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    Fibonacci Sequence and The Golden Ratio

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    The document discusses the Fibonacci sequence and its connection to the golden ratio. It begins by introducing Leonardo Fibonacci, the Italian mathematician who developed the Fibonacci sequence. It then defines the Fibonacci sequence as a sequence where each term is the sum of the two preceding terms, starting with 0 and 1. The document also presents Binet's formula, which allows calculating Fibonacci numbers without needing preceding terms. Additionally, it discusses how the ratios of consecutive Fibonacci numbers approach the golden ratio, and how the golden ratio is related to the Fibonacci sequence and appears throughout nature.

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    Fibonacci Sequence and The Golden Ratio

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    15 views19 pages
    The document discusses the Fibonacci sequence and its connection to the golden ratio. It begins by introducing Leonardo Fibonacci, the Italian mathematician who developed the Fibonacci sequence. It then defines the Fibonacci sequence as a sequence where each term is the sum of the two preceding terms, starting with 0 and 1. The document also presents Binet's formula, which allows calculating Fibonacci numbers without needing preceding terms. Additionally, it discusses how the ratios of consecutive Fibonacci numbers approach the golden ratio, and how the golden ratio is related to the Fibonacci sequence and appears throughout nature.

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    Fibonacci Sequence and the Golden Ratio (1)

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    The document discusses the Fibonacci sequence and its connection to the golden ratio. It begins by introducing Leonardo Fibonacci, the Italian mathematician who developed the Fibonacci sequence. It then defines the Fibonacci sequence as a sequence where each term is the sum of the two preceding terms, starting with 0 and 1. The document also presents Binet's formula, which allows calculating Fibonacci numbers without needing preceding terms. Additionally, it discusses how the ratios of consecutive Fibonacci numbers approach the golden ratio, and how the golden ratio is related to the Fibonacci sequence and appears throughout nature.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    15 views19 pages

    Fibonacci Sequence and The Golden Ratio

    Uploaded by

    inca love
    The document discusses the Fibonacci sequence and its connection to the golden ratio. It begins by introducing Leonardo Fibonacci, the Italian mathematician who developed the Fibonacci sequence. It then defines the Fibonacci sequence as a sequence where each term is the sum of the two preceding terms, starting with 0 and 1. The document also presents Binet's formula, which allows calculating Fibonacci numbers without needing preceding terms. Additionally, it discusses how the ratios of consecutive Fibonacci numbers approach the golden ratio, and how the golden ratio is related to the Fibonacci sequence and appears throughout nature.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pdf or txt
    of 19

    Part 1:

    Fibonacci Sequence
    Mathematics in the Modern World
    Leonardo De Bigollo Pissano
    An Italian mathematician, developed the
    Fibonacci numbers and the Fibonacci
    sequence. He is very known as number
    theorist

    Published Works:
    Liber Abaci (The Book of
    Calculation), 1202 and 1228
    Pratica Geometriae (The Practice of
    1170 – 240 or 250 Geometry), 1220
    Liber Quadratorum (The Book of
    Square Numbers), 1225
    Liber Abaci
    "A certain man put a pair of rabbits in a place surrounded on
    all sides by a wall. How many pairs of rabbits can be
    produced from that pair in a year if it is supposed that every
    month each pair begets a new pair, which from the second
    month on becomes productive?"
    Fibonacci Sequence

    The Fibonacci sequence, also known as Fibonacci numbers,


    is defined as the sequence of numbers in which each
    number in the sequence is equal to the sum of two numbers
    before it. The Fibonacci Sequence is given as:

    Fibonacci Sequence
    0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, ….
    Fibonacci Sequence Formula
    The Fibonacci sequence numbers, 𝐹𝑛 is defined using the
    recursive relation with the seed values 𝐹0 = 0, 𝐹1 = 1 and
    𝐹2 = 1, …

    𝐹𝑛 = 𝐹𝑛−1 + 𝐹𝑛−2 (the recursive rule)


    Fibonacci Sequence Formula
    The recursive rule
    𝐹𝑛 = 𝐹𝑛−1 + 𝐹𝑛−2

    In computing the Fibonacci numbers using a recursive rules


    takes an a lot time, since it can result to a very large numbers.

    Jacques Binet a mathematician and astronomer created the


    formula called Binet’s Formula
    Binet’s Formula
    𝑁 𝑁
    1 1+ 5 1− 5
    𝐹𝑁 = −
    5 2 2

    A quite complicated right!

    This formula allows us to calculate a Fibonacci


    number without needing to calculate any of the
    preceding Fibonacci numbers.
    Fibonacci Numbers in Nature
    Fibonacci Numbers in Nature
    Fibonacci Numbers in Nature
    Part 2:
    The Golden Ratio
    Mathematics in the Modern World
    The Divine Proportion

    The Golden Ratio


    1+ 5
    𝜑=
    2

    𝜑 = 1.618
    The Golden Property
    Find a number such that when
    you add 1 to it you get a square
    of a number

    The problem can be translated as;


    x2 = x + 1, using quadratic formula

    1± 5
    𝑥=
    2
    Fibonacci and the Golden Property

    We will use the Golden Property


    𝜑2 = 𝜑 + 1

    If we multiply 𝜑 2 = 𝜑 + 1 by 𝜑 to both sides


    𝜑(𝜑2 = 𝜑 + 1)
    𝜑3 = 𝜑2 + 𝜑
    Since 𝜑2 = 𝜑 + 1 we can replace
    𝜑 3 = 𝜑 + 1 + 𝜑 or 𝜑3 = 2𝜑 + 𝜑

    Repeat the same pattern, we can derive the “Powers of


    the Golden Ratio”
    Powers of the Golden Ratio

    𝜑𝑁 = 𝐹𝑁𝜑 + 𝐹𝑁−1

    𝜑 = 1.618
    Ratios of Consecutive Fibonacci Numbers

    1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, …

    𝑭𝑵 𝑭𝑵−𝟏 𝑭𝑵 𝑭𝑵 𝑭𝑵−𝟏 𝑭𝑵
    ൗ𝑭 ൗ𝑭
    𝑵−𝟏 𝑵−𝟏

    1 1 1/1 = 1 21 13 21/13 = 1.615


    2 1 2/1 = 2 34 21 34/21 = 1.619
    3 2 3/2 = 1.5 55 34 55/34 = 1.617
    5 3 5/3 = 1.666… 89 55 89/55 = 1.61818…

    8 5 8/5 = 1.6 144 89 144/89 = 1.617

    13 8 13/8 = 1.625 233 144 233/144 = 1.61805


    The table shows an interesting pattern: As N gets bigger, the ratio of
    𝑭
    consecutive Fibonacci numbers 𝑵ൗ𝑭𝑵−𝟏 , appears to settle down to a
    fixed value and that fixed value turns out to be the Golden Ratio

    Ratio of Consecutive Fibonacci


    Numbers

    𝑭𝑵
    ൗ𝑭 = 𝝋
    𝑵−𝟏
    Thank you!
    References
    1. Mathematical Excursions by Aufmann, Clegg, Lockwood and Nation

    2. Miller, Charles et al (2012). Mathematical Ideas (12thedition)


    Pearson Education Inc.

    3. Tannenbaum, Peter (2007) Excursions in Mathematics (8thedition).


    Pearson Education Inc.

    4. Parks, Harold et al (2007) Park’s et al’s: A Mathematical View of the


    World. Thomson Brooks/Cole.

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