04 Control Systems - GQB (Ddpanda)
04 Control Systems - GQB (Ddpanda)
04 Control Systems - GQB (Ddpanda)
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GATE QUESTION BANK Contents
Contents
Basic Control System Components; Block Diagrammatic Description, Reduction of Block Diagrams.
Open Loop and Closed Loop (Feedback) Systems and Stability Analysis of these Systems. Signal Flow
Graphs and their use in Determining Transfer Functions of Systems; Transient and Steady State
Analysis of LTI Control Systems and Frequency Response. Tools and Techniques for LTI Control
System Analysis: Root Loci, Routh-Hurwitz Criterion, Bode and Nyquist Plots. Control System
Compensators: Elements of Lead and Lag Compensation, Elements of Proportional-Integral-
Derivative (PID) Control. State Variable Representation and Solution of State Equation of LTI
Control Systems.
Year ECE EE IN
( ) ( )( ( ))
( ) ( )
( )
6. For the signal flow graph shown in the
( ) ( ) ( )
figure, the value of ( )
is
( ) ( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )
( ) ( )
( )
( )
( ) ( )
( )
( ) EE - 2010
12. As shown in the figure, a negative
( ) feedback system has an amplifier of gain
100 with 10% tolerance in the forward
path, and an attenuator of value 9/100 in
EE - 2007 the feedback path. The overall system
10. The system shown in figure below. gain is approximately:
b0 c0 b1 C1
Σ Σ
Σ Σ 1/s Σ Σ1/s p ⁄
a a
0
1 (A) 10 1% (C) 10 5%
(B) 10 2% (D) 10 10%
Can be reduced to the form
EE - 2014 ( ) ( )
13. The closed-loop transfer function of a
system is ( ) The steady
( )
( )
state error due to unit step input is________
( ) ( )
17. The impulse response g(t) of a system G,
is as shown in figure(a). What is the
maximum value attained by the impulse
response of two cascaded blocks of G as
Assuming , shown in Figure (b)?
the input-output transfer function g(t)
( )
( ) of the system is given by
( ) 1 G G
( ) ( )
0 1 t
( ) ( ) (a) (b)
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
15. The block diagram of a system is shown in 18. Find the transfer function
( )
of the
( )
the figure
system given below
( ) ( ) ( )
IN - 2006 ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
19. The signal flow graph representation of a
control system is shown below. The ( ) ( )
Y(s) ( ) ( )
transfer function is computed as
R(s)
IN - 2011
22. The signal flow graph of a system is given
below.
( )
( ) ( ) The transfer function (C/R) of the system
is
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( )
( )
IN - 2007 ( )
( )
20. A feedback control system with high K, is
( )
shown in the figure below: ( )
( )
R(s)+ C(s) ( )
K G(s)
( )
( )
H(s) IN - 2012
23. The transfer function of a Zero-order-
Then the closed loop transfer function is. Hold system with sampling interval T is
(A) sensitive to perturbations in G(s)
( ) ( ) ( )
and H(s)
(B) sensitive to perturbations in G(s) ( ) ( ) ( )
and but not to perturbations H(s)
(C) sensitive to perturbations in H(s)
IN - 2013
and but not to perturbations G(s)
24. The complex function tanh(s) is analytic
(D) insensitive to perturbations in G(s)
over a region of the imaginary axis of the
and H(s)
complex s- plane if the following is TRUE
everywhere in the region for all integers n
IN - 2009
( ) ( )
21. A filter is represented by the signal flow
( ) ( )
graph shown in the figure. Its input x(t)
and output is y(t). ( ) ( )
The transfer function of the filter is ( )
1 1 ( ) ( )
X(s)
k 1/S
k
Y(s)
1 1
( ) ( )
IN - 2011
27. The unit-step response of a negative unity
feedback system with the open-loop
transfer function G(s) = is
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
ECE/EE/IN - 2013
28. Assuming zero initial condition, the
response y(t) of the system given below
to a unit step input u(t) is
U(s) Y(s)
ECE 3. [Ans. D]
1. [Ans. B] When ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( )
( )
4. [Ans. B]
( ) ( )[ ]
Negative feedback in a closed loop
( ) ( ) ( ) (i) Increases bandwidth
( ) ( ) (ii) Reduces gain
( )
(iii) Improve distance rejection
( )
( ) 5. [Ans. B]
By using cascading, summing differencing
2. [Ans. C] ( )
( ) we cannot implement
( ) ( )
In option (A) cascading
Op ( ) g
summing
Op ( ) g
differencing
So correct option is B
( ) ( )
6. [Ans. B]
From the SFG number of path gain
( ) ( )
{ g pg }
pg
( ) ( )
g pg
( )
{ }
( )
{ }
( )
( )
7. [Ans. D] EE
10. [Ans. D]
√
√
Σ
Σ Σ
( )
At
( )( ) These are four individual loops
( )
()
()
9. [Ans. B]
g ’ g
( )
( )
( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
()
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
Σ ( )
( )
( )
∑
( ) ( )
( ) p
Comparing eg. (I) and (ii), we get
∑
( )
12. [Ans. A]
T.F = =10
Also,
15. [Ans. B]
overall change in T.F for G = 10 is
= 1% ( ) ( ) ( )
1%
( ) ( p)
1 1/s G(s) s 1 C(s)
R(s)
( )
( )
1
() ( )
( ) 1
( )
( )
[ ( ) ( )]
14. [Ans. C]
g ’ g ( ) ( )
Paths: ( ) ( ) ( ( ) ) ( )
So put G(s) = s
( )
( )
( ) ( )
Loops:
16. [Ans. B]
( ) ( )( )
( )
[ ] ( )
[ ] ( )( ) ( )
17. [Ans. D] ( )( )
( )
Overall impulse response = g(f)*g(f)
( g )
h(f) = g(f)*g(f)
()
( )
( )
( )
IN
22. [Ans. C]
19. [Ans. A]
=1 ( )
There individual loops with gains:
( )
( )( )( ) ( )( )( ) ( )( )( )
( )
[ ]
( )
( ) ( )
( ) 23. [Ans. A]
( ) The transfer function of a Zero-order-
Hold system having a sampling interval T
20. [Ans. C] is ( )
In this case, open loop gain sensitivity is
measured with respect to KG. Because
here open loop gain = KG
28. [Ans. B]
( ) H(s)
u(s) Y(s)
25. [Ans. A]
⁄
() [ ⁄ ] ()
forward path =
(√ )
( )
30. [Ans. A]
Taking L.T on both sides,
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
26. [Ans. A] ( )
Writing the given open loop transfer in
form of
g
( )( )( )
So, at low frequencies, the approximate
model equivalent to original transfer
function will
( )
ECE - 2007
4. The frequency response of a linear, time-
invariant system is given by H(f)= (D)
. The step response of the system is j
( ) ( ) () ( ) ( ) ()
( ) ( ) () ( ) ( ) ()
(A) [ xp ( ) xp ( )] ( ) 4.
(B) [ xp ( ) xp ( ) xp y(t)
( )] ( )
1
(C) [ xp ( ) xp ( )] ( )
(D) [ xp ( ) xp ( )] ( )
ECE - 2009
10. The unit step response of an under-
damped second order system has steady
state value of 2. Which one of the
t
following transfer function has these
2. properties?
y(t)
1 ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
t
ECE - 2010
3. 11. A system with the transfer function
y(t) ( )
has an output
( )
t ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
(B)
15. The natural frequency of an undamped
y(t) second-order system is 40 rad/s. If the
system is damped with a damping ratio
0.3, the damped natural frequency in
t rad/s is ________.
(C)
16. The input ( ) where ( ) is the
y(t) unit step function, is applied to a system
with transfer function . If the initial
t val p i val
of the output at steady state is _______.
(D)
ECE - 2012
13. A system with transfer function
( )( )
( ) 18. For the second order closed-loop system
( )( )( )
is excited i ( ). The steady-state shown in the figure, the natural frequency
output of the system is zero at (in rad/s) is
(A) a (C) a ( ) ( )
(B) a (D) a ( )
(A) 16 (C) 2
(B) 4 (D) 1
19. A unity negative feedback system has an (A) 2.0 < K < 0.5
open-loop transfer function ( ) (B) 0 < K < 0.5
( )
(C) < <
.The gain K for the system to have a
(D) < <
damping ratio of 0.25 is________.
EE - 2007
20. The position control of a DC servo-motor
24. Consider the feedback control system
is given in the figure. The values of the
shown below which is subjected to a unit
parameters are = 1 N-m/A, Ω
step input. The system is stable and has
= 0.1H. J = 5 kg-m , B = 1 N-m
the following parameters kp = 4, ki = 10,
(rad/sec) and = 1 V/(rad/sec). The
a ξ
steady-state position response (in
1 z
radians) due to unit impulse disturbance
torque is _________. +
( ) +
0 Σ KP Σ ξ
+
( )
( ) The steady state value of z is
(A) 1 (C) 0.1
(B) 0.25 (D) 0
22. The number and direction of 25. For a step- input overshoot in the
encirclements around the point output will be
in the complex plane by the Nyquist plot (A) 0,Since the system is not under
of ( ) is damped
(A) Zero (B) 5%
(B) One, anti-clockwise (C) 16%
(C) One, clockwise (D) 48%
(D) Two, clockwise
26. If the above step response is to be
23. The first two rows in the Routh table for observed on the non-storage CRO, then it
the characteristic equation of a certain would be best have the as a
closed-loop control system are given as (A) Step function
1 (2K+3) (B) Square wave of frequency 50 Hz
2K 4 (C) Square wave of frequency 300 Hz
The range of K for which the system is (D) Square wave of frequency 2.0KHz
stable is
EE - 2011
31. The steady state error of a unity feedback
linear system for a unit step input is 0.1.
The steady state error of the same system,
for a pulse input r(t) having a magnitude
(C) ( )
( )
( )
( )
(D) IN - 2007
Common Data for Questions 38 & 39
The following figure represents a
proportional control scheme of a first
order system with transportation lag.
R(s) + C(s)
( )
EE-2016
( )
35. The transfer of a system is . The
( )
38. The angular frequency in
)( radians/s
)( at
a a p ()i ( φ) ( )( )
which the loop phase lag becomes is
for the input cos(2t). The value of A and
(A) 0.408 (C) 1.56
φ p iv l a
(B) 0.818 (D) 2.03
( )
√
39. The steady state error for a unit step
( ) input when the gain = 1 is
√
(A) ⁄ (C) 1
( )√
(B) ⁄ (D) 2
( )√
IN - 2008
36. Consider a linear time-invariant system
40. If a first order system and its time
with transfer function
response to a unit step input are as
( ) shown below, the gain K is
( )
If the input is cos(t) and the steady state
r(t) ()
output is ( ) then the value of A
is ______.
( )
Step Responses
( )
( )
(A) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
(B) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
(C) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
(D) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
ECE 3. [Ans. B]
1. [Ans. A]
[ p p ]
( ) x( ) () [ ]
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
√
√ 4. [Ans. B]
x( ) i () ()
()
() i ( )
√ ( )
( )
2. [Ans. C]
() ( ) p p
( )
( )
( )
( ) ( ) ( )
p
( )
When s =
( )
( ) ⁄
( ) () [ ] ()
p
( ) ()
When t = at steady state
output = 1
5. [Ans. D]
l ξ
In dominant pole concept the factor that
has to be eliminated should be in time Therefore P is undamped
constant form
( )( ) ξ
i v amp
( )( )
ξ
6. [Ans. C] i i i all amp
a v p ξa
√
ξ ξ
Where is the angle made by pole from i amp
negative real axis.
To make same, should be the same. 9. [Ans. A]
( ) √
( )
( )( )
√
() ( ) () 12. [Ans. A]
Which is also the required impulse
response of the system. x( )
Taking Laplace Transform of both sides
8. [Ans. D] ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
Comparing the given transfer functions ( )
with ( ) ( )
l a a
ξ
pi ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) lim ( ) lim
( )( )
( )( ) ( )
ξ a ( ) a
( )
( ) ( )
Nyquist plot is
m
ξ
√
ξ √
√
( )
ξ ⁄
[ ] [l ]
√ ξ ( ⁄ ) system should stable
ξ ⁄
[ ] ⁄ < < a l
ξ l
ξ EE
24. [Ans. A]
ξ Step input ( )
ξ ( )
The characteristic equation of above
( )
transfer function is ( )
( )
Comparing with standard equation ξ
ξ
ξ√
[ ] ( ) ( )( )
ξ ξ ξ
a ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) Comparing with
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) √
( )[ ]
( )
( ) ( )
( )[ ]
( ) ( ) √
√
( )
( ) ( )
( )
Steady state value of Z √
( )
√
Overshoot
⁄
√
( )( ) = 0.163 or 16.3%
ξ
26. [Ans. C]
√
25. [Ans. C]
Ω m √
a
Setting time ( )
+ i m
Square Wave
i
∫i
Taking Laplace transform
T
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
( )
For the square Wave ⁄ should be
greater than
∫i For
( ) m
( ) ( ) [ ]
For
( ) m
( )
For
( )
( ) m <
( )
Characteristic eq. Therefore, it would be best to have the
as a square wave of 300Hz.
28. [Ans. C]
( ) ( )
|
Comparing with standard form ( )
( ) x( ) [ () ( )]
ξ
ξ x( ) [ ] [ ]
ξ ( )
|
( )
The system is critically damped
( )
( )
( ) ( )
( )
( )( ) 33. [Ans. *] Range: 0.23 to 0.25
() [ i ]
( ) a ( )
Steady state error using final value ( )
( ) { }
theorem
ai m a ( )
( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
34. [Ans. A]
()
( )
( )( )
a
a x( )
a a p
() x( ) ( ) [ ( )]
[ x( ) ( )]
37. [Ans. B]
( ) ( ) ( ) Damping ratio ξ
( ) Undamped natural frequency
( )
( ) a ⁄
Steady state output to a unit step input
( )
( )
Hence, steady state error
() () ()
() ( ) () Characteristics equation is,
ξ
35. [Ans. B]
( ) ( m)
From options, if we take option B
() (i ) Then,
p () ( ) lim ( )
a a l
lim
() ( )
√
Hence option B is correct answer
a
IN
a
38. [Ans. D]
( )
() ( )
√ ( ) a ( )
Phase lag a ( )
It satisfy [ a ]
√ √ √
39. [Ans. B]
√ a ( )
( ) () ()
( ) i i al a
( ) ( )
( )
√
p x( ) ()
( ) 45. [Ans. B]
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) [ ( ) ( ) ( )]
( )
( )
( ) ( ) a ll
( )
lim ( ) So
( )[ ] ( )[ ]
40. [Ans. D] ( ) ( )
( )
lim
( ) ( )
a
Given ( )
| | √
x( )
46. [Ans. D]
41. [Ans. B]
T(s) =
( )
( )
( ) √ a
a √
√
⁄
42. [Ans. B]
47. [Ans. B]
( )
( )
43. [Ans. A] For unit Ramp input,
( ) () ()
( ) i
( )( )
( ) l i a
( ) ( )
( ) ( i)
im ( )
im ( )
48. [Ans. *] Range: 100 to 100
( ) ( )
mpa i mi a ξ
v √
44. [Ans. D]
Output due to
49. [Ans. B]
d(t)= ( ) () ( )
( )
( )
( )[ ]
( ) p ( ) ( ) ( )
( )
i [ ]
( ) ( ) lim ( ) lim [ ]
( ) ( )
( ) a
√ ⁄
: 080-617 66 222, [email protected] ©Copyright reserved. Web:www.thegateacademy.com 336
GATE QUESTION BANK Control Systems
( )
( )
( )( )
( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( )( )
( ) lim ( )
( )
lim [ ]
( )( )
( ) a
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) lim ( ) lim
( )
( ) a ;
( ) ( ) ( )
ECE - 2015
Which of the following statements is true?
8. A plant transfer function is given as
(A) The closed loop system in never
bl fo y v lu of ( ) ( ) . When the plant
( )
(B) Fo om po v v lu of operates in a unity feedback
closed loop system is stable, but not configuration, the condition for the
for all positive values stability of the closed loop system is
(C) For all positive v lu of lo
( )
loop system is stable
(D) The closed loop system is stable for ( )
ll v lu of bo po v ( )
negative ( )
k ( ) y EE - 2008
16. Figure shows a feedback system where
The required value of gain k to achieve K > 0. The range of K for which the
this is ___________ system is stable will be given by
+
+
( )
( )_ ( )
( ) ( )
IN - 2011
27. f wo ow of ou ’ bl of
third-order characteristic equation are
3 3
4 4
It can be inferred that the system has
(A) one real pole in the right-half of s-
plane
(B) a pair of complex conjugate poles in
the right-half of s-plane
(C) a pair of real poles symmetrically
placed around s = 0
(D) a pair of complex conjugate poles on
the imaginary axis of the s-plane
IN - 2016
28. The value of which will ensure that the
polynomial has roots
on the left half of the s-plane is
(A) 11 (C) 7
(B) 9 (D) 5
ECE 1 k+2
1. [ ] a k+2
k( ) (k ) (k )
( )
( (k ) (k ))
From Routh array, k (1+k)
k =2 & a = 0.75 (k ) jω = ω
ω ω + (k + 1) = 0; aω = k + 1;
2. [Ans. D] 4a = k + 1;
System is stable, controllable and non- From options, k = 2, a = 0.75
minimum phase system.
6. [Ans. *] Range 2.24 to 2.26
3. [Ans. C] Using root locus
Closed loop gain is jω
( )
( )
Characteristic equation
ω
Q( ) ( )
X X
lo loop system is stable only for
fo fo ll po v of Calculation of break point
the closed loop system is stable. k
( )( )
4. [Ans. C] k ( )( )
Perform Routh analysis to the polynomial k
in denominator of G(S).
1 3 5
2 6 3 | ( )|
(∈) [k ]
k k 2 0 2
Routh Hurwitz 5 5
1 k 2 2
2 k 4(0)
k k 0 2
u l y u o :
k
ok k k
k ∴ No of g g f olum
k
∴ No of oo g lf of –plane = 3
k
k
12. [Ans. *] Range: 0.95 to 1.05
9. [Ans. *] Range: 2 to 2 ( )
F( )
( )
1 3
( )
2 6
0(8) 0(12) Row of Minimum settling time and no overshoot
zeros implies
3
100/3 ω √
ω
P( ) ω
p( )
√ o
One sign change and 4 symmetric poles 2
13. [Ans. A]
imaginary poles, Right half and 2 on left
()
lf of ‘ ’ pl () u( )
()
10. [Ans. D] () u( )
1. If the elements present in the first ̇ u( )
column of RH table has same sign ̇ u( )
then we can say that system is stable; ̇
2. If there is any change in the sign of [ ] [ ][ ] [ ]u
̇
first column then we can say that y
system is Unstable and number of [ ][ ]
y
sign changes indicates the Number of
poles present in the right side of S – [ ] [ ] [ ]
plane For controllability:
3. If any element is zero in the first Q
column then it says the test breaks Q [ ]
down.
[ ][ ] [ ]
11. [Ans. *] Range: 3 to 3 Q [ ]
Given H(s)=
So controllable
Obtain RH criteria we get
k
EE
∴k & k (fo b l y)
14. [Ans. D]
u ( ) y ( )
17. [Ans. D]
( )( ) S= j
18. [Ans. B]
For G(s), poles are at 2 and 3 Stable
( ) Also, zeroes are to the right of S-plane
( )
( ⁄F) non-minimum phase type
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
19. [Ans. B]
Pole is in LHS of s-plane, Hence stable.
It is a special case under R-H stability
u ( ) y ( ) criteria. Imaginary roots are calculated
using auxiliary polynomial
( )
( ⁄F)
( )
( ) ( ) 1
1
( )( ) ( )
Hence unstable as it has pole at right
hand side of S-plane 1
( ) ( )
15. [Ans. B] ( )( )
k( ) √
( )
( k k)
1 64 + 3k √
s 16 + k
1 64 + 3k
∴ k (o ) fo m g l bl y
For K = 16, ω ⁄
24. [Ans. C]
Open loop transfer function
( )
( )
( )( )
√ √
( )( ) √ o √
26. [Ans. D]
1 + G(s) H(s) = 0
(s + 1) (s + 2) + k(s+3) = 0
System is stable, for all positive K.(from
Routh Hurwitz criterion)
(o ) ∞
27. [Ans. D]
3 3
4 4
S 0(∈ )
1 4
∴
( )( )
28. [Ans. D]
Routh array
1 2
3
0
0
29. [Ans. C]
Fo ( )
u o
( ) ( )
( )( )
( )
( )( )
U g
1 4
2 9
0
9 0
column of RH table does not
contains positive sign only
∴ y m b om u bl
ECE - 2007 ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) k
1. A unity feedback control system has an ( )( )
open-loop transfer function ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) k
( ) . The gain K for which ( )( )
( )
s= 1+j1 will lie on the root locus of this ( ) ( ) ( ) k
( )( )( )
system is ( )
(A) 4 (C) 6.5 ( ) ( ) ( ) k
( ) )
(B) 5.5 (D) 10
ECE - 2014
ECE - 2009
4. Consider the feedback system shown in
2. The feedback configuration and the pole-
the figure. The Nyquist plot of G(s) is also
zero locations of G(s) = are shown shown. Which one of the following
below. The root locus for negative values conclusions is correct?
of k, i.e. for ∞<k<0, ha
k ( )
breakaway/break-in points and angle of
departure at pole P (with respect to the
( )
positive real axis) equal to
+
+ k G(s)
Im(s)
( )
ECE - 2011
5. In the root locus plot shown in the figure,
3. The root locus plot for a system is given
the pole/zero marks and the arrows have
below. The open loop transfer function
been removed. Which one of the following
corresponding to this plot is given by
transfer functions has this root locus?
EE-2016
0 0
17. The gain at the breakaway point of the
X X
root locus of a unity feedback system with
open loop transfer function
The closed loop transfer function of the ( ) i
system is ( )( )
( ) (A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 5 (D) 9
( )
( ) ( )( )
IN - 2007
( )
( ) Statement for Linked Answer Q. No. 18 & 19
( ) ( )( )
A transfer function with unity DC gain has
( )
( ) three poles at , , and and no
( ) ( )( )
finite zeros. A plant with this transfer
( )
( ) function is connected with a proportional
( ) ( )( )
controller of gain K in the forward path, in
a unity feedback configuration.
EE-2015
18. The transfer function is
15. The open loop poles of a third order unity
feedback system are at 0, –1, –2. Let the ( )
( )( )( )
frequency corresponding to the point where
the root locus of the system transits to ( )
( )( )( )
unstable region be K. Now suppose we
introduce a zero in the open loop transfer ( )
function at –3, while keeping all the earlier ( )( )( )
open loop poles intact. Which one of the ( )
following is TRUE about the point where the ( )( )( )
( ) 5 √5 ( ) 5 √5
ECE
1. [Ans. D] So option A and D are crossed out
roduct of pha or dra n fro There are 2 asymptotes. So number of
( )
op n loop pol to that point poles is two more than number of zeros.
k|
roduct of pha or dra n fro Since there has to be one zero at either
( )
op n loop ro to that point , or , the remaining break
√ 0 √5√ frequencies are all poles
k| √ 00 0
on id r ∑ ∑
option ,
2. [Ans. B]
( )
0 √ ntroid point h r th a y ptot t
( )
Angle of departure is 0
Where ; 5
0 5 5 The picture forms to this
For option C, centroid is at 0 which is
3. [Ans. B] wrong
From plot we can observe that one pole Hence Option B is correct.
terminates at one zero at position and
three poles terminates to ∞ . It means 6. [Ans. *] Range 0.32 to 0.41
there are four poles and 1 zero. Pole at
goes on both sides. It means there are two
poles at ξ 0.5
θ
4. [Ans. D]
For larger values of K, it will encircle the 0
5. [Ans. B]
k
( )
( )
θ co ξ 0
| | 0.5
So the co-ordinates of point A is
√
0.5 co 0 0.5 in 0 0. 5
On the root locus, we know | ( )|
√
t 0. 5
There are 4 poles/zeros at
| ( )| k | || | 0. 5
s = 1, , ,
There has to be one pole – zero pair at
, both cannot be poles or zeros
at the same time.
X
aginary
Given root locus is complementary root
locus for which either k < 0 or loop gain
is +ve means +ve feedback, means G(s) is
always +ve
k 0
k ∞ So for k > 0
X X X
al
k
( ) ( )
( )( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) k
Breakaway point lies in the range ( ) ( )( ) k
< [ ] < 0 and two branches
terminates at infinity along the 15. [Ans. D]
asymptotes Re(s)
16. [Ans. A]
13. [Ans. A]
( ) 0
k( )
( ) ( ) k 0
( )
k
ntroid d
0
d
ngl of a y ptot 0
p
0. i th olution ak k 0
5
0, , ,…( – Z – 1)
17. [Ans. A]
0 0
for poles at zero T ( )
( )( )
[ 0 ]
Now, characteristics equation
0
( ) ( ) 0
o Rool locus is
k| k| 0
( )( )
( 5 0 )
d
or br ak a ay point 0
d
0 d
2 ⁄ [ 0 ] 0
d
g t
Therefore valid break away point is s = 2,
So all these roots have nearly equal real now gain at s = 2 is
parts on left half plane when k ∞ roduct of di tanc fro all
th pol to br ak a ay point
14. [Ans. C] roduct of di tanc fro all
th ro to br ak a ay point
ain,
IN ( 0 )
k
18. [Ans. B] ( b)
With unity DC gain, poles at We need to find the breakaway point.
, and and no finite zeros dk dk
o, 0 or, 0
d d
lant T.
( )( )( ) ( b)( 0 ) ( 0 ) 0
0 b 0b 0 0
19. [Ans. C] ( b 0) 0b 0
. ( ) . o , 0 is not the breakaway point
T( )
( ) ( )( )( ) o, ( b 0) 0b 0
( ) 0 For all the three root loci to meet at a
single point, we need that this equation
( ) has equal roots.
( )
o, ( b 0) 0b
( ) b 0b 00 0b
row has zero elements if 6k = 60 or b 00b 00 0
k = 10 then 2 roots lie on the imaginary axis b(b 0) 0(b 0) 0
given by 0, √ . If k > 10, ( b 0)(b 0) 0
0
the root at √ hift to of plan o, b 0 or
But b = 20 is not the required value of b
20. [Ans. C]
because it will cancel out an open-loop
k( )
( ) pole
( ) 0
( ) o, b i th r uir d valu
k
( )
dk 22. [Ans. C]
0
d ( )
( ). ( ). ( ) ( 5)
0
( ) dk
0
0 d
S= √ 0.5 , . (( 5). (
) ( ). )
0
RL exists at 3.41 ( 5)
( ) 0 5 0
0 √ 00 0
5 √ 0
.
23. [Ans. D]
( )
( )
( )( )
( ( ))( ( ))
( )
( )( )
21. [Ans. B]
k( b)
( )
( 0)
For unity feedback, characteristic
equation is 1+ G(s) = 0
0 k kb 0
θ tant ( )
θ [ tan ( )]
θ [ [ tant ( )]]
|θ| |θ | tan ( )
24. [Ans. ]
nt r ction of a y ptot
u of pol u of ro
nu b r of pol nu b r of ro
(0 0 0) ( )
25. [Ans. A]
Angle of arrival is calculated on a complex
zero and it is given by,
0
(at a v i aginary ro)
( i)( i)
( )
( i)( i)
( i)
[ i i][ i i]
[ i i][ i i]
[ i]
( i)
[ i][ ]
0 [ 0 tan ] [ 0]
0 0 5 0 5
0 5 5
Other angle will be same with opposite
sign
Re
(C)
G(s)
(D)
ECE - 2011 5
Common Data Question 3 and 4
( ) ( )
The input – output transfer function of a
j
plant ( ) . The plant is placed
( ) 5
in a unity negative feedback configuration
as shown in the figure below.
( )
( )
ECE - 2015 () e( )
( ) ()
6. The polar plot of the transfer function
( )
( ) fo ≤ < ∞ wi be i he
(A) first quadrant (C) third quadrant
(B) second quadrant (D) fourth quadrant (A) 0 (C) 1.0
(B) 0.5 (D) ∞
7. Consider a continuous time signal defined
EE - 2007
as
10. If x = Re G(j ), and y = Im G(j ) then for
i ( ⁄ ) → , the Nyquist plot for
() ( ) ∑ ( )
( ⁄ ) G(s)=1/s(s+1)(s+2)
Whe e ‘*’ de o e he co vo io becomes asymptotic to the line
operation and t is in seconds. The Nyquist (A) x = 0 (C) x = y ⁄
sampling rate (in samples/sec) for x(t) (B) x = ⁄ (D) d = y / √
is_________.
EE - 2009
ECE - 2016 11. The polar plot of an open loop stable
8. A closed-loop control system is stable if system is shown below. The closed loop
the Nyquist plot of the corresponding system is
open-loop transfer function
Imaginary
(A) Encircles the s-p e poi ( )
in the counterclockwise direction as
many times as the number of right- Real
half s-plane poles. ∞
(B) Encircles the s-p e poi ( )
in the clockwise direction as many
times as the number of right-half s-
plane poles. (A) Always stable
(C) Encircles the s-p e poi ( ) (B) Marginally stable
in the counterclockwise direction as (C) Unstable with one pole on the RHS s-
many times as the number of left-half plane
s-plane poles. (D) Unstable with two poles on the RHS
s-plane
(D) Encircles the s-p e poi ( )
in the counterclockwise direction as
many times as the number of right- 12. The open loop transfer function of a
half s-plane zeros. unity feedback system is given by
(e )⁄
G(s) = The gain margin of this
9. For the unity feedback control system system is
shown in the figure, the open-loop (A) 11.95dB (C) 21.33dB
transfer function G(s) is given as (B) 17.67dB (D) 23.9dB
( )
( ) EE - 2010
The steady state error e due to a unit 13. The frequency response of
step input is ( ) ( )( ) plotted in the
complex ( ) plane (for < < ∞) is
(A) Im EE - 2011
14. A two-loop position control system is
3/4 shown below.
oo
( ) ( )
Re ( )
Tacho-generator
∞ ( )
( )
Re
Re ∞
( )
𝛚=0
1/6
( ) IN - 2009
20. A unity feedback control loop with an
open transfer function of the form ( )
has a gain crossover frequency of 1 rad/s
and a phase margin of . If an element
( ) ∞
√
having a transfer function is inserted
√
into the loop, the phase margin will
become
(A) (C)
0 (B) (D)
EE - 2016 IN - 2011
16. Loop transfer function of a feedback Common Data for Questions 21 and 22
system is ( ) ( ) . Take the The open-loop transfer function of a unity
( )
Nyquist contour in the clockwise negative feedback control system is given
direction. Then, the Nyquist plot of by G(s) = ( )
G(s)H(s) encircles 21. The value of K for the phase margin of the
(A) Once in clockwise direction system to be 45° is
(B) Twice in clockwise direction
(A) 250√ (C) 125√
(C) Once in anticlockwise direction
(B) 250√ (D) 125√
(D) Twice in anticlockwise direction
e IN - 2012
(A) ⁄ (C) ⁄ 23. The open loop transfer function of a unity
(B) ⁄ (D) negative feedback control system is given
by
Statement for Linked Answer Q. No. 18 & 19
( )
Consider a unity feedback system with ( )( )
open loop transfer function The gain margin of the system is
(A) 10.8 dB (C) 34.1dB
( )
( )( ) (B) 22.3dB (D) 45.6dB
18. The phase crossover frequency of the
system in radians per second is IN - 2014
(A) 0.125 (C) 0.5 24. The loop transfer function of a feedback
(B) 0.25 (D) 1 control system is given by
( ) ( )
19. The gain margin of the system is ( )( )
(A) 0.125 (C) 0.5 Its phase crossover frequency (in rad/s),
(B) 0.25 (D) 1 approximated to two decimal places, is __.
→∞
e( ( ))
ECE
1. [Ans. B] ( )
2. [Ans. C] ( )
At | ( ) ( )|
| ( ) ( )|
GM = 20 og | | d
i d og d
At ( ) ( )
PM = 5. [Ans. A]
( )
3. [Ans. D]
𝐹or option (D). So ( ) is a straight line parallel to
( ) axis.
( )
6. [Ans. A]
Which i o fe f c io of ( )
( )
( )
4. [Ans. C]
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( )
( )
<
For phase cross-over frequency,
∞ <
( )
d ec
( ) ( )
( ) ∞
| ( ) ( )|
So, zero is nearer to imaginary axis. Hence Given that closed loop system is stable
plot will move clockwise direction. It is means z = 0 N = P
first quadrant. So he q i e ci c e he – plane
point ( 1 +j0) in the counter clockwise
7. [Ans. *] Range: 0.39 to 0.41 direction as many times as the number of
i ( ⁄ ) right half s – plane poles
() ∑ ( )
( ⁄ )
9. [Ans. A]
Convolution in time domain becomes
multiplication is frequency domain ( )
( )
( )
∑ (f f )
p i ep i p ( )
( )
T e i
→ ( ) ( )
i
→
i ( ⁄ )
( )
( ⁄ )
f
∞
EE
10. [Ans. B]
∑ ( ) ( ) ( )
f ( )
Multiplication in frequency domain will ( )( ) ( )( )
result maximum frequency is 0.2. p o ic o →
11. [Ans. D]
2 clockwise encirclement of 1 + j0
= 0; N = 2
=2
15. [Ans. B]
e
|e |i w fo v e of
( ) ( )
| ( )|
( ) ( )
i (ph e c o f eq e c )
| ( )| 16. [Ans. A]
q i p o of ( ) ( )
i gi og
| ( )| i how be ow
( )
og
d
13. [Ans. A]
( ) w ∞ w
( )
(( ) ( ) ) (( ) ( )) w
w ∞
→
( ) ∞
→ ∞
G (j ) 0+ From the Nyquist plot G(s) H(s) encircle
Option (A) satisfies above once in clockwise direction.
14. [Ans. A] IN
17. [Ans. C]
( )
T( )
(K ) ( ) ( )
( )
e
(K )
⁄
d ec
(K )
e
is dependent on K (A) is correct ( ) ( )
is independent of K (B) is not
correct
T( ) ( ) e
( ) (K )
(K ) For system to be stable G(s) should lie in
T( ) ( ) the left of ( 1, 0)
ow f eq e cie T( ) ≈ For finding the critical/ marginal value
apply phase condition
high f eq e cie T( ) ≈
wT w
( ) d (D) are partially correct T
22. [Ans. A]
fo ( ) e
K
h c e i ic eq io
| ( )| | e | ( )
( K)
w w The dominant poles are given by
So w ( K)
T K
( )
T
ζ
o be e T < K
18. [Ans. C] ζ
( ) ( ) K
o ζ
( ) ( )
K
K
d ec 23. [Ans. C]
= 15 r/s
19. [Ans. A]
| ( )| √ √
i d og [ ]
d
20. [Ans. A]
24. [Ans. *]Range 0.30 to 0.34
of T( )
( ) ( )
( ( )) ( )( )
fo
√
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
(S √ )
T( )
( √ ) ( )
PM of T (s) = T( )| ( )
21. [Ans. B] ∞
So =1
( )
ec
( )
rad/sec
| ( )|
K
| |
( )
K √
( )
On varying o ∞
( )|
( )|
∞
( )|
Consider the Transfer function to be Now on varying o ∞
( )|
( )
( ) ( )|
g i de ( )|
√ ( ) On plotting
( )
√
h e ( )
∞
∞
e ( )
∞ ∞
O p io of ( ) is true
No. of times the Nyquist plot encircle
The system is type-1 and is unstable
the origin clockwise = 1
60 dB/decade
( ) | ( )|
( )( ) ( )
( )
( )( )
( ⁄ )
( )
( )( ) If the system is connected in a unity
( ) negative feedback configuration, the
( )( ) steady state error of the closed loop
system, to a unit ramp input, is_________.
ECE - 2010
2. For the asymptotic Bode magnitude plot ECE-2015
shown below, the system transfer 6. The transfer function of a mass-spring-
function can be damper system is given by
( )
The frequency response data for the
system are given in the following table.
arg
⁄ | ( )|
( )
0.01
0.1
0.2 2.6
( ) ( ) 1 16.9
2 89.4
( ) ( ) 3 151
5 167
10 174.5
The unit step response of the system (A) Three poles and one zero
approaches a steady state value of (B) Two poles and one zero
__________ (C) Two poles and two zeros
(D) One pole and two zeros
7. Consider the Bode plot shown in figure.
Assume that all the poles and zeros are EE - 2009
real valued. 11. The asymptotic approximation of the
log-magnitude vs frequency plot of a
system containing only real poles and
zeros is shown. Its transfer function is
40 dB / dec
60 dB / dec
80 dB
( )
ECE-2016 ( )
( )
9. The forward-path transfer function and ( )( )
the feedback-path transfer function of a ( )
( )
single loop negative feedback control ( )( )
system are given as ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )( )
respectively. If the variable parameter K ( )
( )
is real positive, then the location of the ( )( )
breakaway point on the root locus
diagram of the system is __________ EE - 2011
12. The frequency response of the linear
EE - 2008 system ( ) is provided in the tabular
10. The asymptotic Bode magnitude plot of a form below.
minimum phase transfer function is | ( )| ( )
shown in the figure. 1.3
| ( )| 40 dB/ decade 1.2
(dB) 1.0
0.8
20
20 dB/ decade 0.5
0.3
0.1 ( )
(log scale) The gain margin and phase margin of the
20
system are
0 0 dB/ decade
(A)
This transfer function has (B)
(C)
(D)
EE - 2014 | ( π )|
13. The Bode magnitude plot of the transfer
( )( ) 20
function ( ) is shown
( )( )( )
0
below:
Note that -6 dB/octave = -20 dB/decade.
The value of is_______
0. 1 10 100 1k 10k 100k f(Hz)
1( )
( ) ( )
( )
( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
EE - 2016
17. The phase cross-over frequency of the
( ⁄ ) transfer function G(s) = ( )
in rad/s is
( ) √ ( )
14. For the transfer function
( )
( ) ( ) ( ) √
( )( ) √
The values of the constant gain term and
the highest corner frequency of the Bode 18. Consider the following asymptotic Bode
plot respectively are magnitude plot ( is in rad/s)
(A) 3.2, 5.0 (C) 3.2, 4.0
)
( ) ( )
log
IN-2016
24. The transfer function G(s) of a system
(log scale)
which has the asymptotic Bode plot
shown below is
( ) ( ) Bode Diagram
√
Phase (Degree) Magnitude (dB)
( ) ( )
√
IN - 2013
21. The Bode plot of a transfer function G(s)
is shown in the figure below.
Gain (dB)
40
32
Frequency (rad/sec)
20 ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
0 ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
1 10
100
( ) ( )
-8
( )
2. [Ans. A] ( )
( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) In s domain,
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( )
3. [Ans. *] Range 42 to 48 ( )
| ( )|
( )
( )
| |
4. [Ans. A]
In a transfer function if all are poles if we ( )
plot the BODE diagram, then an each and
every corner frequency we have to y( )
introduce a line of slope y( )
and hence on the 4th frequency the slope
of line will become – 80 dB/sec and will 7. [Ans. *] Range: 8970 to 8970
continue upto infinity Slope from frequency to 300 is 40
dB/dc
Rise of 40 dB from to 300 implied
frequency change is one decade
Hence 300 = 10 √ √
y √
√
y 3.14
√ 11. [Ans. B]
( )
( ) ( )( )
Solving we have
( )|
( ) ( ⁄ )
( )
( )( )
9. [Ans. *] Range: to ( )
( )
( ) ( ) ( )( )
( ) ( )
12. Ans. A]
( )
At gain across over frequency ( ),
magnitude of ( ) is 1.
| ( )|
( ) ( ) Phase of ( ) ( )
[ ] Phase of margin = ( )
( )( ) ( )
[ ] At phase cross frequency ( )
( )
( ) ( )
[ ] ( )
( )
| ( )|
[ ] Gain margin=
( )
( ) ( )
14. [Ans. A] ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( )( )
( ) y
( )( )( )
( )
( ) ( )
y ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
Phase cross over frequency
( ) ( )
( )
√
18. [Ans. A]
( )
Magnitude (dB)
( ) ( )
0.5 8
√
[ ]
√
√
( )
⁄
( ) 22. [Ans. D]
( )
For minimum phase system, all poles and
zeros must lie inside the unit circle. For
( )( )
stable system, all poles must be inside the
IN unit circle. For the system, zero is at 2
19. [Ans. C] pole is at 0.5. This system is stable but
Compare with Bode magnitude plot of non – minimum phase.
standard transfer function.
23. [Ans. C]
( )
( )
24. [Ans. B]
( )
Since the initial slope is 0 dB/decade, thus
( ) it a type zero system
( )
( )
has 2 poles and 1 zero
20. [Ans. B]
This condition is only for phase lead N/W
√
√
21. [Ans. B] ( ) ( )
32 dB
( ) ( )
( )
( )
1 10
ECE - 2007 .
1. A control system with PD controller is
.
shown in the figure. If the velocity error
constant Kv =1000 and the damping ratio
ξ =0.5, then the values of Kp and KD are
00
Group II
r K +K s y 1. PID controller
s(s 0)
2. Lead compensator
3. Lag compensator
(A) Q – 1, R – 2 (C) Q – 2, R – 3
(A) K = 00, K = 0.0 (B) Q – 1, R – 3 (D) Q – 3, R – 2
(B) K = 00, K = 0.
ECE - 2009
(C) K = 0, K = 0.0
4. The magnitude plot of a rational transfer
(D) K = 0, K = 0.
function G(s) with real coefficients is
shown below. Which of the following
2. The open-loop transfer function of a plant compensators has such a magnitude plot?
is given as [ (s) = ]. If the plant is | (jω)|
operated in a unity feedback 20dB
configuration, Then the lead compensator
that can stabilize this control system is log ω
0(s ) 0(s ) 0
( ) ( )
s s 0 (A) Lead compensator
0(s ) 0(s ) (B) Lag compensator
( ) ( )
s s 0 (C) PID compensator
(D) Lead – lag Compensator
ECE - 2008
3. Group 1 gives two possible choices for the ECE - 2010
impedance Z in the diagram. The circuit 5. A unity negative feedback closed loop
elements in Z satisfy the condition system has a plant with the transfer
R2C2 >R1C1. The transfer function
function G(s) = and a controller
represents a kind of controller. Match the
(s) in the feed forward path. For a unit
impedances in Group I with the types of
step input, the transfer function of the
controllers in Group II.
controller that gives minimum steady
Z state error is
s
- ( ) (s) =
s
+ s
( ) (s) =
s
Group I (s )(s )
( ) (s) =
. (s )(s )
. ( ) (s) = s
s
EE - 2007
10. The system 900/s(s+1)(s+9) is to be
compensated such that its gain-crossover
IN - 2007
frequency becomes same as its
13. A Cascade control system with
uncompensated phase-crossover frequ-
proportional controllers is shown below.
ency and provides a 450 phase margin. To
(s)
achieve this, one may use K K
( )( ) ( s )
(s)
(A) A lag compensator that provides an
attenuation of 20 dB and a phase lag
of 450 at the frequency of √ rad/s
(B) A lead compensator that provides an Theoretically, the largest values of the
amplification of 20dB and a phase gains K and K that can be set without
lead of 450 at the frequency of 3 causing instability of the closed loop
rad/s system are:
(A) 1 (C) 10
(B) 5 (D) 100
ECE 3. [Ans. B]
1. [Ans. B]
00( )
(s) = =
(s 0s 00 00 ) s
s
= (s) (s) =
(K K ) 00 s
000 =
(s 0) s
= 00 =
comparing Eq.(1) with standard 2nd s
order equation
=
ω = 00 ω = 0√ = 00 s
(s) (s )(s )
ξω = 0 00 = =
00 = 0 00 = 0. (s) s
The above equation is a PID controller
2. [Ans. A] o =
s
(s) = =
s (s )(s ) =
s
The lead compensator C(s) should first
(s) (s )
stabilize the plant i.e. remove term = =
( ) (s) (s )
0(s ) The above equation is a lag compensator.
(s). (s) =
(s )(s ) (s ) ( )
Only option (A) is satisfies.
4. [Ans. D] 9. [Ans. A]
| ( ω)| plot shows presence of 2 poles & K( a)
K(jω a)
(s) = =
2 zeroes in Bode equivalent plot (jω )
hase = tan ω a tan ω
5. [Ans. D] For phase lead tan ω a > tan ω
e = . (s) since phase should be positive
s 0 a
= s.
s 0 s( (s) (s))
EE
= 0 fo ( ) 10. [Ans. D]
00
6. [Ans. A] | = 0
s(s )(s )
ω ω
= tan tan
a ω = = = a se
for phase lead should be positive √ √ .
ω ω
tan tan 00
a
| (jω ) (jω )| = | |
a s(s )(s )
Option (A) & (C) satisfies, it may be
=
observed have be observed that option (C)
will have poles and zero in RHS of s – plane, 00
=
thus not possible (not a practical system)
it can be concluded that option (A) is right = , =
00 ( . a )
7. [Ans. A] = = 0
ω ( a )
(ω) = tan ω tan
For maximum phase shift = 0 log
| (jω ) (jω )|
t
=0
ω = 0 log ( )= 0
0
. =0 Negative GM implies that the system is
ω ω⁄
unstable. ω should become ω gain
= cross over frequency,
ω ω ω = a se , the magnitude should
ω ω =0
be 0dB.
ω =
To make the magnitude ‘0’ at
ω=√ a se ω = a se a lag compensator which
gives an attenuation of 20dB(before
8. [Ans. *]Range: 0.5 to 0.5
compensation the magnitude is 20dB)
s
ven (s) = and to obtain 45 phase margin at
s
ω = a se a lead compensator with
e o= = = a phase lead of 45 is used.
A lag lead compensator that provides an
ole = = =
attention of 20dB and phase lead of 45 at
o, = 0.5 the frequency of 3 rad/sec is used.
= 0( = )
00 00
0K = 00
0K =
K = . 0
K = 0 approximate value
15. [Ans. D]
(s) = (s) ( (s) 50 (s)) [ ]
s
(s) = 0
(s) (s) [ ]=0
s
K
(s) [ ]=0
s
K
(s) [ ]=0
Zero means at ω = 0
K=
[ ] [ ][ ] [ ]
1/s
Where is the speed of the motor, is 1 1 1/s
the armature current and u is the
armature voltage. The transfer function
of the motor is The set of equations that correspond to
this signal flow graph is
(A) ( ) [ ]( )
[ ]( )
Common Data Questions 2 and 3
Consider a linear system whose state
space representation is ̇ (t) = Ax (t). If (B) ( ) [ ]( )
the initial state vector of the system is
x(0) = [ ], then the system response is [ ]( )
(A) The system is completely state A state space model of the above system
controllable for any nonzero values in terms of the state vector and the
of p and q output vector [ ] is
(B) Only P = 0 and q = 0 result in (A) ̇ [ ] [ ] [ ]
controllability
(C) The system is uncontrollable for all (B) ̇ [ ] [ ] [ ]
values of p and q
(C) ̇ [ ] [ ] [ ]
(D) We cannot conclude about
controllability from the given data (D) ̇ [ ] [ ] [ ]
[ ][ ]
11. The state transition matrix of the 15. The state equation of a second-order
system shown in the figure above is linear system is given by
̇
(A) [ ] (C) [ ]
o [ ] [ ] n
(B) [ ] (D) [ ]
fo [ ] [ ]
ECE - 2014 h n [ ]
12. Consider the state space model of a
system, as given below (A) [ ]
̇
[̇ ] [ ][ ] [ ] (B) [ ]
̇
(C) [ ]
[ ][ ]
(D) [ ]
The system is
(A) controllable and observable 16. The state transition matrix of a
(B) uncontrollable and observable ̇
(C) uncontrollable and unobservable system [ ] [ ] [ ] is
̇
(D) controllable and unobservable
(A) [ ] (C) [ ]
the matrices P, Q and R as follows: (A) When is the only input and is
the only output
[ ]
(B) When is the only input and is
[ ] the only output
[ ] (C) When is the only input and is
The system has the following controllability the only output
and observability properties: (D) When is the only input and is
(A) Controllable and observable the only output
(B) Not controllable but observable
(C) Controllable but not observable 32. For the system governed by the set of
(D) Not controllable and not observable equations:
⁄
29. The state transition matrix for the system ⁄
̇
[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] is
̇ The transfer function Y(s)/U(s) is given by
(A) [ ] (C) [ ] (A)
(B)
(B) [ ] (D) [ ] (C)
(D)
30. Consider the system described by
following state space equations EE - 2016
̇ 33. Consider the following state-space
[ ] [ ][ ] [ ]
̇ representation of a linear time-invariant
[ ][ ] system
If u is unit step input, then the steady ̇ [ ]
state error of the system is
[ ] n [ ]. The value of y(t)
(A) 0 (C) 2/3
(B) 1/2 (D) 1 for t = lo is _____
IN - 2008
35. The state space representation of a
system is given by ̇ = [ ] X + [ ]u, y
IN - 2009
36. A linear time-invariant single-input
single-output system has a state space
model given by =Fx + Gu; y = Hx
Where F =[ ]; G=[ ]; H =[ ].
Here, x is the state vector, u is the input,
and y is the output. The damping ratio of
the system is
(A) 0.25 (C) 1
(B) 0.5 (D) 2
IN - 2011
37. The transfer function of the system
described by the state-space equations
̇
[ ] [ ][ ] [ ]
̇
[ ] [ ] is
ECE
1. [Ans. A] [ ]=[ ]( ) + [ ]( )
5. [Ans. C]
[ ] [ ]
| | n on oll bl p, q
6. [Ans. B]
̇
̇
2. [Ans. A]
Let A = [ ]
̇
̇
[ ] ̇
̇
[ ][ ]
Method II
It can also be solved by applying the
M on’ n fo m l
8. [Ans. B]
[ ] [ ][ ] [ ][ ]
A=[ ]& B = [ ] ̇
[ ]
̇
In matrix form
So, AB = [ ][ ] = [ ] ̇
[ ] [ ][ ] [ ]
̇
=[ ] ̇ [ ][ ] [ ]
And
So, the controllability matrix, h
[ ][ ]
⌈ ⌉ =[ ] [ ]
[ ] [ ] [ ]
[ ] 2
[ ] [ ]
[ ] 3
12. [Ans. B] 2 3
[ ] [ ]
[ 2 3]
[ ] [ ]
Controllable matrix
[ ] [ ]
[ ][ ] [ ]
The state controllable matrix is
[ ̇ ̇ ] [ ]
[ ]
[ ]
The rank of S is 3
So the system is always controllable
17. [Ans. D]
14. [Ans. C] ̇
̇
[ ] [ ][ ]
̇ ⏟
[ ] [ ]
[ ⁄]
( ) [ ]
2 3
[ ][ ]
18. [Ans. A]
̇
[ ] [ ]
̇
[ ] [ ] [ ][ ] [ ]
̇
̇
[ ][ ] [ ] o [ ] [ ]
[ ] [ ][ ]
[ ][ ]
[ ] [ ]
o [ ]
[ ] [ ] [ ]
[ ]
n f f n on
[ ]
[ ]
[ ] [ ]
[ ]
For marginal stable system,
EE
[ ]
20. [Ans. D]
[ ] ([ ] )[ ] [ ]
21. [Ans. A]
m m [ ]
( )
24. [Ans. C]
22. [Ans. C] [ AB] controllable | |≠
Selecting and as state variables ( ) has
̇ exponential with positive power
Unstable
[ ] [ ]
| |
[ ] [ ]
[ ]
{| | } [ ]
[[ ] ]
[ ] 30. [Ans. A]
[ ] [[ ] ]
n f f n on
[ ]
[ ] [[ ] [ ]]
Y(t) [ ][ ]
[ ]
[ ] [ ]
27. [Ans. *] Range 2.9 to 3.1
Characteristic equation | |
| |
[ ] [ ]
[ ]
o lm
lm lm ( )
| |
| |
| | 31. [Ans. B]
| |
32. [Ans. A]
28. [Ans. C]
n [ ] [ ]
o on oll bl
[ ] [ ]
Considering the standard equation
IN
35. [Ans. A]
̇
[ ] [ ][ ] [ ][ ]
̇
[ ]
[ ][ ]
Transform function [ ]
[ ] [[ ] [ ]] [ ] ([ ][ ] [ ])
[ ][ ] [ ] ([ ][ ])
[ ][ ][ ]
36. [Ans. B]
The poles of the system are obtained from
the system matrix, F
det (SI – F )= 0
33. [Ans. *] Range: 5.9 to 6.1
The time response is given by [ ]
S(S + 2) + 4 = 0
h
[ ] [ ]
[ ] 37. [Ans. A]
T(s) =
[ ] [ ] [ ][ ]
[ ]
| =6 [ ] [ ] [ ]
| | | |
34. [Ans. A]
[ ][ ]