Hydraulic Structure

CAMELLIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
NAME : DEEP HAZAM

ROLL NO : 23001321048
REGISTRATION NO :212300101320006 (2021-22)
YEAR : 4th
SEMESTER : 7th
SUBJECT : HYDRAULIC STRUCTURE
SUBJECT CODE : CE(PE) 701C
GROUP NO : 10
TOPIC : RIVER TRAINING WORKS
INTRODUCTION :
Rivers are magnificent forces of nature, meandering through
landscapes, carving deep valleys, and nurturing ecosystems.
However, their dynamic nature can also pose challenges, particularly
in areas where human activities intersect with these water bodies. To
manage and control their flow effectively, river training works play a
crucial role. In this article, we delve into the significance of river
training works, their methods, and the benefits they bring to both
humans and the environment
Definition of River Training :

The process of controlling the flow in river & river bed configuration is
called river training works. These are the structural measures adopted
in rivers to avoid outflanking & shifting its thalweg due to
geomorphological changes in the river. So, the river training works
stabilize the river channel along a certain alignment.

Objectives of River Training :
1. To prevent the river from changing its course & to avoid outflanking
of hydraulic structures like a bridge, weir, aqueducts, etc.
2. To prevent flooding of surrounding countries by providing a safe
passage of floodwaters without overtopping the banks.
3. To protect the river banks by deflecting the river away from the
attacked banks.
4. To ensure effective disposal of sediment loads.
5. To provide minimum river water depth required for navigation.
6. To prevent additional areas to be submerged due to afflux.
Understanding River Training Works:
River training works refer to a set of engineering techniques
employed to regulate and modify the course of a river, enhancing its
navigability, flood control, and water management capabilities. These
interventions are carried out with careful consideration for the natural
dynamics and characteristics of the river, aiming to strike a balance
between human needs and environmental preservation.

Methods of River Training Works:
1.Dams and Barrages:
Dams and barrages are constructed across rivers to store water and
regulate its release. By managing the water flow, these structures help
prevent flooding during heavy rainfall or snowmelt and ensure a
constant water supply for various purposes, such as irrigation,
industrial use, and domestic consumption.
2.Embankments:
Embankments, also known as levees or flood banks, are raised banks
built along the river's course to contain its flow within defined
boundaries. They protect nearby settlements, agricultural lands, and
infrastructure from floods, preventing damage and loss of life.
Additionally, embankments can redirect the river's course, avoiding
erosion and maintaining stability.
3.River Channelization:
Channelization involves modifying the river's path to improve its
navigability, facilitate irrigation, and control erosion. By dredging or
widening the river channel, obstacles such as sandbars and rocks can
be removed, allowing for safer and more efficient navigation.
Channelization projects often involve the construction of training walls
or revetments to prevent bank erosion and maintain a stable flow.
4.River Training Structures:
Various structures are utilized as a part of river training works. Spur
dikes, groynes, and wing walls are constructed perpendicular to the
river's flow to redirect the water, control sediment deposition, and
mitigate erosion. These structures help maintain a balanced and
stable river system while preventing excessive scouring and bank
erosion.
Benefits of River Training Works:
1.Flood Mitigation:
One of the primary benefits of river training works is flood control. By
managing the flow and containment of water, these interventions
reduce the risk of flooding in downstream areas. This protects lives,
property, and valuable ecosystems located along the riverbanks.
2.Enhanced Navigation:
River training works improve the navigability of waterways, allowing
for safe transportation of goods and people. By removing obstacles
and maintaining a consistent flow, these interventions facilitate trade
and economic growth in the regions connected by the river systems.
3.Water Resource Management:
Efficient water management is crucial for sustainable development.
River training works enable the regulated release of water, ensuring a
stable supply for irrigation, drinking water, and industrial use. By

preventing excessive water loss or wastage, these interventions
contribute to the conservation of this precious resource.
4.Ecological Preservation:
River training works can be designed to minimize their impact on the
environment and preserve the natural ecosystem. By carefully
considering the ecological needs of the river and its surroundings,
these interventions can create habitats for various flora and fauna,
maintaining biodiversity and ecological balance.
Functions of River Training Works:
It includes guide banks, marginal bunds, spurs, etc. Functions of river
training works are:
 To provide and non-tortuous approach to the weir.
 To prevent the river from out-flanking the weir.
 To prevent additional areas to be submerged due to afflux.
 To prevent erosion of the river banks (protective works).

 To ensure the smooth and axial flow of water, to prevent the river
from out ------ the works due to change in its course.
River Training Works

Guide banks:
Guide Bank are earthen embankments with stone pitching in the
slopes facing water, to guide the river through the barrage, These river
training works are provided for rivers flowing in planes, upstream and
downstream of the hydraulic structures or bridges built on the river.
Guide banks guide the river water flow through the barrage.
Guide banks force the river into restricted channel, to ensure almost
axial flow near the weir site. (embankments in continuation of G-
Banks. To contain flood within flood plains)
Marginal Bunds:
Marginal bunds are flood embankments in continuation of guide banks
designed to contain the floods within the flood plain of the river. Both
height and length vary according to back water effect caused by the
barrage. They are not provided with stone pitching and fully cover the
back- water length. Provided on the upstream in order to protect the
area from submergence due to rise in HFL, caused by afflux.
Groynes or spurs:
Marginal bunds are also called as ‘Spurs’.
 Embankment type structures constructed transverse to river
flood, extending from the banks into the river (also transverse
dykes)
 Protect the bank from which they are extended by deflecting the
current away from the bank.

Conclusion:
River training works are essential engineering interventions that strike
a delicate balance between human needs and environmental
conservation. By controlling the flow, preventing flooding, enhancing
navigation, and managing water resources, these interventions ensure
the sustainable use and preservation of rivers. It is crucial to approach
river training works with a comprehensive understanding of the river's
natural dynamics, considering both short-term goals and long-term

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CAMELLIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

NAME : DEEP HAZAM

landscapes, carving deep valleys, and nurturing ecosystems.

However, their dynamic nature can also pose challenges, particularly

in areas where human activities intersect with these water bodies. To

crucial role. In this article, we delve into the significance of river

humans and the environment

Definition of River Training :

in rivers to avoid outflanking & shifting its thalweg due to

geomorphological changes in the river. So, the river training works

stabilize the river channel along a certain alignment.

of hydraulic structures like a bridge, weir, aqueducts, etc.

2. To prevent flooding of surrounding countries by providing a safe

passage of floodwaters without overtopping the banks.

4. To ensure effective disposal of sediment loads.

5. To provide minimum river water depth required for navigation.

6. To prevent additional areas to be submerged due to afflux.

Understanding River Training Works:

River training works refer to a set of engineering techniques

employed to regulate and modify the course of a river, enhancing its

navigability, flood control, and water management capabilities. These

dynamics and characteristics of the river, aiming to strike a balance

between human needs and environmental preservation.

1.Dams and Barrages:

prevent flooding during heavy rainfall or snowmelt and ensure a

constant water supply for various purposes, such as irrigation,

industrial use, and domestic consumption.

Embankments, also known as levees or flood banks, are raised banks

boundaries. They protect nearby settlements, agricultural lands, and

infrastructure from floods, preventing damage and loss of life.

Additionally, embankments can redirect the river's course, avoiding

erosion and maintaining stability.

navigability, facilitate irrigation, and control erosion. By dredging or

be removed, allowing for safer and more efficient navigation.

Channelization projects often involve the construction of training walls

or revetments to prevent bank erosion and maintain a stable flow.

4.River Training Structures:

Various structures are utilized as a part of river training works. Spur

dikes, groynes, and wing walls are constructed perpendicular to the

river's flow to redirect the water, control sediment deposition, and

mitigate erosion. These structures help maintain a balanced and

stable river system while preventing excessive scouring and bank

One of the primary benefits of river training works is flood control. By

managing the flow and containment of water, these interventions

reduce the risk of flooding in downstream areas. This protects lives,

property, and valuable ecosystems located along the riverbanks.

River training works improve the navigability of waterways, allowing

for safe transportation of goods and people. By removing obstacles

and maintaining a consistent flow, these interventions facilitate trade

and economic growth in the regions connected by the river systems.

3.Water Resource Management:

Efficient water management is crucial for sustainable development.

River training works enable the regulated release of water, ensuring a

stable supply for irrigation, drinking water, and industrial use. By

contribute to the conservation of this precious resource.

River training works can be designed to minimize their impact on the

environment and preserve the natural ecosystem. By carefully

considering the ecological needs of the river and its surroundings,

maintaining biodiversity and ecological balance.