0% found this document useful (0 votes)
15 views17 pages

Lec 3

Download as pdf or txt
Download as pdf or txt
Download as pdf or txt
You are on page 1/ 17

Estimation

Estimation

Estimation is the scientific way of working out the


approximate cost of an engineering project before
execution of the work.

 It is totally different from calculation of the exact cost after


completion of the project.
 Estimation requires a thorough knowledge of the construction
procedures and cost of materials & labor in addition to the skill,
experience, foresight and good judgment.
Estimate

An estimate of the cost of a construction job is the


probable cost of that job as computed from plans and
specifications.
For a good estimate the, actual cost of the proposed work after
completion should not differ by more then 5 to 10 % from its
approximate cost estimate, provided there are no unusual,
unforeseen circumstances.
Project Estimate Flow Chart

Design Quantity Project


Drawings Sheets BOQs
Estimate

Rate
Analysis
Definitions
 Quantity Sheets (Take Off Sheets)
The quantity of material in a project, determined from the drawings. It
records the amount and unit of measure.
Definitions
 BOQs (Bill of Quantities)
Provides an extensive and itemized trade list, including a description
and quantity, of each of the components or items required for a
construction project.
Definitions
 Rate Analysis
It entails a systematic review for predicting cost of materials, labor,
support services, and facilities needed for performing any activity
Cost Estimation
 The construction documents include working drawings, technical
specifications, conditions of contract and other documents relevant to
the bidding process. These documents actually define the scope of
the work.
 The ability of the cost estimator to visualize all of the components of
a project using these documents is a prime ingredient to prepare
successful estimates.
 After verifying the integrity and correctness of the construction
documents, quantity take off (QTO) is performed to determine the
amount of different materials that will be purchased from the market.
 In addition to material costs other direct and indirect cost
components are estimated and added together including the profit
considerations to arrive at the total bid amount.
Construction Cost

 There are various type of costs associated with a project


based on phases of a project life cycle. Some of these
include:
 Designing costs
 Construction costs
 Operation & Maintenance costs (O&M)
 Disposal Costs
 Construction cost estimation is primarily concerned with the
determination of costs associated with the construction phase
of a project lifecycle.
Cost Components

 Components of Costs Specific to a Construction Project.

Home office overhead /


indirect overhead costs

Job overhead / general conditions /


direct overhead costs. Can range
from 15-40% of the total project
cost.

Total Cost= Direct Cost+ Indirect Cost


Site Conditions Affecting The Overall
Cost
1. Each type of work requires a different method of construction.
Construction may be of an ordinary house or office and it may also
be of a Dam, Tunnel, Multistory building, Airport, Bridge, or a
Road, already in operation. Each of these works requires totally
different construction techniques, type of machinery, and formwork.
2. Quality of labor and labor output varies in different localities.
3.Weather conditions greatly affect the output and, hence, the
overall cost.
4. Ground conditions vary and change the method of construction.
For example, excavation may be dry, wet, hard, soft, shallow or
deep requiring different efforts.
Site Conditions Affecting The Overall
Cost

5. The work may be in open ground such as fields or it may be in


congested areas such as near or on the public roads,
necessitating extensive watching, lightening, and controlling
efforts, etc.
6. The source of availability of a sufficient supply of materials of
good quality is also a factor.
7. The availability of construction machinery also affects the
method of construction.
8. Access to the site must be reasonable. If the access is poor,
temporary roads may be constructed.
Essential Qualities Of A Good Estimator

 Before preparing the estimate, the estimator should visit the site and
make a study of conditions, there. For example, if the construction of a
large building is planned, the estimator or his representative should visit
the site and:
 Note the location of the proposed building.
 Get all data available regarding the soil.
 Make a sketch of the site showing all important details.
 Obtain information concerning light, power, and water.
 Secure information concerning banking facilities.
 Note conditions of streets leading to railway yards and to material
dealers, and
 Investigate general efficiency of local workman.
Practice in Pakistan
Schedule of Rates

 Market Rate System (MRS)


 Military Engineering Services (MES)
 Public Works Department (PWD)
 National Highway Authority (NHA)

You might also like