SPM Notes

5/17/23, 10:59 PM Software Project Management Important Questions
GET SET STUDY
Software Project Management Important Questions

May 12, 2023
Unit-I
SOFTWARE PROJECT MANA…

MANA…
1. Define Software Project Management and explain its importance in

software development.
Software Project Management (SPM) is the process of planning, organizing,

staffing, directing, and controlling the development of software products. It is a
specialized area of project management that focuses on software development
projects. SPM involves defining project goals, objectives, scope, and requirements,
estimating resources and time needed, and identifying risks and potential
problems.
SPM is important in software development for several reasons:
Helps in achieving project goals: SPM provides a framework for planning,

organizing, and managing software development projects to achieve the desired
goals within the specified constraints.
https://getsetstudies.blogspot.com/2023/05/software-project-management-8th-sem-important-questions.html 1/15
Ensures quality: SPM helps to ensure that the software product is delivered on
time, within budget, and meets the quality requirements.
Maximizes resources: SPM helps to identify and allocate resources effectively to

ensure optimal utilization of available resources.
Manages risks: SPM helps to identify potential risks and develop plans to manage
them effectively, minimizing their impact on the project.
Enhances communication: SPM promotes effective communication and

collaboration between team members, stakeholders, and customers, which is
critical for the success of any software project.
Increases productivity: SPM helps to ensure that the software development

process is efficient, effective, and meets the desired productivity levels.
2. Differentiate between Software Project and other types of projects.
Software projects are different from other types of projects in the following ways:
Software projects have a high degree of complexity due to the intangible

nature of software.
Software projects are highly dynamic in nature due to changing
requirements, technologies, and customer needs.
Software projects have a higher degree of risk and uncertainty due to the
lack of predictability in the software development process.
Software projects require specialized skills and knowledge in software
development, testing, and maintenance.
3. Explain the various activities covered under Software Project

Management.
Project planning: This involves defining the project scope, objectives, deliverables,
and timelines, and identifying the resources required.
Project estimation: This involves estimating the effort, time, and cost required to
complete the project, and identifying the risks involved.
Project scheduling: This involves creating a project schedule, defining the tasks
and their dependencies, and allocating resources to them.
Project tracking and control: This involves monitoring the project progress,
identifying deviations from the plan, and taking corrective actions to bring the
project back on track.
Risk management: This involves identifying potential risks, assessing their impact
and likelihood, and implementing measures to mitigate them.
Quality management: This involves defining quality standards, establishing

processes to achieve them, and monitoring and controlling the quality of
deliverables.
4. Categorize Software Projects and explain their characteristics.
Software projects can be categorized into the following types:
Product development projects: These involve the development of new software

products or the enhancement of existing ones.
Process improvement projects: These involve the improvement of software

development processes, such as adopting new methodologies, tools, or best
practices.
Maintenance and support projects: These involve the maintenance and support of
existing software products, such as fixing defects, updating features, or providing
customer support.
Research and development projects: These involve the development of new

technologies, methodologies, or algorithms for software development.
The characteristics of software projects include high complexity, high risk,

changing requirements, high degree of uncertainty, need for specialized skills and
knowledge, and high degree of interdependence among project activities.
5. What is a project system and how it is managed?
A project system is a collection of elements, including people, processes, and

tools, that work together to achieve project objectives. Project management
involves coordinating and managing all of these elements to ensure the project is
completed on time, within budget, and to the required quality. Managing a project
system involves planning, executing, monitoring, and controlling project activities,
as well as managing project risks and communicating with stakeholders.
6. Explain the basic concepts of project scheduling and planning.
Project scheduling and planning involves defining project objectives, identifying

project scope, developing a project plan, estimating project resources, and
creating a project schedule. The basic concepts of project scheduling and planning
include defining project activities, sequencing those activities, estimating activity
durations, and developing a project schedule. The project schedule is an essential
tool for tracking project progress and ensuring that project deadlines are met.
7. Define a task set and task network and how they are useful in
scheduling.
A task set is a collection of related tasks that are performed together to

accomplish a specific goal. In project management, a task set represents a group
of interdependent tasks that must be completed to achieve a particular project
objective. The task set can be further broken down into smaller tasks, and each
task can be assigned a duration, a start and end date, and dependencies on other
tasks.
A task network is a diagram that represents the sequence of tasks in a project and
their dependencies on each other. It is also known as a network diagram or a PERT
(Program Evaluation and Review Technique) chart. The task network shows the
logical relationships between tasks, including which tasks must be completed
before others can begin, which tasks can be performed in parallel, and the critical
path, which is the sequence of tasks that must be completed on time to ensure
the project is finished within the required timeframe.
Task sets and task networks are useful in scheduling because they provide a clear
understanding of the tasks that need to be performed and their
interdependencies. This information is critical for creating an accurate project

schedule, which helps to ensure that the project is completed on time and within
budget. By breaking down a project into smaller, manageable tasks, project
managers can assign resources more effectively, monitor progress, and identify
potential scheduling conflicts or delays. Additionally, task networks help project
managers to identify the critical path, which is the sequence of tasks that have the
most significant impact on the project schedule and timeline.
8. Explain earned value analysis indicators and their importance in

project management.
Earned value analysis (EVA) is a technique used in project management to track

and evaluate a project's progress in terms of cost and schedule performance. The
EVA indicators are used to measure a project's performance against its planned
performance. The three main EVA indicators are:
Planned Value (PV): The total planned cost of the work scheduled to be completed
at a given point in time.
Earned Value (EV): The total cost of the work actually completed at a given point
in time.
Actual Cost (AC): The total actual cost incurred to complete the work at a given
point in time.
EVA provides a clear picture of the project's performance, indicating whether the
project is ahead of schedule and under budget or behind schedule and over
budget. It helps project managers to identify potential issues early on and take
corrective actions to keep the project on track.
9. Define Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) and how it is used in

software project management.
Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) is a hierarchical decomposition of the project scope into
smaller, more manageable components. It helps project managers to break down complex
projects into smaller, more manageable tasks and to ensure that all project work is accounted
for. A WBS can be used to identify project tasks, schedule activities, estimate costs, and
allocate resources.
WBS is an important tool in software project management as it helps to identify all the work
that needs to be done to complete a project, and provides a clear structure for project planning
and scheduling. A WBS can also be used to track project progress, identify potential issues,
and make sure that all work is completed on time and within budget.
10. Explain the process of selecting a project, identifying its scope and
objectives, analyzing its characteristics, and identifying project products
and activities.
The process of selecting a project, identifying its scope and objectives, analyzing
its characteristics, and identifying project products and activities is known as
project identification and selection. This process involves the following steps:
Project selection: Identify potential projects and select the one that best aligns
with the organization's goals and objectives.
Project scope and objectives: Define the project scope and objectives, including
what the project will deliver, its timeframe, and its budget.
Project infrastructure: Identify the resources needed to complete the project,

including people, equipment, and technology.
Project characteristics: Analyze the project's characteristics, such as its

complexity, level of risk, and technical requirements.
Project products and activities: Identify the products that the project will deliver
and the activities that will be required to complete those products.
The process of project identification and selection is critical in software project

management as it helps to ensure that projects are aligned with organizational
goals, are feasible, and have a clear scope and objectives. By identifying project
characteristics and products, project managers can better plan and manage the
project, allocate resources, and track progress.
Unit-II
SOFTWARE PROJECT MANA…

MANA…
1. Explain software project estimation and the various techniques used

for it.
Software project estimation is the process of predicting the effort, time, and
resources required to develop a software system. Various techniques are used for
software project estimation such as expert judgment, algorithmic models, and
estimation by analogy. Expert judgment is based on the opinion and experience of
experts, while algorithmic models use mathematical equations to estimate the
project's parameters. Estimation by analogy is based on comparing the current
project with past similar projects to estimate the required effort and resources.
2. Describe empirical estimation models and their use in software project

management.
Empirical estimation models are based on the statistical analysis of data collected
from previous software development projects. These models use historical data to
make predictions about future software development projects. The most
commonly used empirical estimation models are COCOMO (Constructive Cost
Model) and its variants, such as COCOMO II and COCOMO 81.
COCOMO is a regression-based model that estimates the effort required to

develop a software system based on the size and complexity of the project.
COCOMO II is an updated version of COCOMO that includes additional factors such
as team experience, software reuse, and development environment. COCOMO 81
is a simplified version of COCOMO that uses only three factors to estimate the
effort required to develop a software system: size, complexity, and development
environment.
Empirical estimation models are useful in software project management because

they provide a more accurate estimate of the effort and resources required for
software development projects. However, these models are only as good as the
historical data used to build them, and they may not be accurate for projects that
are significantly different from the projects used to develop the model.
3. Explain estimation techniques for object-oriented projects, Agile

development, and Web engineering projects.
Object-oriented projects: In object-oriented projects, estimation is based on the

size and complexity of classes and objects. A common technique used for
estimation in object-oriented projects is Function Point Analysis (FPA), which takes
into account the number of inputs, outputs, inquiries, files, and interfaces in the
system. Other techniques used for estimation in object-oriented projects include
Object Points, Use Case Points, and Feature Points.
Agile development: Agile development is a methodology that emphasizes iterative

and incremental development, where requirements and solutions evolve through
the collaborative effort of self-organizing and cross-functional teams. Estimation in
Agile development is typically done using story points, which are a measure of the
relative size and complexity of user stories. A user story is a high-level definition
of a requirement, expressed in a way that can be understood by both the
development team and the customer.
Web engineering projects: Estimation in Web engineering projects is based on the

size and complexity of the website or web application. A common technique used
for estimation in Web engineering projects is Web Function Point Analysis
(WebFPA), which takes into account the number of pages, forms, and other web-
specific features in the system. Other techniques used for estimation in Web
engineering projects include Web Object Points and Web Use Case Points.
4. Define cost-benefit analysis and its importance in software project

management.
Cost-benefit analysis is a decision-making technique used in software project

management to determine the economic feasibility of a project by comparing the
costs of implementing the project with the benefits it will generate. It involves
identifying and quantifying all costs and benefits associated with a project and
then analyzing them to determine if the benefits justify the costs.
The importance of cost-benefit analysis in software project management is that it

helps project managers to make informed decisions about whether to proceed
with a project or not. By analyzing the costs and benefits of a project, project
managers can identify the potential risks and rewards associated with the project.
They can also determine if the project is financially feasible and whether it will
generate a positive return on investment. This information is crucial for making
informed decisions about whether to proceed with the project or not, and if so,
how to manage it effectively to achieve the desired outcomes.
5. Explain cash flow forecasting and its role in software project

management.
Cash flow forecasting is a financial management technique that involves predicting

and tracking the inflow and outflow of cash within an organization. In software
project management, cash flow forecasting is an essential tool for managing
project finances and ensuring that there is adequate cash flow to meet the
project's needs.
The process of cash flow forecasting begins with the identification of all cash
inflows and outflows associated with the project. This includes all project costs,
such as labor, materials, equipment, and overheads, as well as any revenue or
funding sources.
Once the cash inflows and outflows have been identified, they are projected over
time to create a cash flow forecast. This forecast enables project managers to
anticipate cash shortfalls or surpluses and take appropriate actions to manage
them.
In software project management, cash flow forecasting is particularly important

because software development projects often involve significant upfront costs,
with revenue generated only after the project is completed. By forecasting cash
flows and managing cash effectively, project managers can ensure that the project
stays on budget and on schedule.
6. Describe the various cost-benefit evaluation techniques used in

software project management.
Cost-benefit evaluation is a technique used in software project management to

evaluate the benefits and costs of a software project. There are various cost-
benefit evaluation techniques used in software project management, some of
which are:
Return on Investment (ROI) - It is the ratio of the net benefit of a project to the
cost of the project. It helps in evaluating the financial feasibility of the project.
Net Present Value (NPV) - It is the difference between the present value of the
expected cash inflows and the present value of the expected cash outflows. It
helps in determining the profitability of the project.
Internal Rate of Return (IRR) - It is the discount rate at which the NPV of a project
is zero. It helps in evaluating the financial feasibility of the project.
Payback Period - It is the time required for a project to recover its initial
investment. It helps in determining the financial feasibility of the project.
Cost-effectiveness analysis - It is a technique used to compare the costs and

benefits of different software development alternatives.
Sensitivity Analysis - It is a technique used to evaluate the impact of changes in

assumptions or parameters on the project's cost-benefit analysis.
These techniques help project managers to make informed decisions and choose
the most feasible software project.
7. Explain the process of risk evaluation in software project management.
The process of risk evaluation in software project management involves identifying

and analyzing potential risks that could impact the project schedule, budget, or
quality of the final product. This process helps project managers to anticipate and
mitigate potential problems before they occur, minimizing the negative impact on
the project. The steps involved in risk evaluation include:
Identifying potential risks: This involves brainstorming with the project team and
other stakeholders to identify potential risks that could impact the project.
Analyzing risks: Once potential risks have been identified, the project team
analyzes each risk to determine the probability and impact of its occurrence.
Developing risk mitigation strategies: Based on the analysis, the project team
develops strategies to mitigate the risks and reduce their impact on the project.
Monitoring and controlling risks: Once risk mitigation strategies have been
developed, the project team monitors the risks to ensure that they are under
control and that new risks are identified and addressed in a timely manner.
8. Describe the selection of an appropriate project report and its

importance.
A project report is a document that summarizes the project status, progress, and
outcomes. The report provides stakeholders with a comprehensive understanding
of the project and its impact on the organization. The selection of an appropriate
project report is important because it helps to ensure that stakeholders have
access to accurate and timely information about the project. The selection of a
project report will depend on factors such as the scope of the project, the
intended audience, and the level of detail required. Some common types of
project reports include status reports, progress reports, and final project reports.
The project manager should select the appropriate type of report based on the
needs of the stakeholders and the stage of the project.
9. Explain the choice of process model in software project management.

The choice of process model is an important decision in software project

management as it determines the approach and methods that will be used to
develop the software. The process model provides a framework for planning,
designing, implementing, and testing the software. There are various types of
process models available, each with its own strengths and weaknesses.
Some common process models used in software project management include the
waterfall model, spiral model, and agile model. The waterfall model is a linear
sequential approach where each phase of the project is completed before moving
on to the next phase. The spiral model is an iterative approach where the project
is developed in cycles, with each cycle adding new functionality. The agile model is
a flexible and adaptive approach where the project is developed in iterations, with
a focus on delivering working software quickly and responding to changes in
requirements.
The choice of process model will depend on factors such as the size and
complexity of the project, the level of uncertainty and risk, and the team's
expertise and experience. It is important to select a process model that is
appropriate for the project's specific needs and to ensure that the team is trained
and equipped to use the selected model effectively.
10. Describe the various software development methodologies such as

structured methods, rapid application development, waterfall, spiral
models, prototyping delivery, and Albrecht function point analysis.
There are several software development methodologies, each with its own
approach to software development. Some of the commonly used methodologies
are:
Structured Methods: This approach follows a step-by-step process to develop

software. It involves the analysis of the problem, design of the solution, and
implementation of the solution in a structured manner. Structured methods are
usually used for small-scale projects where the requirements are well defined.
Rapid Application Development (RAD): This approach focuses on rapid prototyping

and iterative development. RAD is used for projects where requirements are
unclear or evolving and where quick delivery is a priority.
Waterfall Model: The waterfall model is a linear sequential approach where the
software development process is divided into distinct phases, and each phase
must be completed before the next phase begins. The waterfall model is best
suited for projects where the requirements are well understood and do not change
much during the project.
Spiral Model: The spiral model combines the waterfall model with an iterative
approach. The spiral model involves risk analysis at every phase and is best suited
for large-scale, complex projects with evolving requirements.
Prototyping Delivery: In this approach, a prototype is developed to get feedback

from stakeholders and to refine the requirements. Prototyping is used for projects
where the requirements are unclear or evolving, and where quick delivery is a
priority.
Albrecht Function Point Analysis: This is a method used for estimating the size of a
software project and the effort required to develop it. It is based on the number
and complexity of the software functions that need to be developed.
Each methodology has its own advantages and disadvantages, and the choice of
methodology depends on the nature and complexity of the project, the level of
certainty about requirements, and the level of risk involved.
SPM
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5/17/23, 10:59 PM Software Project Management Important Questions

GET SET STUDY

Software Project Management Important Questions

SOFTWARE PROJECT MANA…

1. Define Software Project Management and explain its importance in

Software Project Management (SPM) is the process of planning, organizing,

SPM is important in software development for several reasons:

Helps in achieving project goals: SPM provides a framework for planning,

Maximizes resources: SPM helps to identify and allocate resources effectively to

Enhances communication: SPM promotes effective communication and

Increases productivity: SPM helps to ensure that the software development

2. Differentiate between Software Project and other types of projects.

Software projects have a high degree of complexity due to the intangible

3. Explain the various activities covered under Software Project

Quality management: This involves defining quality standards, establishing

4. Categorize Software Projects and explain their characteristics.

Software projects can be categorized into the following types:

Product development projects: These involve the development of new software

Process improvement projects: These involve the improvement of software

Research and development projects: These involve the development of new

The characteristics of software projects include high complexity, high risk,

5. What is a project system and how it is managed?

A project system is a collection of elements, including people, processes, and

6. Explain the basic concepts of project scheduling and planning.

Project scheduling and planning involves defining project objectives, identifying

A task set is a collection of related tasks that are performed together to

interdependencies. This information is critical for creating an accurate project

8. Explain earned value analysis indicators and their importance in

Earned value analysis (EVA) is a technique used in project management to track

9. Define Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) and how it is used in

Project infrastructure: Identify the resources needed to complete the project,

Project characteristics: Analyze the project's characteristics, such as its

The process of project identification and selection is critical in software project

SOFTWARE PROJECT MANA…

1. Explain software project estimation and the various techniques used

2. Describe empirical estimation models and their use in software project

COCOMO is a regression-based model that estimates the effort required to

Empirical estimation models are useful in software project management because

3. Explain estimation techniques for object-oriented projects, Agile

Object-oriented projects: In object-oriented projects, estimation is based on the

Agile development: Agile development is a methodology that emphasizes iterative

Web engineering projects: Estimation in Web engineering projects is based on the

4. Define cost-benefit analysis and its importance in software project

Cost-benefit analysis is a decision-making technique used in software project

The importance of cost-benefit analysis in software project management is that it

5. Explain cash flow forecasting and its role in software project

Cash flow forecasting is a financial management technique that involves predicting

In software project management, cash flow forecasting is particularly important

6. Describe the various cost-benefit evaluation techniques used in

Cost-benefit evaluation is a technique used in software project management to

Cost-effectiveness analysis - It is a technique used to compare the costs and

Sensitivity Analysis - It is a technique used to evaluate the impact of changes in

7. Explain the process of risk evaluation in software project management.

The process of risk evaluation in software project management involves identifying

8. Describe the selection of an appropriate project report and its

9. Explain the choice of process model in software project management.

The choice of process model is an important decision in software project

10. Describe the various software development methodologies such as

Structured Methods: This approach follows a step-by-step process to develop