Cal2 Project

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TANGENT PLANE AND LINEAR APPROXIMATIONS

9) Draw the graph of and its tangent plane at the given point. (Use your computer
algebra system both to compute the partial derivatives and to graph the surface and
its tangent plane.) Then zoom in until the surface and the tangent plane become
indistinguishable.
xysin( x − y)
f ( x , y )= 2 2 (1,1,0)
1+ x + y
I. Theory:
Suppose f has continuous partial derivatives. An equation of the tangent plane to the
surface at the point is:
z−z 0=f x ( x 0 , y 0 )( x −x0 ) + f y ( x 0 , y 0 ) ( y − y 0 )

II. Solution (By hand):


xysin( x − y)
Now we find the tangent plane of the function f ( x , y )=
1+ x2 + y 2
2
ysin ( x− y ) xycos ( x− y ) 2 x ysin ( x− y )
f x ( x , y )= + −
1+ x 2 + y 2 1+ x 2 + y 2 ( 1+ x 2 + y 2 )
2

Substitute the point ( x 0 , y 0 , z 0 )=(1,1,0) to the partial derivatives:

2
1 ×sin ( 1−1 ) 1× 1× cos ( 1−1 ) 2× ( 1 ) × ( 1 ) ×sin ( 1−1 ) 1
f x ( 1,1 )= + − =
2
1+ ( 1 ) + (1 )
2 2
1+ ( 1 ) + ( 1 )
2
( 1+ ( 1 )2+ (1 )2 )
2
3

2
xycos ( x− y ) 2 x y sin ( x− y )
xsin(x − y)
f y ( x , y )=
2 2 2 2
− − 2
x + y +1 x + y +1 ( x 2+ y 2+1 )
Substitute the point ( x 0 , y 0 , z 0 )=(1,1,0) to the partial derivatives:

2
1 ×sin ( 1−1 ) 1× 1× cos ( 1−1 ) 2× 1× ( 1 ) × sin ( 1−1 ) −1
f y ( 1,1 ) = − − =
2
1+ (1 ) + ( 1 )
2 2
1+ ( 1 ) + ( 1 )
2
( 1+ ( 1 )2 + ( 1 )2)
2
3

xysin(x − y)
Hence, the equation of the tangent plane to the surface f ( x , y )= 2 2 at the
1+ x + y
point P ( x 0 , y 0 , z0 ) =(1,1,0) is:
z−0=f x (1,1 )( x−1 ) + f y ( 1,1 ) ( y−1 )
1 1
z= ( x−1 ) − ( y−1 )
3 3
1 1
z= x− y
3 3
Then we will draw the graph and its tangent plane.
III. Application code:
By using Matlab, we don’t need to compute the value of the partial derivatives. It’s
more convenient to sketch the graph.
Matlab code:

The result:
Then I’ll zoom the graph.

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