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    Solution Exam 23-8

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    1) A pendulum with length 38.47 m has an initial angle of 8.973° and oscillates with an angular frequency of 0.5050 rad/s. 2) The Doppler effect results in no change in frequency when the observer and source have a relative velocity of 0 m/s, which first occurs after 6.221 seconds. 3) The maximum velocity of the pendulum bob is 3.042 m/s. The Doppler shift causes the maximum perceived frequency to be 403.5 Hz and the minimum frequency to be 396.5 Hz.

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    Solution Exam 23-8

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    1) A pendulum with length 38.47 m has an initial angle of 8.973° and oscillates with an angular frequency of 0.5050 rad/s. 2) The Doppler effect results in no change in frequency when the observer and source have a relative velocity of 0 m/s, which first occurs after 6.221 seconds. 3) The maximum velocity of the pendulum bob is 3.042 m/s. The Doppler shift causes the maximum perceived frequency to be 403.5 Hz and the minimum frequency to be 396.5 Hz.

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    1) A pendulum with length 38.47 m has an initial angle of 8.973° and oscillates with an angular frequency of 0.5050 rad/s. 2) The Doppler effect results in no change in frequency when the observer and source have a relative velocity of 0 m/s, which first occurs after 6.221 seconds. 3) The maximum velocity of the pendulum bob is 3.042 m/s. The Doppler shift causes the maximum perceived frequency to be 403.5 Hz and the minimum frequency to be 396.5 Hz.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    16 views2 pages

    Solution Exam 23-8

    Uploaded by

    gamer gaming
    1) A pendulum with length 38.47 m has an initial angle of 8.973° and oscillates with an angular frequency of 0.5050 rad/s. 2) The Doppler effect results in no change in frequency when the observer and source have a relative velocity of 0 m/s, which first occurs after 6.221 seconds. 3) The maximum velocity of the pendulum bob is 3.042 m/s. The Doppler shift causes the maximum perceived frequency to be 403.5 Hz and the minimum frequency to be 396.5 Hz.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    solution exercise exam 23/8/2021

    1) pendulum length: L = SQRT [(50-12)² + 6²] = 38.47 m


    initial angle: qmax = INVsin(6/38.47) = 8.973° = 0.1566 rad
    w = SQRT(g/L) = SQRT(9.81/38.47) = 0.5050 rad/s
     qT = 0.1566 * cos(0.5050t) rad (with t is s)
    that is with q positive as in drawing, so clockwise from vertical
    (3 pts)

    2) Doppler: same frequency when vT = 0, for the first time after one half period = T/2 = p/w =
    6.221 s
    (2 pts)

    3) vmax = L*(dq/dt)max = L*w*qmax = 38.47*0.5050*0.1566 = 3.042 m/s


    (alternatively from conservation of energy: vmax = SQRT[2g(L-38m)]=3.04 m/s)
    vsound = 331+0.6*Temp. = 331 + 0.6*30 = 349 m/s
    Doppler: fmax = 400*349/(349-3.042) = 403.5 Hz
    fmin = 400*349/(349+3.042) = 396.5 Hz
    (3 pts)

    4) phase difference = 90° = p/2 rad


    (Jane leads by 90°: qJ = 0.1566 * cos(0.5050t+p/2) rad = -sin(.5050t) rad)
    (2 pts)

    5) Doppler: f' max or min when f' = f(vs-vx,T)/(vs-vx,J) max or min, so when df'/dt = 0
    Mind the signs: f' increases if T moves to the right, so in the negative x-direction,
    f' increases as well if J moves to the left, so in the positive x-direction, hence the minus signs
    in the expression!
    so with f' = f(vs-vx,T)/(vs-vJ) = f*[vs+ vmax*sin(wt)]/[ vs+ vmax*cos(wt)]
    df'/dt = 0 leads to cos(wt) + sin(wt) = - vmax/vs = -0.00872 (≈ 0)
    exact numerical solution gives wt = -45.35°+n2p and 135.35°+n2p
    for 135.35°: f' = 800[349+3.042sin(135.35°)]/[349+3.042cos(135.35°)] = 809.9 Hz = f'max
    (for -45.35°: f' = 800[349+3.042sin(-45.35°)]/[349+3.042cos(-45.35°)]= 792.2 Hz = f'min)
    with explicit approximation .008 ≈ 0 : f'max = 809.9 Hz is OK

    alternative, not 100% correct:


    f' max when relative velocity is maximum (approaching) ( this is only approximatively
    correct!)
    vrel = vT-vJ = [-v0*sin(wt)] - [- v0*cos(wt)] = v0*[cos(wt) - sin(wt)]
    vrel max or min when dvrel/dt = 0
    so when -sin(wt) - cos(wt) = 0 or sin(wt) = - cos(wt)
     wt = -p/4+np
    fmax when both move towards each other, fmin when both move away from each other:
    then (not needed): vrel, max = 2*vmax*sin(3p/4) = 2*3.042/SQRT(2)=4.302 m/s)
     then for q positive at starting position Tarzan (x-axis to the left):
    xT = x0*cos(wt)  vx,T = -vmax*sin(wt)
    xJ = -x0*sin(wt)  vx,J = -vmax*cos(wt)
    at times of maximum relative speed │vT│ = │vJ│ = 3.042*sin(3p/4) = 3.042/SQRT(2) =
    2.151 m/s
    Doppler: fmax = 800*(349+│vT│)/(349-│vJ│) = 809.9 Hz
    (10pts, 5 for reasoning and 5 for mathematical derivation)
    Diagrams with q positive at original position of Tarzan (x-axis to the left):

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