Third Republic of The Philippines - Laws and Rules

During the Third Republic of the Philippines (1946-1972), several important laws and
rules were established to govern various aspects of the country.
1. Constitution of the Philippines (1943 and 1947)

- The Constitution of 1943 was enacted during the Japanese occupation but was not fully
effective during the Third Republic. The Constitution of 1947, also known as the "Constitution of
the Republic of the Philippines," became effective upon independence.
- It established a presidential system of government and defined the rights and responsibilities
of citizens.
2. Bell Trade Act (1946)

- This act set the framework for economic relations between the Philippines and the United
States.
- It established trade policies and provisions for Philippine exports to the US.:
3. Agrarian Reform Code (Republic Act No. 1199, 1954)

- This law aimed to promote social justice by providing for the expropriation of large estates
and their distribution to landless farmers.
- It sought to alleviate rural poverty and promote agricultural development.
4. Civil Code of the Philippines (Republic Act No. 386, 1950)

- This code codified civil laws, regulating personal and family relationships, property,
contracts, and more.
- It provided a comprehensive legal framework for civil matters in the Philippines.
5. Anti-Communism Act (Republic Act No. 1700, 1957)

- This law criminalized membership in the Communist Party of the Philippines and related
activities.
- It aimed to suppress communist insurgency in the country.
6. Presidential Decree No. 27 (1972)

- While the Third Republic officially ended in 1972 with the declaration of Martial Law, this
presidential decree, issued during the Third Republic period, mandated land reform and the
redistribution of land to tenant-farmers.
- It marked a significant step toward addressing landlessness in rural areas.
7. R.A. No. 265 – Anti-Dummy Law (1948)

- This law aimed to prevent foreigners from controlling or influencing businesses and
properties in the Philippines through the use of dummies.
- It restricted foreign ownership of certain industries and properties.
8. R.A. No. 1400 – Judiciary Reorganization Act of 1975 (1955)

- This law reorganized the judiciary system, established lower courts, and defined their
jurisdiction.
- It aimed to streamline the judicial process and improve the administration of justice.
9. R.A. No. 1477 – Retail Trade Nationalization Act (1956)

- This act aimed to reserve retail trade and certain businesses for Filipino citizens.
- It restricted foreign ownership and control of retail establishments in the Philippines.
10. R.A. No. 1937 – Tariff and Customs Code of the Philippines (1957)
- This code provided a comprehensive framework for customs duties, taxes, and
import/export regulations.
- It aimed to promote fair trade practices and generate revenue for the government.
11. R.A. No. 2067 – Anti-Subversion Act (1957)

- This act declared the Communist Party of the Philippines and its armed units as illegal and
criminal organizations.
- It aimed to curb the spread of communism and insurgency in the country.
12. R.A. No. 3844 – Agricultural Land Reform Code (1963)

- This comprehensive law aimed to address landlessness by instituting an agricultural land
reform program.
- It provided for the distribution of land to qualified tenant-farmers and regulated the
relationships between landowners and farmers.
Summary
The establishment of The Third Republic of the Philippines enacted the redefining of the
Constitution; as well as laws and rules that aimed to give our early economy structure and
further development.
“The Constitution of 1943 was enacted during the Japanese occupation but was not fully
effective during the Third Republic. The Constitution of 1947, also known as the "Constitution of
the Republic of the Philippines," became effective upon independence”. This has paved the way
of a presidential system and along with it the definition of the rights and responsibilities of the
citizens. The Agrarian Reform Code (Republic Act No. 1199, 1954) was also put in place to
promote the agricultural development and the welfare of landless farmers. It has also sought the
expropriation of estates for these same farmers. R.A. No. 1937 – Tariff and Customs Code of
the Philippines provided a law that would regulate the importation and exportation of agricultural
and other materials manufactured in the Philippines. This also generated revenue to support
government funded activities and infrastructure
The coming of The Third Republic of the Philippines saw the creation of laws and rules that
were aimed to establish firm government, rights of every citizen, protection and development of
the economy especially in the agricultural aspect.
Sources:
[Official Gazette of the Philippines](http://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/1957/06/22/republic-act-no-

2067/)
[Official Gazette of the Philippines](http://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/1957/06/22/republic-act-
no-2067/)
1937/)
1477/)
265/)
1400/)
[Official Gazette of the Philippines](http://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/1972/10/21/presidential-
decree-no-27/)
[Library of Congress](https://www.loc.gov/law/help/statutes-at-large/79th-congress/session-2/
c79s2ch446.pdf)
1700/)
386/)
1199/)
[Official Gazette of the Philippines](http://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/constitutions/)

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During the Third Republic of the Philippines (1946-1972), several important laws and

rules were established to govern various aspects of the country.

1. Constitution of the Philippines (1943 and 1947)

2. Bell Trade Act (1946)

3. Agrarian Reform Code (Republic Act No. 1199, 1954)

4. Civil Code of the Philippines (Republic Act No. 386, 1950)

5. Anti-Communism Act (Republic Act No. 1700, 1957)

6. Presidential Decree No. 27 (1972)

7. R.A. No. 265 – Anti-Dummy Law (1948)

8. R.A. No. 1400 – Judiciary Reorganization Act of 1975 (1955)

9. R.A. No. 1477 – Retail Trade Nationalization Act (1956)

11. R.A. No. 2067 – Anti-Subversion Act (1957)

12. R.A. No. 3844 – Agricultural Land Reform Code (1963)

[Official Gazette of the Philippines](http://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/1957/06/22/republic-act-no-

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