Mcknights Physical Geography A Landscape Appreciation 11th Edition Hess Test Bank

McKnights Physical Geography A
Landscape Appreciation 11th Edition

Hess Test Bank
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McKnights Physical Geography A Landscape Appreciation 11th Edition Hess Test Bank
McKnight's Physical Geography, 11e (Hess)

Chapter 2 Portraying Earth
1) A disadvantage of globes compared to maps is that globes are NOT ________.

A) conformal
B) accurate
C) suitable for use in class
D) equivalent
E) as portable
Answer: E
Diff: 1
Topic/Section: 2.1 Maps and Globes
Bloom's Taxonomy: A. Knowledge
Geog Standards: 1. How to use maps
Science Outcomes: 3. Read and interpret graphs and data.
Learning Outcome: 2.1 Explain why no map of the world can be as accurate as a globe.
2) A map made to show the distribution of one or more phenomenon is a(n) ________ map.
A) conic
B) isoline
C) equivalent
D) compromise
E) thematic
Answer: E
Diff: 1
Topic/Section: 2.1 Maps
3) The relationship between the map distance and the corresponding distance on the ground is
known as the ________.
A) vector
B) azimuth
C) map quotient
D) loxodrome
E) scale
Answer: E
Diff: 1
Topic/Section: 2.2 Map Scale
Learning Outcome: 2.2 Define map scale.
1
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4) The scale of 1:63,360 is the same as one inch equals ________.
A) one foot
B) one mile
C) one furlong
D) one meter
E) one yard
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Learning Outcome: 2.6 Identify examples of fractional scales from a map.
5) "Scale" relates ________ to ________.

A) Earth distance, Earth distance
B) map distance, map distance
C) map distance, Earth distance
D) Earth distance, map distortion
E) map distortion, map distance
Answer: C
Diff: 1
6) The largest scale among the following representative fractions is ________.

A) 1:100,000
B) 1:1,000,000
C) 1:24,000
D) 1:10,000
E) 1:50,000
Answer: D
Diff: 2
Bloom's Taxonomy: C. Application
Learning Outcome: 2.5 Define fractional scale of a map.
2
7) A scale of one inch equals one mile is ________ in a representative fraction.
A) 1:10,000
B) 1:63,360
C) 1:100,000
D) 1:1,000,000
E) 1:250,000
Answer: B
Diff: 2
Bloom's Taxonomy: D. Analysis
Science Outcomes: 4. Demonstrate the quantitative skills necessary to succeed in Introductory
Geography.
8) A(n) ________ scale remains correct even if the map is enlarged or reduced when reproduced.
A) isogonic
B) large
C) graphic
D) representative fraction
E) color
Answer: C
Diff: 3
Bloom's Taxonomy: F. Evaluation
9) On small scale maps, it is difficult to achieve ________.

A) a circle of tangency
B) proper scale
C) equivalency
D) pole-centered perspective
E) conformality
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Topic/Section: 2.2 Large and Small Map Scales
Bloom's Taxonomy: B. Comprehension
3
10) The smallest scale of the following is ________.
A) 1:100,000
B) 1:200,000
C) 1:500,000
D) 1:750,000
E) 1:900,000
Answer: E
Diff: 2
11) The scale of "an inch on the map represents two miles on the surface of the Earth" would be
CLOSEST to which representative fraction?
A) 1:120,000
B) 1:200,000
C) 1:1,000,000
D) 1:60,000
E) 1:12
Answer: A
Diff: 2
Learning Outcome: 2.5 Define fractional scale of a map.
12) All map projections have this in common.

A) small scale
B) some distortion
C) equivalence
D) conformality
E) perfect portrayal of the globe
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Topic/Section: 2.3 Map Projections
4
13) Conformal maps greatly distort ________ of continents in higher latitudes.
A) shapes
B) sizes
C) the number
D) the latitude
E) the longitude
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Learning Outcome: 2.13 Explain when a conformal map is most suited for use in geographic
studies.
14) Every map projection consists of an orderly arrangement of ________.

A) scale
B) the geographic grid
C) legend
D) title
E) interruptions
Answer: B
Diff: 1
15) A(n) ________ is a line joining points of equal magnetic declination.

A) contour line
B) isohyet
C) isotherm
D) isomag
E) isogonic line
Answer: E
Diff: 1
Learning Outcome: 2.23 Explain how isolines are used to convey information on a map.
5
16) Most of the maps drawn on ________ projections are for an optimal portrayal of worldwide
distributions.
A) equivalent
B) conformal
C) conic
D) azimuthal
E) gnomonic
Answer: A
Diff: 2
Learning Outcome: 2.12 Explain when an equivalent map projection is most suited for use in
geographic studies.
17) You wish to navigate your yacht from Europe to the United States. Which type of map
projection would be most useful?
A) conic
B) Mercator
C) interrupted
D) equivalent
E) cylindrical
Answer: B
Diff: 2
Learning Outcome: 2.16 Describe some of the best uses for maps with a cylindrical projection.
18) Which of the following map projections is is impossible to construct?

A) Mercator
B) conic
C) cylindrical
D) equivalent
E) a projection without distortion
Answer: E
Diff: 3
Science Outcomes: 2. Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking
skills.
6
19) One difference between any two different map projections must always be ________.
A) scale
B) how the geographic grid is arranged
C) the number of degrees from the Equator to the North Pole
D) how accurately shapes are portrayed
E) how accurately relative sizes are portrayed
Answer: B
Diff: 3
20) Map projections are mainly derived ________.

A) mathematically
B) from interpolation
C) from aerial reconnaissance
D) by analogy
E) by osmosis
Answer: A
Diff: 3
Bloom's Taxonomy: E. Synthesis
21) ________ is the "major dilemma" of mapmaking explained by the text.

A) Conformality versus scale
B) Scale versus equivalence
C) Equivalence versus conformality
D) Conic versus azimuthal projections
E) The inclusion of too much information on a map
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Topic/Section: 2.3 Map Properties
geographic studies.
7
22) On large scale maps, equivalence and conformity can be ________.
A) simultaneously present
B) simultaneously approximated for small areas
C) disregarded if the map is of high latitudes
D) considered to be the same map property
E) any of the above
Answer: B
Diff: 2
Learning Outcome: 2.11 Describe compromise map projection.
23) The property of equivalence portrays accurate size although it ________.

A) bends parallels
B) renders the Poles as lines
C) stretches the circle of tangency
D) distorts shapes
E) all of the above
Answer: D
Diff: 2
geographic studies.
24) Which map making method would be used to minimize distortion of continents on a world
map?
A) a perfectly equivalent projection
B) a large scale
C) a conic projection
D) an interrupted projection
E) a Mercator projection
Answer: D
Diff: 3
geographic studies.
8
25) The characteristic of projections which portray accurate sizes but distort the shapes of land
masses is called ________.
A) conformality
B) sinusoidal
C) equivalence
D) azimuthality
E) polyconic
Answer: C
Diff: 3
geographic studies.
26) The most famous and most widely used of all the map projections is the ________
projection.
A) gnomonic
B) Mercator
C) polyconic
D) sinusoidal
E) Mollweide
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Topic/Section: 2.4 Cylindrical Projections
27) A loxodrome is another term for ________.

A) rhumb line
B) X-ray
C) gnomon
D) thermal scanner
E) meridian
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Learning Outcome: 2.15 Describe cylindrical projection.
9
28) The original purpose of the Mercator projection was ________.
A) to produce an accurate, equal area map
B) for the guidance of intercontinental missiles
C) for ocean navigation
D) to make the first map of the world
E) to befuddle introductory physical geography students
Answer: C
Diff: 1
29) In the Mercator projection, which piece of the Earth is portrayed ridiculously large in
comparison to its actual size?
A) low-latitude locations
B) Greenland
C) Brazil
D) the continental U.S.
E) the continent of Africa
Answer: B
Diff: 1
30) A loxodrome is ________.

A) line of constant compass bearing
B) a curved line on a Mercator projection
C) the opposite of a rhumb line
D) a tracing of the exact great circle route
E) part of a sundial
Answer: A
Diff: 1
10
31) A Mercator map is constructed by projecting the grid of the globe onto a(n) ________.
A) flat surface
B) cone
C) cylinder
D) interrupted surface
E) circle
Answer: C
Diff: 1
32) The ________ projection is probably the most famous and well-used projection for world
maps.
A) global
B) large scale
C) small scale
D) Mercator
E) U.S.G.S. topographic quadrangle
Answer: D
Diff: 1
33) Misuse of the Mercator projection is a result of ________.

A) inaccurate projection of latitude and longitude
B) the Cold War
C) the fact that it is so old
D) the curved loxodromes
E) latitudinal differences in scale
Answer: E
Diff: 3
studies.
11
34) The main purpose of the interruption of projections is ________.
A) to improve portrayal of the oceans
B) to provide a stereoscopic view
C) to make maps compatible with air photos
D) to show the continents in an equal area rendition
E) to save ink during printing
Answer: D
Diff: 1
Topic/Section: 2.4 Psuedocylindrical Projections
Learning Outcome: 2.22 Describe some of the best uses for maps with a pseudocylindrical
projection.
35) Central meridians are essential features on a(n) ________ projection.

A) perfectly conformal
B) large scale
C) small scale
D) interrupted
E) Mercator
Answer: D
Diff: 2
Learning Outcome: 2.21 Describe pseudocylindrical projection.
36) If one wished to produce a map which focused on the continents and showed little of the
world's oceans, then she/he should use a(n) ________ projection.
A) large scale
B) equal area
C) interrupted
D) conical
E) azimuthal
Answer: C
Diff: 2
Learning Outcome: 2.22 Describe some of the best uses for maps with a pseudocylindrical
projection.
12
37) Together, title, date, and legend on a map are known as ________.
A) marginal information
B) necessary information
C) cartographic license
D) map essentials
E) optional pieces
Answer: D
Diff: 1
Topic/Section: 2.5 Map Essentials
Learning Outcome: 2.3 Define graphic scale of a map.
38) Of the following, which is NOT considered a map essential?

A) title
B) date
C) color
D) legend
E) scale
Answer: C
Diff: 2
39) Which of the following should contain a brief summary of the map's content or purpose?
A) the title
B) the legend
C) the scale
D) the area within the map boundaries
E) the data source
Answer: A
Diff: 3
13
40) The explanations of symbols used on a map should be contained in ________.
A) the title
B) the scale
C) the legend
D) the space under the north arrow
E) the data source
Answer: C
Diff: 3
41) A(n) ________ is the generic term for any map line which joins points of equal value.
A) projection
B) meridian
C) rhumb line
D) isoline
E) legend
Answer: D
Diff: 1
Topic/Section: 2.5 Isolines
42) A line connecting points with equal precipitation is known as an ________.

A) isoneph
B) isobar
C) isotherm
D) isogonic line
E) isohyet
Answer: E
Diff: 1
14
43) To represent elevation on maps, cartographers use ________, which are a form of isoline.
A) rhumb lines
B) contour lines
C) isoamplitudes
D) meters
E) isotherms
Answer: B
Diff: 1
44) A(n) ________ map contains lines joining points of equal elevation.
A) isobar
B) contour
C) isohyet
D) isotherm
E) isogonic
Answer: B
Diff: 1
45) Isolines have all the properties EXCEPT the following:

A) They are always closed loops.
B) They may cross each other.
C) The numerical difference between isolines are intervals.
D) Close isolines indicate a steep gradient.
E) They were first used on a map about 300 years ago.
Answer: B
Diff: 3
15
46) A(n) ________ joins points of equal magnetic declination.
A) isotherm
B) isogonic line
C) meridian
D) parallel
E) loxodrome
Answer: B
Diff: 3
47) To construct an isoline on a map it is necessary to ________.

A) make the map both equivalent and conformal
B) note the magnetic declination
C) color it purple
D) first draw the line on a globe
E) interpolate between points of known value
Answer: E
Diff: 3
48) Which of the following is essential for GPS to function?

A) highly accurate clocks
B) a nearby base station on Earth's surface
C) a small radar unit
D) a GIS unit in a receiver
E) locations on land instead of ocean
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Topic/Section: 2.6 GPS - The Global Positioning System
Learning Outcome: 2.24 Describe how a GPS unit determines its location.
16
49) Which of the following is the acronym for the system of U.S. Department of Defense
satellites which are used to establish exact locations on Earth?
A) GIS
B) Landsat
C) GPS
D) EOS
E) color infrared
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Geog Standards: 3. How to analyze the spatial organization of people, places, and environments
Learning Outcome: 2.25 Describe some common uses of GPS.
50) The U.S. version of GPS is dependent on triangulation using a network of ________
satellites
A) 2
B) 3
C) 5
D) 24
E) 108
Answer: D
Diff: 1
51) The global positioning system (GPS) is based on ________.

A) aerial photography
B) infrared light sources
C) data from satellites
D) large, expensive receivers
E) gravity waves from the Sun and Moon
Answer: C
Diff: 1
17
52) Which of the following is NOT part of a Geographic Information System?
A) collection, input, and correction of data
B) human drawing of isolines on maps
C) data storage and retrieval
D) output and reporting
E) manipulation and analysis of data layers
Answer: B
Diff: 2
Learning Outcome: 2.27 Discuss the kinds of information that can be gathered by remote
sensing.
53) Which of the following has NOT been accomplished using geopositioning technology?
A) ocean floor mapping
B) earthquake prediction
C) natural disaster damage assessment
D) volcano monitoring
E) counting individual people in the U.S. Census
Answer: E
Diff: 3
Geog Standards: 2. How to use mental maps to organize information about people, places, and
environments in a spatial context
54) Geopositioning technology ________.

A) typically uses receivers larger than filing cabinets
B) has accuracies better than the best base maps
C) has never been commercially successful
D) began in the 1920s
E) is another term for the drawing of isolines
Answer: B
Diff: 3
18
55) For the geographer, the new mapping tools like remote sensing, GPS, and GIS are best
viewed as ________.
A) replacements for traditional geographic description
B) in the test mode and too expensive for most geographers to use
C) adjuncts to field study
D) aids to the study of small areas
E) too difficult for geographers to use
Answer: C
Diff: 3
Learning Outcome: 2.28 Explain how GIS helps in the analysis of geographic data.
56) Which of the following is TRUE concerning GPS technology?

A) It appears useful but receivers are very expensive.
B) It usually cannot pinpoint locations with an accuracy greater than 1 km.
C) The GPS satellites are owned by a private corporation.
D) The technology is freely available to the public.
E) The GPS technology allows "perfect" maps to be drawn.
Answer: D
Diff: 3
57) ________ is the science of obtaining reliable measurements from photographs.

A) Sonar
B) Orthophoto mapping
C) Remote sensing
D) Photogrammetry
E) Satellite imaging
Answer: D
Diff: 1
Topic/Section: 2.7 Remote Sensing
sensing.
19
58) The first airborne platform for aerial photography was a(n) ________.
A) balloon
B) airplane
C) kite
D) satellite
E) lighthouse
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Learning Outcome: 2.26 Define remote sensing.
59) ________ is the science of taking reliable measurements from aerial photographs.
A) Cartography
B) Photogrammetry
C) Map projection
D) Multispectral scanning
E) Symap
Answer: B
Diff: 1
sensing.
60) In ________ film photography, the photographic film is sensitive to wavelengths longer than
visible light.
A) color infrared
B) passive microwave
C) true color
D) panchromatic
E) Landsat
Answer: A
Diff: 1
sensing.
20
61) The type of remote sensing which penetrates clouds at night for accurate terrain
representation is ________.
A) radar
B) sonar
C) passive microwave
D) thermal infrared
E) Landsat
Answer: A
Diff: 1
sensing.
62) Which of the following is NOT a form of remote sensing?

A) aerial photography
B) color infrared photography
C) radar
D) thermal infrared imaging
E) measurement by thermometer
Answer: E
Diff: 1
63) On an orthophoto map, one might expect to find ________.

A) distortion-free photographs
B) many problems with map distortion
C) sketches rather than true projections
D) cultural but not physical features
E) symbols that are difficult to read
Answer: A
Diff: 1
sensing.
21
64) Which of the below is an active remote sensing system?
A) color infrared photography
B) Landsat
C) microwave remote sensing
D) thermal infrared imagery
E) black and white aerial photography
Answer: C
Diff: 2
sensing.
65) Aside from normal photographic film, ________ film has proven very valuable for
interpretation of Earth resources from airborne cameras.
A) color infrared
B) ultraviolet
C) thermal infrared
D) X-ray
E) gamma ray
Answer: A
Diff: 2
Geog Standards: 18. How to apply geography to interpret the present and plan for the future
sensing.
66) On which type of aerial imagery would a football field of artificial grass be discernible from
natural grass?
A) color photography
B) black and white photography
C) color infrared photography
D) radar imagery
E) microwave imagery
Answer: C
Diff: 2
sensing.
22
67) Which of the following refers to an "active" remote sensing system?
A) radar
C) GPS
D) thermal infrared imagery
E) black and white photography
Answer: A
Diff: 2
sensing.
68) Unlike aerial photography, Landsat imagery is interpreted through ________.

A) remote sensing
B) numerical processing
C) a stereoscopic
D) film
E) visual analysis
Answer: B
Diff: 2
sensing.
69) Which of the following bands are NOT used by the Earth-sensing satellites mentioned in the
text?
A) X-rays
B) color infrared
C) panchromatic
D) thermal infrared
E) visible red
Answer: A
Diff: 2
sensing.
23
70) A satellite that remains over the same spot over all the time is ________.
A) geosynchronous
B) photogrammetric
C) a "low orbiter"
D) Landsat mission
E) an impossibility
Answer: A
Diff: 2
sensing.
71) Which of the below wavelengths have been most useful in expanding measure biomass?
A) ultraviolet
B) X-rays
C) near infrared
D) radio wavelengths
E) gamma wavelengths
Answer: C
Diff: 2
sensing.
72) The major advantage of orthophotos as compared to regular vertical air photographs is that
________.
A) the view is more familiar
B) they are more generalized (less detailed)
C) distortion has been eliminated
D) they are usually classified by the government
E) shadows make identification of Earth features impossible
Answer: C
Diff: 3
sensing.
24
73) Which remote sensing systems sense the longest wavelengths?
A) Landsat
B) color photography
C) thermal infrared imaging
D) radar
E) black and white photography
Answer: D
Diff: 3
sensing.
74) Commercial satellites data usually ________.

A) do not employ remote sensing
B) are provided for free
C) have very high resolution data
D) are mainly concerned with photography
E) are owned by the U.S. government
Answer: C
Diff: 3
skills.
sensing.
75) MODIS is associated with which satellite series?

A) Landsat
B) GOES
C) Space Shuttle
D) NIMBUS
E) EOS
Answer: E
Diff: 3
25
76) Which of the following is an advantage of radar over all other remote sensing techniques?
A) It can operate at high altitude.
B) It can operate at night.
C) It can operate in clear weather.
D) It can operate at wavelengths shorter than 1 micrometer.
E) It can operate without using an electrical source.
Answer: B
Diff: 3
sensing.
77) In terms of remote sensing, geographers ________.

A) should not stop using maps and field study
B) have shown very little interest
C) will someday identify one remote sensing type best for all purposes
D) have never used remote sensing
E) should never use remote sensing
Answer: A
Diff: 3
sensing.
78) The first aerial photographs were taken ________.

A) in the middle 1800s
B) during World War II
C) during the Vietnam War
D) during the Korean War
E) in the middle 1600s
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Topic/Section: 2.7 Aerial Photographs
sensing.
26
79) A geometrically corrected map consisting of aerial photographs is known as a(n) ________
map.
A) projected
B) Mercator
C) orthophoto
D) color infrared
E) large-scale
Answer: C
Diff: 1
sensing.
80) ________ are multicolored, distortion-free photographic image maps. Displacements caused
by camera tilt or differences in terrain elevations have been removed.
A) Aerial photographs
B) Vertical aerial photographs
C) Orthophoto maps
D) GIS maps
E) Mercator projections
Answer: C
Diff: 2
81) The "false color" imagery of some aerial photographs is also termed ________.
A) Landsat
B) microwave
C) color IR
D) sonar
E) radar
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Topic/Section: 2.7 Visible Light and Infrared Sensing
Geog Standards: 18. How to apply geography to interpret the present and plan for the future
sensing.
27
82) On color infrared photography, living green vegetation appears ________.
A) blue
B) orange
C) red
D) green
E) violet
Answer: C
Diff: 1
sensing.
83) ________ is the type of remote sensing imagery best suited to use at night.
A) Visible
B) An orthophoto map
C) Color infrared
D) Polaroid
E) Thermal infrared
Answer: E
Diff: 2
sensing.
84) Which of the following portions of the electromagnetic spectrum is sensed on FILM?
A) microwave
B) radar
C) thermal infrared
D) color infrared
E) multispectral
Answer: D
Diff: 2
sensing.
28
85) By far, the greatest use of IR scanning systems has been ________.
A) to penetrate clouds
B) onboard meteorological satellites
C) in surface weather thermometer shelters
D) in making orthophoto quadrangles
E) to sense underwater features
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Topic/Section: 2.7 Thermal Infrared Sensing
sensing.
86) The most important Earth resources satellite series was started in the 1970s and is known as
________.
A) Landsat
B) Sputnik
C) TIROS
D) Seasat
E) GOES
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Topic/Section: 2.7 Multispectral Remote Sensing
87) Satellite data are analyzed in individual pieces representing several to many meters on the
Earth's surface. These pieces are known as ________.
A) pixels
B) RBVs
C) false color images
D) scan lines
E) computer maps
Answer: A
Diff: 1
sensing.
29
88) Radar senses energy in wavelengths longer than 1 ________.
A) angstrom
B) micrometer
C) millimeter
D) meter
E) kilometer
Answer: C
Diff: 1
sensing.
89) The ERTS series of satellites, launched in the 1970s, is now known as ________.
A) GOES
B) TIROS
C) EOS
D) AVHRR
E) Landsat
Answer: E
Diff: 1
sensing.
90) Which of the following forms of remote sensing is based on sound?

A) sonar
B) microwave sensing
C) radar
D) thermal infrared imaging
E) color infrared photography
Answer: A
Diff: 1
sensing.
30
91) Radar imagery is suited for sensing ________.
A) emitted heat
B) reflected light
C) terrain
D) crop health
E) fluctuations in Earth's orbit
Answer: C
Diff: 2
92) Landsat has a resolution of ________ meters.

A) 0.3
B) 3
C) 30
D) 300
E) 3,000
Answer: C
Diff: 2
sensing.
93) Which of the following is the most recent type of Earth resource satellites?
A) Landsat
B) GOES
C) NEXRAD
D) EOS
E) GPS
Answer: D
Diff: 3
31
94) Which of the following is most closely identified with "multispectral remote sensing"?
A) radar imaging
C) Landsat
D) microwave imaging
E) thermal infrared scanning
Answer: C
Diff: 3
sensing.
95) How much area is shown in an entire Landsat image?

A) a few square centimeters
B) a few square meters
C) a few square kilometers
D) a few thousand square kilometers
E) approximately half of the Earth
Answer: D
Diff: 3
sensing.
96) The basic imaging instrument in the Landsat series of satellites is known as the ________.
A) camera
B) radar screen
C) pixel
D) thematic mapper
E) Skylab data
Answer: D
Diff: 3
sensing.
32
97) Aqua, CERES, and Terra are examples of ________ satellites.
A) useless
B) EOS
C) Landsat
D) GOES
E) SPOT
Answer: B
Diff: 3
sensing.
98) Which of the following is NOT associated with Landsat images?

A) thematic mapper
B) multispectral scanning system
C) a series of several satellites over many years
D) the ultraviolet portion of the spectrum
E) millions of pieces of data (pixels) per image
Answer: D
Diff: 3
sensing.
99) EOS is ________.

A) another name for Landsat
B) a type of orthophoto map
C) radar technology
D) a satellite of the global positioning system
E) an Earth-observing series of satellites
Answer: E
Diff: 3
sensing.
33
100) A GIS is a library of information based on ________.
A) satellites
B) stereoscopic image viewing
C) many land survey records stored on microfilm
D) manual cartography
E) maps
Answer: E
Diff: 2
Topic/Section: 2.8 Geographic Information Systems (GIS)
101) A geographic information systems allows a link between data and a(n) ________.
A) scientific theory
B) map
C) computer
D) color
E) orthophoto mapping
Answer: B
Diff: 2
102) Probably the largest concern with the geographer's use of maps and imagery is ________.
A) choosing the most effective maps and imagery
B) making sure it is available on the Internet
C) to always use GIS
D) to make sure the property of equivalence is always preserved
E) to use images instead of maps when possible
Answer: A
Diff: 3
34
103) Which of the following would be used for overlay map analysis where two or more map
layers are superimposed or integrated?
A) GIS
B) Landsat
C) GPS
D) EOS
E) color infrared
Answer: A
Diff: 3
104) Geographic information system technology is a direct result of advances in all EXCEPT
________.
A) surveying
B) computer cartography
C) spatial statistics
D) remote sensing
E) cartographic theory
Answer: E
Diff: 3
105) Which of the following would be a type of application in which a geographic information
system would NOT be used?
A) integrating topographic information with vegetation information
B) environment site assessment
C) resource management
D) environmental monitoring
E) monitoring of weather data at a single weather station
Answer: E
Diff: 3
35
106) Which of the following choices represents a technology into which the other choices can be
used as inputs?
A) GPS
B) GIS
C) Landsat imagery
D) field data
E) aerial photography
Answer: B
Diff: 3
107) A globe is a better model of Earth as a whole than any map.

Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1
108) Maps are inherently inaccurate because of their attempt to depict the curved Earth on a flat
surface.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1
109) There are major discrepancies between the true shape of the Earth and that of a globe.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1
36
110) There is no possible way to avoid distortion on a map projection.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1
111) Because they are shaped like the real Earth, globes are usually the best way to convey Earth
information.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2
112) A globe maintains the properties of conformality and equivalence.

Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2
113) The maps in your physical geography textbook are an example of automated cartography
and were produced using desktop computers.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2
Topic/Section: 2.1 Maps
geographic studies.
37
114) At a scale of 1:10,000, the distance of an inch on a map would represent more than a mile
on the ground.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2
115) The scale of a map can never be constant all over the entire map.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2
116) A map which showed your classroom building as being 6 inches long on the map would be
a large scale map.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 3
117) A map is usually much smaller than the part of the Earth's surface it represents.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1
118) A map at large scale generally shows a large portion (continental size or larger) of Earth's
surface.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1
38
119) An example of a large-scale map is a classroom wall map of the world.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2
120) The one inch to the mile scale map is a small scale map.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2
121) Compromise projections maintain both equivalence and conformality.

Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1
122) Choosing the appropriate equivalence projection will result in a map with no distortion in
its depiction of Earth features or areas.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2
123) All conformal projections have meridians and parallels crossing each other at right angles,
just as they do on the globe.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1
Learning Outcome: 2.10 Describe conformal map projection.
39
124) The Mercator projection is very close to maintaining equivalence in low latitudes.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1
125) Conformality and equivalence are, in general, mutually exclusive properties.

Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1
126) A Mercator map shows loxodromes as straight lines.

Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1
127) On a Mercator projection, the North Pole would be represented by a line as long as the
Equator.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2
studies.
40
128) All map projections have the basic property of equivalence.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2
geographic studies.
129) "Equivalency" in map projections means having no scale changes over the entire map.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2
Learning Outcome: 2.9 Describe equivalent map projection.
130) It is important that all maps have their meridians parallel to each other as they extend east to
west.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2
Learning Outcome: 2.17 Describe planar projection.
131) On Mercator projection, Greenland's size relative to the United States is greatly
exaggerated.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1
132) The original purpose of the Mercator projection was for navigation.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1
41
133) The Mercator projection should not be used to show tropical areas because they are greatly
distorted in area on this projection.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2
134) Interrupted projections are neither conformal nor equidistant.

Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1
135) Digital elevation models have been used for almost a hundred years.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2
Topic/Section: 2.5 Portraying the Three-Dimensional Landscape
136) GPS was originally developed by the U.S. Department of Defense to guide missiles.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1
137) The earliest aerial photographs were taken from balloons.

Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1
sensing.
42
138) A major advantage in using remote sensing is the ability to obtain precision measurements
of Earth's surface.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2
139) The main useful trait of color infrared photography is its depiction of the states of
vegetation.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1
sensing.
140) Thermal infrared imagery is the most useful type of image for detecting different vegetation
types.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2
Topic/Section: 2.7 Thermal Infrared Sensing
sensing.
141) Landsat images are unavailable for public use owing to their "top secret" classification by
the U.S. government.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1
sensing.
43
142) Images from radar sensors can be acquired only during the daytime.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1
sensing.
143) Radar remote sensing is associated with wavelengths much shorter than those of visible
light.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1
sensing.
144) Radar imagery is especially appropriate for terrain analysis.

Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1
sensing.
145) Satellites in the SPOT and Landsat series carry identical sensors.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2
sensing.
44
146) The thematic mapper on the newer Landsat satellites is a great improvement because it
increases the spectral range within each spectral band used.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2
sensing.
147) A(n) ________ scale is a type of map scale which makes use of a line marked off in
graduated distances.
Answer: graphic
Diff: 2
Learning Outcome: 2.4 Identify examples of graphic scales from a map.
148) The representative fraction equivalent to the statement "one inch equals one mile" is
________.
Answer: 1:63,360 or 1:62,500
Diff: 2
149) Equivalence is the property of map projections which ________.

Answer: causes areas to be shown in their correct relative sizes on a map projection
Diff: 1
45
150) A(n) ________ (2 words) is another name for a loxodrome.
Answer: rhumb line
Diff: 1
151) A problem with conformal projections is that ________.

Answer: areas must be distorted to show proper shapes
Diff: 1
152) Title, date, and legend are three of the five ________ (2 words).
Answer: map essentials
Diff: 3
153) ________ is the measurement or acquisition of information by a recording device which is

not in physical contact with the object under study.
Answer: Remote sensing
Diff: 1
154) ________ is the Landsat spectral band used for identification of wetlands, organic soils, and
water bodies.
Answer: The near infrared
Diff: 1
sensing.
46
155) ________ micrometers is a wavelength of visible light. (ANY of the wavelengths will do.)
Answer: Any wavelength between .36 and .72 micrometers is acceptable.
Diff: 3
Geog Standards: 7. The physical processes that shape the patterns of earth's surface
skills.
sensing.
156) Explain how the properties of conformality and equivalence always pose a dilemma to the
mapmaker.
Answer: This is the classic problem for the mapmaker. A map cannot preserve both shape and
relative size. A cartographer must choose one or the other or neither.
Diff: 2
157) Name the 6 map essentials and the purpose of each one.
Answer: Title, date, legend, scale, direction, location. Include definition of each.
Diff: 3
158) Explain how the Global positioning system operates to locate your position within a few
meters.
Answer: GPS trilaterates position by using the distance and direction to several polar orbiting
satellites. The orbits are well known and a satellite is located via radio transmissions from the
satellite.
Diff: 1
47
McKnights Physical Geography A Landscape Appreciation 11th Edition Hess Test Bank
159) Compare/contrast the purposes of Landsat and commercial high resolution satellites.
Answer: Landsat in the public domain for Earth resources. Commercial satellites also study
Earth resources but at higher resolution and the user is charged considerable money to do so.
Diff: 3
sensing.
160) Explain how the use of multispectral scanning is an advantage over the use of a single band
when identifying Earth features via remote sensing.
Answer: Various bands are best for various features—give example(s). The point is that a
combination of bands should be superior.
Diff: 3
sensing.
161) Suppose a geographer was hired to help assess the health/vigor of the winter wheat crop (to
be harvested in the late spring) in an agricultural county of a Great Plains state; the object would
be to predict the winter wheat yield two months in advance. What sort of remote sensing
techniques might be used and why?
Answer: Answers will vary. The student should mention some form of remote sensing
(photography or satellite imaging) that uses the near infrared portion of the spectrum sensitive to
plant greenness.
Diff: 3
skills.
sensing.
48
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McKnights Physical Geography A

Landscape Appreciation 11th Edition

McKnight's Physical Geography, 11e (Hess)

1) A disadvantage of globes compared to maps is that globes are NOT ________.

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5) "Scale" relates ________ to ________.

6) The largest scale among the following representative fractions is ________.

9) On small scale maps, it is difficult to achieve ________.

12) All map projections have this in common.

14) Every map projection consists of an orderly arrangement of ________.

15) A(n) ________ is a line joining points of equal magnetic declination.

18) Which of the following map projections is is impossible to construct?

20) Map projections are mainly derived ________.

21) ________ is the "major dilemma" of mapmaking explained by the text.

23) The property of equivalence portrays accurate size although it ________.

27) A loxodrome is another term for ________.

30) A loxodrome is ________.

33) Misuse of the Mercator projection is a result of ________.

35) Central meridians are essential features on a(n) ________ projection.

38) Of the following, which is NOT considered a map essential?

42) A line connecting points with equal precipitation is known as an ________.

45) Isolines have all the properties EXCEPT the following:

47) To construct an isoline on a map it is necessary to ________.

48) Which of the following is essential for GPS to function?

51) The global positioning system (GPS) is based on ________.

54) Geopositioning technology ________.

56) Which of the following is TRUE concerning GPS technology?

57) ________ is the science of obtaining reliable measurements from photographs.

62) Which of the following is NOT a form of remote sensing?

63) On an orthophoto map, one might expect to find ________.

68) Unlike aerial photography, Landsat imagery is interpreted through ________.

74) Commercial satellites data usually ________.

75) MODIS is associated with which satellite series?

77) In terms of remote sensing, geographers ________.

78) The first aerial photographs were taken ________.

90) Which of the following forms of remote sensing is based on sound?

92) Landsat has a resolution of ________ meters.

95) How much area is shown in an entire Landsat image?

98) Which of the following is NOT associated with Landsat images?

99) EOS is ________.

107) A globe is a better model of Earth as a whole than any map.

112) A globe maintains the properties of conformality and equivalence.

121) Compromise projections maintain both equivalence and conformality.

125) Conformality and equivalence are, in general, mutually exclusive properties.

126) A Mercator map shows loxodromes as straight lines.

134) Interrupted projections are neither conformal nor equidistant.

137) The earliest aerial photographs were taken from balloons.

144) Radar imagery is especially appropriate for terrain analysis.

149) Equivalence is the property of map projections which ________.

151) A problem with conformal projections is that ________.

153) ________ is the measurement or acquisition of information by a recording device which is

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5) "Scale" relates to .