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    Fuel Efficiency

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    Hdhdhd
    The document discusses flames, fuels, and the combustion process. It defines a flame as ignited gas produced by burning materials. A flame has three zones - an outer blue zone that is hottest and where complete combustion occurs, a middle yellow zone of partial combustion, and an inner black zone of unburned vapors. Goldsmiths blow at the outer zone to quickly melt precious metals due to its high heat. Fuels are substances that burn to produce heat, like wood, coal, and oil. An ideal fuel burns cleanly and efficiently without residue or pollution. The calorific value measures a fuel's energy content.

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    Fuel Efficiency

    Uploaded by

    Hdhdhd
    19 views3 pages
    The document discusses flames, fuels, and the combustion process. It defines a flame as ignited gas produced by burning materials. A flame has three zones - an outer blue zone that is hottest and where complete combustion occurs, a middle yellow zone of partial combustion, and an inner black zone of unburned vapors. Goldsmiths blow at the outer zone to quickly melt precious metals due to its high heat. Fuels are substances that burn to produce heat, like wood, coal, and oil. An ideal fuel burns cleanly and efficiently without residue or pollution. The calorific value measures a fuel's energy content.

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    Original Title

    FUEL EFFICIENCY

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    The document discusses flames, fuels, and the combustion process. It defines a flame as ignited gas produced by burning materials. A flame has three zones - an outer blue zone that is hottest and where complete combustion occurs, a middle yellow zone of partial combustion, and an inner black zone of unburned vapors. Goldsmiths blow at the outer zone to quickly melt precious metals due to its high heat. Fuels are substances that burn to produce heat, like wood, coal, and oil. An ideal fuel burns cleanly and efficiently without residue or pollution. The calorific value measures a fuel's energy content.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    19 views3 pages

    Fuel Efficiency

    Uploaded by

    Hdhdhd
    The document discusses flames, fuels, and the combustion process. It defines a flame as ignited gas produced by burning materials. A flame has three zones - an outer blue zone that is hottest and where complete combustion occurs, a middle yellow zone of partial combustion, and an inner black zone of unburned vapors. Goldsmiths blow at the outer zone to quickly melt precious metals due to its high heat. Fuels are substances that burn to produce heat, like wood, coal, and oil. An ideal fuel burns cleanly and efficiently without residue or pollution. The calorific value measures a fuel's energy content.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 3

    FLAME

    Flame is a hot glowing body of ignited gas which is produced when something is on fire.
    Some materials burn with a flame and some do not.
    Structure of a Flame
    A flame has three zones:
    1. Outermost zone is blue in colour and is the hottest part
    of the flame. This is also the zone where complete
    combustion takes place.
    2. Middle zone is yellow in colour and is moderately hot.
    In this zone, partial combustion takes place.
    3. Innermost zone is black in colour and least hot. Here,
    we can find the unburned wax vapours of a candle.
    Note: Kerosene oil and molten wax vapourise during
    burning but charcoal does not produce flame or
    vapourise when it burns.

    Q) Why do goldsmiths blow at the outermost zone of a flame for melting gold and silver?
    The outermost zone of a flame is its hottest part. Gold and silver have high melting points and
    hence, goldsmiths blow at the outermost zone of the flame to melt gold and silver quickly.
    What is a Fuel?
    Any substance which is easily available and burns in air at a moderate rate, producing a large
    amount of heat energy, without leaving behind any undesirable residue is called fuel.

    Fuels are substances that give us heat which we use for domestic and industrial purposes

    Eg:-wood, charcoal, petrol, kerosene, etc.


    It is not possible to get an ideal fuel but possible to get a GOOD FUEL.

    Characteristic of an ideal fuel or good fuel


    A good fuel is one which:
     has proper ignition temperature (neither too high nor too low),
     does not produce undesirable or poisonous substances and cause pollution,
     does not leave behind much ash or residue,
     is cheap,
     is readily available,
     produces a large amount of heat or have high calorific value,
     has a moderate rate of consumption,
     is easily controllable (can be started or stopped as needed),
     is easy to handle and transport, and
     has low moisture content (so that it burns easily).
    Types of Fuels
    Fuels can mainly be divided into three groups:
    1.Solid fuels: The fuels which occur in solid state at room temperature are called solid fuels.
    Example: Wood, agricultural residues, charcoal, coal, coke, etc.
    2. Liquids fuels: The fuels which occur in a liquid state at room temperature are called liquid
    fuels.
    Example: Liquefied hydrogen, petrol, oil, kerosene, diesel, etc.
    3. Gaseous fuels: The fuels which occur in a gaseous state at room temperature are called
    gaseous fuels.
    Example: Water gas, producer gas, coal gas, compressed natural gas (CNG) and gobar gas, etc.

    Qn:-Why is sulphur not used as a fuel even though it can burn in air to produce heat?
    Ans:_ Sulphur is easily available in nature and can burn in air to produce heat. However, it is
    not a fuel because on burning, it forms a poisonous gas, SO2 , which can cause serious
    respiratory problems and can even be fata
    FUEL EFFICIENCY
    The amount of heat energy produced on complete combustion of 1 kg of a fuel is called its
    calorie value.
    The efficiency of a fuel is measured by the calorific value. Higher is the calorific value of a
    fuel, the more is the efficiency.

    The calorific value of a fuel is expressed in a unit called kilojoule per kg (kJ/kg)

    Eg:- Calorific value of LPG is 55000 kJ/kg

    Hydrogen has high calorific value (150000 kJ/kg) and is a clean fuel. But it
    is rarely used because its storage, transport and handling are extremely
    difficult due to its inflammable nature. But it is used as fuel in rockets.
    HW - COPY calorific value of different fuels -page no-73
    Numericals – Based on calorific value

    HARMFUL EFFECTS OF BURNING OF FUELS


    1. Carbon based fuels like wood, coal, petroleum release unburnt carbon particles. These
    fine particles are dangerous pollutants causing respiratory diseases such as asthma.
    2. Incomplete combustion of these fuels gives carbon monoxide gas. It is a very poisonous
    gas. It is dangerous and can kill persons sleeping in that room.
    3. Combustion of most fuels releases carbon dioxide in the environment. Increase in this gas
    causes global warming.
    4. Burning of coal and diesel releases sulphur dioxide gas which is an extremely suffocating
    and corrosive gas. Moreover, petrol engines release gaseous oxides of nitrogen. Oxides of
    sulphur and nitrogen dissolve in rain water and form acids. Such rain is called acid rain.

    The use of diesel and petrol as fuels in automobiles is being replaced


    by CNG (Compressed Natural Gas), because CNG produces the
    harmful products in very small amounts. CNG is a cleaner fuel.

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