Investigatory Project - Group 2

St. Joseph’s Institute, Inc.
Candon City, Ilocos Sur
“The Efficacy of Waste Glass and Paper as Alternative Additives to Cement Bricks”
An Investigatory Project
In
WORK IMMERSION
Researchers:
Gaerlan, Paul Michael, V.
Javillonar, Alexis James, M.
Adolfo, Cristina Rose, S.
Arce, Xena Gabrielle, R.
Date of Defense
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
ABSTRACT
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
ABSTRACT
CHAPTER I
Introduction and Its Background
Statement of the Problem
Formulation of the Hypothesis
Significance of the Study
Scope and Delimitation of the Study
Definition of Terms
CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

Related Literature
Related Studies
CHAPTER III: METHODOLOGY

Subject of the Study
Procedure
Research Design
The Statistical Treatment
CHAPTER IV: PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION OF

_______________DATA
Presentation, Analysis, and Interpretation of Data
Results
CHAPTER V: SUMMARY, CONCLUSION, AND RECOMMENDATION
Summary
Conclusion
Recommendation
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study
1.2 Statement of the Problem
The foundation of infrastructures should be stable and sturdy. The physique of every
building should be the primary concern since fragile foundations could be a danger for
the people inside and around it. Glasses and papers are often disposed and recycled, of
which glasses are used for mosaic and papers are used to make new paper. However,
according to Ryan Deer (2021), 31.3 percent are recycled and nearly 62 percent are
disposed to landfill annually. Furthermore, Eco-Friendly Habits stated that about 44.2
million tons of paper are recycled and 85 million tons of paper waste are created
annually. Therefore, we have come up to an idea to recycle glasses and papers to
innovate more durable cement bricks as a way to reduce solid wastes since more people
wanted to construct buildings which results to diminish construction aggregates such as
sand and gravels, considering that these are nonrenewable resources; this study aims to
find the answers to the following questions:
1. What are the effects when glasses are added more than papers in cement?
2. What are the effects when papers are added more than glasses in cement?
3. What are the effects when glasses and papers added with equal proportion in
cement?
4. Which mixture of brick is durable?
5. What is the difference between coarse-grained and fine-grained glass?
6. What height will the brick made of glass and paper, break?
1.3 Formulation of Hypothesis
Glass and paper are found to be less effective additive compound in making cement
bricks. Glasses and papers did not combine well with the mixture which resulted into an
unsteady and weak cement brick. This made it easier to rupture compared to pure cement
bricks
1.4 Significance of the Study
1.5 Scope and Delimitation of the Study
This study mainly focuses on the effects of adding different types of glass, namely
coarse-grained and fine-grained, and proportion of glass to paper ratio in a pure cement
mixture in attempting to make cement bricks stronger. In order to make the variety of
glass, the researchers used a mortar and pestle for the grinding process. As for procedure
to make the samples of brick with the use of glass, paper, and cement; the researchers
used measuring cups, strainer, stirring rod, and mold for it to make the samples properly.
The data will be gathered by conducting a drop test and comparing the durability of the
brick with the additional glasses and papers to pure cement bricks. The outcomes would
determine whether or not the null hypothesis should be accepted.
1.6 Definition of Terms
Cement Additives are materials that are mixed into cement to improve its properties and
grinding process.
Cement Brick is one of the most common type of brick that is made from a mixture of
cement and aggregate, usually sand.
Coarse-grained are large particles that are rough or loose in texture such as gravel.
Drop Test is the simplest way to test the strength of a building block. It usually involve
an object being dropped from a predefined height onto a surface.
Fine-grained are small particles that are soft or powdered-like texture like sand.
CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES
2.1 Related Literature and Studies
CHAPTER III
METHODOLOGY
3.1 Subject of the Study
3.2 Procedure
3.3 Research Design
3.4 Statistical Treatment
CHAPTER IV
PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA
4.1 Presentation, Analysis, and Interpretation of Data
4.2 Results
CHAPTER V
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION, AND RECOMMENDATION
5.1 Summary
5.2 Conclusion
5.3 Recommendation
REFERENCES

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St. Joseph’s Institute, Inc.

Candon City, Ilocos Sur

Gaerlan, Paul Michael, V.

Javillonar, Alexis James, M.

Adolfo, Cristina Rose, S.

Arce, Xena Gabrielle, R.

CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

CHAPTER III: METHODOLOGY

CHAPTER IV: PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION OF

1.3 Formulation of Hypothesis

1.6 Definition of Terms

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