Iso 22400 1 2014
Iso 22400 1 2014
Iso 22400 1 2014
STANDARD 22400-1
First edition
2014-10-01
Reference number
ISO 22400-1:2014(E)
© ISO 2014
ISO 22400-1:2014(E)
Contents Page
Foreword......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... iv
Introduction...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................v
1 Scope.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 1
2 Terms and definitions...................................................................................................................................................................................... 1
3 Abbreviated terms............................................................................................................................................................................................... 3
4 Concept of KPIs........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 3
4.1 General............................................................................................................................................................................................................ 3
4.2 Criteria for KPIs....................................................................................................................................................................................... 3
4.3 Characterization of KPIs.................................................................................................................................................................. 4
4.4 Types of KPIs by unit of measure............................................................................................................................................. 6
4.5 Categories of KPIs by purpose.................................................................................................................................................... 6
4.6 Generating KPIs from measurements.................................................................................................................................. 6
4.7 Identification and selection of KPIs....................................................................................................................................... 7
4.8 Structure of KPI....................................................................................................................................................................................... 7
4.9 Presentation of KPI.............................................................................................................................................................................. 7
5 Definitions and descriptions.................................................................................................................................................................... 7
5.1 General model........................................................................................................................................................................................... 7
5.2 Table structure......................................................................................................................................................................................... 8
5.3 Elements........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 8
5.4 iTeh STANDARD PREVIEW
Time models............................................................................................................................................................................................... 8
5.5 Effect model diagrams....................................................................................................................................................................... 8
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6 Exchange and use.................................................................................................................................................................................................. 9
6.1 General............................................................................................................................................................................................................
ISO 22400-1:2014 9
6.2 Abstract structure for exchange purposes....................................................................................................................... 9
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7 Relationships and dependencies ....................................................................................................................................................... 11
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7.1 General......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 11
7.2 Model of relationships and dependencies..................................................................................................................... 12
7.3 Effectiveness of KPIs........................................................................................................................................................................ 12
7.4 Maturity model..................................................................................................................................................................................... 13
Annex A (informative) KPIs in the context of MOM.............................................................................................................................15
Bibliography.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 19
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
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ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity
assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers
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to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary information
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The committee responsible for this document is Technical Committee ISO/TC 184, Automation systems
and integration, Subcommittee SC 5, Interoperability, integration and architectures of automation systems
and applications. ISO 22400-1:2014
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under the general title Automation systems and integration —
ISO 22400 consists of the following parts,0427b181b27f/iso-22400-1-2014
Key performance indicators (KPIs) for manufacturing operations management:
— Part 1: Overview, concepts and terminology
— Part 2: Definitions and descriptions
The following parts are planned:
— Part 3: Exchange and use
— Part 4: Relationships and dependencies
Introduction
Using key performance indicators (KPIs) for manufacturing operations management (MOM) is motivated
by the possibility to use them to improve the value creation processes of an enterprise.
Measuring performance enables an enterprise to quantify aspects of all its activities. ISO 22400 focuses
on performance measures found to be particularly meaningful for the realization of operational
performance improvement. These performance measures can be achieved through combining various
measurements from operations and forming what are called KPIs. The monitoring of performance is
specific to identified objectives of the enterprise, and KPIs are most useful when their values can be
used to identify trends relative to certain operational objectives.
Within an enterprise, the various operational areas, such as sales, manufacturing, engineering, marketing,
and other business support functions, have different sets of performance indicators. These various
performance indicators are used together to monitor the realization of enterprise business objectives.
An International Standard for KPIs is beneficial for comparing enterprise operations over extended
periods of time and for comparing similar operations of enterprises within an industry.
The management of manufacturing operations is normally associated with an intermediate level
within the functional hierarchy of a manufacturing enterprise. In IEC 62264-1, the MOM domain is the
intermediate domain between the enterprise domain (Level 4) and the control domain (Levels 1 and 2).
The KPIs defined in this part of ISO 22400 are intended to be calculated using data from the control
domain, and to provide both the enterprise domain and the MOM domain with decision support
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information to manage the enterprise.
This part of ISO 22400 presents(standards.iteh.ai)
an overview, concepts and terminology for KPIs. ISO 22400-2 covers
guidelines for computing and for measuring the components of a KPI. Future parts of ISO 22400 will
cover definitions for the content and context of the exchange and the use of KPIs, and specifications of
ISO 22400-1:2014
relationships, dependencies among KPIs, and the maturity of the collection and use of KPIs.
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1 Scope
ISO 22400 specifies an industry-neutral framework for defining, composing, exchanging, and using
key performance indicators (KPIs) for manufacturing operations management (MOM), as defined in
IEC 62264-1, for batch, continuous and discrete industries.
This part of ISO 22400
— provides an overview of a KPI;
— presents concepts of relevance for working with KPIs, including criteria for constructing KPIs;
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— specifies terminology related to KPIs;
— (standards.iteh.ai)
describes how a KPI can be used.
ISO 22400-1:2014
2 Terms and definitions
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For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
2.1.1
capability
ability to perform actions
Note 1 to entry: The definition includes attributes on qualifications and measures of the ability, as in the
definition of capacity.
2.1.4
interoperability
capability (2.1.1) of two or more entities to exchange items in accordance with a set of rules and
mechanisms implemented by an interface in each entity, in order to perform their respective tasks
Note 1 to entry: Examples of entities include devices, equipment, machines, people, processes (2.1.8), applications,
software units, systems and enterprises.
Note 2 to entry: Examples of items include information, material, energy, control, assets and ideas.
2.1.6
manufacturing operations management
MOM
activities within Level 3 of a manufacturing facility that coordinate the personnel, equipment and
material in manufacturing
3 Abbreviated terms
ID Identification
4 Concept of KPIs
4.1 General
The motivation for using KPIs in the MOM domain starts with a description of the value creation
processes (see Clause A.2). An enterprise is described by three hierarchical models:
— physical asset;
— functional; iTeh STANDARD PREVIEW
— equipment. (standards.iteh.ai)
The functional and the equipment hierarchy models are of importance in ISO 22400. The KPIs in
ISO 22400-1:2014
ISO 22400 are limited to the MOM domain (see Clause A.4). Selection of KPIs depends on the production
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methodology that is used by the 0427b181b27f/iso-22400-1-2014
enterprise (see Clause A.5). KPIs in the MOM domain identify and
achieve improvement targets based on actionable information (see Clauses A.6 and A.7).
f) Accurate: the KPI is accurate to the extent to which the measured value of the KPI is close to the true
value, where a departure from the true value can be affected by poor data quality, poor accessibility
to the measurement location, or the presence of substandard measurement devices and methods.
g) Timely: the KPI is timely to the extent it is computed and accessible in real-time, where real-time
depends on the operational context.
h) Predictive: the KPI is predictive to extent to which a KPI is able to predict non-steady-state operations.
i) Actionable: the KPI is actionable to the extent to which a team responsible for the KPI has the
knowledge, ability, and authority to improve the actual value of the KPI within their own process.
j) Trackable: the KPI is trackable to the extent to which the appropriate steps to take to fix a problem
are known, documented, and accessible, where the particular problem is indicated by particular
values or temporal trends of the KPI.
k) Relevant: the KPI is relevant to the extent to which the KPI enables performance improvement in
the target operation, demonstrates real-time performance, allows the accurate prediction of future
events, and reveals a record of the past performance valuable for analysis and feedback control.
l) Correct: the KPI is correct to the extent that, compared to the standard definition (if one exists), the
calculation required to compute the value of the KPI compared to the standard definition (if one
exists) has no errors with respect to the standard definition.
m) Complete: the KPI is complete to the extent that, compared to the standard definition (if one exists),
the definition of the KPI, and the calculation required to compute the value of the KPI, covers all
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parts, and no more, of the standard definition.
n) (standards.iteh.ai)
Unambiguous: the KPI is unambiguous to the extent that the syntax (i.e. grammar) and semantics
(i.e. meaning) in the definition of the KPI lacks ambiguity or uncertainty.
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o) Automated: the KPI https://standards.iteh.ai/catalog/standards/sist/a0fed567-bdd8-464f-8a12-
is automated to the extent that KPI collection, transfer, computation,
implementation, and reporting are automated.
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p) Buy-in: the KPI has buy-in to the extent that the team responsible for the target operation, as well
as teams responsible for both upper and lower level KPIs, are willing to support the use of the KPI
and perform the tasks necessary to achieve target values for the KPI; includes difficulty of obtaining
official approval by management for the KPI.
q) Documented: the KPI is documented to the extent that the documented instructions for
implementation of a KPI are up-to-date, correct, complete, and unambiguous, including instructions
on how to compute the KPI, what measurements are necessary for its computation, and what actions
to take for different KPI values.
r) Comparable: the KPI is comparable to the extent that means are defined to reference supporting
measurements over a period of time, and a normalizing factor to express the indicator in absolute
terms with appropriate units of measure.
s) Understandable: the KPI is understandable to the extent that the meaning of the KPI is comprehended
by team members, management, and customers, particularly with respect to corporate goals.
t) Inexpensive: the KPI is inexpensive to the extent that the cost of measuring, computing, and
reporting the KPI is low.
4.3.1 General
When a definition of a KPI is given, it should contain information about its content:
a) name: name of KPI, e.g. availability, worker effectiveness;
b) ID: a user-defined unique identification of the KPI in the user’s environment;
c) description: a description of the KPI;
d) scope: identification of the element for which the KPI is relevant, e.g. a work unit, work centre, work
order, product, or personnel (see IEC 62264-3);
e) formula: the mathematical formula of the KPI defined in terms of elements;
f) unit of measure: the basic unit or dimension in which the KPI is expressed;
g) range: the upper and lower logical limits of the KPI;
h) trend: information about the improvement direction, i.e. higher-is-better or lower-is-better.
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4.3.3 Context information (standards.iteh.ai)