Communicable Disease Day 1
Communicable Disease Day 1
Communicable Disease Day 1
-9/10 causes morbidity in the Ph are all CD. Goal: Boost the immune system.
Ex. Respiratory infections including pneumonia, Tb and Encourage the patient to eat foods rich in
Influenza (Covid 19), animal bites (Rabies), Diarrheal Vitamin A, C, E, Zinc
diseases. Increase oral fluid intake
Enough rest and sleep
Based on the Mortality:
Bacteria- can grow in both living and non-living
4 non communicable diseases that are common cause
things.
of death.
Based on the color of the sputum: Mucus secretion
Cardiovascular disease
Yellowish/Brown: Bacterial infection
1. Hypertension
2. COPD Clear: Viral Infection
3. Cancer Protozoa/Fungus: Green
4. Diabetes Miletus 2. Reservoir
all connected to unhealthy lifestyle. (Tobacco -temporary lodging area of your microorganism. It
could be living or non-living things.
smoking, unhealthy diet, sedentary lifestyle)
Communicable diseases can be prevented through 3. Portal of Exit
health education. - feces, urine
Educate on how to prevent the transmission. 4. Mode of Transmission-Weakest leak
Chain of infection- Intervene on the mode of Direct or indirect contact
transmission. (HANDWASHING)
Direct Contact: Intermediary object
4 Pandemic Communicable Diseases:
– person-to-person; face-to-face encounter with an infected
person (e.g. skin contact, kissing); droplet
1. COVID 19
2. Tuberculosis
3. HIV Aids Ex. Fecal oral transmission/ Diarrheal infections
4. Malaria
5Fs- Fomites, Fingers. Flies, Food, and Fecs
Sporadic – on and off
Endemic – persistently present Droplet Airborne
Epidemic – sudden increase
Pandemic – present worldwide Source of Respiratory Droplet Respiratory Droplet
Infection (droplet nuclei) (droplet nuclei)
Dx Test:
Slip Skin Smear
Medical Mgt: Multiple Drug Therapy
Combination of Drugs to:
1. Prevent drug resistance (esp. Dapsone – mainstay
drug)
2. Hasten recovery
3. Lessen period of communicability (1-2 weeks)
LEPROSY Reportable Side Effects: (discontinue treatment)
Rifampicin – given on Day 1
AKA: Hansen’s Disease; Hansenosis
Lepers – Hansenites
Dapsone – 2nd to 28 days or a period of 6-9 Fast breathing
months Chest indrawing
o Subcostal retraction – use
Paucibacillary Multibacillary (Lepromatous type)
of accessory muscles
1st Day-Rifampicin 1st Day- give ∙ Rifampicin & o Stridor – harsh breath sound
2nd Day- Dapsone Dapsone during
(2nd to 28 days) 2nd Day- give ∙ Rifampicin & o INSPIRATION
Duration: 6-9 mos. Dapsone + clofazimine 20mg o Wheezing – high pitched
Duration: 24-30 months
sound during EXPIRATION
S/e: (N)
Dx Exam:
Clofazimine - brownish/blackish discoloration
Chest X-ray – Confirmatory test
▪ Lung consolidation
▪ Patchy infiltrates
PNEUMONIA
Sputum exam
Inflammation of the lung parenchyma ▪ Specific cause
CA: Virus, Protozoa, Bacteria (common)
PCP – Pneunocystis Carinii Pneumoniae Med Mgt:
(protozoa) Antibiotic
CAP – Streptococcus (bacteria) Inhalation therapy – nebulization
HCAP – Staphylococcus, Gram (-) Bacteria Nrsg Care:
ICU - Pseudomonas, Klebsiella Maintain patent airway
Inhalation of noxious substances o Provide adequate rest
Aspiration pneumonia o Provide adequate nutrition
Lipid pneumonia – use of oil for cleaning o Provide comfort measures
the nose or as lubricant Prevention:
Stasis Pneumonia (Hypostatic)- immobility o Immunization
MOT: Direct (droplet) o Proper disposal of nasopharyngeal
S/sx: secretions o Covering of the nose and the
Cardinal Signs: mouth when sneezing and coughing
Rusty Sputum
High Fever Postural Drainage and Back tapping=
Increase tactile fremitus DEPENDENT INTERVENTION
o Normally equal vibration both sides
o If increase (whatever side) that’s
the affected lung.
Lung Assessment for Consilidation:
Bronchophony- tactile fremitus- icnease
vibration on the affected lung. May
consolidation=may pneumonia
Egophony- uses stethoscope (Say “E’)
o Normal ‘E’ sound must be CLEAR
Whisper Pectoriloquy- use stethoscope
o Say 123 (Normally “punga”)
o If clear 123= Consolidation= May
DIPTHERIA
Pneumonia
CA: Corynebacterium Diphteriae (Klebs
IMCI
Loeffler Bacillus)
CA: Bordetella Pertussis, Hemophilus Pertussis
MOT: Direct (droplet) MOT: Direct (droplet)
IP: 7-10 days
Pathognomonic Sign: Pathognomonic Sign
Pseudomembrane – grayish white membrane
Explosive outburst of 5-10 coughs that ends
Do not remove (Myocarditis if remove)
with a whoop.
o might cause bleeding
o Might cause hernia that’s why we need
o General toxemia
adb.binder.
Tracheostomy set
o Possible occurrence of asphyxia o Provoke/ aggravated if the pt is crying,
drinking or eating
Nasal septum BON: The hole of the nipple should be small or use
Larynx dropper when feeding.
Soft palate o During the acute attack the patient
Uvula should be on NPO to avoid aspiration.
Pillars of the tonsils Med Mgt:
S/sx: Antibiotic-Erythromycin
Irritating nasal discharge – sero-sanguinous; foul
mousy odor
Sore throat
Dysphagia
Neck edema – bullneck appearance
Hoarseness of voice, aphonia
Temporary, larynx is affected
Dx Exam:
Nose and throat swab – Definitive Test
Schick Test – Immunity/ susceptibility
Moloney Test – Hypersensitivity to diphtheria
antitoxin
Med Mgt:
Antidiphteria serum (ADS) – neutralize toxin
o PASSIVE ARTIFICIAL VACCINE
Antibiotic – Penicillin – kill the microorganism
Vaccine= DPT- given 6 weeks with 4 weeks’
interval for 3 doses- 0.5ml/IM via vastus lateralis
Summary:
Do not remove the pseudomembrane
No hemoptysis during sputum exam
Tracheostomy set at bedside
2 negative culture is needed
DOC: Penicillin