Thesis-Final Draft1-2
Thesis-Final Draft1-2
Thesis-Final Draft1-2
An Undergraduate Thesis
Submitted to the Faculty of the
College of Allied Medical Sciences
Lyceum of the Philippines University Cavite
In Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements for the Degree
Bachelor of Science in Medical Technology
October 2022
Chapter I
INTRODUCTION
under which infectious agents can be safely manipulated. The objective of containment is
to confine biohazards and to reduce the potential exposure of the laboratory worker,
persons outside of the laboratory, and the environment to potentially infectious agents.
Biosafety is the standard to control the associated risks in laboratories and other medical
important controls and prevention that medical practitioners should know. The
laboratories require Biosafety practices that would ensure the safety of the staff, the
environment, and the population in the laboratory that may expose them to any harmful
toxins and dangerous pathogens (Coelho & Dìez, 2015). Mostly the infections occur due
to the interrelationship of the host and dangerous pathogens, a factor that can affect the
occurrence of the infection is related to the host (Siegel, et al. 2007). In this study, the
researchers focus on the different aspects of Biosafety: the proper use of personal
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According to Siegel, et al (2007), personal protective equipment are the barriers to
protect us from various contacts with harmful pathogens. The risk should be lessened by
laboratory safety precautions that provide the safety measures for the individuals that are
exposed in medical care. The responsibility of an individual is to understand the risks that
are associated when working in the laboratory and to have knowledge about the safety
practices to avoid further accidents (Sewell, 2003). Biomedical waste if not discarded
properly would result in the risks to the healthcare workers and waste handlers (Hegde &
RD Kulkarni, 2007). Working safely in a laboratory setting is what the school wants for
Accidents and risks occur when people mishandle or do not know how to use the
equipment correctly.
As stated in the CHED Memorandum No. 13 series of 2017, under article V -
technology/medical laboratory science programs have the units in lecture and laboratory
on the professional courses related to Biosafety during their first year in college. These
units are Principles of Medical Laboratory Science Practice 1-2, and Laboratory
Management. In line with this, the chosen participants of the study are from the first year
to fourth year students in the program of Bachelor of Science in Medical Technology for
first year students already have the knowledge about Biosafety. The researchers would
determine the level of knowledge about Biosafety of the Medical Technology students in
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selected schools in Cavite that offer Bachelor of Science in Medical Technology/Medical
Laboratory Science Program. Furthermore, findings of this study will redound to the
benefit of the Medical Technology students considering that Biosafety is vital in the
This study aims to determine the level of knowledge of the Medical Technology
students in terms of Biosafety Practices in selected schools in Cavite in the year 2020-
2021.
The researchers will be able to come up with an answers to the following questions:
1. What is the demographic profile of the respondents of the study in terms of:
1.2 School?
2. What is the level of knowledge on Biosafety Practices of the respondents in terms of:
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3.3 Waste Management Protocol?
the Medical Technology Students in selected schools in Cavite would provide valuable
For the students, this study will allow them to assess themselves if they have
enough knowledge to work in the laboratory. It would also help them to find out which
areas of Biosafety they lack knowledge about so that they can further improve and
research them.
Instructors can also benefit from this study because it would aid them in finding
out if the students are acquiring the essential knowledge in response to what the teachers
are providing, thus helping them innovate teaching styles to improve the comprehension
of their students.
This study would also benefit Practicing Medical Technologists. They would gain
important information from this study, especially in the field since all the topics covered
in this study are about safety practices and precautions done inside the laboratory.
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Furthermore, it would help the school officials in providing further suggestions
and additional information as to what strategies and techniques in teaching are feasible to
Lastly, for future researchers, this study would be helpful for them to have
resources for their future research about the learning of students in Biosafety and its
importance. It would also give them ideas on how to conduct their future research and
Pratices among the Medical Technology students. The study also includes the significant
relationship between the demographic profile of the respondents and their level of
This study was conducted in Cavite and was only limited to the Medical
Technology students from selected schools who are enrolled in the academic year 2021–
2022. The study was conducted in the months of June to September 2022. The study was
done through the utilization of an online survey questionnaire. With this strategy, the
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This study was limited only to the selected schools in Cavite which offer Medical
Technology Program namely: (1) Cavite State University – Indang, (2) De La Salle
Medical and Health Sciences Institute, and (3) Lyceum of the Philippines University.
Chapter II
This chapter is an overview of previous studies taken from books, e-journals, and
other related studies. This chapter shows the related studies about the Level of
crucial. Bovine illnesses like foot and mouth could have a disastrous impact on the
economy since New Zealand's primary industries are what push the country's economy.
In order to maintain New Zealand's economy, human health, environment, and social and
cultural values, it is critical to make sure that the general public is aware of the
responsible for preserving biosecurity in that country. The analysis showed that
unwelcome plants, animals, and microbes were not topics that New Zealand College
students had a strong understanding of. In New Zealand, these students primarily
perceived possums as undesired creatures and saw illegal drug plants as unwanted plants.
The majority of the undesirable bacteria they knew about in New Zealand were those that
Zealand. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that knowledge of a
subject is essential for enabling people to comprehend biosecurity. The chance to learn
about biosecurity in New Zealand could be offered to senior high and college students
personnel are exposed to clinical specimens, occupational hazards, new infectious agents,
and skills in the laboratory during their education. Biosafety and biosecurity ideas and
biosafety, biosecurity theory, and experimental courses, 642 medical students from
various medical professions were divided into two groups as research objectives and
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clinical practice man-machine interactions. From a four-stage process, the students'
biosafety theory and experimental training. In clinical practice, students might also
variables emerging from crises and accidents. These improved the competency and
proficiency of BSL laboratory users while also ensuring adherence to biosafety and
integrated theoretical and practical training to cover the information and abilities required
in biosafety and biosecurity to ensure safe laboratory operation. These improved BLS
laboratory users' skills and proficiency while also ensuring adherence to biosafety and
biosecurity requirements.
suggested for all laboratory workers in clinical educating facilities. Moreover, yearly
programs that could be used to introduce biosecurity to life scientists and engineers in
higher education. First, by providing an overview of the major conclusions from a variety
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Americas, Europe, Israel, and the Asia-Pacific area. Secondly, outline the creation of
freely available educational resources, outlining their scope and content. Thirdly, by
it at the National Defense Medical College in Japan. Following the discussion of these
experiences, the University of Bradford in the United Kingdom presents its expert-level
"Train-the-Trainer" programs.
With the aid of these examples, readers, including students, will be better able to
comprehend how educators can deepen their understanding of biosecurity issues and how
they can subsequently spread their knowledge by creating their own individualized,
pertinently targeted, and stage-tailored education programs within their life science
communities. The study made the case by using these instances that educating
policymakers, stakeholders, and life scientists about social responsibility for dual-use
issues should not be difficult, costly, or time-consuming. Recurring classes or courses can
be held during educational programs at the proper times to meet students' growing
hospitals are part of the Medical Laboratory Science Education curriculum. The
effectiveness of the teaching strategies, procedures and methods using the existing tools
and equipment will determine if the student’s skills affect their internship performance.
According to the study of Mendoza & Parinas, (2021), shows that the more the students
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engaged in laboratory performances the higher their knowledge about the laboratory
practices.
initial step toward improvement of laboratories and contributing to the culture of safety in
the university. A survey among laboratory workers and ocular inspection of natural
science laboratories was done and showed that the gaps exist in the safety knowledge and
practices of laboratory workers. Since there’s a gaps in safety knowledge and practices of
and be integrated in the overall safety guidelines of the university, and existing guideline
undergraduates that will tackle the basics of safety and security in the laboratory, and that
the equipment and physical design be improved to reduce the risks to acceptable levels
The effectiveness of this training was demonstrated by the final examination, which
students (83.3%) overall. The Pakistan Biological Safety Association (PBSA), a non-
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and implement risk management in Pakistan. This biosafety training program was created
to help M.Phil. students strengthen their capacities. and Ph.D. graduates, who will use the
Basic Medical Sciences Institute's (BMSI), and Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Center's
largest tertiary care hospital, and conducts research and development (R&D) in the
medical sciences.
personnel. Those individuals should have training programs that are appropriate to
laboratory facilities. This study is conducted at the Research Institute for Tropical
Medicine (RITM) and a total of 118 RITM employees are part of the training. RITM
employees training in biosafety is made to develop and improve their knowledge about
biosafety, because of their exposure to infectious agents. Applied biosafety programs are
as collection, handling, testing, storage and disposal of specimens, and isolations of it.
Advanced biosafety training, which focuses on outbreak responders, and regular meetings
are conducted to provide and to share their newly acquired skills, knowledge and
and skills from what they learned in the past but with updated concepts. (Medina et al.,
2017)
Tolentino et al. (2021) conducted a study that focused on the knowledge, attitudes
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online questionnaire was distributed among selected respondents with a total of 244
Filipino RMTs who work in public and private clinical laboratories. The results of their
study showed that the majority of the Filipino registered medical technologists working
This showed how professional groups can work together to raise awareness of
biosafety and biosecurity issues among the public and concerned individuals, which will
help to reduce the likelihood of mistakes and ensure the potential safety and security of
laboratory workers and others who may be exposed to pathogens and contaminants that
Most of the authors focus on how their research might help us comprehend what
this study has to offer. They all agreed that to fully understand the importance of
biosecurity, it must be learned at school to be able to prevent and avoid future disasters in
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Conceptual Framework
and analyze the process and relationship of ideas in the current research study.
INPUT OUTPUT
Demographic profile:
A significant relationship between
the demographic profile of
a. Year Level respondents and their level of
b. School knowledge on Biosafety Practices
in terms of:
Figure 2.1
(TITLE)
process of determining the level of Knowledge of the respondents and how their
demographic profile affects it. The input is the demographic profile (Year Level and
Schools) of the respondents in the study. The input also includes the level of knowledge
These inputs are the variables that are expected to have effects on the output. For
output, determine if the inputs have a significant relationship to the respondents' level of
Definition of terms
Relative to the study, the following terms are used in the context and for the
purpose of this study and are defined accordingly to provide better understanding of the
study.
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Biosafety, a strategic and integrated approach to analyzing and managing relevant
risks to human, animal and plant life and health and associated risks for the environment.
Biomedical waste, are the wastes coming from different health care facilities.
Chemical waste. This refers to wastes from dangerous chemicals that may have
anyone who is exposed. These materials can affect a person’s health and safety.
Hazardous waste. These are wastes that are capable of harming an individual and
Infectious waste. This refers to wastes that are contaminated with agents or fluids
protection equipment, and the employment of the buddy system for particularly
opportunity to acquire knowledge and skills in conducting laboratory tests that will aid in
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Chapter III
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
The chapter presents the methods that are used in the study. This chapter includes
the research design, research locale, materials and equipment, data gathering procedure,
Research Design
measures aspects of results of the following ideas gathered by the data collected.
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situations, a phenomenon that is incomplete and somehow has limited research
The designs are used in this study to determine the level of knowledge of medical
programs in terms of the proper use of personal protective equipment, laboratory safety
practices, and waste management protocol. Then, the data collected were analyzed to
identify the significant relationship between the students’ level of knowledge and their
demographic profile.
The participants of the study are medical technology students from (1) Cavite
State University – Indang, (2) De La Salle Medical and Health Sciences Institute, and (3)
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Cavite State University – Indang 123
Table shows the population frame of the study on which it has a total of 341
respondents. The researchers used convenience sampling as a technique for the medical
researchers depend on their accessibility and availability of the respondents. The study
Research Instrument
A self-made questionnaire was used in this study, where it can assess the
knowledge of the student about Biosafety that is validated by internal and external
validators.
The research instruments were divided into two parts, the first part shows the
demographic profile of the participants such as year level, and school. The second part
student (see Appendix E). To determine the level of knowledge of the respondents, the
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researchers utilized a 5-point Likert scale in the survey questionnaire. The 5-point scale is
the most widely used (universal) data collection tool. (Vagias, Wade M., 2006) The
comparison of external benchmark data. For data gathering, the Likert Scale to be used
Extremely Knowledgeable – 5
Moderately Knowledgeable – 4
Somewhat Knowledgeable – 3
Slightly Knowledgeable – 2
For data analysis, the table below was used to interpret the equivalent remarks
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The questionnaire was validated by the two (2) external validators and one (1)
internal validator. The contents, clarity, and layout of the questionnaire were evaluated
and checked thoroughly by the validators (see appendix B). Pilot testing and reliability
testing were also conducted to a small group of students to ensure the clarity of questions,
but the results were not included in the final analysis conducted (see appendix D).
Data Gathering
The researchers used a self-made questionnaire to collect the needed information
in the study. After the approval of the validators, they started to encode the questions to
Microsoft forms to distribute the survey to the students. Afterwards, the link to the survey
form, together with a consent form, was sent to the class representatives in each selected
school. The class representatives then distributed the links to the other participants. The
participants of the study were given the right to participate or not in the study. The results
were recorded and generated using Microsoft Excel to easily process the data for
statistical analysis. The data gathering was conducted from June to July 2022.
The researchers used appropriate statistical analysis to draw out the needed
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mean, chi-square and Spearman’s Rho were utilized to interpret the calculated values in
For the statistical analysis of the data for Research Question number 1:
profile in terms of demographic characteristic. The data measured identifies the most and
least frequency among the categories set in the variable and all identified demographic
profiles were in the form of data which is the Year Level and School.
For the statistical analysis of the data for Research Questions number 2:
Practices, the Weighted Mean is used. The mean is the most common measure of the
average of data which describes the variables in the form of ratio or interval. The
Standard deviation supports the mean value that is used to determine the ratings of the
respondents' level of knowledge about Biosafety Practices, and it is used to rank the
The responses of the respondents were interpreted using the following scale and
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Table 2. Interpretation for the Level of Knowledge of the Medical Technology students
For the values of mean, Table 2 shows the range of scoring with corresponding
interpretation that applied to the average response of the respondents on the level of
For the statistical analysis of the data for Research Question number 3:
To determine the significant relationship between the demographic profile and the
level of knowledge of the respondents about Biosafety Practices the inferential statistics
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The Spearman's Rho is a type of rank correlation statistics that measures the
degree of similarity between two or more rankings and can be used to assess the
significance of the relation between them. While Chi - Square test of independence is
variables. Since the year levels of the respondents are ordinal associations, the
Spearman’s Rho shall be used in identifying their significant relationship to the level of
knowledge of the respondents on Biosafety. On the other hand, the schools are not
ordinal variables; it is classified as a categorical data thus, the Chi - Square test shall be
used for categorical data to determine the same population of variables in the study.
Chapter IV
This chapter presents the results, interpretation, and analysis of the gathered data
from the provided questionnaires and methods used in the study. This chapter includes
the data gathering procedure conducted in months. Thus, the result of the study is
discussed as follows:
Table 3.
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Demographic profile of the respondents
Table 3. Demographic profile of the respondent.
Demographic Profile Category Frequency Percent
As shown in Table 3,(As shown in Table 3) most of the respondents are students
from the Third- and Fourth-Year College (25.50%) which has tallied a single response,
followed by the First Year College (24.60%) and lastly the Second Year College
(24.30%). Most of the students came from De La Salle Medical and Health Sciences
Institute (52.20%), followed by Cavite State University - Indang (36.10%) and Lyceum
Table 4.1. Descriptive statistics output on the level of knowledge of the respondents
about biosafety practices in terms of proper use of personal protective equipment
1. I know that I should use safety glasses or goggles to reduce the risk of the eye 4.48 EK
being exposed to the chemicals.
2. I know that when doffing the first to remove is the gloves. 4.28 EK
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3. I know that I should wear rubber gloves when working with heat and electricity. 3.99 MK
4. I know that lab coats should be only worn inside the laboratory. 4.48 EK
5. I am aware that I should not take outside personal protective equipment that is 4.52 EK
used in the laboratory, which can carry incidental contamination that can put a
potential risk in the health of an individual
6. I know that I should wear head protection like a bouffant cap when working with 4.05 MK
biohazards.
7. When the noise inside the laboratory is greater than 85 decibels, I know that I 3.51 MK
should wear hearing protection.
8. I always perform hand washing before putting on the surgical gloves and after 4.43 EK
removing surgical gloves to avoid transmission-based pathogens.
10. I am aware that a respirator worn in BSL-3 is used to cover the entire head to 4.19 MK
filter out infectious agents and toxins particles that might enter our body through the
nose and mouth.
As portrayed by the table above, the respondents of the study are identified as
Extremely Knowledgeable with a grand mean of 4.23. The respondents show highest
knowledge in statement number 5 “I am aware that I should not take outside personal
protective equipment that is used in the laboratory, which can carry incidental
contamination that can put a potential risk in the health of an individual”. The result
suggests that the respondents are Extremely aware that personal protective equipment can
pose different risks when brought outside of the laboratory premises. Meanwhile,
respondents show lowest knowledge on statement number 7 “When the noise inside the
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laboratory is greater than 85 decibels, I know that I should wear hearing protection”. One
possible reason that the respondents are least knowledgeable about this statement is that
because noise is not being emphasized as a serious health hazard to the public. According
to Fink (2016), even though noise has already been considered as a health hazard, it is
only treated as an environmental pollutant. He also added that The Noise Control Act
established in 1972 that promotes all Americans free from noise that jeopardized their
health and welfare was never adequately funded or supported thus, knowledge of the
Table 4.2. Descriptive statistics output on the level of knowledge of the respondents about
biosafety practices in terms of laboratory safety practices
3. When inside the laboratory I go out when I’m consuming food and 4.46 EK
beverages.
4. I always wear a face mask when going inside the laboratory to avoid 4.43 EK
inhaling all chemical materials and microorganisms which are treated as
potential pathogens.
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5. I always handle microbes and anything that can cause aerosol 4.21 EK
infections inside the biosafety cabinet.
6. I always put labels on the supplies and equipment stored inside the 4.33 EK
laboratory to prevent contamination and mishandling.
7. I always check the expiration of the reagent before using it to prevent 4.29 EK
wrong results of the test.
8. I always check for defects of all equipment inside the laboratory to 4.25 EK
avoid inadequate results of machines that are being used every day. (e.g.,
centrifuge and spectrophotometer)
9. I know that emergency showers, and eyewash stations are used inside 4.44 EK
the laboratory when an individual is accidentally spilled with hazardous
chemicals.
As portrayed by table 4.2, the statement number 9 “I know emergency showers,
and eyewash stations are used inside the laboratory when an individual is accidentally
spilled with hazardous chemicals” has the highest equivalent mean which is 4.44.
According to the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, when there are
chemical burns in the eye, immediately flush the eye with water for at least 15 minutes.
The statement number 6 “I always handle microbes and anything that can cause aerosol
infection inside the biosafety cabinet” has the lowest mean equivalent to 4.21 which
suggests that the respondents are least knowledgeable in the use of biosafety cabinets.
This contradicts the similar study conducted by Miring’u et.al (2017) about the basic
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knowledge of medical practitioners about handling biosafety cabinets. In the study by
Miring’u et. al, most of the participants (92%) has adequate knowledge in handling
biosafety cabinets.
Table 4.3. Descriptive statistics output on the level of knowledge of the respondents
about biosafety practices in terms of waste management protocol
Constructed Statement Mean Interpretation
2. I know that prior to the disposal of the cultivated organism, all the 4.20 EK
laboratory equipment used must first be autoclaved.
5. I know that if it’s toxic, flammable, corrosive and water reactive I should 4.24 EK
consider it as a chemical hazardous waste.
6. I always separate the aqueous wastes from the wastes from organic 4.18 MK
solvent. Failure to put them in containers might result in corrosion.
7. I know that syringes are discarded to a specific container inside the 4.44 EK
laboratory, and it is labeled in sharps.
9. I know that hazardous chemicals must never be poured down the drain as 4.35 EK
a method of disposal.
10. I am aware that urine, feces and vomits that are administered with 4.26 EK
cytotoxic drugs are considered as genotoxic wastes which are highly
hazardous.
As portrayed by table 4.3, The statement 1‘I make sure to always observe proper
segregation of waste materials inside the laboratory to minimize the risks posed by
mixing incompatible waste” as the highest mean which is 4.58. According to the study of
Hegde V., Kulkarni R. D., Ajantha G. (2007) The spread of infection is reduced due to
proper segregation of wastes and also placing different wastes to labeled containers and
color-coded waste bags because the careless disposal of wastes is a high risk to any waste
handlers. The lack of knowledge about proper waste segregation can lead to occupational
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and waste problems. (Patwary et al., 2011). According to Kumar, Madhu. (2017) The
Knowledge of Medical Students is good regarding health care hazardous, waste handling
and waste management plans. Medical students have the knowledge about proper
segregation and color coding of waste bags. The lowest means is 4.00 stating the
statement 3 I know that the temperature requirement for autoclaving of waste materials is
to maintain 120-degree Celsius that should last for 10-15 hours”. The lowest result is
contrary to the study of Akshat S., et al., (2019) where the undergraduate dental students
and interns are aware of the uses of autoclave. Effective methods of autoclaving and
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equipment
Biosafety Practices when they are grouped according to their year level. The three aspects
of Biosafety Practices include the use of personal protective equipment, laboratory safety
procedures, and waste management protocols that are associated with the respondents'
year level.
In this table all the (3) aspects of biosafety practices are statistically significant to
the year level of the respondent, but the proper use of personal protective equipment
shows the highest rating relationship (0.528) among the aspects of biosafety practices.
This will prove that the knowledge of the student in terms of this aspect is much higher
compared to other aspects. According to Lai, P. K. (2021, September 2), this study
showed that there is better awareness and practice when emphasis is made on PPE use in
medical school. The result of this study proves that the practices and awareness of the
student in terms of personal use or protective equipment are higher than the other (2)
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Hence, the year level where the respondents are connected is related to their
laboratory safety practices. The level of knowledge was significantly correlated with year
at college; this can be explained by the fact that those at advanced years are more
exposed to clinical practices with substantial exposures to patients, clinical practices and
senior clinical staff in hospital wards compared to 4th and 5th year (Amin et al., 2013).
The correlation coefficient of the Laboratory Safety Practices is 0.426 which means that
when there is an increase in the first variable which is the year level it can increase the
second variable. Thus, this signifies the fact that the level of knowledge of the student
In the waste management protocol aspect of Biosafety Practices, it shows that the
year level shows a great impact for the students when learning about this aspect of
Biosafety the waste management protocol, in table , it shows that it has 0.521 correlation
coefficient which means that there is a significant relationship between the Waste
Management Protocol and the level of knowledge of the student which contradict to the
study of Dolipas et al. (2020) which states that the knowledge of the student about waste
management is not a factor of year level however, when talking about biodegradable type
of wastes, compared to other year levels, third year students have low awareness about
biodegradable wastes.
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Table 6. Relationship between the level knowledge of the respondents on biosafety
practices when grouped according to their school
relationships.
Biosafety Practices and when they are grouped according to their year level. The three
laboratory safety procedures, and waste management protocols that are associated with
It revealed that the schools where the respondents are connected is related to the
proper use of personal protective equipment, the table shows a significant relationship
between the school and the level of knowledge of the students about the proper use of
personal protective equipment. It is evident in the p-value 0.002 generated from the test
value (chi-square test) of 18.245 with degrees of freedom of 6. Since p-value is less than
0.05 level of confidence, it signifies that the school has something to do with the
knowledge of the students in terms of the proper use of personal protective equipment.
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According to Villamagna and Bonura (2020) The early career engagement and ideas of
students about the proper use of personal protective equipment happened in schools. It is
the place where the students are engaged about the importance of creating a safe work
environment, especially students who are in medical schools, that will handle dangerous
pathogens. Studying is important for the proper use of personal protective equipment to
Likewise, the school where the respondents are connected is related to their
laboratory safety practices. It is evident in the p-value 0.000 generated from the test value
(chi-square test) of 27.307 with degrees of freedom of 6. Since p-value is less than 0.05
level of confidence, it signifies that the school has something to do with the knowledge of
the students in terms of laboratory safety practices. Safety culture of students would
increase if they knew the importance of risk management inside the laboratories of their
schools, they would carry it up until they work as healthcare personnel. (Nasrallah et al.,
2022)
In the waste management protocol aspect of Biosafety Practices, it shows that the
school shows a great impact for the students when learning about this aspect of Biosafety
the waste management protocol, because in the table, it shows that the result of the p-
value 0.006 is lower than the 0.05 level of confidence and also the test value (chi-square
test) of 19.292 with degrees of freedom of 6. The study of Rada et al., (2016) states that
the proper waste program should be included for educational curriculum. Without the
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proper education, knowledge, awareness and cooperation, waste management would not
be successful.
Chapter V
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SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
This chapter presents the summary of the research study, the conclusions drawn
Summary
The safety of the medical practitioners is one of the most important to be
considered when working in a laboratory setting. The proper handling of specimens and
proper hazards should be known by a medical practitioner to avoid any accidents that
may occur. The study determined the level of knowledge of the Medical Technology
students about the following: proper use of personal protective equipment, laboratory
safety practices, and waste management protocol inside the laboratory facilities. The
demographic profile of the respondents is one of the parts of the study; it includes the
age, year level and school. Based on the results, the demographic profile of the
Practices.
quantitative descriptive study. A self-made questionnaire has been given to the three
hundred forty one (341) Medical Technology students who participated in the study to
gather necessary data from them. It has two parts; the first part shows the demographic
profile of the respondents such as age, year level, and school. The second part will focus
43
on determining the level of knowledge about Biosafety Practices of a Medical
constructed in Microsoft forms, it is the data gathering tool used to create the survey
forms and to share it to the respondents of the study. The results of the survey form were
downloaded in a spreadsheet and the data are used for the analysis of statistical data. The
statistical analysis uses frequency distribution and percentage, standard deviation, chi-
square test and spearman’s rho. The equivalent interpretation of the mean scores were
4.21 - 5.00 for extremely knowledgeable, 3.41 - 4.20 for moderately knowledgeable, 2.61
- 3.40 for somewhat knowledgeable, 1.81 - 2.60 for slightly knowledgeable, and 1.00 -
Based on the results, the descriptive statistics revealed that the respondents were
extremely knowledgeable on the three aspects of Biosafety Practices namely proper use
control. The correlations of the relationship of each of the three aspects were interpreted
using a spearman rho and chi-square test output; the results show a significant
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Conclusion
Based on the findings of the study, the following conclusion were drawn:
1. In the demographic profile of the respondents, the results show that most of the
respondents' ages were from eighteen (18) to twenty-four (24) years of age. Early
adulthood or students from their twenties up to mid- twenties are still studying to
2. The results show that the students are extremely knowledgeable in all three
protocol.
each other. In respondents' level of knowledge and their year level, it was
revealed that their year level is associated with their knowledge in the different
aspects of Biosafety Practices as the activity levels of the students are being
upgraded from the time they started as a first year students up until they become
fourth year students. It was also shown that the school greatly affects the students'
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Recommendations
Based on the conclusions and from the interpreted data results, the following
1. The schools should maintain or even improve the learning methods they apply to
their students and consistently establish and maintain the thorough planning of the
educational institutions and to increase the number of the respondents who will
4. For future researchers, to consider other aspects aside from the level of
5. Future researchers may determine the level of knowledge of the students in other
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REFERENCES
i. JOURNALS
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