Cover - 400

I.
ABSTRACT
Hospitals are one of the most significant buildings in our society – it is where people
are treated and thus, it continuously evolves to meet the needs of the community. In the
crowds’ perspective, lot of individuals don’t have a very enjoyable experience while
staying in the hospital. We could see narrow and dimly lit hallways, different smells
mixing in the air, harsh fluorescent lights, and sometimes windowless shared rooms.
According to a Dutch architectural historian, many hospitals are totally unfit for the
purpose they have been designed for. They are hardly ever functional, and instead of
making patients feel at home, they produce stress and anxiety.
These problems are what we are focusing on in our project. It was long believed that
increased access to sunlight, improving the ventilation and wide window spaces can
improve their health and well-being. And since it is an Emergency and Maternity
Hospital where most of the patients are children and pregnant women, we would like to
propose a building that would leave an impression of homeliness and relief for the
patients. In addition to this, our building would be a green architecture inspired (refer to
appendix A) to promote in lessening the negative impacts of such buildings to our
environment at the same time improving the health of our patients.
Nowadays, modern hospitals are full of equipment that may be one of the factors
that would affect the building design. In our initial diagram, (refer to appendix B), you
can see the different spaces required in a two-story hospital building. The spaces were
arranged according to their zones and by using the guidelines in planning and design of
a hospital. The site is located in Burabod, Sta. Margarita, Samar, along diversion road
and surrounded by many trees (see appendix C).
PAGE | 1
A PROPOSED 50 BED EMERGENCY
& MATERNITY HOSPITAL
II. SPACE REQUIREMENTS
A. OUTER ZONE
Lobby - The hospital lobby makes the first impression on the user/patient when he enters
the building, so it can interfere positively or negatively on the impression of the people.
Also, a carefully considered entry zone can put patients at ease while sending a powerful
branding message for your healthcare client.
Photo: Interior Elevation and Plan for Hospital Lobby, Giovanni Castillo
Photo: Measurement of positions of spaces inside & outside the building
PAGE | 2
Reception Counter - Welcoming patients, pharmaceutical representatives and vendors on
the telephone and in-person visitors and answering patient inquiries. Scheduling
appointments for patients. Maintaining records and accounts of patients. Assisting
patients in filling in medical forms.
Source: stonecontact.com Source: cn.dreamstime.com
Lounge – near main entrance & reception. Must be easily accessed by the public.
Source: developyourcity.com Source: kwalu.com
Emergency Room – has a separate entrance parallel to the road.
Design Considerations:
 Privacy. Even while handling a large influx of people, emergency rooms still must
respect patient’s confidentiality and privacy.
 Varied needs. Emergency rooms experience high patient turnover, and each patient
requires different individual care.
 Visitors and family members. Amidst all the activity in ER’s, there are often anxious
family members and visitors who need a place to wait for their loved ones.
PAGE | 3
 Infection control. It is crucial that emergency departments are sanitary spaces that are
easy to clean and maintain.
The reception desk:
1. First point contact with patients
2. Angled surfaces can prevent someone from climbing over desks, and a safety glass
screen can also slow down an attempted attack.
3. no blind corners or nooks where someone could potentially ambush a staff member or
patient.
 Clear entrance and exits for patients, strategically placed delayed egress cross corridor
doors at patient care areas should be considered for larger emergency departments.
Delayed egress allows staff and patients to gain the time needed to respond to threats by
prolonging the amount of time it takes for a threat to move between areas.
Source: pinterest.com Photo: ER Waiting Room Design
Photo: Efficient Emergency Department Designs
PAGE | 4
Source: annalsofglobalhealth.org
Public Toilets – must meet the requirements in BP 344. Separate toilet for male, female
& persons with disability or that can accommodate a wheelchair.
 Place a restroom near the waiting room.
 Separate toilet facilities for patients and staff, if possible. Patient facilities should be
designed to accommodate wheelchair patients. If the department serves small children,
seat adaptors with footrests should be provided.
Photo: PWD Public Toilet Requirements
PAGE | 5
Concessionaire – Restaurants & Coffee Shop, accessible to public areas.
Source: hfmmagazine.com
Photo: Open & bright cafeteria to bring patients, physicians, and the community together
Multifaith Space/Prayer Room – located at the first floor adjacent to ICU waiting
area. Prayer areas in hospitals that previously may have catered to only certain faiths
have even been modified to allow for all faiths to comfortably practice. A combination of
open space, prayer rugs, pillows, and chairs can accommodate different forms of
meditation and prayer.
Source: studiobinteriordesign.com Source: alamy.com
PAGE | 6
Basketball Court – must be accessible by the public and must be used only for
recreational activities.
Photo: Hospital Hill Basketball Court, Kansas City
Garden – healing gardens are most often applied to green spaces in hospitals and
other healthcare facilities that specifically aim to improve health outcomes. These
gardens provide a place of refuge and promote healing in patients, families, and staff.
Source: forbes.com Source: planterra.com
It was believed that pollen and plant debris are not always conducive to a sterile
environment however, medical professionals have found that having gardens
could improve the mental wellness of their patient.
B. SECOND ZONE
PAGE | 7
Medical Laboratory – includes a Lobby, Reception Counter, Specimen Extraction
Room, Laboratory Area, X-ray/ Radiology, and the Office of Pathologist.
Photo: Laboratory Design Source: labmanager.com
Common Laboratory Equipment:
Microscope Blood Gas Analyzers

Autoclaves
280mm
400mm
m
0 m
40
Hematology Analyzers Hotplate Urinalysis Analyzers
Histology & Cytology Equipment Incubator Immunoassay Analyzer
PAGE | 8
Photo: Specimen Extraction Room Photo: Flow o
 The Ancillary Zone for diagnostic services, namely the Clinical Laboratory and
Medical X-ray Facility, shall also be planned contiguous or adjacent to one another.
Appropriate waiting areas for these rooms should be provided.
ble / bed, exclusive of anteroom and toilet (if any). Room arrangement should permit of at least 850 mm clearance at the side and
PAGE | 9
Photo: X-ray/ Radiology Room
Pharmacy- near treatment and emergency room
macist only, one room is required for pharmacy, having a combination of dispensing, manufacturing, administrative and all other
e a separate room or area.
e beds, departmentalization of pharmacy activities is required.
atient services and unit dose dispensing.
Cashier & Accounting Office – must be near customer service area & pharmacy.
PAGE | 10
Source: lifebridgehealth.org Source: cn.dreamstime.com
PhilHealth Office – near cashier and administration office, must have a counter &
waiting area.
Medical Records Room – must include waiting area for 5-10 persons.
Photo: Waiting Area Source: bangkokpost.com
Where the medical history of a patient is stored.

Space demand (Total Minimum Space Requirement): 68.00 sqm
Administrator’s Office – Near social service department, hospital and medical
director’s office and other offices. Must have a conference room that can be used by
the adjacent offices and a separate toilet.
Photo: Administrative Workplaces in Photo: Hospital Conference Room by RB

Health Care Cameron, CGarchitect
PAGE | 11
Staff Areas Offices or workstations will be required for routine clerical/
administrative procedures, located in the staff accessed areas. Offices for the
Manager/ Supervisors should be in a staff accessible area away from the operational
areas within the Unit; visitors to offices should not transit through laboratory areas.
The provision of offices will depend upon the size of the Unit. An area for storage of
stationery and files should be provided. Access to a Meeting Room will be required
for staff meetings and training purposes, which may be shared with an adjacent Unit.
File Storage Toilet
Hospital Administrator’s Meeting/ Conference Room

Office
Administration
Dental Clinic – Provide at least 8.63 square meters per dental unit that includes space
for one (1) dental chair, space for movement of person, and space for passage of
equipment.
Dental Clinic Design Major Considerations
 Operational workflow
 Occupational safety and Health
 Infection control
 Ergonomics
 Barrier Free Access
 Comfort
PAGE | 12
Zoning
 Clinical area-dental surgeries, sterilization room, x-ray room, recovery room
 Supportive area-reception office, waiting area, server room, plant room, pantry,
toilets.
Dental Surgery
 Optimize size for ergonomics, OSH, and infection control.
 Simplified cabinets to minimized contacts.
 Zoning should be clearly delineated.
 1 meter space from the patient’s mouth to the bench top to avoid splatter
contamination.
Source: dentist-manila.com Photo: Wara Hospital Pediatric Dental Clinic
C. INNER ZONE
Hospital Ward
3.66M
3.96M
AREA:
AT LEAST 14.86 SQM
Patient Room
eeds of the functional program and have at least 3.66 meters wide by 3.96 meters long or approximately 14.86 square meters ex
PAGE | 13
A= >9.29sqm A= >9.29sqm A= >9.29sqm A= >9.29sqm
xclusive of toilet rooms, closets, lockers, wardrobes, alcoves, or vestibules. These spaces should accommodate comfortable furni
8ft
4ft
A= 75sq ft
o center distance between beds. 8 ft Edge to edge distance between beds. Service corridor between bed rows must be at least 4 ft
Photo: Chapman Taylor’s Hospital Ward Renovation Design for Mahidol

University’s Golden Jubilee Medical Center
PAGE | 14
Toilet Rooms
 Each patient shall have access to a toilet room without having to enter a general
corridor area.
 One toilet room shall serve no more than two patient rooms and no more than four
beds.
 The toilet room shall contain a water closet and a hand-washing station. Toilet room
doors shall swing outward or be double acting.
 The bathrooms in the patient rooms had the following features: externally opening
doors with handles at a height of 110cm, skidproof floors, no raised edges in the
shower area, external light switch at a height of 90cm, reachable emergency alarm
for patient fallen near the toilet, and shelves (at 120cm) and coat hooks (at 160cm).
Some of the bathrooms had handrails, mostly in the shower and toilet areas.
Source: facilitiesnet.com
Photo: PWD Room Toilet & Bath Requirements
PAGE | 15
Private & Semi- Private Rooms
 The international building code (2018) states that each new patient sleeping room
must be at least 120 square feet (11.15 m2) for private rooms and 100 square feet
(9.29 m2) for double occupancy rooms, exclusive of the toilet room, permanently
attached or built-in closets, lockers, or wardrobes.
 In semi-private rooms, to improve both acoustic and visual privacy, sleeping areas
must be divided from one another by a wall or barrier.
 There must always be a clear line of sight from every bed to an exterior window.
Additionally, each patient will have access to a bathroom without going through the
main corridor.
 Doors for bathroom shall be side hinged and swing out from the toilet room and have
at least 32 inches (813 mm) wide clear opening.
Breast Feeding/ Lactation Room
Source: wellnessrooms.com Source: SBU News -Stony Brook
Observation Room – In general, observation units are used to bridge the gap between
inpatient and outpatient. They are designed for the patient in which the attending
physician cannot determine whether a patient should be classified as outpatient
(released within 48 hours) or inpatient (expected to stay at least 2 midnights).
PAGE | 16
Photo: Hospital Observation Room
Photo: Observation Units can relieve the Emergency Department’s burden
D. DEEP ZONE
Operating Room
Source: link.springer.com
The reception serves as the control check point and should therefore ensure the
PAGE | 17
security of the entire Unit through access control.
Waiting areas with access to amenities should be provided for family groups
waiting for patients in surgery. The waiting area should be located to avoid conflict
with patient traffic entering the Operating Unit.
 An Interview room should be available for discussions with patients and family
members.
 Staff Station and write up bay.
 Clean and dirty utilities
 Locate scrub sink/area within proximity to main OR entry.
 Anesthetic Induction Room/Area
- The Anesthetic room may be used for administration of local and spinal anesthetics,
patient monitoring, or patient preparation prior to the procedure. General anesthetics
and sedations are typically administered in the operating room. Therefore, Anesthetic
induction rooms are optional and may be replaced with preparation bays or holding
bays, depending on the operational policy of the facility.
 Operating Rooms, general, digital, specialty, hybrid imaging
 Exit Bays
Room Size of an Operating Room
The Facility Guidelines Institute recommends a minimum inpatient operating room
size of 400 square feet or more in its 2014 Operating Room Requirements
Guidelines. It is advised that operating rooms should be at least 600 square feet in
size and be built for specialist operations, which typically require more staff.
Small OR 400 sq ft
Standard OR 500 sq ft
Orthopedic OR 600 sq ft
PAGE | 18
Cardiac OR 600 sq ft
Neurological OR 600 sq ft
Hybrid OR 650 sq ft (Plus
120 sq ft
separate control
room)
Transplant OR 800 sq ft
Operation Room is divided into 4 zones:
Protective - Change rooms for all medical and

zone paramedical staff with conveniences
- Transfer bay for patient, material &
equipment
- Rooms for administrative staff
- Stores & records
- Pre & post-operative rooms
- I.C.U. and P.A.C.U.
- Sterile stores
Clean zone Connects protective zone to aseptic zone
and has other areas also like
- Stores & cleaner room
- Equipment storeroom
- Maintenance workshop
- Kitchenette (pantry)
- Firefighting device room
- Emergency exits
- Service room for staff
- Close circuit TV control area
Aseptic zone Includes operation rooms (sterile)
Disposal Disposal areas from each OR & corridor
zone lead to disposal zone
Supporting Areas for Operating Room
 Bays for linen, mobile equipment
PAGE | 19
 Blood store
 Cleaners’ room/s
 Clean-up rooms
 Flash sterilizer
 Pathology area for frozen sections
 Storerooms and storage areas for:
 Anesthetic supplies
 Drugs
 Equipment, including mobile items, table accessories, loan equipment.
 Perfusion equipment and supplies (if cardiac surgery is undertaken)
 Sterile stock and non-sterile stock
Note: The Operating Unit requires close relationships with the following areas,
particularly for urgent cases:
EMERGENCY UNIT > INTENSIVE CARE UNIT > BIRTHING
CONTROL UNIT FOR CAESAREAN SECTION PROCEDURE
PAGE | 20
Source: slideshare.net Photo: Lamaze International OR for C- Section
Recovery Room
- Recovery Areas where patients are assisted through the process of recovering from
the effects of anesthetic including:
 Patient bed bays, open and enclosed for Isolation
 Bays for blanket warmer, linen, handwashing
 Clean and Dirty Utilities
 Store for consumable items and equipment
Photo: Recovery Room with huge window for

ventilation
Photo: Hospital Recovery Room
PAGE | 21
LDR (Labor, Delivery, Recovery Department)
Photo: Model LDR on Best Practices for Non- Medical Pain Relief Clear Floor Area approx.
360sq. ft. not to scale
In labor room, a nurse will monitor your labor and your baby's heart rate, either once
per hour or continuously. If you get an epidural, an anesthesiologist will go through
that process with you and administer the epidural in the room.
 In a 1st labor, the time from the start of established labor to being fully dilated is
usually 8 to 12 hours.
The delivery service shall be located, and Postpartum Unit arranged to prevent non-
related traffic. The delivery room shall be as remote as practicable from the entrance
to provide asepsis.
The main parts of a labor and delivery room are:
o Hospital bed
o IV pole
o Fetal monitor
o Infant warmer
o Bathroom and shower
o Partner chair
PAGE | 22
Photo: Labor Room SPC Medical Center
Photo: Labor Room Photo: Labor and Delivery Room
Nursery with viewing area – near lactation room
Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICUs) provide care for babies who need special
treatment for critical illnesses in the first few weeks and months of life. Special Care
Nurseries (SCNs) look after premature babies, babies who have a low birth weight or
need care for neonatal health issues.
Photo: Hospital Nursery
Photo: Babies in bassinet near viewing area

Photo: Nursery and work room
PAGE | 23
Photo: Isometric of Nursery
Source: adobestock.com
ICU – Intensive Care Unit
 The ICU should be sited near relevant acute areas, that is, operating rooms,
emergency department, CCU, labor ward and acute wards, and to investigational
departments (e.g., radiology department, cardiac catheterization laboratory).
 Safe transport of critically ill patients to and from the ICU should be facilitated by
enough lifts and these, with doors and corridors, should be spacious enough to allow
easy passage of beds and equipment – vital points often ignored by ‘planning
experts.
 There should be a single entry and exit point, attended by the unit receptionist.
Through traffic of goods or people to other hospital areas must never be allowed.
 An ICU should have areas and rooms for public reception, patient management, and
support services.
 The whole unit should be 2.5–3 times the area of the specific patient care areas.
Photo: Common ICU Set-up PAGE | 24

Photo: Floor Plan ICU Room where stationary & dosimeter sound measurements
were collected
Photo: ICU Model Design Photo: ICU, Parkway East Hospital, Singapore
PAGE | 25
E. SERVICE ZONE
Photo: ICU Unit, Koc University Medical Sciences Campus, designed by Kreatif Architects
E. SERVICE ZONE
Dietary Department – includes office of the dietitian, main kitchen, patient’s food
service area, food storage area, canteen.
Photo: Floor Plan of Dietary Department (Kitchen, Storage area, Dishwashing,

Special Diets, Serving, Helps Dining-2 seating, Staff & Nurses’ Dining- 2
Photo: Buffalo General Hospital Dietary Kitchen
Photo: Albert B. Chandler Hospital Food Services Photo: Patient’s Food service PAGE | 26
ADepartment
PROPOSED 50 BED EMERGENCY
Support and Utility Areas
The Support Services Area(s) shall be composed of the following spaces:
 Waste Holding Room/Area, for temporary and sanitary storage of segregated waste
which includes infectious waste such as contaminated sharps and needles and non-
infectious waste or general waste.
 Janitor's Closet, with slop sink and housekeeping cabinet.
 Designated Sputum Collection Area (for government owned PCFs).
Support Service areas shall be planned in such a way that they are accessible to both
clients and staff but concealed from the direct view or zoned away from the rest of
the major areas of the PCF for aesthetic purposes. These rooms may be clustered in a
service zone or perhaps located at corridor ends.
A clean utility room is predominantly used for storage. Products kept in a clean
utility room will generally be needed for bedside procedures, so it's vital that they're
sterile and ready for use, as opposed to gathering dust or becoming contaminated by
other utensils.
Source: International Health Facility Guidelines Source: VA Criteria Integrated

Publishing
PAGE | 27
A sluice room (often referred to as a dirty utility room) is a closed room found in
healthcare facilities such as hospitals and nursing homes, that is specifically designed
for the disposal of human waste products and disinfection of associated items.
Photos: Sluice/ Dirty Utility Room
Central Sterile and Supply Department – responsible for preparing medical/ surgical
supplies and equipment so that they are sterile and ready for use in patient care.
Sterilization Room:
The central processing area should be divided into sections for:
1) receiving, cleaning, and decontamination.
2) preparation and packing.
3) sterilization; and
4) storage
PAGE | 28
Photo:Central Sterile supply
Department
Source: CSSD Technician Hub Source: Surgicare Europe
Laundry
Photo: Cross Contamination in Laundry
PAGE | 29
Source: International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR)
Source: behance.net
Motor Pool Section – responsible for providing ambulance services for patients;
transport services for employees with official activities or transactions and also
courier services. Must be near emergency entrance and main gate.
Source: Lung Center of the Philippines Source: San Fernando Hospital DOH Motorpool
Morgue – a facility for the viewing and/or identification of a body and the temporary
holding / storage of bodies prior to transfer to a Mortuary.
PAGE | 30
Source: Health Facilities Management Photo: Mortuary and its setup
Source: hfmmagazine.com Source: pinterest.com
F. STAFF AREA
Doctor’s Call Room – near emergency rooms and operating rooms.
Source: kevinmd.com Source: pinterest.com
Staff Lounge – accessible from all staff areas
PAGE | 31
Source: bdcnetwork.com Photo: Florida Hospital Zephyrhills
Physician Lounge
Nurse Stations – Near wards, Private Rooms and semi- private room.
Centralized Nurse Stations Decentralized Nurse
Stations
A centralized nurse A decentralized nurse
station is the central hub of station has no central hub.
the Unit. All workstations, Nurse stations are located
the unit assistant and most throughout the unit, outside
support equipment are each patient room and the
located here. unit assistant is typically
located near the entrance to
the unit.
 The nurse station shall be located to permit visual observation of patient movement.
The nursery shall be separate but immediately accessible from the delivery room.
 The nursing service shall be segregated from public areas. The nurse station shall be
located to permit visual observation of patients. Nurse stations shall be provided in
PAGE | 32
all inpatient units of the hospital with a ratio of at least one (1) nurse station for every
thirty-five (35) beds.
Recommended Nurse-to-Patient Ratios
Intensive/Critical Care 1:2
Neonatal Intensive Care 1:2
Operating Room 1:1
Post-anesthesia 1:2
Labor and Delivery 1:2
Antepartum 1:3
Labor & Delivery and Postpartum 1:3
Well Baby Nursery 1:6
Postpartum Couplets 1:3
Intermediate Care Nursery 1:4
Pediatrics 1:3
Emergency Room 1:3
Trauma Patient (ER) 1:1
ICU Patient (ER) 1:2
Step Down 1:3
Telemetry 1:3
Medical/Surgical 1:4
Coronary Care 1:2
Acute Respiratory Care 1:2
Burn Unit 1:2
Specialty Care Units 1:4
Psychiatric 1:4
Rehabilitation 1:5
PAGE | 33
Skilled Nursing Facility 1:5
Components
Nurses' stations shall be provided with a
cabinet, a desk, space for records, a
bulletin board, a telephone, a
specifically designated, lockable and
illuminated medicine storage
compartment, and a handwashing
fixture. If a separate medicine room is
provided, it shall have a lockable door
and a sink. This sink cannot replace the
required nurses' station handwashing
fixture.
Size
Nurses' stations serving 25 or less beds shall have a minimum floor area of 100
square feet (9.29 m2). Nurses' stations servicing more than 25 beds shall have a
minimum floor area of 125 square feet (11.6 m2). The minimum dimension of any
nurses' station shall not be less than 8 feet (2438 mm).
Distance
In free-standing skilled nursing and intermediate-care facilities, the distance between
the nurse’s station entrance and the center of the doorway of the most remote patient
bedroom shall not exceed 150 linear feet (45,720 mm).
Exception: The 150-foot (45,720 mm) limit does not apply to distinct part skilled
nursing and intermediate-care services provided as a separate unit in a general acute-
PAGE | 34
care hospital or acute psychiatric hospital.
Source: dreamstime.com
Source: Array Architects
Security Office
Photo: Jamaica Hospital Security Department
PAGE | 35
III. USER’S FLOW
PATIENT FLOW
PAGE | 36
HOSPITAL INFORMATION FLOW
MORTUARY SET-UP
PAGE | 37
HOSPITAL CATERING PROCESS
NURSE PROCESS IN OPERATION

ROOM
PAGE | 38
FLOW CHART IN HOSPITAL
MEDICAL WASTES
PAGE | 39
IV. SPECIFICATIONS
International Health Facility Guidelines for Doors
DOORS
1. Pressurized rooms such as Isolation rooms
2. Entry doors to Units that have restricted access such as:
 Operating Unit
 Pediatric Unit/s
 Sterile Supply Unit
 Catering Unit
 Mental Health Unit/s
1. Air locks, with or without air pressurization
2. Birthing Rooms
3. Clean and Dirty Utility Rooms
4. Disposal Rooms
Self-closing devices are discouraged to the following rooms:
 Offices
 Patient Bedrooms
 Bathrooms, Ensuites, Toilets, Showers
 Rooms used independently by people with disabilities
 Meeting Rooms and Interview Rooms.
1. If self-closing devices are fitted to Patient Bedroom doors, they should be mounted
on the public side of the door rather than the patient side.
PAGE | 40
2. Self-closing devices should be designed and installed to allow the door to open a full
90 degrees. The nib space required for the self-closer arm should be considered.
3. Self-closers used in double doors should be accompanied by suitable sequencer
hardware to allow the doors to be closed in the correct sequence. Self-closers that
duplicate the functionality of a hold open device may also be considered.
4. Self-closing devices required to fire and smoke doors should be installed according
to local Building Codes and Standards.
Door Grilles and Undercuts
Door grilles or undercuts may be required to facilitate air-conditioning systems, to
allow for return air or for balancing of air pressurization between rooms. Door grilles
or undercuts should be used in accordance with local authority building codes and
standards.
Door grilles or undercuts are not recommended in the following rooms or areas:
 Pressurized isolation rooms, negative or positive
 Rooms with radiation shielding.
 Rooms requiring acoustic privacy.
 Fire or smoke doors
Door grilles are not recommended in the following areas:
 Doors used by people in wheelchairs, due to potential damage.
 Doors in patient areas within a mental health unit, to avoid potential for self-harm.
 Doors in suites, Bathrooms, Toilets or Showers.
PAGE | 41
V. GUIDELINES IN THE PLANNING AND DESIGN OF A HOSPITAL AND
OTHER HEALTH FACILITIES
A hospital and other health facilities shall be planned and designed to observe
appropriate architectural practices, to meet prescribed functional programs, and to
conform to applicable codes as part of normal professional practice. References shall
be made to the following:
• P. D. 1096 – National Building Code of the Philippines and Its Implementing Rules
and Regulations
• P. D. 1185 – Fire Code of the Philippines and Its Implementing Rules and
Regulations
• P. D. 856 – Code on Sanitation of the Philippines and Its Implementing Rules and
Regulations
• B. P. 344 – Accessibility Law and Its Implementing Rules and Regulations
• R. A. 1378 – National Plumbing Code of the Philippines and Its Implementing
Rules and Regulations
• R. A. 184 – Philippine Electrical Code
• Manual on Technical Guidelines for Hospitals and Health Facilities Planning and
Design. Department of Health, Manila. 1994
• Signage Systems Manual for Hospitals and Offices. Department of Health, Manila.
1994
• Health Facilities Maintenance Manual. Department of Health, Manila. 1995
• Manual on Hospital Waste Management. Department of Health, Manila. 1997
• District Hospitals: Guidelines for Development. World Health Organization
Regional Publications, Western Pacific Series. 1992
PAGE | 42
• Guidelines for Construction and Equipment of Hospital and Medical Facilities.
American Institute of Architects, Committee on Architecture for Health. 1992
• De Chiara, Joseph. Time-Saver Standards for Building Types. McGraw-Hill Book
Company. 1980
2.OCCUPANCY
1. ENVIRONMENT
A building designed for other purpose shall not be converte
A hospital and other health facilities shall be so located that it is readily accessible to the community and
4.SECURITY
A hospital and other health facilities shall ensure the securit
3.SAFETY
Exits shall be restricted to the following types: door leading directly outside the building, interior stair, ramp, an
A hospital and other health facilities
shall provide and maintain a safe
environment for patients, personnel
and public. The building shall be of
such construction so that no hazards
A minimum of two (2) exits, remote from each other, shall be provided for each floor of the build
to the life and safety of patients,
personnel and public exist. It shall
be capable of withstanding weight
and elements to which they may be
subjected. Exits shall terminate directly at an open space to the outside of the building.
Corridors for access by patient and equipment shall have a minimum width of 2.44 meters.
5.PATIENT MOVEMENT
Spaces shall be wide enough for

free movement Corridors
of patients, whether
in areas not commonly used for bed, stretcher and equipment transport may be reduced in width to
they are on beds, stretchers, or
wheelchairs. Circulation routes for
transferring patients from one area
to another shall be always available
A ramp or elevator shall be provided for ancillary, clinical and nursing areas located on the upper fl
and free.
A ramp shall be provided as access to the entrance of the hospital not on the same level of the sit
PAGE | 43
6.LIGHTING 7.VENTILATION
All areas in a hospital and other health facilities shall be

Adequate provided shall
ventilation with sufficient
be providedillumination to promoo
to ensure comfort
9.WATER SUPPLY

shall use an approved public water
8.ADUITORY & VISUAL PRIVACY supply system whenever available.
The water supply shall be potable,
A hospital and other health facilities safe for drinking and adequate, and
shall observe acceptable sound level shall be brought into the building free
and adequate visual seclusion to of cross connections.
achieve the acoustical and privacy
requirements in designated areas
allowing the unhampered conduct of
activities.
11.SANITATION
Utilities for the maintenance of

sanitary system, including approved
10.WASTE DISPOSAL water supply and sewerage system,
shall be provided through the
Liquid waste shall be discharged into buildings and premises to ensure a
an approved public sewerage system clean and healthy environment.
whenever available, and solid waste
shall be collected, treated and
disposed of in accordance with
applicable codes, laws or ordinances.
13.MAINTENANCE
There shall be an effective building

maintenance program in place. The
buildings and equipment shall be
12.HOUSEKEEPING kept in a state of good repair. Proper
maintenance shall be provided to
prevent untimely breakdown of
shall provide and maintain a healthy
buildings and equipment.
and aesthetic environment for
patients, personnel and public.
PAGE | 44
15.SEGREGATION
Wards shall observe segregation of sexes. Separate toilet

14.MATERIAL SPECIFICATION
Floors, walls and ceilings shall be of sturdy materials that shall allow durability, ease of cleaning and fire
17. SIGNAGE
16.FIRE PROTECTION
There shall be an effective graphic system composed of
There shall be measures for detecting fire such as fire alarms in walls, peepholes in doors or smoke detec
18.PARKING
Outer Zone – areas that are immediately accessible to the public: emergency service, outpatient service, and administrative service. They
A hospital and other health facilities shall provide a minimum of one (1) parking space for every twenty-
Second Zone – areas that receive workload from the outer zone: laboratory, pharmacy, and radiology. They shall be
19. ZONING
Inner Zone – areas that provide nursing care and management of patients: nursing service. They shall be in private a
The different areas of a hospital
shall be grouped according to zones
as follows:
one – areas that require asepsis to perform the prescribed services: surgical service, delivery service, nursery, and intensive care. They shall be segregated
Service Zone – areas that provide support to hospital activities: dietary service, housekeeping service, maintenance and motor pool service, and mortu
PAGE | 45
The emergency service shall be located in the ground floor to ensure immediate access. A separate entrance to the emerg
20.FUNCTION
The administrative service, particularly admitting office and business office, shall be located near the main entrance of the hospital. Offices for h
The different areas of a hospital

shall be functionally related with
each other.
d traffic. The operating room shall be as remote as practicable from the entrance to provide asepsis. The dressing room shall be located to avoid exposure
emote as practicable from the entrance to provide asepsis. The dressing room shall be located to avoid exposure to dirty areas after changing to surgical g
al observation of patients. Nurse stations shall be provided in all inpatient units of the hospital with a ratio of at least one (1) nurse station for every thirty-
21.SPACE
Adequate area shall be provided for

the people, activity, furniture,
equipment, and utility.
The dietary service shall be away from morgue with at least 25-meter distance.
Space Area in Square Meters

Administrative Service
PAGE | 46
Lobby
Waiting Area 0.65/person
Information and Reception Area 5.02/staff
Toilet 1.67
Business Office 5.02/staff
Medical Records 5.02/staff
Office of the Chief of Hospital 5.02/staff
Laundry and Linen Area 5.02/staff
Maintenance and Housekeeping Area 5.02/staff
Parking Area for Transport Vehicle 9.29
Waste Holding Room 4.65
Dietary Dietitian Area 5.02/staff
Supply Receiving Area 4.65
Cold and Dry Storage Area 4.65
Food Preparation Area 4.65
Cooking and Baking Area 4.65
Serving and Food Assembly Area 4.65
Washing Area 4.65
Garbage Disposal Area 1.67
Dining Area 1.40/person
Toilet 1.67
Cadaver Holding Room 7.43/bed
Clinical Service 0.65/person
Emergency Room
Waiting Area
Toilet 1.67
Nurse Station 5.02/staff
Examination and Treatment Area with Lavatory/Sink 7.43/bed
Observation Area 7.43/bed
Equipment and Supply Storage Area 4.65
Wheeled Stretcher Area 1.08/stretcher
Outpatient Department Waiting Area 0.65/person
Toilet 1.67
Admitting and Records Area 5.02/staff
Examination and Treatment Area with Lavatory/Sink 7.43/bed
Consultation Area 5.02/staff
Surgical and Obstetrical Service Major Operating Room 33.45
Delivery Room 33.45
Sub-sterilizing Area 4.65
Sterile Instrument, Supply and Storage Area 4.65
Scrub-up Area 4.65
Clean-up Area 4.65
Dressing Room 2.32
Toilet 1.67
PAGE | 47
Wheeled Stretcher Area 1.08/stretcher
Janitor’s Closet 3.90
Nursing Unit Semi-Private Room with Toilet 7.43/bed
Patient Room 7.43/bed
Toilet 1.67
Isolation Room with Toilet 9.29
Treatment and Medication Area with Lavatory/Sink 7.43/bed
Central Sterilizing and Supply Room Receiving and 5.02/staff
Releasing Area
Work Area 5.02/staff
Sterilizing Room 4.65
Sterile Supply Storage Area 4.65
Nursing Service
Office of the Chief Nurse 5.02/staff
Ancillary Service
Primary Clinical Laboratory
Clinical Work Area with Lavatory/Sink 10.00
Pathologist Area 5.02/staff
Toilet 1.67
Radiology
X – Ray Room with Control Booth, Dressing Area, and 14.00
Toilet
Dark Room 4.65
Film File and Storage Area 4.65
Radiologist Area 5.02/staff
Pharmacy 15.00
Notes:
1. 0.65/person – Unit area per person occupying the space at one time
2. 5.02/staff – Work area per staff that includes space for one (1) desk and one
(1) chair, space for occasional visitor, and space for aisle
3. 1.40/person – Unit area per person occupying the space at one time
4. 7.43/bed – Clear floor area per bed that includes space for one (1) bed,
space for occasional visitor, and space for passage of equipment
5. 1.08/stretcher – Clear floor area per stretcher that includes space for one (1)
stretcher
PD 1185 - FIRECODE OF THE PHILIPPINES AND ITS IRR
Access to exit
PAGE | 48
o Any room intended as exit access and an exit shall not exceed 30 meters.
30m
Fire
Exit
o Between any point in a room and an exit shall not exceed 46 meters.
Fire <46
Exit m
o Any point in a healthcare sleeping room/ suite and exit access door of that room or suite
shall not exceed 15 meters. <15m

Fire
Exit
o Health care sleeping room shall have an exit access leading directly to a corridor which
lead to the exit.
Access to
Fire Exit
o Aisle, corridor and ramps required for exit access shall be at least 244cm in clear and
unobstructed width
2.44m
Aisle corridor for Ramp for exit

2.44m
exit
PAGE | 49
o Any room more than 93sqm shall have at least 2 exit access doors.
To Fire
Exit
A=93sqm
To Fire To
Exit Entrance
Doors
o No locks on patient sleeping room doors
o 112 cm exit doors for x-ray, surgery, and physical therapy rooms
o Single door may be used as a horizontal exit it serves one direction.
Exit
o 2.80sqm per occupant in a hospital shall be provided on each side of the horizontal exit for
the total number of occupants in adjoining compartments.
Access Hallway
To Exit
PAGE | 50
VI. BIBLIOGRAPHY
Adverse effects of contact Isolation. (2012). Retrieved on September 25, 2022, via
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5333238/
Dr A PRAKASH Sr. Professor, Health Management National Academy of Indian
Railways. Principles of Hospital Design.
Designing an Ideal Operating Room: Indian Journal of Anesthesia Anesthesia Zone.
Retrieved on September 25, 2022 via www.clemson.edu
Narendra Malhotra. Obstetrician Agra. Ideal C- Section OT/ OR Setup.
www.rainbowhospitals.org
Hospital Design Considerations. Retrieved on September 25, 2022, via linkedin.com
Cleveland Clinic. (2022). Hospitals: Phobic Disorders of Patients.
https://my.clevelandclinic.org/
Ar. Engr. Akadir Dahir Allahi. (May 17, 2015). Architecture II: Hospital Design.
Somali Republic Benadir University. Retrieved on September 25, 2022, via
https://www.slideshare.net/
PAGE | 51
VII. APPENDICES
Appendix A: Design Inspirations
Photo: General Hospital in New Mansoura City
Photo: Proposed Accessible Gardens in a Hospital in India
Photo: Interior gardens, green architecture
PAGE | 52
Appendix A Continuation
Photo: Screenshot of Woman and Infant Center, Alabama via Google Earth
PAGE | 53
Appendix A Continuation
Photo: Hospital Gardens
Photo: Example of a Maternity Hospital Floor Plan
PAGE | 54
Appendix B Initial Diagram/ Space Requirements
Fire Exit
Administration
Offices
Services Department Conference Room
Dietary Records Room
Utility Room
Supply Room
Maintenance
Morgue Lobby Main
Reception Entrance
Cashier
Motor pool Medical Laboratory

Examination Room
PCR Laboratory Emergency
X-ray/ Radiology Emergency
Pediatrics
Pathologist Office Entrance
Obstetrics
Gynecology
General
Rehydration
Fire Exit
Labor room
Delivery
AccessibleGarden
OR/ OT
Recovery room
ICU
Wards
PAGE | 55
Appendix C: Site Pictures
Appendix D: Master Plan
PAGE | 56
Appendix D: Master Plan (Drafr)
PAGE | 57
Appendix E: St. Camillus Hospital Fire Exit Map
PAGE | 58

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I.

making patients feel at home, they produce stress and anxiety.

appendix A) to promote in lessening the negative impacts of such buildings to our

environment at the same time improving the health of our patients.

and surrounded by many trees (see appendix C).

branding message for your healthcare client.

Photo: Measurement of positions of spaces inside & outside the building

appointments for patients. Maintaining records and accounts of patients. Assisting

patients in filling in medical forms.

Source: stonecontact.com Source: cn.dreamstime.com

Source: developyourcity.com Source: kwalu.com

Emergency Room – has a separate entrance parallel to the road.

respect patient’s confidentiality and privacy.

requires different individual care.

easy to clean and maintain.

The reception desk:

1. First point contact with patients

screen can also slow down an attempted attack.

Source: pinterest.com Photo: ER Waiting Room Design

Photo: Efficient Emergency Department Designs

& persons with disability or that can accommodate a wheelchair.

 Place a restroom near the waiting room.

designed to accommodate wheelchair patients. If the department serves small children,

seat adaptors with footrests should be provided.

Photo: PWD Public Toilet Requirements

meditation and prayer.

Source: studiobinteriordesign.com Source: alamy.com

Photo: Hospital Hill Basketball Court, Kansas City

Source: forbes.com Source: planterra.com

environment however, medical professionals have found that having gardens

could improve the mental wellness of their patient.

Room, Laboratory Area, X-ray/ Radiology, and the Office of Pathologist.

Photo: Laboratory Design Source: labmanager.com

Common Laboratory Equipment:

Microscope Blood Gas Analyzers

Hematology Analyzers Hotplate Urinalysis Analyzers

Histology & Cytology Equipment Incubator Immunoassay Analyzer

Appropriate waiting areas for these rooms should be provided.

Photo: Waiting Area Source: bangkokpost.com

Where the medical history of a patient is stored.

Administrator’s Office – Near social service department, hospital and medical

the adjacent offices and a separate toilet.

Photo: Administrative Workplaces in Photo: Hospital Conference Room by RB

File Storage Toilet

Hospital Administrator’s Meeting/ Conference Room

Dental Clinic Design Major Considerations

 Occupational safety and Health

 Barrier Free Access

 Clinical area-dental surgeries, sterilization room, x-ray room, recovery room

 Optimize size for ergonomics, OSH, and infection control.

 Simplified cabinets to minimized contacts.

 Zoning should be clearly delineated.

Source: dentist-manila.com Photo: Wara Hospital Pediatric Dental Clinic

Photo: Chapman Taylor’s Hospital Ward Renovation Design for Mahidol

doors shall swing outward or be double acting.

Photo: PWD Room Toilet & Bath Requirements

attached or built-in closets, lockers, or wardrobes.

must be divided from one another by a wall or barrier.

at least 32 inches (813 mm) wide clear opening.