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Topic 8 – Acids, Bases and Salts

1. Write down characteristic properties of acids?

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2. Define acids?

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3. Define strong acid? Give 3 examples of strong acids.

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4. Define weak acid? Give 2 example of weak acids.

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5. Write the equation to show dissociation of hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid.

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6. Write the equation to show dissociation of ethanoic acid.

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7. What is the product of acids with base reactions?

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8. What is the product of acids with metal reactions?

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9. What is the product of acids reacting with metal carbonates?

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10. Which metals do not react with dilute acids.

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11. Write down the chemical reaction.

a) Sodium carbonate with hydrochloric acid.

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b) Magnesium with hydrochloric acid

c) Calcium with nitric acid

d) Calcium carbonate with hydrochloric acid.

e) Zinc with hydrochloric acid

f) Zinc with sulfuric acid

g) Zinc carbonate with sulfuric acid

h) Aluminiium with nitric acid

i) Iron with hydrochloric acid

j) Iron with sulfuric acid

k) Copper(ii)carbonate with sulfuric acid

12. What are bases?

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13. What are strong bases/Alkali? Give two example.

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14. What are weak bases/Alkali? Give one example

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15. What are alkalis? Give two example.

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16. Write the equation to show the dissociation of sodium hydroxide.

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17. Write the chemical reaction for the following reactions.

a) Sodium oxide with hydrochloric acid

b) Magnesium oxide with sulfuric acid

c) Copper(ii)oxide with sulfuric acid

d) Iron(iii)oxide with hydrochloric acid

e) Sodium hydroxide with hydrochloric acid

f) Calcium hydroxide with sulfuric acid

g) Zinc hydroxide with nitric acid

h) Copper(ii)hydroxide with hydrochloric acid.

18. Describe an example of a chemical reaction for the reaction of ammonium salt with alkali.

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19. How can you measure pH of a substance by using universal indicator?

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20. Complete the table below about acid / base indicator.

Indicator Colour in Neutral Colour in Acid Colour in Alkali

Methyl orange

Thymolphthalein

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What are basic oxides? Give some example of basic oxides.

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21. What are acidic oxides? Give some example of acidic oxides.

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22. What are amphoteric oxides? Give 2 example.

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23. What are neutral oxides? Give two examples.

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24. Explain why farmers should not add ammonium fertilizer and base such as lime at the same time.

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25. What are the methods of salt peroration? Give an example of salt in each method.

Method Type of salt Type of reaction Example of salt

Titration

Crystallization

Precipitation

26. Explain the practical detail for the preparation of the following salts. Your method should include
starting materials, apparatus and description of the procedure.
a) Sodium chloride crystals

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b) Copper(ii)sulfate crystals

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c) Barium sulfate precipitate

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27. Write the ionic equation for the following reactions.

a) Reaction of aqueous sodium hydroxide with hydrochloric acid

b) Reaction of aqueous calcium hydroxide with sulfuric acid

c) Reaction of aqueous potassium hydroxide with nitric acid

d) Reaction of aqueous silver nitrate with aqueous sodium chloride

e) Reaction of aqueous barium nitrate with aqueous sodium sulfate

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Past Paper Questions

1. The diagram shows the pH values of four solutions.

Which of these solutions are alkaline?

A P only B P and Q only C Q, R and S only D R and S only

2. An element E is burned in air. A white solid oxide is formed. The oxide is tested with damp red litmus paper.
The paper turns blue. What is element E?
A calcium B carbon C iodine D sulfur

3. Some reactions of a substance, R, are shown in the diagram.

What type of substance is R?

A an acid B a base C an element D a salt

4. Which reaction will result in a decrease in pH?

A adding calcium hydroxide to acid soil.
B adding citric acid to sodium hydrogen carbonate solution.
C adding sodium chloride to silver nitrate solution.
D adding sodium hydroxide to hydrochloric acid.

5. A gas is escaping from a pipe in a chemical plant. A chemist tests this gas and finds that it is alkaline. What is
this gas?
A ammonia B chlorine C hydrogen D sulfur dioxide

6. The graph shows how the pH changes as an acid is added to an alkali.

acid + alkali → salt + water
Which letter represents the area of the graph where both acid and salt are present?

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7. Which statements about alkalis are correct?

1 When reacted with an acid, the pH of the alkali increases.
2 When tested with litmus, the litmus turns blue.
3 When warmed with an ammonium salt, ammonia gas is given off.
A 1, 2 and 3 B 1 and 2 only C 1 and 3 only D 2 and 3 only

8. Acids are compounds which donate protons (hydrogen ions).

NH3(aq) + H2O(l) → NH4+(aq) + OH–(aq)
Which compound in this equation is behaving as an acid?
A ammonia B ammonium hydroxide
C none of them D water

9. Which statements about a weak acid, such as ethanoic acid, are correct?
1 It reacts with a carbonate.
2 It does not neutralise aqueous sodium hydroxide solution.
3 It turns red litmus blue.
4 It is only partially ionised in aqueous solution.
A 1 and 3 B 1 and 4 C 2 and 3 D 3 and 4

10. Which reaction is a neutralisation reaction?

A AgNO3 + HCl → AgCl + HNO3
B CaCO3 → CaO + CO2
C 4Na + O2 → 2Na2O
D 2NaOH + H2SO4 → Na2SO4 + 2H2O

11. The positions in the Periodic Table of four elements are shown.
Which element is most likely to form an acidic oxide?

12. Carbon dioxide is an acidic oxide that reacts with aqueous calcium hydroxide.
Which type of reaction takes place?
A decomposition B fermentation
C neutralization D oxidation

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13. Which of the following are properties of the oxides of non-metals?

14. Two oxides, X and Y, are added separately to dilute sulfuric acid and dilute sodium hydroxide.
X reacts with dilute sulfuric acid but Y does not react.
Y reacts with aqueous sodium hydroxide but X does not react.
Which type of oxide are X and Y?

15. The diagram shows one period of the Periodic Table.

Which two elements form acidic oxides?

A carbon and lithium B carbon and neon
C carbon and nitrogen D nitrogen and neon

16. Which statement about oxides is correct?

A A solution of magnesium oxide will have a pH less than 7.
B A solution of sulfur dioxide will have a pH greater than 7.
C Magnesium oxide will react with nitric acid to make a salt.
D Sulfur dioxide will react with hydrochloric acid to make a salt.

17. The oxide of element X forms a solution with pH4.

The oxide of element Y forms a solution that turns Universal Indicator blue.
Which row correctly classifies elements X and Y?

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18. Which oxide is amphoteric?

A aluminium oxide B calcium oxide C carbon monoxide D sodium oxide

19. The reactions of four different oxides W, X, Y and Z are shown.

W reacts with hydrochloric acid but not sodium hydroxide.
X reacts with both hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide.
Y does not react with either hydrochloric acid or sodium hydroxide.
Z reacts with sodium hydroxide but not hydrochloric acid.
Which row shows the correct types of oxide?

20. Magnesium, phosphorus and chlorine are elements in the same period of the Periodic Table.
Which row describes the type of oxide formed by each of these elements?

21. Elements Q and R both burn in air.

The oxides formed both dissolve in water.
The solution of the oxide formed from element Q turns Universal Indicator red.
The solution of the oxide formed from element R turns Universal Indicator blue.
What are Q and R?

22. What is used to test for chlorine?

A a glowing splint B damp litmus paper
C limewater D potassium manganate(VII) solution

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23. A mixture containing two anions was tested and the results are shown below.

Which anions were present?

A carbonate and chloride B carbonate and iodide
C sulfate and chloride D sulfate and iodide

24. Compound P reacts with hydrochloric acid to produce a gas that turns limewater milky.
What is P?
A sodium carbonate B sodium chloride
C sodium hydroxide D sodium sulfate

25. Which ion forms a green precipitate with aqueous sodium hydroxide that dissolves in an excess of aqueous
sodium hydroxide?
A Ca2+ B Cr3+ C Cu2+ D Fe2+

26. Silver chloride is a white solid which is insoluble in water.

Which statement describes how a sample of pure silver chloride can be made?
A Add aqueous silver nitrate to aqueous sodium chloride and then filter.
B Add aqueous silver nitrate to dilute hydrochloric acid, evaporate and then crystallise.
C Add silver carbonate to dilute hydrochloric acid, evaporate and then crystallise.
D Add silver to dilute hydrochloric acid, filter and then wash the residue.

27. A student is given an unknown solution.

Which two tests provide evidence that the solution is copper(II) sulfate?
1 adding dilute hydrochloric acid
2 adding aqueous sodium hydroxide
3 adding dilute nitric acid, then silver nitrate solution
4 adding dilute nitric acid, then barium nitrate solution
A 1 and 3 B 1 and 4 C 2 and 3 D 2 and 4

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