Question 1 [13]

1.1. Indicate whether the following are attributes or variable data (7)

No. Data Attribute/Variable

a Number of typing errors in a report A
b Coin diameter in millimetres V
c Number of reports with typing errors A
d The number of times a shipment is late A
e The number of sits that fail inspection A
f Number of patients with fever A
g The temperatures of patients with fever V

1.2. With examples, clearly differentiate between ‘within-piece’ and ‘piece-to-piece’

categories of variation in piece part production. (6)

Question 2 [26]
A hospital has been monitoring the time it takes to complete admission forms in the
emergency room. The observed times are given in table 1 below.
Table 1 Admission form times in minutes

Observations
Subgrou
p
Number X1 X2 X3
1 6,1 6,9 7,4
2 6,2 5,2 6,8
3 4,9 6,6 6,6
4 7 6,4 6,1
5 5,4 6,5 6,7
6 6,6 7 6,8
7 4,7 6,2 7,1
8 6,7 5,4 6,7
9 6,8 6,5 5,2
10 5,9 6,4 6

2.1. Determine the central line and control limits for the X and R charts using the
data provided. (14)
2.2. Plot the labelled X and R charts. (8)
2.3. Briefly analyse the plotted X and R charts. (4)
UCLx=X+A2R = 6.293+(1.023*1.3) = 7.6229
LCLx=X+A2R = 6.293-(1.023*1.3) = 4.9631

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 UCLR=D4R = 2.574*1.3 = 3.3462
LCLR=D3R = 0

Average Range
9 4
8 3.5
7 3
6
2.5

Time (min)
5
2
4
3 1.5
2 1
1 0.5
0 0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Avg UCLx LCLx CLx Range UCLr LCLr CLr

Question 3 [36]

Management of Cappuccino restaurant want to purchase a new coffee machine and

has tasked the workers to measure the temperature of the coffee given to customers
during the month of July using subgroup size of 6.

In order to get the capability of the current coffee machine you are given the data in
Table 2 below, to analyse the process.

Table 2 Average and standard deviation for coffee temperatures

Subgroup
number Date X̄ s
1 07/01 134 6.42
2 136 6.56
3 07/05 142 7.25
4 138 6.25
5 07/10 151 6.54
6 140 6.36
7 07/15 139 6.29
8 139 6.24
9 07/20 138 6.36
10 141 6.29

3.1. What does ‘subgroup size’ mean? (2)

3.2. Using data provided in table 2, answer the following questions.

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 X̄
3.2.1. Determine the trial central line and control limits for and s charts. (12)
X̄
3.2.2. Plot the and s control charts. (8)
3.2.3. Is the coffee machine temperature in statistical control? (2)
3.2.4. Assume there are assignable causes and calculate the revised central line
X̄
and control limits for the and s charts. (10)
3.2.5. Determine the process capability for the coffee machine. (2)

3.1. The number of observations in a sample √√

3.2.1. Determine the trial central line and control limits for X and s charts.

X = 139.8/10 = 64.56/10
= 6.456 √√
= 139.8 √√
UCL X =X+ A2 R=139.8+1.427(6.456)=149.0127 UCLs=B 4 S=2.089(6.456)=13.487
LCLX =X−A 2 R=139.8−1.427(6.456)=130.5873 LCLs=B3 S=0(6.456 )=0
√√ √√
√√√√
UCL=X+A3S =139.8+(1.287*6.456)=148.1089 UCL=B4S=1.970*6.456 =12.7183
LCL=X-A3S =139.8 –(1.287*6.456)=131.4911 LCL=B3S=0.030*6.456 = 0.1937
3.2.2. Plot the X̄ and s control charts.

Average Control Chart

155
150
Average (in degrees)

145
x bar
140 x db
135 ucl
130 lcl

125
120
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Subgroup number

√√√√

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 Standard deviation Control Chart
16
Standard deviation (degrees)

14
12
10 s
8 s bar
UCL
6
LCL
4
2
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Subgroup Number

√√√√
3.2.3. Is the coffee machine temperature in statistical control? Explain

No, subgroup 5 average is above the upper control limit, therefore the coffee
machine is not in statistical control. √√
3.2.4. Assume there are assignable causes and calculate the new central line and
control limits for the X̄ and s charts.
∑ X̄− X̄ d s0 6 . 456
¯
X̄ σo =
new = c 4 = 0 . 9400 = 6.868 √√√
m−m d
1398−151
=
10−1 = 138.556 √√ S0 = Snew = 6.456 √ C4=0.9515
UCL X̄ = X̄ o + Aσ o
= 138.555 + 1.225 (6.868)
=148.357 √√
LCLX̄ = X̄ o −Aσ o σ 0=
s
=
6.456
=6.868
= 138.5556 – 1.225(6.868) C4 0.9400
= 128.755 √√ 6 σ 0=( 6 )( 6.868 ) =41.208 √√

A major automobile company is interested in reducing the time the customer have to
wait while having their car serviced with one of the dealers. They select four
customers randomly each day and find the total time that each customer has to wait
(in minutes) while his or her car is serviced. From these four observations, the
sample average and range are found. This process is repeated for 25 days. The
summary data for these observations are:

∑ X i=1000 ∑ R i=250 ∑ S i=200

2.1. Find the and the R control limits. (10)
2.2. Find the and S control limits (10)

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 √ √

√√ √√

√√ √√

√ √

√√ √√

√√ √√

5.1. Indicate whether the following characteristics are attribute or variable data
a) The length of a pen in centimetres
b) The number of times a shipment is late
c) Delivery times in days for each shipment
d) The number of seats that fails inspection
e) Weight of seats in kilograms
f) The taste of fresh coffee
g) Business income and expenses

Type of data (A/V)

A The length of a pen in centimetres V
B The number of times a shipment is late A
C Delivery times in days for each shipment V
D The number of seats that fails inspection A
E Weight of seats in kilograms V
F Taste of fresh coffee A
G Business income and expenses V

Question 4 [10]

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The control charts for X and R are kept on the weight in kilograms of a colour pigment for a
batch process. After 25 subgroups with a size of 4, ∑ X=52.08 kg , ∑ R=11.82 kg.
Assuming the process is in a state of control, compute the X and R chart central line and
control limits for the next production period. (10)

X = 52.08/25 = 11.82/25
= 2.08 kg √ = 0.47 kg √
UCL X =X+ A2 R=2.08+0.729(0.47)=2.42kg UCLR =D4 R=2.282(0.47 )=1. 08kg
LCL X =X−A 2 R=2.08−0.729(0.47)=1.74 kg LCL R=D3 R=0(0. 47 )=0 √√√√
√√√√

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