantescu L. Sybertz C. R. Bryan S. L. McCracken
E. Iacopetta I. Tewes G. R. Cannell M. Orihuela
S. D. Kulat R. Tiete K. Dietrich M. Richter
H.-W. Lange J. Wendt D. Dunn K. E. Ross
N. Fales B. Sarno
R. C. Folley R. Sindelar
D. Jacobs J. Wellwood
N. Klymyshyn A. Williams

India International Working Group (BPV XI)

S. B. Parkash, Chair N. Palm
Subgroup on Evaluation Standards (SG-ES) (BPV XI)
D. Narain, Vice Chair D. Rawal
K. K. Rai, Secretary R. Sahai N. A. Palm, Chair Y. S. Li
Z. M. Mansuri R. K. Sharma S. X. Xu, Secretary R. O. McGill
M. R. Nadgouda W. H. Bamford K. Miyazaki
M. Brumovsky R. M. Pace
H. D. Chung J. C. Poehler
R. C. Cipolla
S. Ranganath
C. M. Faidy
D. A. Scarth
M. M. Farooq
D. J. Shim
B. R. Ganta
Special Working Group on Editing and Review (BPV XI) A. Udyawar
T. J. Griesbach
R. W. Swayne, Chair M. Orihuela K. Hasegawa T. V. Vo
R. C. Cipolla D. A. Scarth K. Hojo G. M. Wilkowski
D. O. Henry D. N. Hopkins M. L. Benson, Alternate
D. R. Lee H. S. Mehta, Contributing Member

Task Group on Evaluation of Beyond Design Basis Events

Task Group on Inspectability (BPV XI) (SG-ES) (BPV XI)
J. T. Lindberg, Chair J. Honcharik R. M. Pace, Chair K. Hojo
E. Henry, Secretary C. Latiolais S. X. Xu, Secretary S. A. Kleinsmith
A. Bushmire G. A. Lofthus F. G. Abatt S. M. Moenssens
A. Cardillo S. Matsumoto G. A. Antaki
T. V. Vo
K. Caver D. E. Matthews P. R. Donavin
D. R. Cordes P. J. O’Regan R. G. Gilada G. M. Wilkowski
P. Gionta J. B. Ossmann T. J. Griesbach H. S. Mehta, Contributing Member
D. O. Henry C. Thomas M. Hayashi T. Weaver, Contributing Member

xlvii
 Working Group on Flaw Evaluation Working Group on Pipe Flaw Evaluation (SG-ES) (BPV XI)
(SG-ES) (BPV XI)
D. A. Scarth, Chair Y. Kim
R. C. Cipolla, Chair Y. S. Li S. Kalyanam, Secretary V. Lacroix
S. X. Xu, Secretary C. Liu K. Azuma Y. S. Li
W. H. Bamford M. Liu W. H. Bamford R. O. McGill
M. L. Benson G. A. Miessi M. L. Benson G. A. Miessi
M. Brumovsky K. Miyazaki M. Brumovsky K. Miyazaki
H. D. Chung S. Noronha F. W. Brust S. M. Parker
N. G. Cofie R. K. Qashu H. D. Chung S. H. Pellet
M. A. Erickson S. Ranganath R. C. Cipolla C. J. Sallaberry
C. M. Faidy N. G. Cofie
D. A. Scarth W. L. Server
M. M. Farooq C. M. Faidy
W. L. Server D. J. Shim
B. R. Ganta M. M. Farooq
D. J. Shim S. Smith
R. G. Gilada B. R. Ganta
S. Smith M. F. Uddin
C. Guzman-Leong R. G. Gilada
P. H. Hoang M. Uddin S. R. Gosselin A. Udyawar
K. Hojo A. Udyawar C. E. Guzman-Leong T. V. Vo
D. N. Hopkins T. V. Vo K. Hasegawa K. Wang
S. Kalyanam K. Wang P. H. Hoang B. Wasiluk
Y. Kim B. Wasiluk K. Hojo G. M. Wilkowski
V. Lacroix G. M. Wilkowski D. N. Hopkins S. X. Xu
D. R. Lee H. S. Mehta, Contributing Member E. J. Houston Y. Zou
R. Janowiak K. Gresh, Alternate
K. Kashima H. S. Mehta, Contributing Member

Working Group on Flaw Evaluation Reference Curves

(SG-ES) (BPV XI) Task Group on Code Case N-513 (WG-PFE) (BPV XI)
A. Udyawar, Chair V. Lacroix R. O. McGill, Chair E. J. Houston
D. A. Scarth, Secretary K. Miyazaki S. M. Parker, Secretary R. Janowiak
W. H. Bamford B. Pellereau G. A. Antaki S. H. Pellet
M. L. Benson S. Ranganath R. C. Cipolla D. Rudland
F. W. Brust D. J. Shim M. M. Farooq D. A. Scarth
R. C. Cipolla S. Smith K. Gresh S. X. Xu
M. M. Farooq M. Uddin
A. E. Freed T. V. Vo
P. Gill G. White
K. Hasegawa S. X. Xu Task Group on Evaluation Procedures for Degraded Buried Pipe
K. Hojo H. S. Mehta, Contributing Member (WG-PFE) (BPV XI)
R. O. McGill, Chair R. Janowiak
S. X. Xu, Secretary M. Kassar
F. G. Abatt M. Moenssens
Working Group on Operating Plant Criteria (SG-ES) (BPV XI) G. A. Antaki D. P. Munson
R. C. Cipolla R. M. Pace
N. A. Palm, Chair A. D. Odell
R. G. Gilada S. H. Pellet
A. E. Freed, Secretary R. M. Pace
K. Hasegawa D. Rudland
W. H. Bamford J. C. Poehler K. M. Hoffman D. A. Scarth
M. Brumovsky S. Ranganath
M. A. Erickson
W. L. Server
T. J. Griesbach
C. A. Tomes
M. Hayashi Task Group on Flaw Evaluation for HDPE Pipe (WG-PFE) (BPV XI)
R. Janowiak A. Udyawar
M. Kirk T. V. Vo S. Kalyanam, Chair D. J. Shim
S. A. Kleinsmith H. Q. Xu P. Krishnaswamy M. Troughton
H. Kobayashi H. S. Mehta, Contributing Member M. Moenssens J. Wright
D. P. Munson S. X. Xu
D. A. Scarth

Task Group on Appendix L (WG-OPC) (BPV XI)

Subgroup on Nondestructive Examination (SG-NDE) (BPV XI)
N. Glunt, Chair C.-S. Oh
R. M. Pace, Secretary H. Park J. T. Lindberg, Chair S. E. Cumblidge
J. I. Duo S. Ranganath D. O. Henry, Vice Chair K. J. Hacker
A. E. Freed T. Cinson, Secretary J. Harrison
A. Scott
M. A. Gray M. Briley D. A. Kull
D. J. Shim
T. J. Griesbach C. Brown C. Latiolais
H. Nam S. Smith A. Bushmire F. J. Schaaf, Jr.
A. Nana A. Udyawar T. L. Chan R. V. Swain
A. D. Odell T. V. Vo D. R. Cordes C. A. Nove, Alternate

xlviii
Working Group on Personnel Qualification and Surface Visual and ASME/JSME Joint Working Group on RIM Processes and
Eddy Current Examination (SG-NDE) (BPV XI) System-Based Code (SG-RIM) (BPV XI)
C. Brown, Chair D. O. Henry S. Takaya, Chair R. Meyer
M. Orihuela, Secretary J. T. Lindberg R. J. McReynolds, Vice Chair T. Muraki
J. Bennett M. T. Audrain S. Okajima
C. Shinsky
T. Cinson K. Dozaki A. T. Roberts III
R. Tedder
S. E. Cumblidge J. T. Fong C. J. Sallaberry
A. Diaz T. Thulien J. Hakii F. J. Schaaf, Jr.
N. Farenbaugh J. T. Timm K. Harris R. Vayda
M. Hayashi D. Watanabe
S. Kalyanam H. Yada
D. R. Lee K. Yamada
H. Machida T. Asayama, Contributing Member

Working Group on Procedure Qualification and Volumetric

Examination (SG-NDE) (BPV XI)
J. Harrison, Chair C. Latiolais Subgroup on Repair/Replacement Activities (SG-RRA) (BPV XI)
D. A. Kull, Secretary C. A. Nove
M. Briley S. L. McCracken, Chair L. A. Melder
D. R. Slivon
A. Bushmire E. V. Farrell, Jr., Secretary S. A. Norman
R. V. Swain J. F. Ball G. T. Olson
D. R. Cordes
K. J. Hacker D. Van Allen M. Brandes J. E. O’Sullivan
R. E. Jacob J. Williams S. B. Brown G. C. Park
W. A. Jensen B. Lin, Alternate R. Clow R. R. Stevenson
S. J. Findlan R. W. Swayne
M. L. Hall D. J. Tilly
J. Honcharik J. G. Weicks
A. B. Meichler B. Lin, Alternate

Subgroup on Reliability and Integrity Management Program

(SG-RIM) (BPV XI)
A. T. Roberts III, Chair P. J. Hennessey Working Group on Design and Programs (SG-RRA) (BPV XI)
D. Vetter, Secretary S. Kalyanam
S. B. Brown, Chair H. Malikowski
T. Anselmi D. R. Lee
R. A. Patel, Secretary A. B. Meichler
M. T. Audrain R. J. McReynolds
O. Bhatty G. C. Park
N. Broom R. Meyer
R. Clow
F. W. Brust M. Orihuela M. A. Pyne
R. R. Croft
V. Chugh C. J. Sallaberry R. R. Stevenson
E. V. Farrell, Jr.
S. R. Doctor F. J. Schaaf, Jr. K. Sullivan
K. Harris
J. D. Fletcher H. M. Stephens, Jr.
B. Lin R. W. Swayne
J. T. Fong R. W. Swayne
R. Grantom S. Takaya
K. Harris R. Vayda

Task Group on Repair and Replacement Optimization

(WG-D&P) (BPV XI)
S. L. McCracken, Chair M. L. Hall
Working Group on MANDE (SG-RIM) (BPV XI) S. J. Findlan, Secretary D. Jacobs
T. Basso H. Malikowski
H. M. Stephens, Jr., Chair J. T. Fong R. Clow T. Nuoffer
S. R. Doctor, Vice Chair D. O. Henry K. Dietrich G. C. Park
M. Turnbow, Secretary R. J. McReynolds E. V. Farrell, Jr. A. Patel
T. Anselmi R. Meyer M. J. Ferlisi R. R. Stevenson
M. T. Audrain M. Orihuela R. C. Folley J. G. Weicks
N. A. Finney K. Yamada

Working Group on Nonmetals Repair/Replacement Activities

(SG-RRA) (BPV XI)
Task Group on Nonmetallic Component Degradation and Failure
J. E. O’Sullivan, Chair T. M. Musto
Monitoring (SG-RIM) (BPV XI)
S. Schuessler, Secretary A. Pridmore
M. P. Metcalfe, Chair W. J. Geringer M. Brandes
F. J. Schaaf, Jr.
A. Tzelepi, Secretary K. Harris D. R. Dechene
R. Stakenborghs
M. T. Audrain J. Lang M. Golliet
G. Beirnaert J. Potgieter J. Johnston, Jr. P. Vibien
C. Chen B. Lin M. P. Marohl, Contributing Member

xlix
 Task Group on HDPE Piping for Low Safety Significance Systems Task Group on High Strength Nickel Alloys Issues (SG-WCS) (BPV XI)
(WG-NMRRA) (BPV XI)
H. Malikowski, Chair H. Kobayashi
M. Brandes, Chair T. M. Musto C. Waskey, Secretary S. E. Marlette
J. E. O’Sullivan, Secretary F. J. Schaaf, Jr. E. Blackard
G. C. Park
M. Golliet S. Schuessler T. Cinson
C. Wax
B. Lin R. Stakenborghs J. Collins
K. Dietrich G. White
P. R. Donavin K. A. Whitney
Task Group on Repair by Carbon Fiber Composites
(WG-NMRRA) (BPV XI)
J. E. O’Sullivan, Chair C. A. Nove
Working Group on Containment (SG-WCS) (BPV XI)
S. F. Arnold R. P. Ojdrovic
S. W. Choi A. Pridmore M. J. Ferlisi, Chair P. Leininger
D. R. Dechene S. Rios R. Thames, Secretary J. A. Munshi
M. Golliet C. W. Rowley P. S. Ghosal M. Sircar
L. S. Gordon J. Sealey H. T. Hill P. C. Smith
P. Krishnaswamy R. Stakenborghs S. Johnson S. Walden
M. Kuntz N. Stoeva A. E. Keyser M. Weis
H. Lu M. F. Uddin B. Lehman S. G. Brown, Alternate
M. P. Marohl J. Wen
L. Nadeau B. Davenport, Alternate

Working Group on Inspection of Systems and Components

Working Group on Welding and Special Repair Processes (SG-WCS) (BPV XI)
(SG-RRA) (BPV XI)
H. Q. Do, Chair J. Howard
J. G. Weicks, Chair D. Jacobs M. Weis, Secretary A. Keller
G. T. Olson, Secretary M. Kris I. A. Anchondo-Lopez S. D. Kulat
D. Barborak S. E. Marlette R. W. Blyde E. Lantz
S. J. Findlan S. L. McCracken K. Caver A. Maekawa
R. C. Folley L. A. Melder C. Cueto-Felgueroso T. Nomura
M. L. Hall J. E. O’Sullivan M. J. Ferlisi J. C. Nygaard
J. Honcharik D. J. Tilly M. L. Garcia Heras S. Orita
K. W. Hall A. W. Wilkens

Task Group on Temper Bead Welding (WG-W&SRP) (BPV XI)

S. J. Findlan, Chair S. L. McCracken
Working Group on Pressure Testing (SG-WCS) (BPV XI)
D. Barborak N. Mohr
R. C. Folley G. T. Olson J. M. Boughman, Chair D. W. Lamond
J. Graham J. E. O’Sullivan S. A. Norman, Secretary M. Moenssens
M. L. Hall A. Patel T. Anselmi R. A. Nettles
D. Jacobs J. Tatman M. J. Homiack C. Thomas
H. Kobayashi J. G. Weicks A. E. Keyser K. Whitney

Task Group on Weld Overlay (WG-W&SRP)(BPV XI)

Working Group on Risk-Informed Activities (SG-WCS) (BPV XI)
S. L. McCracken, Chair C. Lohse
S. Hunter, Secretary S. E. Marlette M. A. Pyne, Chair M. J. Homiack
D. Barborak G. T. Olson S. T. Chesworth, Secretary S. D. Kulat
S. J. Findlan A. Patel G. Brouette D. W. Lamond
J. Graham D. W. Sandusky C. Cueto-Felgueroso E. Lantz
M. L. Hall D. E. Waskey R. Haessler P. J. O’Regan
D. Jacobs J. G. Weicks J. Hakii N. A. Palm
K. W. Hall D. Vetter

Subgroup on Water-Cooled Systems (SG-WCS) (BPV XI)

M. J. Ferlisi, Chair S. D. Kulat
Working Group on General Requirements (BPV XI)
J. Nygaard, Secretary D. W. Lamond
J. M. Boughman T. Nomura T. Nuoffer, Chair T. N. Rezk
S. T. Chesworth T. Nuoffer J. Mayo, Secretary A. T. Roberts III
J. Collins M. A. Pyne J. F. Ball S. R. Scott
H. Q. Do H. M. Stephens, Jr. T. L. Chan D. Vetter
K. W. Hall R. Thames P. J. Hennessey S. E. Woolf
P. J. Hennessey M. Weis K. A. Kavanagh B. Harris, Alternate
A. E. Keyser I. A. Anchondo-Lopez, Alternate G. Ramaraj R. S. Spencer, Alternate

l
 COMMITTEE ON TRANSPORT TANKS (BPV XII) Subgroup on Nonmandatory Appendices (BPV XII)
N. J. Paulick, Chair M. Pitts T. A. Rogers, Chair R. C. Sallash
M. D. Rana, Vice Chair J. Roberts S. Staniszewski, Secretary D. G. Shelton
J. Oh, Staff Secretary T. A. Rogers P. Chilukuri D. D. Brusewitz, Contributing
A. N. Antoniou R. C. Sallash N. J. Paulick Member
K. W. A. Cheng M. Shah M. Pitts Y. Doron, Contributing Member
P. Chilukuri S. Staniszewski T. J. Rishel
W. L. Garfield A. P. Varghese
P. Miller R. Meyers, Contributing Member

Executive Committee (BPV XII)

COMMITTEE ON OVERPRESSURE PROTECTION (BPV XIII)
M. D. Rana, Chair T. A. Rogers
B. K. Nutter, Chair R. D. Danzy, Contributing Member
N. J. Paulick, Vice Chair R. C. Sallash
A. Donaldson, Vice Chair A. Frigerio, Contributing Member
J. Oh, Staff Secretary S. Staniszewski
C. E. Rodrigues, Staff Secretary J. P. Glaspie, Contributing Member
M. Pitts A. P. Varghese
J. F. Ball S. F. Harrison, Jr., Contributing
J. Burgess Member
B. Calderon A. Hassan, Contributing Member
D. B. DeMichael P. K. Lam, Contributing Member
J. W. Dickson
M. Mengon, Contributing Member
J. M. Levy
Subgroup on Design and Materials (BPV XII) J. Mize, Contributing Member
D. Miller
M. Mullavey, Contributing Member
R. C. Sallash, Chair A. P. Varghese T. Patel
S. K. Parimi, Contributing Member
D. K. Chandiramani K. Xu B. F. Pittel
T. R. Tarbay J. Phillips, Contributing Member
K. W. A. Cheng Y. Doron, Contributing Member
P. Chilukuri D. E. Tompkins M. Reddy, Contributing Member
A. T. Duggleby, Contributing Z. Wang S. Ruesenberg, Contributing
S. L. McWilliams
Member J. A. West Member
N. J. Paulick
M. D. Rana R. D. Hayworth, Contributing B. Engman, Alternate K. Shores, Contributing Member
T. J. Rishel Member H. Aguilar, Contributing Member D. E. Tezzo, Contributing Member
T. A. Rogers B. E. Spencer, Contributing R. W. Barnes, Contributing Member A. Wilson, Contributing Member
M. Shah Member
S. Staniszewski J. Zheng, Contributing Member

Subgroup on Fabrication, Inspection, and Continued Service

Executive Committee (BPV XIII)
(BPV XII)
A. Donaldson, Chair D. B. DeMichael
M. Pitts, Chair T. A. Rogers
B. K. Nutter, Vice Chair K. R. May
K. W. A. Cheng R. C. Sallash C. E. Rodrigues, Staff Secretary D. Miller
P. Chilukuri
S. Staniszewski J. F. Ball
M. Koprivnak
Y. Doron, Contributing Member
P. Miller
O. Mulet R. D. Hayworth, Contributing
T. J. Rishel Member
J. Roberts G. McRae, Contributing Member

Subgroup on Design and Materials (BPV XIII)

D. Miller, Chair J. A. West
Subgroup on General Requirements (BPV XII)
T. Patel, Vice Chair A. Williams
S. Staniszewski, Chair R. C. Sallash T. K. Acharya D. J. Azukas, Contributing Member
A. N. Antoniou Y. Doron, Contributing Member C. E. Beair R. D. Danzy, Contributing Member
P. Chilukuri W. E. Chapin
T. J. Hitchcock, Contributing A. Hassan, Contributing Member
H. Ebben III J. L. Freiler
Member R. Miyata, Contributing Member
J. L. Freiler B. Joergensen
S. L. McWilliams, Contributing M. Mullavey, Contributing Member
W. L. Garfield V. Kalyanasundaram
Member S. K. Parimi, Contributing Member
O. Mulet R. Krithivasan
B. F. Pittel T. A. Rogers, Contributing Member B. J. Mollitor G. Ramirez, Contributing Member
M. Pitts D. G. Shelton, Contributing Member T. R. Tarbay K. Shores, Contributing Member

li
 Subgroup on General Requirements (BPV XIII) US TAG to ISO TC 185 Safety Devices for Protection Against
Excessive Pressure (BPV XIII)
A. Donaldson, Chair B. Calderon, Contributing Member
B. F. Pittel, Vice Chair P. Chavdarov, Contributing D. Miller, Chair B. K. Nutter
J. M. Levy, Secretary Member C. E. Rodrigues, Staff Secretary T. Patel
R. Antoniuk T. M. Fabiani, Contributing Member J. F. Ball J. R. Thomas, Jr.
D. J. Azukas J. L. Freiler, Contributing Member T. J. Bevilacqua D. Tuttle
J. F. Ball J. P. Glaspie, Contributing Member D. B. DeMichael J. A. West
J. Burgess G. D. Goodson, Contributing J. W. Dickson J. F. White
D. B. DeMichael Member
S. T. French B. Joergensen, Contributing
J. Grace Member
C. Haldiman C. Lasarte, Contributing Member
J. Horne M. Mengon, Contributing Member
R. Klimas, Jr. D. E. Miller, Contributing Member
Z. E. Kumana R. Miyata, Contributing Member
P. K. Lam B. Mruk, Contributing Member
D. Mainiero-Cessna J. Phillips, Contributing Member
K. R. May M. Reddy, Contributing Member
J. Mize S. Ruesenberg, Contributing
L. Moedinger Member
M. Mullavey R. Sadowski, Contributing Member COMMITTEE ON BOILER AND PRESSURE VESSEL CONFORMITY
K. Shores A. Swearingin, Contributing ASSESSMENT (CBPVCA)
D. E. Tezzo Member
D. E. Tompkins A. P. Varghese, Contributing R. V. Wielgoszinski, Chair T. P. Beirne, Alternate
J. F. White Member G. Scribner, Vice Chair N. Caputo, Alternate
G. Moino, Staff Secretary P. Chavdarov, Alternate
M. Blankinship J. M. Downs, Alternate
J. P. Chicoine P. D. Edwards, Alternate
T. E. Hansen Y.-S. Kim, Alternate
W. Hibdon B. Morelock, Alternate
B. L. Krasiun M. Prefumo, Alternate
L. E. McDonald R. Rockwood, Alternate
N. Murugappan K. Roewe, Alternate
I. Powell B. C. Turczynski, Alternate
D. E. Tuttle J. Yu, Alternate
E. A. Whittle D. Cheetham, Contributing Member
Subgroup on Nuclear (BPV XIII)
P. Williams A. J. Spencer, Honorary Member
K. R. May, Chair K. Shores
J. F. Ball, Vice Chair I. H. Tseng
R. Krithivasan, Secretary B. J. Yonsky
M. Brown
J. M. Levy, Alternate
J. W. Dickson
Y. Wong, Alternate
S. Jones
R. Lack J. Yu, Alternate
D. Miller S. T. French, Contributing Member
T. Patel D. B. Ross, Contributing Member

COMMITTEE ON NUCLEAR CERTIFICATION (CNC)

R. R. Stevenson, Chair T. Aldo, Alternate
M. A. Lockwood, Vice Chair M. Blankinship, Alternate
S. Khan, Staff Secretary G. Brouette, Alternate
A. Appleton M. Burke, Alternate
J. F. Ball P. J. Coco, Alternate
G. Claffey Y. Diaz-Castillo, Alternate
Subgroup on Testing (BPV XIII)
N. DeSantis
P. D. Edwards, Alternate
B. K. Nutter, Chair C. Sharpe C. Dinic
J. Grimm, Alternate
J. W. Dickson, Vice Chair J. R. Thomas, Jr. G. Gobbi
K. M. Hottle, Alternate
R. Houk, Secretary Z. Wang J. W. Highlands
P. Krane, Alternate
T. P. Beirne D. Nelson, Alternate K. A. Kavanagh
M. Brown J. Mize, Contributing Member J. C. Krane S. J. Montano, Alternate
B. Calderon M. Mullavey, Contributing Member T. McGee I. Olson, Alternate
V. Chicola III S. Ruesenberg, Contributing E. L. Pleins L. Ponce, Alternate
B. Engman Member T. E. Quaka M. Wilson, Alternate
R. J. Garnett K. Shores, Contributing Member T. N. Rezk S. Yang, Alternate
R. Lack A. Strecker, Contributing Member D. M. Vickery S. F. Harrison, Jr., Contributing
M. Mengon A. Wilson, Contributing Member E. A. Whittle Member

lii
 ASTM PERSONNEL ð23Þ

The ASTM standards included within this ASME publication have been reproduced through a license agreement with
ASTM International. Information regarding the ASTM standards process can be found at www.astm.org.

liii
ð23Þ CORRESPONDENCE WITH THE COMMITTEE

General
ASME codes and standards are developed and maintained by committees with the intent to represent the consensus of
concerned interests. Users of ASME codes and standards may correspond with the committees to propose revisions or
cases, report errata, or request interpretations. Correspondence for this Section of the ASME Boiler and Pressure
Vessel Code (BPVC) should be sent to the staff secretary noted on the Section’s committee web page, accessible at
https://go.asme.org/CSCommittees.
NOTE: See ASME BPVC Section II, Part D for guidelines on requesting approval of new materials. See Section II, Part C for guidelines on re-
questing approval of new welding and brazing materials (“consumables”).

Revisions and Errata

The committee processes revisions to this Code on a continuous basis to incorporate changes that appear necessary or
desirable as demonstrated by the experience gained from the application of the Code. Approved revisions will be pub-
lished in the next edition of the Code.
In addition, the committee may post errata and Special Notices at http://go.asme.org/BPVCerrata. Errata and Special
Notices become effective on the date posted. Users can register on the committee web page to receive e-mail notifica-
tions of posted errata and Special Notices.
This Code is always open for comment, and the committee welcomes proposals for revisions. Such proposals should
be as specific as possible, citing the paragraph number(s), the proposed wording, and a detailed description of the rea-
sons for the proposal, including any pertinent background information and supporting documentation.

Cases
(a) The most common applications for cases are
(1) to permit early implementation of a revision based on an urgent need
(2) to provide alternative requirements
(3) to allow users to gain experience with alternative or potential additional requirements prior to incorporation
directly into the Code
(4) to permit use of a new material or process
(b) Users are cautioned that not all jurisdictions or owners automatically accept cases. Cases are not to be considered
as approving, recommending, certifying, or endorsing any proprietary or specific design, or as limiting in any way the
freedom of manufacturers, constructors, or owners to choose any method of design or any form of construction that
conforms to the Code.
(c) The committee will consider proposed cases concerning the following topics only:
(1) equipment to be marked with the ASME Single Certification Mark, or
(2) equipment to be constructed as a repair/replacement activity under the requirements of Section XI
(d) A proposed case shall be written as a question and reply in the same format as existing cases. The proposal shall
also include the following information:
(1) a statement of need and background information
(2) the urgency of the case (e.g., the case concerns a project that is underway or imminent)
(3) the Code Section and the paragraph, figure, or table number(s) to which the proposed case applies
(4) the edition(s) of the Code to which the proposed case applies
(e) A case is effective for use when the public review process has been completed and it is approved by the cognizant
supervisory board. Cases that have been approved will appear in the next edition or supplement of the Code Cases
books, “Boilers and Pressure Vessels” or “Nuclear Components.” Each Code Cases book is updated with seven Supple-
ments. Supplements will be sent or made available automatically to the purchasers of the Code Cases books until the
next edition of the Code. Annulments of Code Cases become effective six months after the first announcement of the
annulment in a Code Case Supplement or Edition of the appropriate Code Case book. The status of any case is available
at http://go.asme.org/BPVCCDatabase. An index of the complete list of Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code Cases and Nu-
clear Code Cases is available at http://go.asme.org/BPVCC.

liv
Interpretations
(a) Interpretations clarify existing Code requirements and are written as a question and reply. Interpretations do not
introduce new requirements. If a revision to resolve conflicting or incorrect wording is required to support the inter-
pretation, the committee will issue an intent interpretation in parallel with a revision to the Code.
(b) Upon request, the committee will render an interpretation of any requirement of the Code. An interpretation can
be rendered only in response to a request submitted through the online Interpretation Submittal Form at http://go.as-
me.org/InterpretationRequest. Upon submitting the form, the inquirer will receive an automatic e-mail confirming
receipt.
(c) ASME does not act as a consultant for specific engineering problems or for the general application or understand-
ing of the Code requirements. If, based on the information submitted, it is the opinion of the committee that the inquirer
should seek assistance, the request will be returned with the recommendation that such assistance be obtained. In-
quirers may track the status of their requests at http://go.asme.org/Interpretations.
(d) ASME procedures provide for reconsideration of any interpretation when or if additional information that might
affect an interpretation is available. Further, persons aggrieved by an interpretation may appeal to the cognizant ASME
committee or subcommittee. ASME does not “approve,” “certify,” “rate,” or “endorse” any item, construction, proprietary
device, or activity.
(e) Interpretations are published in the ASME Interpretations Database at http://go.asme.org/Interpretations as they
are issued.

Committee Meetings
The ASME BPVC committees regularly hold meetings that are open to the public. Persons wishing to attend any meet-
ing should contact the secretary of the applicable committee. Information on future committee meetings can be found at
http://go.asme.org/BCW.

lv
SUMMARY OF CHANGES

Changes listed below are identified on the pages by a margin note, (23), placed next to the affected area.

Page Location Change

xxvii List of Sections (1) Under Section III, Division 4 added
(2) Title of Section XI and subtitle of Section XI, Division 2 revised
(3) Information on interpretations and Code cases moved to
“Correspondence With the Committee”
xxxi Personnel Updated
liii ASTM Personnel Updated
liv Correspondence With the Added (replaces “Submittal of Technical Inquiries to the Boiler and
Committee Pressure Vessel Standards Committees”)
lix Cross-Referencing in the Updated
ASME BPVC
1 T-110 Subparagraph (a) revised
1 T-120 Subparagraphs (e), (e)(1), (e)(2), (h), and (j) revised
3 T-150 Subparagraphs (a) and (b) and the paragraph after (d)(3) revised
10 I-121.2 (1) Definitions of dual linear array search unit and linear array
search unit added
(2) Terms even imaging path and odd imaging path revised to even
imaging mode and odd imaging mode, respectively
15 I-121.4 Definition of multidirectional magnetization revised
17 I-121.6 Definition of direct visual examination revised
17 I-121.7 Definition of hood technique (hood test) revised
23 I-121.9 Definition of sizing accuracy added
27 II-122.1 Subparagraphs (a) and (b) revised
28 Table II-121-1 General Notes (a), (c), and (d) revised
30 Mandatory Appendix III Deleted
(Article 1)
31 Mandatory Appendix IV Deleted
(Article 1)
34 T-223 Revised
40 Table T-276 General Note added
39 T-277.1 Subparagraph (d) revised
43 I-223 Subparagraphs (a) and (b) revised
64 IX-277.1 Subparagraph (e) added and subsequent subparagraph
redesignated
84 T-434.2.3 Added and subsequent paragraph redesignated
84 T-434.4 T-434.4.1 through T-434.4.3 revised

lvi
Page Location Change
90 T-451 Revised
98 II-440 In in-text table, indication limits revised
100 III-434.2.3 Cross-reference revised
102 III-471.6 Last sentence revised
102 III-471.9 Revised
109 VII-421.2 Revised
119 Mandatory Appendix XI “Path” revised to “mode” throughout
(Article 4)
120 XI-435 Revised
122 XI-462.8.1 Last sentence revised
123 XI-481.1.2 Revised
144 Nonmandatory “Path,” “path/mode,” and “multipath/mode” revised to “mode”
Appendix F (Article 4) throughout
148 F-471 Note deleted
149 Table F-471-1 Note (1) revised
154 Nonmandatory Appendix Former Nonmandatory Appendix I redesignated
H (Article 4)
156 Figure J-431 Note (2) revised
193 Figure P-452.2-2 Title corrected by errata
208 Nonmandatory Added
Appendix W (Article 4)
223 Table T-672 First row revised
224 T-676.4 Subparagraph (e) revised
225 T-692 Subparagraph (c) revised
238 T-777.2 Subparagraph (e) revised
288 Mandatory Appendix XI Added
(Article 8)
296 T-953 Last sentence revised
327 XI-1063.6 Equation in subpara. (c) revised
350 T-1220 Subparagraph (a) revised
350 T-1224 Last paragraph revised
351 T-1225 (1) First paragraph and subparas. (a), (d), and (h) revised
(2) Subparagraph (i) added and subsequent subparagraphs
redesignated
351 T-1230 Subparagraph (b) revised
351 T-1262 Last paragraph revised
351 T-1263 Revised
352 T-1265 (1) First paragraph and T-1265.3 added
(2) T-1265.1 and T-1265.2 revised

lvii
Page Location Change
353 T-1273.3 Revised
353 T-1291 Subparagraphs (a) and (h) added and subsequent subparagraphs
redesignated
353 T-1292 Subparagraphs (a) and (a)(2) revised
360 Mandatory Appendix III Added
(Article 12)
372 Nonmandatory Revised in its entirety
Appendix A (Article 12)
483 SE-999 Revised in its entirety
499 SE-1030/SE-1030M Revised in its entirety
511 SE-1114 Revised in its entirety
519 SE-1165 Revised in its entirety
569 SE-2597/SE-2597M Deleted
605 SA-745/SA-745M Revised in its entirety
617 SD-7091 Revised in its entirety
625 SE-213 Revised in its entirety
637 SE-273 Revised in its entirety
657 SE-797/SE-797M Revised in its entirety
667 SE-2491 Revised in its entirety
685 SE-2700 Revised in its entirety
751 SD-1186 Deleted by errata
803 SE-243 Revised in its entirety
815 SE-750 Revised in its entirety
827 SE-976 Revised in its entirety
835 SE-1067/SE-1067M Revised in its entirety
851 SE-1118/SE-1118M Revised in its entirety
879 SE-1419/SE-1419M Deleted
881 SE-2075/SE-2075M Revised in its entirety
887 SE-2261/SE-2261M Revised in its entirety

lviii
 CROSS-REFERENCING IN THE ASME BPVC ð23Þ

Paragraphs within the ASME BPVC may include subparagraph breakdowns, i.e., nested lists. The following is a guide to
the designation and cross-referencing of subparagraph breakdowns:
(a) Hierarchy of Subparagraph Breakdowns
(1) First-level breakdowns are designated as (a), (b), (c), etc.
(2) Second-level breakdowns are designated as (1), (2), (3), etc.
(3) Third-level breakdowns are designated as (-a), (-b), (-c), etc.
(4) Fourth-level breakdowns are designated as (-1), (-2), (-3), etc.
(5) Fifth-level breakdowns are designated as (+a), (+b), (+c), etc.
(6) Sixth-level breakdowns are designated as (+1), (+2), etc.
(b) Cross-References to Subparagraph Breakdowns. Cross-references within an alphanumerically designated para-
graph (e.g., PG-1, UIG-56.1, NCD-3223) do not include the alphanumerical designator of that paragraph. The cross-
references to subparagraph breakdowns follow the hierarchy of the designators under which the breakdown appears.
The following examples show the format:
(1) If X.1(c)(1)(-a) is referenced in X.1(c)(1), it will be referenced as (-a).
(2) If X.1(c)(1)(-a) is referenced in X.1(c)(2), it will be referenced as (1)(-a).
(3) If X.1(c)(1)(-a) is referenced in X.1(e)(1), it will be referenced as (c)(1)(-a).
(4) If X.1(c)(1)(-a) is referenced in X.2(c)(2), it will be referenced as X.1(c)(1)(-a).

lix
 ASME BPVC.V-2023 ARTICLE 1

SUBSECTION A
NONDESTRUCTIVE METHODS OF
EXAMINATION

ARTICLE 1
GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

ð23Þ T-110 SCOPE (b) Subsection B lists Standards covering nondestruc-

tive examination methods which have been accepted as
(a) This Section of the Code contains requirements, standards. These standards are not mandatory unless
methods, and techniques for nondestructive examination specifically referenced in whole or in part in Subsection
(NDE), which are Code requirements to the extent that A or as indicated in other Code Sections or referencing
they are specifically referenced and required by other documents. Where there is a conflict between Subsection
Code Sections or referencing documents. These NDE A and Subsection B, the requirements of Subsection A
methods are intended to detect surface and internal im- take precedence.
perfections in materials, welds, fabricated parts, and com- (c) Any reference to a paragraph of any Article in Sub-
ponents. Nonmandatory Appendix A of this Article section A of this Section includes all of the applicable rules
provides a listing of common imperfections and damage in the paragraph. In every case, reference to a paragraph
mechanisms, and the NDE methods that are generally includes all the subparagraphs and subdivisions under
capable of detecting them. that paragraph.
(b) For general terms such as inspection, flaw, disconti- NOTE: For example, a reference to T-270 includes all of the rules
nuity, evaluation, etc., refer to Mandatory Appendix I. contained in T-271 through T-277.3.
(c) New editions of Section V may be used beginning (d) Reference to a standard contained in Subsection B
with the date of issuance and become mandatory 6 is mandatory only to the extent specified.
months after the date of issuance unless modified by NOTE: For example, T-233 requires that Image Quality Indicators be
the referencing document. manufactured and identified in accordance with the requirements or
(d) Code Cases are permissible and may be used, begin- alternatives allowed in SE-747 or SE-1025, and Appendices, as ap-
propriate for the style of IQI to be used. These are the only parts
ning with the date of approval by ASME. Only Code Cases
of either SE-747 or SE-1025 that are mandatory in Article 2. In many
that are specifically identified as being applicable to this
cases, Subsection B documents are not mandatory and are
Section may be used. At the time a Code Case is applied, intended only for guidance or reference use.
only the latest revision may be used. Code Cases that have (e) For those documents that directly reference this
been incorporated into this Section or have been annulled Article for the qualification of NDE personnel, the qualifi-
shall not be used, unless permitted by the referencing cation shall be in accordance with their employer’s writ-
Code. Qualifications using the provisions of a Code Case ten practice. This written practice shall address the
remain valid after the Code Case is annulled. The Code methods and techniques that are applicable to the organi-
Case number shall be listed on the NDE Procedure or Per- zation’s operations and shall be in accordance with one of
sonnel Certification, as applicable. the following documents:
(1) SNT-TC-1A (2020 Edition),1 Personnel Qualifica-
tion and Certification in Nondestructive Testing, with
the following exceptions:
ð23Þ T-120 GENERAL
(a) Subsection A describes the methods of nondestruc-
tive examination to be used if referenced by other Code
Sections or referencing documents.