B48 Exp5 CN

Terna Engineering College
Computer Engineering Department

Program: Sem V
Course: Computer Network Lab
PART A
(PART A: TO BE REFERRED BY STUDENTS)
Experiment No. 05
A.1 Objective:
Implementa on of a LAN Network with the following topologies by using CISCO Packet Tracer.
1. Ring Topology.
2. Star Topology
3. Mesh Topology
4. Tree Topology
A.2 Prerequisite:
● Knowledge about PAN, LAN and NW Elements.
● HW and IP Address concepts.
● Network Topology.
● Concept of Analysis, Design, Simulation and Modelling ● Cisco Packet tracer as
simulation tool
PART B
(PART B : TO BE COMPLETED BY STUDENTS)
Roll No.: 48 Name: Nikhil Aher
Class : TE-B Batch : B3
Date of Experiment: 31/07/23 Date of Submission: 07/08/23
Grade :
B.1 Document created by the student:
1. Star And Bus Topology:

2. Ring Topology:
3. Mesh Topology:
4. Tree Topology:
B.3 Observations and learning:
By observing the different types of topologies, we understand how the topologies

work. We also learn the design of LANs using different topologies. And how they connect the
LANs through the switch/hub by addressing the proper addresses.Also how to Design an LAN
environment to learn various Topologies, messaging and acknowledgements. We also understand
how we can use of DLL. We also simulate the designed LAN NWs.
B.4 Conclusion:
In this experiment we learn how to use the different types of topologies in networks.
And with the help of Cisco Packet Tracer we create the different topologies. And with this we
executed the experiment successfully.
B.5 Question of Curiosity:

1. What is CISCO Packet tracer? How can one make use of it by learning
CN? Answer: Cisco Packet Tracer is a simulation tool that allows you to create and
configure network topologies of routers, switches, computers, and other devices. By
learning the computer network you can use the Cisco Packet Tracer to build the
different types of network topologies and simulate the different kinds of example
which is based on network topologies.
2. What is simulation? How does CISCO Packet tracer help in simulation of
NWs?
Answer: Simulation is a kind of online platform for executing different kinds of experiments.
The Cisco Packet Tracer is also one of the types of online simulation where we perform the
simulations related to computer networks. In Cisco Packet Tracer we can build different types of
topologies, we can show the types of cables like fiber optic, coaxial cable,twisted pair cable. So
to create the different kinds of device which is used in NW’s we use the Cisco Packet Tracer.
3. What are the different types of end to end devices supported by CISCO
packet tracer? Answer: Cisco Packet Tracer offers a wide range of end devices
including:
● PC (Personal Computer)
● Server
● Laptop
● Tablet
● Smartphone
● VoIP Phone
● IP Camera
● IoT Devices
● Printer
● Switch
● Router
● Wireless Access Point (AP)
● Hub
● DSL Modem
● Cable Modem ● Serial Cable
4. What are all the NW elements you will use in the CISCO Packet Tracer?
Answer: Packet Tracer offers a wide range of network devices:
● End Devices:
1. PC (Personal Computer)
2. Server
3. Laptop
4. Tablet
5. Smartphone
6. VoIP Phone
7. IP Camera
8. IoT Devices (Sensors, Smart Appliances)
● Networking Infrastructure:
1. Switch (Ethernet Switch)
2. Router (with various routing protocols)
3. Wireless Access Point (Wi-Fi AP)
4. Hub (Less common in modern networks)
5. DSL Modem (Digital Subscriber Line)
6. Cable Modem
7. Serial Cable (for console connections)
● Connectors and Cables:

1. Ethernet Cable (Straight-through, Crossover)
2. Serial Cable
3. Console Cable (for router/switch management)
4. Fiber Optic Cable
● Network Services:
1. DHCP Server
2. DNS Server
3. HTTP Server
4. FTP Server
5. Email Server
6. Telnet Server
● Network Security:
1. Firewall (ASA)
2. Intrusion Detection System (IDS)
3. Intrusion Prevention System (IPS) 4. VPN Tunnel (Virtual Private Network)
● Network Accessories:
1. Clock (Used for time-based activities)
2. Cloud (Represents external networks or the internet)
3. Packet Tracer's own Web Server
● Protocols and Applications:

1. Various protocols (TCP, UDP, ICMP)
2. Applications like Web Browsers, Email Clients, Terminal Emulators
5. What are the different types of cables supported by CISCO packet tracer?
Answer: Cisco Packet Tracer provides different types of cables to connect devices. The cable
available in Packet tracer include:
● Ethernet Cable (Straight-through)
● Ethernet Cable (Crossover)
● Serial Cable
● Console Cable
● Fiber Optic Cable
● Coaxial Cable
● Copper Cross- Over Cable
● Straight-through Copper Serial Cable
● Console Roll-over
6. Write the steps to assign a static address to the nodes.

Answer: Assigning a static IP address to nodes (devices) in a network involves configuring the
IP address manually instead of relying on DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) to
assign addresses automatically. Here are some steps that can be used to assign a static IP address
to nodes using Cisco Packet Tracer:-
1. Open Cisco Packet Tracer
2. Select the Node
3. Access Device Configuration
4. Configure IP Settings
5. Enter Static IP Information
6. Apply and Save Changes
7. Test Connectivity
8. Repeat for Other Nodes
7. Can we create Ring topology just using end nodes, ie. Without using a switch/hub/router?
If Yes then how? If No then why?
Answer: Yes, you can create a Ring topology using just end nodes (computers or devices)
without using a switch, hub, or router. This type of topology is known as a "peer-to-peer" or
"ad-hoc" network. In a Ring topology, each device is connected directly to two other devices,
forming a closed loop. Here's how you can set up a Ring topology using only end nodes: 1.
Physical Connection: Each device is physically connected to the two neighboring devices. For
example, Device A is connected to Device B and Device C. Device B is connected to Device A
and Device C, and so on.
2. Data Transmission : When data needs to be sent from one device to another, it travels
around the ring in a sequential manner. Each device receives the data and processes it if it's the
intended recipient; otherwise, it forwards the data to the next device in the ring until it reaches
the destination.
Most modern networks use a combination of star or bus topologies with central devices (like
switches or routers) to manage traffic, ensure fault tolerance, and provide scalability. However,
for small-scale, temporary, or specific use cases, a peer-to-peer Ring topology can still be set up
using just end nodes.
8. Can we create LAN without assigning IP address to Switch/Hub? Give a reason.

Answer: In a traditional Local Area Network (LAN) setup, devices are assigned IP addresses
to facilitate communication and data exchange. IP addresses are essential for devices to
identify each other and route data packets correctly within the network. However, the concept
of assigning IP addresses to a Switch or Hub itself doesn't apply because these devices
typically operate at the Data Link Layer (Layer 2) of the OSI model, which deals with MAC
addresses rather than IP addresses.
Switches and hubs are responsible for forwarding data frames within a LAN based on MAC
addresses. They use MAC addresses to determine the destination of data frames and to
establish connections between devices. The Switches/Hubs operate at Layer 2 (Data Link
Layer) and use MAC addresses to forward data frames within the same LAN. They don't need
IP addresses themselves.
So, while you don't assign IP addresses to switches or hubs, you do need to assign IP addresses
to devices within the LAN, like computers, printers, and other networked devices, to enable
proper communication between them within the local network and potentially with devices
outside the LAN.
9. Define Packet, Frame, and acknowledgement?

Answer: 1. Packet: A packet is a unit of data that is transmitted over a network. It contains
both the actual data being sent and control information, such as the source and destination
addresses, error-checking codes, and sequencing information. Packets are the fundamental
building blocks of data transmission in network communication, allowing for efficient and
reliable data transfer.
2. Frame: A frame is a data structure used in networking and telecommunications to
encapsulate packets for transmission over a physical medium, such as an Ethernet cable or a
wireless channel. Frames typically include information like source and destination MAC
addresses, error-checking codes, and control information specific to the data link layer of the
networking protocol stack.
3. Acknowledgement: An acknowledgement, often abbreviated as "ACK", is a signal or
message sent by the receiver back to the sender to confirm that a packet or frame has been
successfully received. In networking and data transmission, acknowledgements are used to
ensure data integrity and reliability. When a sender transmits data, it expects to receive
acknowledgements from the receiver within a certain timeframe. If an acknowledgement is not
received within that time frame, the sender may retransmit the data to ensure its successful
delivery.
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Terna Engineering College

Computer Engineering Department

Course: Computer Network Lab

(PART A: TO BE REFERRED BY STUDENTS)

B.1 Document created by the student:

1. Star And Bus Topology:

By observing the different types of topologies, we understand how the topologies

B.5 Question of Curiosity:

● Connectors and Cables:

● Protocols and Applications:

6. Write the steps to assign a static address to the nodes.

8. Can we create LAN without assigning IP address to Switch/Hub? Give a reason.

9. Define Packet, Frame, and acknowledgement?

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