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#1. In creative writing, you will be making a lot of descriptions.
Descriptive details are necessary

to make your writing clear because they help generate a specific mood or emotion. They are called
images and sensory impressions. We commonly know these as imagery. Imagery is a form of
figurative/implied language that uses objects, actions, and ideas in such a way that it appeals to the
senses. It is usually associated with mental pictures or images formed in our minds. The types of
imagery are visual, auditory, olfactory, gustatory, and tactile. It is important to use imagery to evoke
moods/emotions through imagination. This can be established with images and sensory impressions.
There are five (5) basic types of imageries: Visual, Auditory, Olfactory, Gustatory, and Tactile.
Other references include kinesthetic and thermal; this module will target only the basic ones.
 Visual Imagery appeals to the sense of sight. It is something that is concrete and can be seen.
Example: It was dark and dim in the forest.
• Auditory Imagery appeals to the sense of hearing. It is something that you can hear through
your mind’s ears. Example: The pattering of the rain is heard against the windowpane.
• Olfactory Imagery appeals to the sense of smell. It is something that you can smell through
your mind’s nose. Example: The stench of body odor in a crowded LRT seeped through the fabric of my
shirt.
• Gustatory Imagery appeals to the sense of taste. It is something that you can taste through
your mind’s tongue. Example: Mouth-watering ripe mangoes, tender melons, and luscious cherries are
served on a tray.
• Tactile Imagery appeals to the sense of touch. It is something that you can touch through your
mind’s skin. Example: The soft velvety feel of silk and satin caressed my skin.
#2. Language learning has always been challenging. Aside from getting to express what you truly
mean; the words may not be too literal, and meanings may vary depending on how they are taken in
conversations and/or other exchanges.
Figures of speech enhance the author's creation. This is true of any genre and any form of
writing. The effective use of figures of speech brings to life what would have been mere words, phrases,
and sentences. They express the author's intent and take the reader on a journey through what he or
she experienced imagined or witnessed at a specific period or periods in time. It brings beauty,
emphasis, and clarity to what could have been just a mundane and impoverished rendition. They are the
palette from which the author works, and he or she might choose to enhance his or her creation by
applying the appropriate "colors" as it were, in his or her writing. A dab of metaphor here, a stroke of
personification there, what about a dramatic slash of simile or onomatopoeia there? All of these add
flavor to writing and make the experience of reading is so much more enjoyable. We can feel what the
author felt, we can see what he or she has seen, we empathize with him or her, and experience his or
her joy, frustration, pain and anger because we are effectively guided through the experience by
figures of speech - they are our map, our guide to better understand and appreciate what the author has
so unselfishly shared with us.
The table shows some examples of figures of speech, its definitions and examples:
Figure of Speech Definition Example

Simile A simile is a figure of speech in as dark as the night
which two things are directly
compared. We use the word like as cool as a cucumber
or as to make the comparison.
fought like cats and dogs
Metaphor Like similes, metaphors make She is now in the sunset of her
comparisons between two days.
dissimilar things, but they do so
indirectly without comparative She is a star in our family.
terms like ''like'' or ''as.''
Alliteration A figure of speech in which two Peter Piper picked a peck of
usually consecutive words begin pickled peppers.
with the same consonant sound
but not always the same letter. She sells sea shells on the sea
shore.
The words do not always have
to be right next to each other, Becky’s beagle barked and
but when you say or read them, bayed, which bothered Billy.
the sound is repeated.
Personification Personification is giving human The flowers nodded their heads
qualities to something that may cheerfully.
not be human, or even alive.
laughing flowers
howling wind smiling sun
opportunity knocking at the

door
shoe bite
Oxymoron An oxymoron brings two alone together
conflicting ideas together. We
use them to draw attention deafening silence
from the reader/listener.
bittersweet
Two words with apparently
contradictory meanings are living dead
combined to form a new word
that is more in conjunction.
Hyperbole Hyperbole means using I have told you a million times
exaggerated statements for not to get your shoes dirty.
effect. The media and politicians Jake’s mum always cooks
often use hyperbole to make enough food to feed an army.
their articles or speeches more
attention-grabbing or seem What have you got in this
more important, bigger, better, suitcase; it weighs a ton?
and more interesting.
Euphemism A euphemism is an indirect or Friendly fire (attack from allied
innocuous word or phrase used forces)
instead of something
considered unpleasant, harsh or He is telling us a tall story (a lie)
sensitive, or embarrassing. It is
often intended to amuse or Senior citizen (old person)
downplay something that the
speaker deems offensive or Staff restructure (making people
upsetting somehow. They may redundant)
be used to cover profanity or
sensitive subjects such as
gender, disability, and death in a
polite manner.
Litotes Litotes is an understatement, t’s hardly rocket science is it?
usually involving a hint of irony. (often said when a task is very
Instead of saying something simple)
simple or obvious, a phrase
contrary to the truth is used. The weather isn’t so good
today. (Said during a
thunderstorm)
She’s no spring chicken.

(meaning someone is not
young)
He’s not exactly a beggar. (He’s

financially solvent)
Pun Pun is a play on words as it is The chicken farmer's favorite
usually a jokey way of exploiting car is a coupe.
the fact that some words sound
alike or have more than one He’s been to see his dentist so
meaning or spelling. They rely many times now that he knows
heavily on homophones and the drill.
homonyms to work.
I’ve forgotten where my wife
said we were going, don’t
worry, Alaska.

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#1. In creative writing, you will be making a lot of descriptions.

Descriptive details are necessary

Figure of Speech Definition Example

howling wind smiling sun

opportunity knocking at the

She’s no spring chicken.

He’s not exactly a beggar. (He’s

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