SoTa rusTavelis saxelobis qarTuli literaturis

instituti
galaktionis kvlevis centri

VIII

Tbilisi 2019
1
uak(UDK) 821.353.1(092tabiZe g.)
g–17

saredaqcio kolegia:
Teimuraz doiaSvili (redaqtori), levan bregaZe,
gaston buaCiZe, irakli kenWoSvili, emzar kvitaiSvili,
rostom CxeiZe

pasuxismgebeli mdivani
naTia sixaruliZe

morige redaqtori
levan beburiSvili

garekanis dizaini
Tengiz mirzaSvili

kompiuteruli uzrunvelyofa
TinaTin duglaZe

galaktionologia, VIII, 2019

redaqciis misamarTi: 0108, Tbilisi, merab kostavas q. № 5
telefoni: 299-53-00
el.fosta: [email protected]

isbn 978-9941-0-1052-1 (yvela wignis)

isbn 978-9941-8-1584-3 (merve wignis)

2
 `artistuli yvavilebi~ – 100

zustad asi wlis win, 1919 wels tfilisSi gamoica

galaktion tabiZis leqsebis meore wigni `Crâne aux fleurs
artistiques~ – `Tavis qala artistuli yvavilebiT~, romelmac
`mTeli xana~ – epoqa Seqmna qarTuli poeziis istoriaSi.
es iyo Tavisufal saqarTveloSi Tavisufali poeturi
sulis gansacvifrebeli manifestacia, romelmac `TeTri
mefis~ – genialuri poetis saxeli moupova galaktions.
TeTrydian, Txel wigns epigrafad wamZRvarebuli hqon-
da oTxi frangulenovani citata bodleris, goties, ver-
lenisa da renies leqsebidan, romlebic, ucxo, idumal
saTaurTan erTad, mianiSnebdnen erovnuli poeziis axle-
bur, Secvlil orientaciaze – franguli, zogadad, evro-
puli modernizmiT dainteresebaze.
dRes aRaravis aeWvebs, rom poeturi reforma, romel-
mac gansazRvra qarTuli poeziis ganaxlebisa da ganviTa-
rebis dasavluri gza XX saukuneSi, upirvelesad, galak-
tion tabiZis saxels da mis epoqalur wigns – did wigns!
– ukavSirdeba.
cvlileba yvelafers Seexo: metrsa da ritms, riT-
mas da evfonias, strofikas, saleqso formebs... Semovida
`gamoucnobeli ideebi Zlivs dasaWeri anareklebiT, nis-
liani formiT da daburuli saxeebiT~...
da am arnaxuli poeturi saswaulis avtori ocdaSvidi
wlis galaktioni iyo.
poeturi sityvis Semfaseblebma, vinc ar iyo SeboWi-
li korporatiuli interesebiT, imTaviTve igrZnes, rom
`artistuli yvavilebiT~ qarTuli poezia Tavis feris-
cvalebas zeimobda, rom es wigni iyo wrfeli macne didi
ganaxlebisa.
3
 Tavad galaktionic, yalbi mokrZalebis gareSe, sxva
ganzomilebaSi – `wignTa yovelTa maSindelT zemo~! –
Wvretda Tavis novatorul qmnilebas.
`artistuli yvavilebi~ ar aris calkeuli leqsebis
krebuli. msgavsad galaktionis pirveli wignisa, isic
specifikuri struqturis mqone wigni-mTlianobaa. mis
miTopoetur siuJetSi simboluri saxismetyvelebiT aris
naCvenebi zeciuri qalwulisadmi `ucnauri trfobiT~
gamsWvaluli mgosnis sulieri tragedia – gza mistikuri
utopiidan esqatologiur imedgacruebamde.
`artistuli yvavilebis~ arss ori simbolo gadmos-
cems – `cisferi~ da `Troba~: `cisferi~, rogorc mudmivi
ltolva idealuri qveynisaken da `Troba~, rogorc ze-
drouli wamebi mistikuri eqstazisa, roca `ucnob Ramis
Sor sakurTxevelTan~ araqauri xilvebidan ibadeboda
poetis sizmriT naqsovi, jerarsmenili Sedevrebi.
asi weli ar aris mcire dro saimisod, rom wigni mxolod
warsulis eqsponatad qceuliyo. iyo ukuRmarTi wle-
bic, rodesac dekadentobasa Tu formalizmSi braldebis
SiSiT TviTon galaktioni ar axsenebda, malavda, uar-
yofda Tavis ukvdav wigns; magram `artistuli yvavile-
bi~ gadarCa, da ara marto gadarCa, aramed cocxlobs da
raRac grZneulebiT isev aRelvebs, afiqrebs, xiblavs da
imorCilebs mkiTxvels.
Tanamedrove saqarTvelosTvis `artistuli yvavile-
bi~ marto leqsebis krebuli araa. is qarTuli Semoqme-
debiTi geniis simboloa, Cveni identobis sabuTi da nu-
geSia. es saocari wigni sulierebisa da uzado ostato-
bis iseTi TvalSeudgami mwvervalidan dagvcqeris, rom
arasrulfasovnebisagan aTavisuflebs ers, kvlavac saka-
cobrio kulturis ganuyofel, Rirseul wevrad gvagr-
Znobinebs Tavs.

Teimuraz doiaSvili

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5
6
`wignTa yovelYTa zemo~

zurab kiknaZe

wignis asi weli

miuwvdomeli miuwvdomlobiT miiwvdomeba.

nikolaus kuzeli

I
`wigni~ galaktionis poeziaSi arcTu umniSvnelo sak-
vanZo sityvaa. TormettomeulSi, romelic met-naklebi
sisruliT moicavs mis nawerebs, am sityvis gamoyenebis
rekorduli 1025 SemTxvevaa dadasturebuli (sanikiZe
1996: 315). wigni, es TiTqos prozauli nivTi, sityvieri
teqstebis SemTavsebeli da gamavrcelebeli xelsawyo,
rogorc erTi mniSvnelovani artefaqti damwerlobis Sem-
dgom kacobriobis civilizaciaSi, misTvis aSkarad kon-
ceptualuri Rirebulebis movlenaa. iq, sadac, saxeldobr,
`xelovnebis yvavilebSi~, naklebad unda yofiliyo mosa-
lodneli, es sityva TerTmetgzis gansxvavebul konteq-
stebSi da gansxvavebuli niSnis matareblad aris naxsenebi:

`romanze isvenebs Sandali~ (I); `angelozs eWira grZeli

pergamenti~ (III); `aq meTormete saukunis mZime wignebi~
(VII); `am wignis furclebSi dahqris misi sasaxlis landi~
(XXIII); `wakiTxul wignTa saRamois msubuqi bindi~ (XXVII);
`wigni vedrebiani, aloceba satanis~ (LX); `gigzavni am
wigns... rogorc odesme momqonda SenTan wigni pirveli,
Senma Rimilma uborotesma daindos wigni da Semwirveli~
(LXIX); `saRamo iwva xaverdis ydaSi viT wigni lurji da
ZvelisZveli~ (LXXVII); `sanTlebis, wignebis wyevla da
vedreba~ (LXXXVI).
7
 Tavad wigni `xelovnebis yvavilebi~ xom poetis TvalSi
epoqaluri movlenaa. 1925 wlis `mnaTobSi~ dabeWdili
`100 leqsi~ misi xsenebiT mTavrdeba: `movida wvima, qari,
dalandi da mTeli xana wignis `Cräne* eux fleurs~. dameTan-
xmebiT, konteqsti mniSvnelovania. erT uTariRo gviandel
leqsSi (`mogonebebi~) ki wigni ucnaurad aris Sewyvile-
buli RvinosTan. ai isic:

Sen mxarze doqiT, me xelSi wigniT

mivediT marans;
mivediT marans, SevediT SigniT:
Wurs mtveri faravs.
ar Cnda memarne da Cven Zvirfasi
Rvino mivigneT,
ukvdavi Rvino: Sen Cemi TasiT,
me Seni wigniT...…

doqSi rom Zvirfasi da ukvdavi Rvinoa – es migvaniS-

nebs, rom wignSic aris siZvirfase da ukvdaveba. sagu-
lisxmoa: rolebis cvlaSi (`Sen Cemi TasiT, me Seni wigniT~)
Tasi (ukve ara doqi) da wigni, esoden gansxvavebuli ori
WurWeli, igiveobas hpoveben metafizikur realobaSi**
im azriT, rom es ori sagani am leqsSi TavianT utilita-
rul daniSnulebas aRematebian.
`xelovnebis yvavilebis~ Semdgom poetis Semoqmede-
bas yovel etapze msWvalavs wigni, is esqatologiur gan-
zomilebas iZens, rogorc dasasrulis da, imavdroulad,
ukvdavebis niSani: `bavSvebi movlen Seni wignebiT. iqneba,
bevri rame iqneba, magram amqveynad Cven ar viqnebiT~ –
amiT naTqvamia, rom wigni rCeba, is ukvdavia, ra Tqma unda,
ara misi nivTierebiT, aramed arsebiT. roca wignis nivTi-
eri mxare kvdeba, qaRaldi icriceba, niSnebi mkrTaldeba
* leqsSi asea. unda iyos Crâne. wignis G titulzec SecdomiT aris Cräne.
** Tasi da Rvino galaktionis poeziis Tanamdevi realobebia. Mmeore wignSi:
`ivlisisferi yinvis TasebiT~ (XIII), `ca – siyvarulis da sicocxlis Zvirfasi
Tasi~ (XXI), `RviniT Tasebi isev ivseba~ (LVIII), `Zveli RFvinis smiT, ugonod
mZafrad~… (XXX), `mzisgan savse alisfer RviniT~ (LXXXI)…...
8
 da, Dsabolood, qreba, am dros ebraeli ambobs, rom wigni,
rogorc miwieri nivTi, miwasve unda miebaros, misi suli
ki cis sasufevelSi wava, saidanac movida. Dda, bolos, Cve-
ni poetis Semoqmedebis ukanasknel etapze, yovlis damag-
virgvineblad, `mSvidobis wignSi~ wigni sasoebis, qveynis
xsnis misiiT itvirTeba. poemaSi dakarguli Tu gauCinare-
buli da saZiebeli wigni graalis Tass eTanadeba. Amagram am
simboluri ganzomilebis gverdiT wignis arc pragmatu-
li mxare iCqmaleba. wigni rCeba, rogorc wasakiTxi teq-
stis Semcveli WurWeli.* wignTa tomebi, rogorc misi leq-
sebis Sesakrebeli, misTvis gamudmebuli zrunvis sagania,
SemoqmedebiTi gzis Sejamebaa – erTgvari summa, cxovrebis
mizanic ki. Mmagram raki poetis xasiaTi sruliad mokle-
bulia pragmatulobas, rogorc aseTs, misi mcdelobani
am mimarTulebiT, bunebrivi mizeziT, kraxiT mTavrdeba.
tomeulebis beWdvis Guprecedento wamowyebebi iseve, ro-
gorc grandiozulad dagegmili saiubileo saRamoebi,
komikuramde ararealur saxes iRebs. igi gadauwyveteli
dilemis winaSea: tomTa simravle Tu erTi wigni, yovlis-
momcveli `didi erTtomeuli~, romelmac uklebliv mTeli
misi Semoqmedeba (`15 000 leqsi~) unda daitios. ratomac
ara. Tumca eWvebic RrRnis. `saSineli silamaze didi wig-
nisa~, CauniSnavs furcelze (javaxaZe 2013: 9). es simpto-
maturia. lamazi saSinelic aris (“Там вечерам и страшно
и красиво”, n. gumiliovi), rogorc sizmareuli koSmari.
silamaze mimzidvelia, magram mas Tan sdevs SiSi. aseTi
oqsimoronuli gancda misTvis ucxo ar unda yofiliyo.
AvgrZnobT raRac amis msgavss `xelovnebis yvavilebSi~ (gan-
sakuTrebiT es `dominoSi~ igrZnoba, romelic erTgvarad

* `me Cafluli var bevr saintereso wignebSi, iseT wignebSi, romlebic jer
aravis dasizmrebia ramed rom gamoeyenebia~, iwereba igi moskovidan (javaxaZe
2013: 563). gaurkvevelia, Tu ras gulisxmobda poeti `gamoyenebaSi~ da ra iyo
misi Sedegi. MmogvianebiTac: `me ki vuzivar isev wignebs~ (narkvevi `poeziis
integralebi~). arc mis Tanamedrove, arc mis Semdgom qarTvel poets ar
dauTmia esoden `prozauli~ sagnisTvis erTi striqoni mainc, araTu poemis
mTavar personaJad eqcia.
9
Tavs uyris wignSi gafantul koSmarul xilvebs). erTi
yovlismomcveli wignis gamocema praqtikulad ganuxor-
cielebeli darCa. Mmis warmosaxvaSi erT wigns unda moec-
va misi naocnebaris mTeli sisavse, realurad ki igi isev
da isev simravleze fiqrobda da es simravle Crdilavda
xarisxs. magram amgvari ciebcxelebiani, usagno pragmatu-
loba mis cxovrebaSi gviandeli gamovlinebaa. `xelovnebis
yvavilebis~ epoqaSi mas ar sCveoda uniadago facifuci,
simravlis, rac SeiZleba meti ricxovnebis, wyurvili. am
wlebis xanmokle periodSi intuiciam leqsebis pirveli,
1914 wlis, krebulis Semdeg mas sami wigni, rogorc ide-
alurs miaxloebuli konceptualuri krebulebi, Seaqmnevi-
na. pirveli `xelovnebis yvavilebia~, meore – `100 leqsi~*,
mesame – 1927 wlis `leqsebi~, e.w. zarniSiani wigni. Tu ro-
gor momWirneobas iCenda igi `xelovnebis yvavilebis~ Sed-
genisas iqidan Cans, rom 1915-1919 wlebSi gamoqveynebu-
li leqsebidan mxolod Tormeti miiCnia axali krebulis
Rirsad, sxvebze, rogorc, misi azriT, wignisTvis Seufe-
rebelze, uari Tqva. es imas mowmobs, rom mas savsebiT ga-
azrebuli hqonda axali krebulis mniSvneloba, rom is ar
unda yofiliyo ubralod axali, rogorc pirvelis momdev-
no rigiTi wigni. is uUnda yofiliyo ara bevri, non multa, sed
multum, axali Tvisobriobis Semcveli movlena, `romelic
jer aravis dasizmrebia~. molodini 1914 wlis `leqsebi-
dan~ (`am wigniT me vfiqrobdi qveynis afeTqebas~) ufro
1919 wlis krebuls Seefereboda. SesaZloa, mogveCvenos,
rom pirveli wigni meoris mosamzadebeli safexuri iyo,
magram Tu davdgebiT ara evoluciuri ganviTarebis (jer
nakluli, mere gansrulebuli), aramed Semoqmedebis po-
ziciaze, unda uarvyoT saerTod mosamzadebeli periodis
cneba da vaRiaroT yoveli periodis, rogorc Semoqmedeb-

* poetis mier amoCemebuli `asis~ Sesaxeb (asi poeti, asi mwerali, asi kompozi-
tori, asi saRamo, asi koncerti, asi danomrili skami, asi baRi...) ix. javaxaZe
2013: 465.
10
iTi axali etapis, TavisTavadoba.* Amagram mainc rCeba STa-
beWdileba, rom meore wigniT axali, sxva poeti gvelapara-
keba, magram es siaxle winamavalis, romelic Aim droisTvis
aseve siaxle iyo qarTul poeziaSi, axali manifestaciaa.
`mwerlis suli farTovdeba da viTardeba periodebad, misi
qmnilebani ki sulis faruli zrdis Sedegebia~ (al. bloki).
da is, ris zrdasac vgulisxmobT, yovel asakSi igiveo-
brivia Tavis TavTan. cnobili striqonebi `rogorc erTia
qveyana mTeli, ise erTia galaktioni~ gulisxmobs ara mxo-
lod erTaderTobas, unikalobas, rac yoveli pirovnebis
xvedria, aramed igiveobas Tavis TavTan, erTis mTliano-
bas Tavis bunebriv saxecvlilebebSi.
`xelovnebis yvavilebs~, romlis franguli saTauri
`Crâne aux fleurs artistiques~ garkveul Canafiqrs amxels, asi
weli Seusrulda. Aaxal qarTul mwerlobaSi ver davasaxe-
lebT sxva wigns, romelsac misodeni saetapo mniSvneloba
hqondes ara mxolod avtoris SemoqmedebaSi, aramed zoga-
dad qarTul poetur sityvierebaSi. asi weli sruli sauku-
nea, magram Cvens SegnebaSi es asi weli guSindeli dRea. es
wigni dRemde Tavisi zemoqmedebis ZalmosilebiT iseTive
cocxali da aqtualuria, rogorc maSin, roca avtoris xe-
lidan gamovida. 1919 wels misi gamoCena udidesi siaxle
iyo, magram dResac, 2019 wels, am siaxles yavli ar gasvlia,
ar gaxunebula. Cven naklebad viciT, ra STabeWdilebas ax-
denda es ucnauri, `jer argagonil~ leqsTa krebuli mis
pirvel mkiTxvelebze.** darwmunebulni unda viyoT, rom
pirveli mkiTxvelebisTvis iseTive enigmaturi iqneboda
krebulis arsebiTi, konceptualuri mxaris gamomxatveli
bevri leqsi, rogorc DdRemde Cans. Aam asi wlis ganmavloba-
Si, gansakuTrebiT ukanasknel xans, bevri warmatebuli Tu

* galaktionis pirveli wignis mimarT es damajereblad aCvena T. doiaSvilma.

ix. doiaSvili 2014.
** `artistuli yvavilebi~ utyuari gumaniT Seafasa ivane gomarTelma: `meore
wignSi galaktioni imdenad gaizarda, rom aseTi didi nabiji Cvens mwerloba-
Si iSviaTi movlenaa~.
11
warumatebeli mcdeloba iyo enigmad Seracxili leqsebis
gaSifrvisa. Mmikvleuli iqna `invariantuli motivebi~, `in-
terteqstualuri warmonaqmnebi~, simbolur saxeTa pir-
velwyaroebi, zogadad, maTi empiriuli substrati. Ees
yvelaferi arsebobs, myofobs leqsebSi gardaqmnili sa-
xiT da Kkidev bevri ram aRmoCndeba `infrasxivebiT~ maTi
gaSuqebis, analizis meSveobiT, postmodrnistuli dekon-
struqciis Sedegad, magram Semadgenel nawilebad daSli-
li teqsti ukve aRar miekuTvneba Semoqmedebis sferos da,
amdenad, misi poeziis gasaRebs ver gvaZlevs, CamovdivarT
`dRiur prozamde~, romelsac poetis ocneba gaurboda.
es operaciebi mxolod imas gvamcnobs, rom leqsi arara-
obidan ar Seqmnila, rom mas safuZvlad mainc amqveyniuri
realiebi uZevs. raRac cxadi gaxda, magram am sicxadem
idumalebis burusi ver gafanta. idumaleba, rogorc es-
Tetikis wyaro, idumalebadve rCeba. Yyvelaze didxans is
leqsi cocxlobs, romelic saidumlos yvelaze didxans
inaxavso, uTqvams pol valeris (d. weredianis statiidan,
ix, werediani 2002: 115). mTavaria ara substratis migneba,
aramed imis gageba, Tu risi Tqma, gamoxatva, gadmocema
surda poets substratis gardaqmniT.
binasTan erTad konfiskacias DraRac bedisweriT ga-
darCenili wignebis karadaSi didxans ido gadauSlelad
ucnauri, idumalebiT moculi wigni, romelic qarTul
wignTagan Tavisi saTauriT da yviTeli garekaniT gamo-
irCeoda. roca gadaiSala da pirvelive striqonebi iqna
wakiTxuli, ucnauroba gamZafrda, idumalebam Tavisi
ukiduresi saxe – siucxoe miiRo. Uucxo da gaugebari iyo
ara mxolod teqsti, ara mxolod epigrafebi, aramed
wignis teqnikuri mxare – leqsebis danomvra romauli
cifrebiT, romauliTve aRniSnuli gamocemis weli, ad-
gili – tfilisi, rogorc imxanad iwereboda (albaT
gamoiTqmoda kidec) qalaqis saxeli. magram am ucxoobam
misadmi, Tundac misi gayviTlebuli Tu imTaviTve yvi-
Teli tkicina furclebisadmi mowiweba dabada: igi
12
xom sakiTxavad gamiznul wignad Aiyo Seqmnili da misi
gaugebari teqstebi raRac mniSvnelobas unda Seicavdes.
vinmesTvis Tu gasagebi iyo, odesme sxvisTvisac xom unda
gaxdes gasagebi... ra Tqma unda, amgvarad gamokveTili
ar unda yofiliyo ymawvilis fiqrebi am wignze. warsuli
xdomileba, ganwyobilebani mexsierebas Cvenamde arasdros
Tavisi pirvandeli saxiT ar moaqvs. xsovnaSi Senaxuli
warsuli faqtebi Semdgomi gamocdilebebiT ivseba da maT
Suqze fasdeba. visi TvaliT unda Sefasdes `xelovnebis
yvavilebi~ – pirveli mkiTxvelebis TvaliT, romelTac
igrZnes misi absoluturi siaxle Tu im mkiTxvelTa Tva-
liT, romelTa poeturi gamocdileba momdevno proce-
sebma Seavso? STagonebuli istorikosi numa denis fi-
ustel Fde kulanJi (1830-1889) mouwodebda istorikosebs,
daeviwyebinaT yvela istoriuli movlena, romelic ki
maTi Sesaswavli epoqis Semdeg moxda. Mmxolod amgvarad
Tu SeZlebs istorikosi warsulis xdomilebaTa monawile
gaxdes `dedanSi~ maT Sesacnobad. SevxedoT da SevicnoT
`xelovnebis yvavilebi~, rogorc xelovnebis nayofi, Ta-
visTavad, rogoric is aris, damoukidebliv misi epoqisa
da warsuli poeturi gamocdilebisa da aseve momavlis-
gan ganyenebiT, rogoria misi saxe SemboWveli droisa da
sivrcis gareSe. misi pirveli wignis Semfasebelma (iv. go-
marTelma) mis poeziaSi `baraTaSvilis msoflio sevdis
kilo~ SeniSna, isic aRniSna, rom `baraTaSvilis Semdeg
Cveni poezia sakmaod ganviTarda, magram baraTaSvilis gzas
ki ascda~. magram SegviZlia ki vTqvaT evolucionistTa
kvalze, rom galaktioni baraTaSvilis gzas misdevs,
aRadgens da aviTarebs? an samocianelTa gzas ganagrZobs
axal istoriul viTarebaSi? Mmis arc pirvel, arc meore
wignSi me-19 saukunis ganmsazRvreli motivebi ar Cans. es
momenti SeniSnes pirveli wignis Semfaseblebma. AaRiniS-
na, rom misi poeziis sevda ar aris gamowveuli `erovnu-
li mdgomareobiT da sazogadoebrivi kiTxvebiT (iv. go-
marTeli), rom mis poeziaSi ar gaismis `mamuliSvilur-
13
moqalaqeobrivi hangebi~ (ioseb arimaTieli), rom `mis
pirovnebas aRar xuTavs es warmavali empiriuloba~ (mi-
xeil abramiSvili). vTqvaT pirdapir, rom galaktionma
Tavisi orive wigniT poezia Tavis Tavs daubruna. ra
aris poeziis misia, amocana? arimaTielma (igive ioseb
imedaSvili), martiv formulaSi moaqcia WeSmariteba,
romlis gamosaTqmelad bevri melani daxarjula. Ees aris
`Cveulebriv adamianisaTvis miuwvdomelis Secnoba~. eEs
1914 wlis wignze iTqva, magram naTqvamis sazrisi mTeli
sisavsiT `xelovnebis yvavilebma~ cxadhyo. poeziaze rom
ar vilaparakoT, es xom adamianis misiac aris amqveynad.

II
davubrundeT ymawvils, romelmac adrindel ucxoSi
epoqaluri (rogorc qveynis, ise mis pirovnul masStab-
Si) wigni aRmoaCina. isic aRmoCnda, rom ucxo TavisTava-
di Rirebulebis movlenaa da ara gardamavali safexuri
Seucnobelsa da Secnobils Soris. iseve, rogorc `ucxo
moyme~ nacnobi gaxda Ziebis Semdeg, magram misi saxe kvlav
darCa idumalebiT mocul movlenad da poemaSi is pirvel
Semxvedr `ucxo moymedve~ cocxlobs, Aaseve `xelovnebis
yvavilebSi~ ymawvilisTvis kvlav ucxod brwyinavs, Tumca
DimJamidan dRemde gamoucnobia saxeebi, sityvebi, adgil-
adgil mouwesrigebeli sintaqsic ki, romelic swored am
uwesrigobiT aris momxibvleli. is ver egueba maT raci-
onalizebas, sayovelTao sicxademde maT dayvanas, maTi
empiriuli wyaroebis Cxrekas. maT xom ukan moitoves sag-
nobrivi, rogorc nikolai berdiaevi uwodebs, gaobieqte-
buli samyaro (объективированный мир), moitoves rogorc
frTaSesxmulma efemeridebma TavianTi Wuprebi. Ees samya-
ro, rogorc obieqtivaciis Sedegi, pragmatuli intere-
sebis kvalobaze aris SeTxzuli. Ggonebam yvelaferi obi-
eqtad aqcia, rac imas niSnavs, rom adamiani mowyda WeS-
marit realobas da masac saganTa Soris erT-erT sagnad
gadaqceva emuqreba. Mmagram adamiani, rogorc suli, ar
14
SeiZleba iyos sagani, miTumetes, misi Sinagani cxovreba
ar unda iqces sagnad. U poezia-ocnebam sagnebi pragmatu-
li tvirTisgan unda gaaTavisuflos. metic, poeturi
Semoqmedeba warmosaxvaSi aRadgens im realobas, ufro
sworad, am warmosaxviT SeaRwevs im sinamdvileSi, sadac
sagnebi gantvirTulia miwieri simZimisgan. Dda am mize-
ziT, roca vkiTxulobT `xelovnebis yvavilebis~ leqsebs,
TiTqos niadagi gvecleba, Hhaeri gaiSviaTebulia, sunT-
qva gvekvris. sad aRmovCndiT? nacnobi sagnebi kargaven
wonas, xolo sityvebi iseTi moulodnelobiT emezob-
lebian da emsWvalvian erTmaneTs, rom ukve aRar aRniS-
naven imas, rasac yoveldRiur yofaSi aRniSnavdnen. jer
kidev 1914 wlis krebulSi is ambobs SeSfoTebiT:

ar minda sityva, ar minda sityva!

rodesac sityva daibadeba,
simarTlis ali – rogorc burusi,
ise irRveva da ifanteba.

arc erTi sityva, romelic empirikaSi yofiTi saWiro-

ebisTvis Seiqmna, mas ar gamoadgeba. magram es mxolod da-
sawyisia. `xelovnebis yvavilebSi~ amgvar aRiarebebs is
aRar mimarTavs. sityva, romelsac is imarjvebs, ukve isea
`gardaqmnili~, rom `simarTlis ali~, anu ocnebaSi dana-
xuli realoba Tavis saxes inarCunebs. sagnebs, romelTac
obieqtivirebul samyaroSi erTmaneTTan araferi akav-
Sirebda, axali realobis aRsawerad erTmaneTis mxarda-
mxar da erTmaneTSi SemsWvalulad vxedavT. sagani gadadis
sxva saganSi, sagani Sedis, Seerwymis sxva sagans, movlenebi
da sagnebi uCveulo urTierobaSi arian erTmaneTTan. `sa-
Ramo, vici, baRSi Sexval eklesiidan* //da gaocebis mwuxa-
rebas masTan miitan. //TiTqos beWdebze dageyreba varde-
bis cvari //da surnelebiT aivseba Seni locvani~ – miviRoT
es saocari suraTi, qristianul-religiuri eniT Tu vity-

* Sdr. `viT locva – edeba saRamo mTis kalTebs~ (LXXII).

15
viT, rogorc fernacvali bunebis qmnileba, romelic aris
is, rac aris, misi arseboba interpretacias da warmoSobis
Ziebas ar moiTxovs; am saxiT is Tavad laparakobs Tavis
Tavze. kiTxvebi ki ismis (da es kiTxvebic leqsis nawilia):
vin aris is, vinc ambobs, rom `icis~, an ra aris is `saRamo~,
romelic `gaocebis mwuxarebas~ atarebs? AoRond pasuxs
ar unda velodeT. rogorc grigol robaqiZe ityoda, es
`kantis TavSi ver Sevao~ (igulisxmeba ara kantis, rogorc
pirovnebis Tavi, aramed sufTa goneba, racio). ra SeiZleba
gvauwyos am `gaocebis mwuxarebis~ analizma, racios enaze
misma gadmotanam? Les ori wmindad adamianuri grZnoba –
gaoceba da mwuxareba mxolod poetur xilvaSi SeiZleba
gaerTiandes. yoveldRiuri yofisTvis dabadebuli saRi
azri am sinTezs uazrobad miiCnevs. Aleqsi moiTxovs ara
analitikur axsnas, aramed gagebas, romelic filosofiis
kvalze gancvifrebiT iwyeba. is leqsis gagebis stimulia
da, imavdroulad, mosavs leqss, rogorc sxva samyarodan
mofenili Crdili. Ees `auxsneli qaragmia~ (leqsi LIII `arag-
vi~) yofaSi gawrTvnili inteleqtisTvis, magram is da misi
msgavsi obieqtivaciisgan Tavdaxsnili realiebi ara axs-
nis, aramed gagebis, wvdomis sagani unda iyos. is, rac az-
robrivad gaugebaria, esTetikurad aris gasagebi.

III
ras warmoadgens is samyaro, romelic masSi `gaocebis
mwuxarebas~ iwvevs, sadac ukvdavebis niSnebia `dumili da
gaoceba~ (XXXI `paraleli~)? es namdvilad antipodia Cve-
uli samyarosi, sadac mZime, nivTieri sagnebi batonoben
adamianebze. ocnebaSi ki sagani kargavs miwier simZimes da
haerovan simsubuqes iZens.
anri bergsoni ambobs, rom realurad ar arsebobs erT-
xel da samudamod mocemuli mza sagani Tu movlena, aseTi
ram mxolod inteleqtis iluziaa, mxolod misi pragmatu-
li interesebis warmonaqmnia. arc mdgomareoba, rogorc
aseTi, arsebobs, mxolod mudmivi cvalebadoba, ganuwy-
16
veteli denadoba, A mxolod mudmivad qmnadi da ara erTxel
da samudamod yalibSi moqceuli sagnebi, mdgomareobani;
arc saganTa da arc movlenaTa gamyofi xazebi, mkveTri
konturebi, arsebobs, yvelaferi erTmaneTSi talRebad
gadadis, erTmaneTs emsWvaleba. saganTa da movlenaTa
denadobis, xanierebis gancdis unari mxolod intuicias
Seswevs, romelic uSualod swvdeba ocnebis `metafizi-
kur~ sinamdviles. filosofosi, romelsac anri bergsoni
amgvari Semecnebisken mouwodebs, poetisgan Sors ar aris.
ras gvauwyebs sityva-cneba `ocneba~ poetis meore wig-
nSi? `xelovnebis yvavilebis~ III, TavisTavad gamoucnob,
leqsSi `angelozs eWira grZeli pergamenti~ aris striqo-
ni – `ocneba naxazi saganTa uariT~, romelic amouxsnel
enigmad iqna miCneuli, rogorc `auxsneli qaragmi~, ise
rom misi gaSifrvis mcdelobac ar yofila (m. kveselava);
an es aris `albaT erTaderTi definicia `artistul yvavi-
lebSi~ (z. SaTiriSvili, Tumca aRniSnuli ar aris, Tu ra
da rogori realobis definiciaa igi); sxva azustebs, ro-
gorc `usagno xelovnebis erTgvar gansazRvrebas~ (v. ja-
vaxaZe); sxvaTa ufro miaxloebuli azriT, igi antinomiuri
sinamdvilis, `sagnobriv samyarosgan gaTiSvis~ mauwyebe-
lia (T. doiaSvili, l. bregaZe,). Ees ukanaskneli Tvalsazri-
si, vfiqrob, axlos aris, erTi SexedviT araTu enigmatur,
aramed TiTqos raime sazrisisgan daclil striqonTan.
ra azri unda amoicnos `saRma azrma~ erTmaneTTan dauka-
vSirebel sityvaTa am mimdevrobaSi? – `ocneba naxazi sa-
ganTa uariT~. SesaZlebelia, leqsSi (`angelozs eWira...~)
mas ar moeZebnos amxsneli konteqsti. verafers gvimartavs
misi momdevno striqonebi –

Rrubeli feradi da alva tanadi,

romelsac aziis ciT gadavuareT.

enigma am striqonebiT, romlebic Tavad enignaturia,

ver ganimarteba. misi konteqsti mTeli leqsi, metic, mTe-
li wigni unda iyos da ara calkeuli saxeebi. alviseburi
17
Rrubeli da `aziis ca~ axal enigmas aCens, Man unda gvgzav-
nides sxva leqsis (LXXIII `dabruneba~) aseve enigmatur
striqonebTan:

arabTa Tvalebi, qceuli eladaT,

azia,
aRelvebs ocnebas.

O`xelovnebis yvavilebis~ sakvanZo sityva, rogorc misi

poeziis idumalebaSi Sesasvleli gasaRebi, ocneba, anu
realobis poeturi aRqmis rogorc procesi da, imavdro-
ulad, misi Sedegi, Zireulad ewinaaRmdegeba realobis
gonebismieri PSemecnebis Sedegs. sagnebis dauflebaze
orientirebuli yofiTi adamiani erTmaneTis gverdiT
mdebare saganTa Soris aris `gaWedili~. mis garSemo
sagnobrivi samyaroa, romelic unda gardaqmnas ocnebam.
`ocneba, naxazi saganTa uariT~ – am sityvaTa asidentu-
ri mimdevroba gveubneba, rom ocneba usagnobiT aris
SeTxzuli, rom ocnebis samyaro sxvaa da saganTa samyaro
– sxva. ocneba obieqtivirebuli samyaros uaryofaa. er-
Tgan, galaktionis dRiurSi vkiTxulobT: `mSvenieri cxov-
reba me ocnebebSi ganvicade...~ aqedan Cans, rom sityva
`ocneba~ poetis sityvier arsenalSi gansakuTrebuli
sazrisis Semcvelia*. is ar aris mxolod, rogorc misi
yofiTi mniSvneloba gvauwyebs, raRac ararealuris, ga-
nuxorcielebelis natvra, romelic mocaleobis Jams
ewveva adamians an Tavisi surviliT gamoiwvevs. Oocne-
ba poetis leqsikonSi saganTa miRma ganWvretis, maTi
metafizikuri xatis Semecnebis gzaa. `Sevide ucxo sim-
subuqeSi, gamomyves lurja cxenebis mtveri~ (LXIII `nuge-
* ocneba Zveli sityvaa, ZvelqarTulSi ucnebis formiT gvxvdeba. saxarebaSi
am sityviT gadmoicema berZn. φάντασμα `moCveneba~ (xilvis obieqti). Oocneba/
ucneba da saucar/ucnauri, rogorc vxedavT, erTi saerTo semantikis
Zirs /uc-, oc-/ Seicavs. U`ucxoc~ ar aris maTgan Sors…... ocneba aRniSnavs
absoluturad gansxvavebul realobas (rudolf otos ganz andere – `yovlad
sxva~), ucnaurs, Seucnobels, saocars, ucxos, saucxooSi gadasuls Tavisi
ucxoobiT...
18
Si~). es striqoni gveubneba, rom `saganTa uariT~ aRbeWdili
realoba ara mxolod siucxoviT, aramed, Cveul saganTa
simZimis sapirispirod, simsubuqiT ecxadeba mas.
Tavi movuyaroT `xelovnebis yvavilebidan~ amokrefil
ocnebebs raime ganmartebis da amocnobis mcdelobis ga-
reSe. isini TavisTavad, ukomentarodac, unda gvisuraTeb-
dnen miwier saganTa miRma arsebul realobas:

`sdgas gayinulTa ocnebaT kreba~ (XIII); `ocneba Cumi

da fermixdili~ (XLV); `ahyve ocnebiT marmarilos Tlil
safexurebs~ (XXI); `atmis xe Slili ocnebas hgavda~ (XXII);
`ocneba! Sen warsuls vedrebiT SesZaxeb, rom isev ainTos
ucnobi lampari...~ (XXIX); `miTxar, maCuqe ocnebaT kreba~
(XXVIII); `gaTavda, ganelda, gaCumda zRapari! ocneba! Sen
warsuls vedrebiT SesZaxeb~ (XXIX); `roca SuriviT iZvris
ocneba~ (XXXI); `da landebi Cqarobden ocnebebis kideze~
(LXXV); `ocnebobs mTvaris siTeTreSi viT qandakeba~
(LXXVI); `da daqrian fardebSi ocnebebaT aSlili~ (LXXVIII);
`ocneba ferflze, mzeze, wvimaze~ (LXXVII); `oh! ra ocneba
iyo CemTvis aseTi xmebi!~ (LXII); `oh! Aamdeni ocneba sulma
veRar dalia~ (LXV); `da ocneba miqarva...~ (LXVI); `masze
ocnebas daemgvaneba~ (LXVII).

O cneba poeturi xilvebis, Semoqmedebis wiaRia da,

o
imavdroulad, Tavad Semoqmedebaa, oRond ara qmedeba,
ara Zalisxmeva, aramed erTgvarad pasiuri mdgomare-
oba, rogorc uqmoba, mocaleoba, romelic `vefxistyaos-
nis~ avtoris TqmiT, mijnurobis aucilebeli atribu-
tia siymesTan erTad. magram, rasac poeti mijnurobaze
laparakobs, Sairobasac exeba. Sairobac iseTive mocale-
obaa, rogorc mijnuroba. mxolod mocaleobaSi eZleva
adamians ocneba, STagoneba, xilva.
Oocnebis monaTesavea `sizmari~, `zmaneba~ (zRaparTan
erTad), `xelovnebis yvavilebis~kidev erTi sakvanZo
sityva, romelic aseve adamianis pasiur mdgomareobas
gulisxmobs:
19
 `Cemi cxovrebis gza sizmaria~ (XV); `aSrialdeba uSores
zRaprad. zRapari igi maTrobs da mxiblavs~ (XXX); `oh! ne-
tavi ar Seirxeodes gadazneqili sizmrebis weli~ (XIII); `Tu
sizmarma viT Seisxa cidan camde frTebi da gaSala ocneba-
Ta lurji ialqnebi~ (XXXIV); `Cveni sizmrebis sidiadeSi~
(XLIV); `garinddeba mdinare (es aragvi, zmaneba), yvelafe-
ri ucnaur mosvlas daegvaneba~ (LIII); `SeRamda. me waval iq,
sadac sizmrebi wignebSi dardoben daxuWul TvalebiT~
(LXX); `daedevneba bavSvebs sizmarSi~ (LXXVII); `xSirad
momefarebis Cemi kargi zmaneba~; `magram nacnobi zmaneba
brolis~ (LXIII); `suli eZaxis im uCinar tyves, visac siz-
mrebSi uxsnian bages~ (LXX); `me moval, me moval, me moval –
sizmari~ (LXXI); `mokluli viyav ucxo zmanebiT~ (LXXXIV).

`xelovnebis yvavilebi~ ocnebisa da zmanebaTa wignia,

magram mis samyaros poetisTvis Sveba ar moaqvs. is elo-
da, elis yoveldRiuri yofis feriscvalebas, ocnebis
SuqiT mis gasxivosnebas, magram amaod. wigni sevdiania,
metic, tragikulic. erTi leqsis sazRvrebSic ki erTma-
neTs enacvleba ocneba da saganTa samyaro, da vgrZnobT
am Seusabamobas. EerT `avtobiografiul~ leqsSi is ambobs:
`me movedi Tavmdabali sevdiani wigniT…~*. es sevdianoba (da
ufro meti sxvac) ukve poetur STagonebas aRar exeba, igi
poetis bunebis Sinagan, ara yofiT-empiriul SemTxveva-
Tagan gamowveul gancdebze migvaniSnebs. wuxili Rrmaa,
mis sirRmes xuTnawiliani leqsis (LXXXIV `gzaSi~) pirveli
nawilis es strofi amxels:
Llurji aCrdili cxel haerSi dgas,
ismis nacnobi JrJola simindis,
zuzuni gaaqvs ubinao skas… –
oh! samudamod dawyevlil sindiss.
* Tumca Tavmdablobas momdevno striqoni ar eTanxmeba: `da meoce saukunis
SemovaRe kari~. ras gulisxmobs aq `karis SemoReba~, bunebrivia, leqsSi da-
zustebuli ver iqneba. Yyovel SemTxvevaSi, poeti epoqis araTu warmomadgen-
lad, aramed mesayvired miiCnevs Tavs, risi gamoxatulebac sxva leqsSi (`wiwa-
murSi rom mohkles ilia~) axali epoqis Tanamdevi Tu mauwyebeli `xelovnebis
yvavilebia~.
20
 suls enatreba Zveli zRapari!
warsuli wminda iyo am qalis –
rogorc sofelSi samreklos zari,
rogorc yanebSi elva namgalis.
rodis movida codvebis grova
da jojoxeTi... miTxari, rodis?
Ddabrunda suli da veRar hpova
rame, garda gzis da civi lodis.

`A dawyevlili sindisi~, siwmindis monatreba, `codve-

bis grova~, `civi lodi~ – `xelovnebis yvavilebis~ meore,
araTu sevdiani, tragikuli plastis gasaRebia. cnebebi
da realiebi, rogoricaa codva, SeSliloba, liuciferi
(serafimTa sapirispirod), `umizezo wvaleba~, `yornebis
saubari~, `Seunde bnel-codvils~, landebi da moCveneba-
ni, kubo, `yofna umzeo~, – da , bolos, mTlianad krebulis
damasrulebeli ori leqsi `SiSi~ da `domino~. aRsaniSnavi
is aris, rom infernaluri xilva-suraTebi da gancdebi oc-
nebis leqsebisgan ganuyofelia, es ori erTmaneTTan Seu-
rigebeli realoba rogorc mTel krebulSi, ise TiToeul
leqsSi erTmaneTis gverdiT myofobs. isini erTmaneTs
ucnaurad emsWvalvian. Oocneba/sizmari da gardaqmnil
saganTa simsubuqe da gamWvirvaloba meocnebisTvis (es
sityva `xelovnebis yvavilebSi~ poetis sinonimia) wamie-
ria da efemeruli, Tumca WeSmariti realobis Semcveli.
Mmeocnebe myofobs msubuqi ocnebisa da mZime sagnobrivi
samyaros mijnaze. ocnebaSi metafizikuri samyaros anu
miRma-soflis xedi iSleba, romlis realiebi mxolod sim-
boluri, uCveulo eniT Tu gadmoicema. saganTa samyaro,
mZime da qvedaziduli, uxeSi waxnagebiT, eksistencialu-
ri sferoa, romelTanac mas, rogorc munmyof adamians,
uxdeba yoveldRiuri Sexeba. mudmiv dramatizms qmnis am
soflis farglebSi darCenis, gaZlebis, SeuZlebloba da
Mocnebis efemeruloba. romeli soflis mkvidria `xelov-
nebis yvavilebis~ meocnebe gmiri? rogoria misi arsebo-
21
ba? berdiaevi `TviTSemecnebaSi~ (filosofiur avtobio-
grafiaSi) laparakobs am sofelSi Tavis Caufesvelobaze
(неукоренность в мире) da kidev, rom mas ar ucxovria sxvaTa
msgavs samyaroSi, mxolod Tavs aCvenebda, TiTqos sazoga-
do cxovrebis monawile iyo. galaktionis analogiuri, gan-
gebisad simulaciuri cxovrebis es momenti, SesaZloa, jer
kidev ar Canda `xelovnebis yvavilebis~ epoqaSi. ocnebisa
da yoveldRiuri yofis SeuTavseblobam mis cxovrebaSi
mogvianebiT iCina Tavi. Ggalaktionis yofiTi umweoba da
xSirad araadeqvaturi, ufro sworad, araordinaruli, pa-
suxebi piradi Tu sazogadoebrivi cxovrebis gamowvevebze
sayovelTaod cnobilia. yvelgan Sexvdeboda mas kaci, qu-
CaSi Tu sazeimo Sexvedrebze, duqnebSi Tu gamomcemlo-
bebSi, akademiaSi Tu saavadmyofoSi, bazarSi, baRSi, nebis-
mier dawesebulebaSi, xidis Tavsa da boloSi... is yvelgan
iyo, magram, rogorc ubinaos, arsad Ruza ar hqonda CaS-
vebuli; iricxeboda mweralTa kavSiris rigebSi, magram ar
iyo maTSi gareuli. hyolia odesme megobari, gulis mesa-
idumle? Aan odesme yvarebia vinme? A(aseTi kiTxvac dabade-
bula mis mimarT); hyavda coli, arc hyavda; iyo qmari, arc
iyo…... anTu vinme TanamedroveTa Soris, sakuTari Tavis
garda, miaCnda poetad? romeli iyo misi namdvili xma, ro-
dis laparakobda is Tavisi bunebrivi da rodis sagangebod
gamogonebuli xmiT? misi `dRiuri prozis~ metyveli mow-
meni misi dRiurebi da uricxvi Canawerebia, sadac mas yo-
veldRiurobaSi Tavisive nebiT gaTanguls vxedavT…... er-
Txel ki mouwodebs leqsiTac `dro, dro aRniSne, moawere
leqss~, magram ra fasi hqonda misTvis yoveldRiurobas, es
striqonebi amxels: `yoveldRe modis axali talRa, myvi-
rala, susti da dRevandeli~. amiT yvelaferi naTqvamia...…
galaktionis arseboba amqveynad xmeleTze mosiarule
geds gvagonebs.
gavimeoroT da davasruloT zemoT damowmebuli fra-
za erTi kerZo werilidan: `mSvenieri cxovreba me ocneba-
Si ganvicade…... da rac ocnebebSi gangicdia mTeli arsebiT,
22
sinamdvileSi mas eqneba raime fasi?~ marTlac, ra saerTo
unda hqonoda mis aRqmaSi ocnebis sinamdviles sagnobriv
sinamdvilesTan?
Tu movisurvebT misi ocnebis qveynis warmodgenas sa-
xeebSi, isev da isev mis avtors unda mivmarToT, rogorc
gadmoscems Tavad igi isev da isev amqveynad Seqmnili efe-
meruli sityvebiT, romelTac maradiuli zesinamdvilis
gamoxatva daekisraT. erT CanawerSi vkiTxulobT:
`Sors dausrulebel silaJvardeSi mosCans saTayvane-
beli landi beatriCesi, mudmivad sasurveli da mudam mi-
uRweveli ideali, ciuri, RvTaebrivi, silamaze, haerovani,
usxeulo landi Soreul qalis, Seqmnili sinaTlisa, alis
da surnelebisagan, Rrubeli, ocneba, angelosTa qveynis
anarekli~.

P.S. politikurad aJitirebuli azri poetis aRsasru-

lis mizezad imxanad gamefebul reJims miiCnevs. reJimis-
gan daTrgunuli sazogadoeba ki Tavis wil pasuxismgeb-
lobas xedavs mis bedSi (`ver movuareT, ver movefereT.……..~).
Ees gavrcelebuli Sexeduleba galaktionis mimarT zeda-
pirulia. marTalia, araadamianurma sabWoTa Sinaurma po-
litikam uaryofiTi daRi daasva uamisodac totalistu-
rad ganwyobili adamianebis, masebis, mentalitets, magram
Cven poetis pirovnebaze vlaparakobT, romlis arsebis,
grigol robaqiZis termini rom vixmaroT, `Zira fenebSi~
gareSe Zalam ver CaaRwia da, Sesabamisad, veraviTar gareSe
Zalas (reJimisgan privilegiebi mas ar moklebia) misi xsna
ar SeeZlo. pirovneba avtonomiuria da mudam aseTad rCeba,
is intensiuri Sinagani cxovrebiT cxovrobs. is mZafrad
ganicdis yofierebis autanlobas, mis sagnobriv simZimes.
da Tu igi TviTmkvlelobiT amTavrebs sicocxles, mize-
zi arsebobis SiSia. Aan es aris gaqceva arsebobis SiSisgan,
gausaZlisi martoobisgan, rac misi bedisweraa, da Cven
misi es bediwera mis poeziasTan erTad unda SeviwynaroT.
Aam ukanaskneli aqtiT, romelic TavisTavad saidumloeb-
23
rivia, TiTqos man gaxsna Tavisi eksistencia, magram bo-
lomde amoucnobad, ucnobad darCa.
cxovreba Aadamianisa, romelic ambobda, rom `Zafi
nervis ar aris CemSi arapoetiso~, – da es metaforuli
hiperbola ar iyo, aramed mTeli arsebiT gancdili re-
aloba, – yvela epoqaSi, yvela sazogadoebaSi, Tundac
srulyofil harmoniulSi, dramatuli da, sabolood,
tragikuli iqneboda. P`poetebis samSobloSi~ galaktioni
aswilad poeti iyo, magram ara mxolod. am `Zafis ner-
vma~, romelmac mas `poetTa mefis~ dideba moutana, da-
angria misi, rogorc yofiTi adamianis, fsiqikac da
normaluri cxovrebis wesi. ukiduresad gaamZafra misi
damokidebuleba ocnebis SuqiT danaxuli realobisadmi.
misi pirovnebis am yovlismomcvelma nervma gadafara misi
sisxlic ki, romelzec ambobda, rom wveTic ar iyo masSi
araqarTuli. vis SeuZlia Tqvas, rom igi Tavis yofaSi,
yoveldRiurobaSi, urTierTobaSi, tipiur qarTvelobas
avlenda?* misi qarTuli sisxli, misi qarTveloba ar iyo
empiriuli, is `metafizikuri~ iyo, romlis sruli ma-
nifestacia `xelovnebis yvavilebis~ momdevno periodSi
moxda. visac is SegviZlia SevadaroT Tavisi mouwyobeli
yofiT, martoobiT, sulieri foriaqiT, oblobiT, `saganTa
uariT~ – es verlenia, Tavisufali sazogadoebis Svili,
magram pirovnulad aseve dawyevlili, romelTanac is
gansakuTrebul sulier siaxloves grZnobda (`xSirad
vigoneb verlens, rogorc daRupul mamas~). maTTvis po-
etoba autaneli bediswera iyo, Mmagram maT Semoqmedebas
sixaruli mohqonda.

P.P.S. Aarasodes didi Semoqmedi srulad Tavis xanas,

warmoidgineT, arc Tavis Tavs ar ekuTvnis. mciredni ki

* grigol robaqiZes wers: `iyo mudam poetur zmanebaSi gadasuli da Tanac

xSirad `kaxuriT~ SezarxoSebuli. (aqa erTi detali: sakvirveli, diaR, sao-
cari qarTvelisaTvis. `kaxurze~ `armwyrali~, igi me erTxelac ar minaxavs
nadimze da arc msmenia, rodisme elxinos mas: Cveneburad, qarTvelurad. Dda
es saqarTveloSi: da es tfilisSi!)~ (robaqiZe 2012: 291).
24
maT Soris amovardnilni arian Tanadroulobidan. aseTia
nikoloz baraTaSvili, `dawyevlili yrma~, rogorc is
`mTawmindis mTvaris~ erT-erT variantSi ixsenieba: `da-
wyevlili yrmas aq uyvarda oblad siaruli~. Aaq Oobloba ara
mxolod mis martosul pirovnebas, aramed mis unikalur
poeziasac miemarTeba. vinmes mis moyvarulTa da axlo-
belTagan Tu esmoda misi poezia? Tu gvsmenia grigol
orbelianisa an imJamindeli korifeebis piriT (diaxac
arsebobdnen aseTni Tundac dangreul qveyanaSi, rogoric
saqarTvelo iyo) misi leqsebis Sefaseba an dafaseba?
Qqveynis katastrofis meore dRes dawyevlili (an sxva va-
riantiT `usafari~) yrmis poezias araferi esaqmeboda, is
adgils ver hpovebda TanamedroveTa gulebSi. bunebri-
via, mecxramete saukunis poezia misi gziT ver wavidoda,
qveynisa da sazogadoebis winaSe sxva gamowvevebi iyo.
misi poezia, rogorc Rrmad pirovnul-eksistencialuri
Zaxili, namdvilad `garemoebis sayviri~ ar yofila. ase-
ve sxva amocanebi iyo qveyanaSi, roca 1914 wels Wabuki
galaktionis leqsebi gamoCnda; gamoCnda rogorc kvirti,
romelic xuTi wlis Semdeg arnaxul yvavilad gaiSala.
1919 welsac xom araviTari niSani ar Canda imisa, rom po-
eziis paladinebSi Crâne aux fleurs artistiques-is msgavsi wignis
raime saxiT molodini yofiliyo. A

damowmebani:

doiaSvili 2014: doiaSAvili T. `wigni – mTlianoba~. galaktionologia.

VII. Tbilisi: 2014.
robaqiZe 2012: robaqiZe gr. nawerebi. w. IV. Tbilisi: 2012.
sanikiZe 1996: sanikiZe T. galaktion tabiZis enis leqsikoni. w. YV.
Tbilisi: Tsu gamomcemloba, 1996.
werediani 2002: werediani d. `musika upirveles yovlisa~. galaktiono-
logia, I. Tbilisi: 2002.
javaxaZe 2013: javaxaZe v. ucnobi. Tbilisi: gamomcemloba `inteleqti~,
2013.
25
bela wifuria

„artistuli yvavilebis“ saqarTvelo

rogorc konteqsti

galaktion tabiZis leqsebis wigni „artistuli yvavi-

lebi“ qarTul enobriv-kulturul arealSi simbolizmis
da, zogadad, maRali modernizmis esTetikis genialur
realizaciad miiCneva. qarTuli enobrivi potenciali
da kulturul-esTetikuri tradicia Tanadroul evro-
pul/msoflio kulturul konteqstTan uwinaresad am
wignis meSveobiT sinqronizdeba. is mizani, romlis for-
mulirebac cisferyanwelebma moaxdines – qarTuli po-
eziis gamarTva „msoflio radiusiT“ – poeturi miRwe-
vebis universaluri gagebiT swored galaktion tabiZis
„artistuli yvavilebis“ meSveobiT Sesrulda. msgavsi
wignebi ar iqmneba Sesabamisi kulturuli/socialuri
konteqstis gareSe. „cisferi yanwebis“ jgufuri saqmiano-
bis Sedegad, swored am wlebSi, qarTul sociumSi gazi-
arebuli iqna kulturuli modernizaciisa da evropeiza-
ciis suliskveTeba da gavrcobili iqna evropuli mo-
dernizmis konteqstTan erTianobis gancda. Tumca indi-
vidualur poetur miRwevad am tendencias, upiratesad,
is qarTveli simbolisti poeti – galaktion tabiZe
gardasaxavs, romelic ar aris jgufis wevri, pirveli
gamocemis Semdeg aRar aris CarTuli maT aqtivobebSi,
magram, cxadia, CarTulia erTian kulturul situaci-
aSi. galaktioni, rogorc amas interteqstualuri kavSi-
rebic cxadyofs, imaze metad urTierTqmedebs cisfer-
yanwelebTan, Tavisi Taobis simbolist poetebTan, vid-
re es maTi gamocemebisa (erTi mxriv, cisferyanwelebis,
meore mxrv ki galaktionis mier momzadebuli periodu-
li organoebis) da sajaro aqtivobebis safuZvelze Se-
iZleboda gvefiqra. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom galaktionis

26
leqsebis wigni uSualo Sedegia cisferyanwelebTan kul-
turuli dialogisa da konkurenciisa. axal did wignSi
TavianTi epoqis kulturuli realizebis molodins
vxvdebiT cisferyanwelebTan. „artistuli yvavilebi“,
romelic mTels Semdgom aswleulSi qarTvelebis mier
Tanamedrove qarTuli poeziis did wignad iqneba miCne-
uli, am wlebSi marTlac Seiqmna. qarTuli literaturis
mravalsaukunovani diaqronuli tradicia da evropuli
modernizmis sinqronuli kulturuli konteqsti urTi-
erTqmedebs „artistuli yvavilebis“ esTetikur samyaro-
Si. magram Tuki am wigns uSualod mis Tanadroul qar-
Tul realobas SevusabamebT, davinaxavT, rom im drois
saqarTvelos kulturuli, istoriuli, socialuri siv-
rce qmnis niadags msgavsi wignisTvis. sami mniSvnelovani
faqtori amzadebs am niadags: wina aTwleulebSi qarTve-
li samocianelebis saqmianobiT miRweuli Sedegebi; uSu-
alo Tanamedroveebis, pirvel rigSi, cisferyanwelebis
saqmianoba; saqarTvelos suverenitetisa da nacionaluri
TviTidentifikaciis erTiani suliskveTeba.
galaktion tabiZis rigiT meore leqsebis wigni, „Crâne
aux fleurs artistiques“ – „Tavis qala artistuli yvavilebiT“,
an, ubralod, „artistuli yvavilebi“ – 1919 wlis april-
Si gamoicema da 1914-1919 wlebSi Seqmnili teqstebisgan
Sedgeba. Sesabamisad, am teqstebis Tanadrouli istori-
uli da kulturuli realoba moicavs ruseTis imperiis
SemadgenlobaSi yofnis bolo wlebs da saqarTvelos Ta-
visuflebis wlebsac. am droisTvis, socialuri ganviTa-
rebis TvalsazrisiT, qarTul sociums ukve gamovlili
aqvs samocianelTa sazogadoebrivi da saganmanaTleblo
moRaweobis aTwleulebi da miRweulia maTi Sesabamisi
Sedegebi.
qarTvelTa erTianobis ideis, erTiani identobis gan-
msazRvrelad ilia sagangebod asaxelebs enobriv faqtors
da saubrobs enobriv-saazrovno sivrcis mTlianobis mniS-
vnelobaze RirebulebiTi da kulturul-nacionaluri
27
erTianobis misaRwevad. cxadia, es mTlianoba, uwinaresad,
teqstis, wignis meSveobiT iqmneba da ara mxolod warsu-
lis memkvidreobasTan Tanaziarobas, aramed eris mier
axali teqstebis producirebis unars gulisxmobs. Tuki
unda gaerTiandnen qarTvelebi, visac „erTisa da igive
eniT WirSi uglovnia, lxinSi umxiarulnia, da romelic
dResac erTisa da igive eniT – Tu arafers akeTebs – Ta-
vis moZmes mainc abezRebs RmerTTanaca da kacTanaca“ (Wav-
WavaZe1991: 164). iliaseuli satiris fonze igulisxmeba,
rom gaerTianebis SemTxvevaSi, garda dabezRebisa, maT am
enis SemoqmedebiTi potencialis realizebac unda SeZ-
lon. Tavad iliasa da akakis literaturuli teqstebi,
da ilias mierve kulturul mimoqcevaSi Semotanili ni-
koloz baraTaSvilis poezia, axalgazrda galaktion
tabiZisTvis SemoqmedebiTi sayrdenia. Tumca enobrivi da
kulturul-esTetikuri sivrcis erTianobis Tvalsaz-
risiT gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovani is teqstebia, rasac
misi uSualo Tanamedroveebi qmnian da rac cocxal Se-
moqmedebiT process amTlianebs.
samocianelTa Taobis msoflmxedvelobrivi da sazo-
gadoebrivi saqmianobis uSualo Sedegia ganaTlebis pri-
oritetuloba. maT mier ganxorcielebuli Rirebule-
biTi arCevanis da qarTvelTa Soris wera-kiTxvis gamav-
rcelebeli sazogadoebis praqtikuli saqmianobis Sede-
gad ganaTlebis miReba sazogadoebaSi sayovelTaod ga-
ziarebul saWiroebad iTvleba. rogorc vrwmundebiT, ara
mxolod adgilobrivi saswavleblis (gimnazia, seminaria)
dasruleba, aramed saerTaSoriso (rusuli an evropuli)
sauniversiteto ganaTlebis miRebac 1910-iani wlebis
axalgazrdobis miswrafebaa. am mizniT ara mxolod oja-
xebi gaiReben xarjebs, qarTuli sazogadoebac axdens
saxsrebis mobilizebas axalgazrdebis ganaTlebisaTvis.
mTavaria, ganaTleba ar iTvleba elitis upiratesobad da
demokratiuli wreebisTvis xdeba prioriteti. umamod
gazrdili axalgazrda poetis msgavsi survilic mxolod
28
misi gansakuTrebuli monacemebiT rodi aixsneba.1 Cven
vxedavT, rom Tavis garemocvaSi galaktions gamoarCevs
ara Tu ganaTlebis miRebis survili, aramed is, rom
sxvebze ufro gvian aisrulebs sawadels: qarTveli
axalgazrdebi ruseTisa da, ukve, evropis umaRles sas-
wavleblebSi gaemgzavrnen, galaktioni ki 1914 wels qu-
TaisSia da sasowarkveTil werilebs iwereba.2 1915 wels
is saTavadaznauro banks mimarTavs misi ganaTlebis da-
finansebis TxovniT.3
roca „artistuli yvavilebi“ mzaddeba, ilia WavWava-
Zisa da misi Taobis publicisturi da sazogadoebrivi
saqmianobis Sedegad realurad ganxorcielebulia mo-
dernuli istoriuli epoqis Sesabamisi axali qarTuli
nacionaluri identobis Seqmnis amocana (nacvlad medi-
evaluri epoqis feodaluri identobisa).4 marTalia,
1914 wlisTvis qarTveli xalxi da misi samosaxlo kvlav
ruseTis imperiis SemadgenlobaSia, magram SeiZleba iT-
qvas, rom es xalxi ukve Semdgaria, rogorc warmosaxviTi
erToba, warmosaxviTi sazogadoeba (b. andersoniseuli
gagebiT),5 maT mier aRdgenili da gacnobierebulia sa-
qarTvelo Tavis warmosaxviT sazRvrebSi. Tuki naxeva-
ri saukuniT adre ilia wuxs, rom mis xalxSi araferia
„sayovelTao“, ar aris „qarTvelis“, rogorc „sayovelTao
saxelis“, aRqma6 da dakargulia „SemkreblobiTi, dide-
buli erTiani azri, romelsac yoveli Cvengani qarTve-
lobaSi unda xedavdes“,7 1910-iani wlebis saqarTveloSi,
swored iliasa da misi Taobis moRvaweobis Sedegad, Cven
vxedavT, rom Semdgaria nacionaluri konsolidacia, gac-
nobierebulia erTiani warsulis safuZvelze saerTo mo-
mavlis Seqmnis amocana. rac mTavaria, nacionaluri idea,
rogorc modernul epoqas Seesabameba, ara elitis, aramed
farTo wreebis mier aris gaziarebuli. maSin roca 1860-ian
wlebSi ilia wers, rom sxvadasxva kuTxis Svilebs ara aqvT
erTiani qarTuli identoba (daZaxilze „qarTvelo“ ara-
vin moixedavs), mecxramete saukunis bolos akaki wereTe-
29
li ufro saimedo metaforas qmnis: „Canguri saqarTveloa,
/ simebi Cven varT yvelao, / sxvadasxva kuTxis mcxovrebi“
(„naTela“, 1897), Tumca ki amave teqstSi aRniSnavs, rom
isini mainc „cal-calke“ mRerian. meoce saukunis dasa-
wyisSi ki dutu megrelis leqsSi „me patara qarTveli var“
(1902) „sayvareli saqarTvelo“ gamocxadebulia erTian
sivrced, misi yvela kuTxe erTnairad aris „samSoblo“
patara (axali Taobis, axali cnobierebis) qarTvelis-
Tvis. realurad, am droisTvis samSoblo ruseTis imperi-
is sazRvrebSia, magram am leqsidanac CvenTvis naTelia,
Tu ramdenad warmatebulia ukve qarTvelTa koleqtiur
warmodgenaSi saqarTvelos sazRvrebis SemosazRvris,
anu warmosaxviTi saqarTvelos Seqmnis iliaseuli idea.
amitom SemTxveviTi ar aris, rom „artistul yvavi-
lebSic“, leqsSi „dabruneba“ (1918), galaktion tabiZe sa-
kuTar samSoblod aRiqvams saqarTvelos erTian sivrces,
romelsac aqvs saerTo sulieri centri, mcxeTa: „lixs
aqiT da iqiT, mtkvars, liaxvs da faziss, / arqmeven udab-
nod gadaSlil oaziss, / sadac mze mwvelia, cxelia dare-
bi, / mcxeTaSi grialiT miqrian zarebi“ (tabiZe 2016: 155).
TviT simbolisti poeti, romelic am wignSi acxadebs, rom
misi SemoqmedebiTi sauflo Tavad usazRvroebaa, rom mis
„samSoblos da samflobelos ar aqvs sazRvari“ (ix. „poeti
brboSi“, 1916. iqve: 65), mainc aRiqvams erTian saqarTvelos
fizikuri da sulieri dabrunebis sivrced, sayrdenad ma-
terialur samyaroSi.8
am momentisTvis saqarTvelos ukve gacxadebuli aqvs
suverenul er-saxelmwifod damkvidrebis neba, rac swo-
red samocianelTa mier realizebuli nacionaluri kon-
solidaciis proeqtis Sedegia.
„artistuli yvavilebi“ iwereba im wlebSi, roca qar-
Tvelebi emzadebian suverenitetisTvis da aRweven kidec
mas. 1914 wlidan, pirveli msoflio omis fonze, rogorc
Cans, qarTvelebi Sinaganad Eelian cvlilebebs. niSan-
doblivia, rom politikur wreebze metad es ganwyobebi
30
ikiTxeba swored sazogadoebriv, da sakuTriv, salitera-
turo wreebSi. rogorc ufrosi, aseve axalgazrda Taobis
qarTveli poetebi imedianad akvirdebian movlenebis gan-
viTarebas da fiqroben Tavisufal, evropul momavalze.
naTelia, rom es molodini aerTianebs, erTi mxriv – sa-
mocianelebs, meore mxriv ki – modernistebs: samocianel-
Ta lideris – akaki wereTlis imedebs mixeil javaxiSvili
sagangebod moigonebs didi poetis gamosaTxovar werilSi,
1915 wels da amiT sakuTar fiqrebsac cxadyofs. pirveli
msoflio omis fonze mxcovani poeti elis sakuTari sam-
Soblos ganTavisuflebas ruseTisagan, imedovnebs, rom
RmerTi misTvis oriode wlis sicocxlesac gamoimetebs
da amas moaswrebs: `iqneba msoflio Weqa-quxilSi Cveni be-
dis zarmac Camohkras… iqneba saerTo ali rom Caqreba, Cve-
ni sanTelic ainToso“ (javaxiSvili 2001: 475). tician tabi-
Ze ki Jurnal „cisfer yanwebSi“ acxadebs: „rogorc ar un-
da gaTavdes omi, aSkaraa, rom wina aziaSi evropa SemoaRebs
karebs da am dros Cven unda davxvdeT SeWurvili erovnuli
SemecnebiT, erovnuli kulturis yvela folaqeb Sekruli,
rom iyos mTavari morgvi, romelzec moexveva axali ide-
ebi“ (tabiZe 1916: 26). politikuri da kulturuli cvli-
lebebis molodini, qarTuli nacionaluri ideisa da pro-
gresis evropuli ideebis sinTezi, tradiciuli „qarTuli
sityvisa“ da „evropis prezentizmisa da futurizmis“
Sexvedra (iqve) – 1916 wlis gazafxulze am xedviT iwyebs
galaktion tabiZis Taoba moqmedebas. maT aerTianebT sa-
qarTvelos aRorZinebis, „qarTuli renesanis“ molodini,
rac gaxmiandeba tician tabiZis, giorgi leoniZis, grigol
robaqiZis, geronti qiqoZis essebSi. amave dros, naTeli
xdeba, rom qarTuli ideis realizacia, „namdvili renesan-
si“ am Taobis warmodgenaSi ukavSirdeba eris kulturul
TviTreprezentacias, esTetikuri SesaZleblobebis axal
simaRleze ayvanas, xalxis mier farTod gaziarebuli kul-
turuli Rirebulebebis Seqmnas. entoni d. smitis mixed-
viTac, saerTo, masis mier gaziarebuli kultura naciona-
31
luri identobis erT-erTi fundamenturi maxasiaTebelia
(smiti 1993: 14). amave dros, nacionaluri identobis ar-
sebobis sivrceebad smiti erTdroulad warmoidgens ro-
gorc politikur, ise kulturul erTobas (smiti 1993: 99).
marTlac, roca qarTvelebi ayalibeben suverenul poli-
tikur erTobas, Cndeba saWiroeba kulturuli erTobis
gamomsaxveli axali niSansvetisa. saqarTvelos demokra-
tiuli respublikis pirobebSi, rogorc ki qveyana aRwevs
suverenitets da erovnuli TviTgamorkvevis amocana Ses-
rulebulad iTvleba, iwyeba fiqri am procesis esTeti-
kur, SemoqmedebiT miRwevad gardasaxvaze, rac namdvili
„gvirgvini“ unda gaxdes erovnuli optimizmiT aRsavse
erisTvis. swored qarTvel simbolist poetTa wreSi Cnde-
ba molodini axali didi wignisa, romelic iseTive logi-
kuri miRweva unda gaxdes modernul epoqaSi TviTreali-
zebuli saqarTvelosTvis, rogoric medievaluri epoqis
saqarTvelosTvis iyo „vefxistyaosani“. 1919 wels cis-
feryanwelTa axali Jurnali „meocnebe niamorebi“ swored
am suliskveTebas gvamcnobs. Salva afxaiZe msjelobs qar-
Tuli poeziis perspeqtivebze da wers: „saqarTvelom naxa
Tavisi Tavi. da politikur aRorZinebasTan erTad daiwyo
qarTuli xelovnebis renesansic. saqarTvelom unda daim-
kvidros Tavisi Tavi kulturulad. SemTxveviTi araa, rom
ganTavisuflebul saqarTveloSi xelovnebis renesansis
sadave axalma Skolam – simbolizmma daikava xelSi. igi sxva
gzas ver airCevda. [...] universalurad ganviTarebuli sa-
qarTvelo rusTvelis mowyvetilma sityvam daagvirgvina.
aseTive gvrigviniT unda Seamkos ganTavisuflebuli saqar-
Tvelo axalma Skolam – simbolizmma“ (afxaiZe 1919: 9). am
molodins valerian gafrindaSvilic gaamyarebs da mo-
dernuli epoqis saqarTvelos esTetikuri TviTrealiza-
ciis formatad amjerad ara medievalur literaturul
gvars, eposs, aramed, evropuli modernistuli kulturu-
li tendenciis Sesabamisad, lirikas miiCnevs: „qarTuli
poezia jer eposiT amayobs, magram dgeba sabediswero wami,
32
rodesac qarTuli poezia, rogorc salomeia, moiTxovs
ioqanaanis mokveTil Tavs“ (gafrindaSvili 1919: 14).
qarTveli simbolisti poetebis es winaswarmetyveleba
swored 1919 wels axdeba – ufro zustad, gamarTldeba
maTi xedva kulturuli, socialuri, nacionaluri ganvi-
Tarebis logikisa, romelic Tavisuflebis, evropeizaci-
is, TviTganaxlebisa da TviTrealizaciis koleqtiur mis-
wrafebebs kulturuli miRwevebis saxiT warmoaCens. na-
Telia, rom qarTuli kulturis ganviTarebis tendencia
evropul konteqstTan, Tanadrouli msoflios aqtualur
esTetikur miRwevebTan TanxmobiT unda iqnes gavrcobi-
li da es simbolizmis/modernizmis enis qarTul sityvas-
Tan sinTeziT, meore mxriv ki, qarTveli adamianis mier
modernuli mgrZnobelobis gaziarebiT esaxebaT SesaZ-
leblad: „saqarTvelo mdidaria ucxo ferebiT, ganebivre-
bulia surnelovan xmebiT. simbolizmma daisaxa miznad
maTi gacxoveleba. misTvis saWiroa surnelovani feri da
mdidari xma, rogorc iaraRi xelovnur tanjvisa da Semoq-
medebisa. ferisa da xmis sintezi sityvaSi ikvanZeba. ami-
tom, aqedan iwyeba istoria qarTuli sityvis Ziebisa. igi
(sityva) droTa ganmavlobaSi cxraklitulSi iyo Camwy-
vdeuli. sityva ganZarcvuli iyo im Zvirfas ganZebidan,
rac mas rusTvelma SesTavaza. „cisferi yanwebidan“ iwye-
ba organiuli gasalaSineba sityvisa, misi esTetiuri fa-
seulebis aRdgena. xma iRebs Tavisebur saxes, damoukide-
bel arsebobis uflebas. Cven ar gvawuxebs motorebis da
qarxnebis xmauri, ar gvabrmavebs eleqtronis sxivebi. mag-
ram es ar niSnavs, rom qarTvelis fsixika ar garTulebu-
liyos. mis suls ar mieRos nerviuli saxe. gaizarda ganc-
daTa sfero. daibada axali grZnobani. axali sityva saWiro
iyo uCveulo emociebis gadmosacemad“ (afxaiZe 1919: 9).
cisferyanwelebma zustad gansazRvres is winapiro-
bebi, rac axal kulturul miRwevas, axal did wigns unda
dasdeboda safuZvlad: qarTvelTa nacionaluri konsoli-
dacia, saqarTvelos saxelmwifoebrioba, qarTuli kultu-
33
ris CarTva evropul kulturul konteqstSi, simbolizmis
esTetikis aTviseba da qarTuli sityvis „esTetiuri
faseulobis aRdgena“, lirikis formatSi am potencialis
realizacia. garkveulwilad ar gamarTlda mxolod is
bolomde gamouTqmeli, Tumca naTlad nagulisxmevi ime-
di, rom amgvari didi wigni uSualod maTi dajgufebis
farglebSi Seiqmneboda. galaktion tabiZe aris maTive
Taobis warmomadgeneli, jgufis bevri aqtivobis monawi-
lec, maTTan naTesaurad da megobrulad dakavSirebuli
poeti. cxadia, am wlebSi isic muSaobs simbolizmis far-
glebSi, magram is ar aris am „ordenis kavaleri“. „cisfe-
ri yanwebis“ dajgufebis wevrebi marTlac gamoscemen
am wlebSi mniSvnelovan wignebs. isini ver gadaswonian
„artistul yvavilebs“, Tumca moicaven maRalmxatvrul
teqstebs da, rac gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania, qmnian
simbolizmis/modernizmis erTian esTetikur konteqsts
saqarTveloSi: tician tabiZis „qaldeas qalaqebi“ ibeW-
deba, rogorc wignis nawilebi („cisferi yanwebis“ pir-
velive nomerSi, 1916 wels, leqsebi warmodgenilia saer-
To saTauriT: wignidan „qaldeas qalaqebi“. am ciklis
leqsebi Semdgom periodul gamocemebSic ibeWdeba da
gamTlianebulia Tematikis, problematikis, poetikis
TvalsazrisiT); 1919 wels quTaisSi gamoicema valerian
gafrindaSvilis „daisebi“; 1920 wels iqve gamodis kolau
nadiraZis „baldaxini“. ukve gasabWoebul saqarTveloSi
ramdenime wlis manZilze kvlav grZeldeba modernistuli
kulturuli tendencia da gamodis: 1921 wels, quTaisSi,
sandro cirekiZis poeturi prozis wigni „mTvareule-
bi“; TbilisSi gamodis Salva karmelis wignebi: 1921 wels
„babiloni“ da 1924 wels „semiramidas baRi“; amave wels
aqve gamoicema raJden gvetaZis „virebis mesia“; 1926 wels,
TbilisSi, gamova nikolo miwiSvilis „gardacvaleba“.
modernistuli kulturuli tendenciis simZlavreze mi-
uTiTebs, rom lirikis garda TanmimdevrobiT gamodis
qarTuli modernistuli romanebi: konstantine gamsa-
34
xurdias „dionisos Rimili“ (1924), grigol robaqiZis „gve-
lis perangi“ (1926), demna Sengelaias „sanavardo“ (1926).
1926 welsve gamoicema grigol robaqiZis piesebis wigni:
„londa, malStrem. lamara“.
galaktionis Sesaxeb gamokvlevebSi TiTqmis ar aRiniS-
neboda misi Tanadrouli qarTuli modernistuli kul-
turuli garemos roli poetis SemoqmedebiT ganviTa-
rebasa da miRwevebSi. es, erTi mxriv, galaktionis po-
ziciis Sesabamisia: is Tavad cdilobs Tavi aCvenos, an,
SesaZloa, marTlac aRiqvams kidec Tavs saerTo pro-
cesebisagan gamijnulad. Tumca aSkaraa, rom moder-
nizmisadmi/simbolizmisadmi, zogadadevropuli poeziis
konteqstisadmi interesi rogorc uSualod galakti-
onis, ise misi Tanamedrove axalgazrda poetebis – cis-
feryanwelebis urTierTgaziarebuli kulturuli pozi-
ciaa. martosuli geniosi, „martoobis ordenis kavale-
ri“ (t. tabiZe) sruliadac ar aris marto Tavisi Semoq-
medebiTi Ziebebis procesSi. sakuTriv evropuli da
rusuli simbolizmisadmi interesi mas akavSirebs cis-
feryanwelebTan da SemoqmedebiTi dialogis formiT ga-
moxatuli es esTetikuri kavSiri ufro Zlieria, vidre
iqneboda, Tundac, organizaciuli kavSiri.9
dajgufebis aqtivobis pirvelive wels galaktions sir-
Tuleebi eqmneba yvelaze axlobel poetebTan urTierTo-
baSi. 1916 wlis 15 dekembers olia okujavasadmi miweril
werilSi is erTbaSad acxadebs dasrulebulad mis mego-
brobas paolo iaSvilTan, valerian gafrindaSvilTan da,
rac mTavaria, tician tabiZesTan: „samudamod davSordiT
erTmaneTs me da gafrindaSvili da iaSvili. Zalian didi
Cxubi mogvivida da vuTxariT erTmaneTs iseTi sityvebi,
romlebic amis Semdeg daaxlovebis nebas ar mogvcems. me
ar vnanob. [...] tite Turme aq Cemze cotaTi ironiul we-
rilebs iwereba. Finita la comedia!“ (tabiZe 2008: 37-38).10 amave
werilSi Zalian niSandobilivia galaktionis mokle wina-
dadeba, romelSic mTeli misi pirovnuli da SemoqmedebiTi
35
ganwyobebis amokiTxva SegviZlia: „am dReebSi gamova meore
„cisferi yanwebi“. didi ambebia, erTi sityviT...“ (tabiZe
2008: 37-38).
Jurnali, romlis axal nomerSic aRar Seva galakti-
onis leqsebi, rogorc Cans, misi dakvirvebis, dafiqre-
bis, yuradRebis sagania, iseve rogorc dajgufebis
sxva gamocemebi. Temebis, problemebis, esTetikis Tana-
ziarobis TvalsazrisiT Cven winaSea erTiani konteqsti,
romelsac qmnian qarTveli simbolistebi – galaktioni
da cisferyanwelebi.11

SeniSvnebi:

1. Tumca, cxadia, am drosTvis is ukve Semdgaria, rogorc didi

poeti. misi esTetikuri interesebi da kulturuli poziciac, rac
mas simbolizmis konteqstSi moaqcevs, ukve sruliad Camoyalibebu-
lia. es, magaliTad, 1914 wlis werilidanac naTelia: „oh, es mowyena,
mowyena. sxvaTa Soris, aqaurma qalaqis samkiTxvelom bevri axali
wignebi miiRo: mereJkovskis, balmontis, briusovis, viaCes. iva-
novis da sxvebis“ (galaktioni – olia okujavas. ix. tabiZe 2008: 27).
meore mxriv, marTalia, metropoliaSi, Tumca kerZo gamomcemlo-
baSi gamosuli wignebis miReba quTaisis biblioTekaSi, cxadia, qar-
Tul garemoSi gaziarebul modernistul kulturul interesebze
migviTiTebs.
2. `me Zalian guli damwydeba, Tu wels versad ver wavedi, ise
guliT minda, magram ra gavaxerxo? stipendiaze fiqri tyuilia.
sxvafriv ki ar SeiZleba. male zafxulic mova. Camovlen studentebi
da kursistkebi ruseTidan, sazRvargareTidan. aaWreleben mTel
quTaiss. da pirdapir SxamiT agevseba adamians guli maTi cqeriT.
metismetaT Suriani rom ar viyo, SeiZleba mepatiebia yvelasTvis
maTi studentoba da jandabebi, magram~ (galaktioni – olia oku-
javas. 1914 w., 18 Tebervali, saRamo. ix. tabiZe 2008: 19).
3. sanam galaktion tabiZe moskovSi Saniavskis sareJisoro kur-
sebze gaemgzavreba, kote mayaSvilisadmi gancxadebaSi vkiTxu-
lobT: „didad pativcemulo b. kote! bodiSs vixdi TqvenTan. vici,
36
rom imisTana TxovnisTvis, romliTac me Tqven mogmarTavT, pira-
daT TqvenTan molaparakeba iyo saWiro, magram aTasgvari garemo-
ebebi xels miSlis TbilisSi Camosvlaze. saqme is aris, rom momavali
enkenisTvidan moskovSi msurs wasvla Saniavskis kursebze. magram me
uRaribesi mSoblebis Svili var, amitom minda, Txovna mivce Tbili-
sis saT.-azn. banks – stipendiis daniSvnis, an erTdrouli daxma-
rebis Sesaxeb. ar vici mxolod: 1. aris Tu ara Tavisufali stipendia;
2. Tu aris, vis unda mivmarTo daxmarebisTvis, rogor unda mivmarTo,
da saerTod, ar vici, rogor moviqce, nacnobebi sruliad aravin ara
myavs iseTi; 3. rodis unda warmovadgino Txovna da miiReben Tu ara
Cems Txovnas ise, rogorc axalgazrda mwerlisas; 4. Tu stipendia
ara, erTdrouli daxmareba xom mainc momecema? amis mixedviT mog-
marTavT Tqven, b. kote, umorCilesi TxovniT SematyobinoT yove-
live dawvrilebiT – momceT rCeva, Tu rogor moviqce. imedia, Sex-
valT Cems mdgomareobaSi da werils ar daagvianebT. kidev bodiSs
vixdi, rom piradaT ver ginaxuleT da gawuxebT TqvenTvis sruliad
ucnobi pirovneba, magram Tqveni maradis pativismcemeli – g. tabiZe,
1915 w., 25 aprili, q. quTaisi“ (ix. tabiZe 2008: 60-61).
4. entoni d. smiti dasavlur samyaroSi ganasxvavebs medievaluri,
feodaluri epoqis, soflad dasaxlebul sazogadoebebsa da mo-
dernuli urbanuli epoqis evropis sazogadoebebs, romelTac er-
Tiani nacionaluri identobis gancda uyalibdebaT (ix. smiti 1993: 88).
5. benediqt andresoni ers gansazRvravs, rogorc warmosaxviT
politikur erTobas – is erTdroulad warmoisaxeba, rogorc buneb-
riv, memkvidreobiT sazRvrebSi moqceuli da suverenuli erToba.
eri warmosaxviTi fenomenia, radgan TviT yvelaze mcire eris war-
momadgenlebic ki verasodes gaicnoben am eris wevrTa umravleso-
bas, Tumca yoveli maTganis gonebaSi cocxlobs saxe maTi erTobisa
(andersoni 2016: 6). Sesabamisad, roca ilia WavWavaZe qarTvelebs
sTavazobs, warmoisaxon, rom arsebobs maTi erToba, warmosaxviTi
operirebis sagania sazogadoebac, misi bunebrivi (istoriuli) sazR-
vrebic da suverenobac. is axorcielebs koleqtiur warmosaxvaSi
sazogadoebrivi erTobis Seqmnis amocanas, „artistuli yvavile-
bis“ periodSi ki realizdeba politikuri erTobisa da suverenobis
amocanebic.
37
 6. smitic eris gansazRvrisas, pirvel rigSi, swored saxeldebas
miiCnevs amosaval faqtorad – eri „adamianTa saxeldebuli popu-
laciaa“ (smiti 1993: 14).
7. ilia WavWavaZe werilSi „zogierTi ram“ (1866-1876) ambobs: `aba
daiZaxe: qarTvelo-Tqo, Tu Savis zRvidam moyolebuli kaspiis zR-
vamde marto Rip-gadmogdebulis qarTvelis [qarTlelis] metma
Semogxedos vinmem, da Tu gaWirda, iqneba kaxelmac Tavisi sxvili
kiseri Senken moiRrijos, sxvani ki yursac ar gaTxoveben, TiTqo
amaT ar eZaxio, TiTqo isini ki qarTvelebi ar ariano. qarTveli sayo-
velTao saxelia da amaTSi ra aris sayovelTao. is SemkrebelobiTi,
didebuli erTiani azri, romelsac yoveli Cvengani qarTvelobaSi
unda xedavdes, is saxeli, romelic yvelas gverqva, dairRva, Cve-
nis gonebidam amoSra, da qarTveli exla erTis kunWulis [goris
mazris] mcxovrebTa sakuTari kerZoobiTi saxeli-Ra gaxda da ara-
saerTo, sayovelTao mTelis im xalxisa, romelic erTad tanjula,
romelsac qarTvelTa Sesisxlulis istoriis mZime uReli WirSi,
Tu lxinSi, erTad Zmurad uwevnia, romelsac erTisa da igive eniT
WirSi uglovnia, lxinSi umxiarulnia, da romelic dResac erTisa
da igive eniT – Tu arafers akeTebs – Tavis moZmes mainc abezRebs
RmerTTanaca da kacTanaca“ (WavWavaZe1991: 164).
8. niSandoblivia, rom wlebis Semdeg, gasabWoebul saqarTvelo-
Si, leqsSi „mSobliuro Cemo miwav“ (1940) galaktioni kvlav ganam-
tkicebs erTiani saqarTvelos formulas: aq erTiania „aRmosavleT-
dasavleTis“ yvela kuTxe, „raWa-leCxumia SoriT, / axlo – mesxeT-
javaxeTi...“; aq aRar aris SinaaSliloba saqarTvelos kuTxeebs So-
ris, qarTls aRar ganudgeba imereTi. samwuxarod, samocianelTa
droindel formulas amjeradac uwevs amuSaveba, kvlavac imperiul
konteqstSi. galaktioni acxadebs, rom „Cven mxare gvaqvs sakuTari“,
Tumca qarTvelebs kvlav sWirdebaT sakuTari warmosaxviTi samSob-
los SemosazRvra „sami didi okeaniT“ garemoculi sabWoTa sivrcis
farglebSi.
9. galaktionisa da cisferyanwelebis roli da maTi pirvelobis
sakiTxi didi xania ganxilvis sagania qarTul literaturismcod-
neobaSi. rogorc akaki xinTibiZe aRniSnavs naSromSi „galaktioni

38
Tu cisferyanwelebi“ (1992), „galaktioni ukve aTiode novatoruli
lirikuli Sedevris avtori iyo, roca cisferyanwelebi TavianT
jgufs ayalibebdnen, qarTul leqsSi gardatexa manamde moxda, vi-
dre „cisferyanwelTa“ literaturuli gaerTianeba gaformdeboda“
(xinTibiZe 1992: 8). Tumca naTelia, rom kulturuli konteqstis
Secvlisa da ganaxlebis TvalsazrisiT gansakuTrebuli mniSvne-
loba swored cisferyanwelebis erTobliv, jgufur, organizebul
saqmianobas hqonda. pirvelobis dilema SeiZleba Canacvldes dia-
logis konceptiT – im fonze, rom galaktion tabiZesa da mis Taobas
saerTo esTetikuri interesebi da miznebi amoZravebT.
10. cxadia, ganxeTqileba aseTi radikaluri ar iqneba. werilis
daweridan ramdenime dReSi, 23 dekembers, galaktionis saRamo cis-
feryanwelebis monawileobiT Catardeba: „quTaisis TeatrSi gaimar-
Ta galaktionis didi saRamo: „...saRamo daiwyo b. al. wereTelis leq-
ciiT: „neoromantizmi qarTul uaxles literaturaSi“... leqciis
Semdeg daiwyo b-n tabiZis leqsebis kiTxva. farda aixada da scenaze
gamoCnda suraTi: sami asuli, TeTr mosasxamSi, WianuriT xelSi. Sem-
deg cocxal suraTad dadgmuli iyo leqsi „meri“. Tarebs qveS jva-
ris sawerad gamowyobili dgas asuli da TeTr svets miyrdnobili,
nabadSi gaxveuli moCans TviT mgosani. Wianuri ukravs da loJidan
leqss „meri“ kiTxulobs paolo iaSvili... Semdeg l. jafariZem da v.
gafrindaSvilma waikiTxes g. tabiZis leqsebi: „me da Rame“, „verxvebi“
da sxv. ukanasknel ganyofilebaSi TviTon gal. tabiZem waikiTxa Ta-
visi leqsebi. sazogadoeba mxurvale taSiscemiT ajildoebda mgo-
sans. debma iSxnelebma gitaraze imReres gal. tabiZis leqsebi. saer-
Tod, saRamo Zlier saintereso iyo da mxolod, samwuxarod, xalxi
cota daeswro SedarebiT“ (gaz. „Cveni megobari“, 1916, № 242).
11. wignze muSaobis wlebSi, 1914-dan 1919 wlamde, galaktionisa
da cisferyanwelebis irgvliv kulturuli da politikuri garemo
radikalurad Seicvleba. quTaisSi dawyebuli maTi saqmianoba 1918
wlidan umetesad TbilisSi grZeldeba. 1917-1918 wlebSi galak-
tioni xangrZlivad aris moskovSi, amTavrebs Saniavskis sareJiso-
ro kursebs, Cadis petrogradSic. Tumca ruseTis dedaqalaqebi,
romlebic 1890-iani wlebidan moyolebuli simbolizmis, Semdgom
ki avangardizmis, zogadad vercxlis xanis kulturuli aRzevebis
39
momswre iyo, axla rusuli revoluciebis qaosiT aris moculi. rusi
xelovanebi TavSesafars sxvadasxva qalaqebSi, maT Soris Tbilis-
Sic pouloben. Tbilisi modernistul-avangardistuli aqtivobebis
sivrce da axali multinacionaluri kulturuli centri xdeba. am
sivrceSi qarTul mxares swored cisferyanwelebi warmoadgenen.
1918-1920 wlebSi qarTveli da ruseTidan emigrirebuli xelovanebis
monawileobiT araerTi perioduli organo da wigni gamoicema, Semoq-
medebiTi saRamoebi tardeba, literaturuli kafeebi ixsneba, Tum-
ca galaktioni am RonisZiebebis monawileTa Soris ar gvxvdeba.
„artistuli yvavilebis“ 1918-1919 wlebiT daTariRebuli leqsebi
ufro mis moskovur-petrogradul gamocdilebas asaxavs, vidre
Tbilisur modernistul-avangardistul bums.

damowmebani:

andersoni 2013: Anderson B. Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and

Spread of Nationalism. Revised edition. London: Verso, 2016.
afxaiZe 1919: afxaiZe SA. qarTuli poeziis perspetivebi. J. „meocnebe
niamorebi“, 1919, № 1.
gafrindaSvili 1919: gafrindaSvili v. SeniSvnebi lirikaze. J. „meoc-
nebe niamorebi“, 1919, №3.
leqsmcodneoba 2012: cisferyanwelebisadmi miZRvnili meeqvse samec-
niero sesia (masalebi). Tbilisi: SoTa rusTavelis qarTuli literatu-
ris instituti, 2012.
smiti 1993: Antony D Smith. National Identity. Reno and Las Vegas: University of
Nevada Press, 1993.
tabiZe 2008: tabiZe g. saarqivo gamocema ocdaxuT wignad. w. XXIV.
Tbilisi: `literaturis matiane~, 2008.
tabiZe 2016: tabiZe g. „artistuli yvavilebi“. Txzulebani TxuTmet
tomad. Tbilisi: SoTa rusTavelis qarTuli literaturis instituti,
2016.
tabiZe t. 1916: tabiZe t. „cisferi yanwebiT“. J. „cisferi yanwebi“, 1916,
№ 1-2.
WavWavaZe 1991: WavWavaZe i. „zogierTi ram“. TxzulebaTa sruli krebu-
li oc tomad, t 5. Tbilisi: gamomcemloba `mecniereba~, 1991.
xinTibiZe 1992: xinTibiZe a. galaktioni Tu cisferyanwelebi. Tbilisi:
gamomcemloba `gulani~, 1992.
javaxiSvili 2001: javaxiSvili m. werilebi. Tbilisi: 2001.

40
gaga lomiZe

„Crâne aux fleurs artistiques“:

interteqstidan konteqstamde

1857 wels, parizSi, bodleris „borotebis yvavilebis~

gamosvliT poetur enaze gaformda simbolizmi. Tavda-
pirvelad bodleri amtkicebda, rom misi poezia swored
samyaroSi borotebis winaaRmdeg iyo mimarTuli. ukve
Semdgomi gamocemebis winasityvaobis monaxazebSi werda,
rom is „borotebaSi silamazis moxelTebas“ eswrafoda.
„borotebis yvavilebSi“ TiTqos Rirebulebebi adgils ic-
vlian, sadac RmerTi SeiZleba usamarTlo iyos, poeti –
dawyevlili, boroteba – lamazi, xolo mniSvnelovani sim-
bolo – yvavilebi – sikvdils daukavSirdes.
1919 wels gamodis galaktion tabiZis poeturi kre-
buli „artistuli yvavilebi“, an ufro srulad – misi
franguli saxelwodebis mixedviT: „Crâne aux fleurs artisti-
ques“ („Tavis qala artistuli yvavilebiT“). es krebuli
saqarTveloSi simbolizmis mwvervalad iTvleba.
Tuki bodlerTan „boroti yvavilebi“ SeiZleba epataJis
niSnebs atarebdes da bodleris armimRebi sazogadoebis
gaRizianebas iTvaliswinebdes, galaktionis SemTxvevaSi
– „artistuli yvavilebi“ epataJs moklebulia da pir-
dapir exmaureba Teofil gotieseul gamonaTqvams: „xe-
lovneba xelovnebisTvis“, romlis striqonebic galak-
tionma Tavis am krebuls waumZRvara. rogorc qarTul
galaktionologiaSia aRniSnuli, „artistuli yvavile-
biT“ galaktions „mtkiced aqvs gadawyvetili „wminda
poezias“, „wminda xelovnebas“, „wminda mSvenierebas“ em-
saxuros; Tavis „mowyenil gzas“ igi cxovrebis umTav-
resi wignis – „artistuli yvavilebisken“ mihyavs“ (kvi-
taiSvili 2017: 329). xelovneba kanonzomierebas ukav-
Sirdeba da samyaros wesrigis analogiuria. qarTul

41
galaktionologiaSi aseve aRniSnulia: „dantes „RvTaeb-
riv komediaSi“ ricxvebs didi simboluri datvirTva
aqvs. amitomac uwodebda dante Tavis Tavs „geometrs“.
Sdr. galaktionis leqsi „poeti-tribunis“ Savi varianti:
„poeti midis swore, geometri da moangariSe“. rogorc
sxva SemTxvevaSi, galaktionis leqsebSi kompoziciuri
simetria Tu ricxvebisadmi sakraluri mniSvnelobis mi-
niWeba ar emyareba raime rTul Teoriul sistemas, mag-
ram arc mTlad gaucnobierebeli aqtia“ (kenWoSvili
1999: 234). ricxvTa harmoniis asociacias galaktionis
„artistul yvavilebSi“, albaT, yvelaze metad leqsi
„lurja cxenebi“ aRZravs, romlis TiToeuli taepi Se-
iZleba vertikalurad, or nawilad davyoT da amiT fo-
nika sruliad ar dairRves. amavdroulad, es dayofili
taepebi erTmaneTs sarkiseburad anagramasaviT irek-
lavs da Sinaarsis doneze, barokoseuli anamorfulobis
esTetikis msgavsad, sxvadasxva poziciidan dagvanaxebs
sinamdviles: mTel „lurja cxenebSi“ erTmaneTs ireklavs
da, imavdroulad, upirispirdeba dro da zedrouloba/
udrooba, sadac sinanulis cneba drois warmavlobas,
denas ukavSirdeba („iCqarian wamebi“), xolo TviTon po-
etis pozicia aq drois miRma sivrceSia, sadac mas SeuZ-
lia Tqvas: „me ki ar menaneba“ da sadac „yvavilni ar arian“,
radgan yvavilebi – sezonuri monacvleobis es simbolo
– mxolod materialur samyaroSia, iqaa, sadac droa. es
iseTive sivrcea, rogorc dantes „RvTaebriv komediaSi“
RerZi.1 ricxvebis harmonia kidev erT striqonSi vlinde-
ba: „mxolod SuqTa kamara veraferma dafara: /mSral ricx-
vebis amara udabnoSi Reldeba!“, sadac ricxvebi harmoniis
tolfasia, xolo „ConCxiani tyeebi“ – igive qaosia. poezia
da, zogadad, xelovneba aris is, rac samyaroseul wes-
rigs Seesabameba. swored samyaros amgvari xedva vlindeba
formalistur midgomaSic, romelzec mogvianebiT sergei
eizenSteini oqros kveTis Teoriasa da samyaros wyobas
Soris analogiaze isaubrebs: „...spirali gansazRvravs e.w.
42
evklideseul „oqros kveTas“, romelic safuZvlad udevs
antikuri xanis yvelaze gamorCeul namuSevrebs. misi
ganumeorebeli esTetikuri zemoqmedeba agebulia imaze,
rom bunebaSi organuli zrda-ganviTarebis procesis sa-
baziso formula gadatanilia sivrcobriv proporciebSi
da Tanabrad vrceldeba nautilusis niJaraze, mzesumzi-
ris Tavsa Tu adamianis ConCxze. amitomac, es proporcia
[xelovnebis] nimuSis agebis kanonSi ganviTarebis yve-
la organuli procesis sruli asaxvaa (Отражение). amave
dros es aris erTaderTi wesrigis arekvla (Отображение),
romelic orive kanons udevs safuZvlad“ (eizenSteini
1966: 652).
„artistuli yvavilebidan“ leqsSi „Serigeba“ Semde-
gi striqonebi amyareben poeziis da poetis uzenaesi
daniSnulebis Sesaxeb Sexedulebas: „amaRldi, sulo,
TeTr akldamaze / mSvenierebis leqsiT mqebeli! / dRes
yvelgan mzea da silamaze/sikvdilTan Seni Semrigebeli“.
amave leqsSi galaktionis „me“, anu, zogadad, poeti Se-
darebulia myinvarTan: „Cven gvirgvinebi gvaqvs odnav
msgavsi, / lamazi SuqTa maradi nTebiT: / me – msubuq daf-
nis foTlebiT savse, / myinvars – umZimes iagundebiT“. aq
galaktioni, bodlerisgan gansxvavebiT, romlisTvisac,
marTalia, „xelovneba – maradiulia, dro – warmavali“,
magram sikvdili imarjvebs poetze, rogorc adamianze
(leqsi „uiRbloba“), ufro axlos dgas romantikosebis
mier sakuTari „me“-s aRqmasTan (baironi, Seli, puSkini,
lermontovi).2 galaktionis da narcisizmis mimarTebis
kvlevas araerTi naSromi mieZRvna.3
rac Seexeba yvavilebs, es Tema bodlerTanac mniSvne-
lovania da galaktionTanac, rom aRaraferi vTqvaT ma-
Ti krebulebis saxelwodebaze. galaktionTan „artis-
tul yvavilebSi“, ZiriTadad, vxvdebiT: vards, ias, gvi-
rilas, orqideas, romelTagan, albaT, yvelaze xSiria
vardi da ia. rogorc aRvniSneT, yvavilebi bodlerTan
borotebis da silamazis SeTavsebad gvevlineba. is, xe-
43
lovnebasaviT, orbunebovania: efemerulicaa da mara-
diulic, an rogorc bodleri ambobs: „xelovnebis or-
bunebovneba adamianis orbunebovnebis fataluri Sede-
gia“ (bodleri 1965: 3). da vinaidan adamianebi Seqmnili
arian mSvenieris komponentebis analogiiT, amitomac maT
SeuZliaT mSvenierebis Seqmna da aRqma. es orbunebovne-
ba uneburad Segvaxsenebs, erTi mxriv, Vanitas-is Janris
xelovnebas da gansakuTrebiT hans holbain umcrosis sa-
xelganTqmul namuSevars „elCebi“, sadac orplanianoba da
ori perspeqtiva sruliad cvlis warmodgenas imaze, ris
reprezentaciasac mxatvari axdens;4 meore mxriv, udavod
gagvaxsendeba bodleris leqsi „niRabi“ imave „borotebis
yvavilebidan“, romelic STagonebulia ernst kristofis
mier Seqmnili anamorfuli qandakebiT da sadac bodle-
ris lirikuli „me“ Tavidan am qandakebaze saubrobs, ro-
gorc qalis mSvenierebis gamoxatulebaze, xolo Sem-
deg sxva perspeqtiviT Sexedvisas – orTaviani urCxuli
aRmoCndeba.
galaktionTan yvavilebi, Tanac „artistuli“ – xelov-
nebis sikvdilze gamarjvebis simbolod iqceva; sikvdil-
ze imitom, rom krebulis saTauri amaze migvaniSnebs –
„Tavis qala artistuli yvavilebiT“.5 galaktioni Tavis
krebulSi yvelaze xSirad axsenebs vardebs6 da iebs.7 sa-
idan Cndeba Tavis qala „artistul yvavilebTan“ erTad?
rogorc cnobilia, bodleris „borotebis yvavilebSi“
erT-erTi centraluri sakiTxia sikvdilis Tema. amave
dros, „borotebis yvavilebis“ 1887 wlis gamocemis tya-
vis Casadebze gamosaxuli iyo Tavis qala da mcenare.8
SesaZlebelia, galaktions nanaxi hqonda es gamocema,
an, asec rom ar yofiliyo, sruliad cxadad grZnobda
bodleris krebulis mTlian suliskveTebas. amas garda,
cnobilia, rom galaktioni „artistuli yvavilebis“
gamocemamde ramdenjerme ewvia moskovs da erTxel – pe-
terburgs.9 am periodis werilebSi is aRfrTovanebiT sa-
ubrobs iq nanaxi muzeumebis Sesaxeb. advili SesaZlebelia,
44
rom galaktionze gansakuTrebuli STabeWdileba moexdi-
na barokos xanis e.w. Vanitas-is Janris natiurmortebs, sa-
dac xSirad gamosaxuli iyo Tavis qala da yvavilebi, ro-
gorc sikvdilis da maradiuli kvdoma-aRdgomis simbolo.
ermitaJSi, magaliTad, daculia piter van steenvikis
da ian pauvel gilemansis am tipis natiurmortebi.10
Vanitas-is tipis natiurmortebiT gataceba SemTxveviTi
ar aris, vinaidan am TematikiT gataceba Cveulia ro-
gorc barokosTvis, ise simbolizmisTvis, rogorc tipo-
logiurad msgavsi mimdinareobebisTvis. simbolizmic
aseve uxvad mimarTavs Tavis qalis, yvavilebis, mtvris,
ConCxis, qviSis simboloebs, rac bodleris „borotebis
yvavilebSi“ sakmaod gvxvdeba („amuri da Tavisqala“, „sik-
vdilis cekva“ da a.S.).
rogorc alber ories simbolistur TeoriaSia, xelov-
neba, idea formiT gamoixateba da is subieqturia, vina-
idan obieqti subieqtis ideis gamomxatvelia. am Tval-
sazrisiT, simbolizmi tipologiurad romantizmsac
ukavSirdeba. simbolizmis samyaro, romantikosebiseuli
samyaros msgavsad, mistiuri arsebebiTaa dasaxlebuli
da rogorc goTikur romanebSi, aqac sikvdilis Tema aq-
tualuria. simbolistebic, romantikosebis msgavsad, si-
namdviles gaurbian – xan warmosaxviT samyaroSi (rogorc
vilie de-lil-adanTan an ernst Teodor hofmanTan),
xan bunebaSi (Tumca es ukanaskneli simbolistebisTvis
naklebad sainteresoa). simbolistebs da romantikosebs
aerTianebs misticizmisa Tu saSinelebaTa esTetikis mi-
marT interesi, magram romantikosebis SemoqmedebaSi
politikuri sakiTxi mniSvnelovania, masSi metia amboxi
da qmedeba, simbolizmSi ki meti statikaa, Tumca foni
xSirad romantizmSic da simbolizmSic SiSismomgvre-
lia. am TvalsazrisiT, sagulisxmoa galaktionis „lurja
cxenebis“ interteqstis sakiTxi.11 TavisTavad, lurja
cxenebi igive apokalifsis cxenebia ioanes gamocxadebi-
dan, rac msoflio poeziasa da xelovnebaSi sxvadasxva-
45
gvaradaa warmodgenili – fermkrTali, lurji Tu ruxi
cxenis saxiT, magram leqsis konteqsti ukavSirdeba
poezias da, zogadad, xelovnebas, sadac „SuqTa kamara“
xelovnebidan momdinareobs. maSin roca baraTaSvili-
seuli „merani“ ufro swrafvas ganasaxierebs, sadac „be-
dis samZRvris“ gadalaxva, romantizmiseuli msoflxed-
vis gaTvaliswinebiT, niSnavs socialuri, politikuri
Tu sxva faqtorebiT daRdasmuli mocemulobis miRma
gasvlas. es yvelaferi ukavSirdeba potencialobis sa-
kiTxs romantikul azrovnebaSi: adamianebs imTaviTve
aqvT garkveuli potenciali, magram garemo pirobebma
xeli unda Seuwyos maT am potencialis gamovlenaSi. am
SezRudvebis zRvaris gadalaxva niSnavs flagmanad qce-
vas. swored amgvari pirovnebebi iyvnen romantizmis xanis
moazrovneebi, xelovanebi da politikosebi. konkretuli
ideis saxeliT maTi Tavganwirva momavali TaobebisTvis
normad iqceva – adamianis uflebaTa normebis dacvis
msgavsad. aseTma moazrovneebma daadastures, rom mo-
cemuli sazRvrebis gadalaxva SesaZlebelia da amas so-
cialur da politikur cxovrebaSi didi cvlilebebi
moaqvs. ase rom, „bedis samZRvris“ gadalaxva pirobiTo-
bebis samyarodan zedroulSi gadasvlis maniSnebelia.12
rogorc bodleris „borotebis yvavilebis“ mkvlev-
rebi aRiareben, krebuli erTiani konceptualuri wignia
da struqturul mTlianobas qmnis. igive SeiZleba iTqvas
galaktionis „artistul yvavilebze“ da mis struqtu-
razec. „artistuli yvavilebi“ sruliad aSkarad rom
exmaureba evropul da, am SemTxvevaSi, frangul simbo-
lizms, amaze miuTiTebs Tundac epigrafad wamZRvare-
buli striqonebi. dasavleTis da aRmosavleTis daax-
loebis (rogorc esTetikur, ise konceptualur done-
ze) gamovlinebis intensivobiT, „artistuli yvavilebi“
Tamami da zusti ganacxadia da Teoriul da praqtikul
safuZvels umyarebs tician tabiZis cnobil sityvebs
„qaldeas qalaqebidan“: „gafizis vardi me prudomis Cavde
46
vazaSi, / besikis baRSi vrgav bodleris borot yvavilebs“.
gasaocaria, Tu rogor grZnobs galaktioni evropul
simbolizms da mis konteqsts sinqronul da diaqronul
WrilSi, tipologiurad msgavsi mimdinareobebis gaT-
valiswinebiT. is sakuTar Semoqmedebas (da, savaraudod,
misi cxovrebis/Semoqmedebis e.w. „simbolistur“ peri-
ods) goties, verlenis Tu bodleris Semoqmedebis da
cxovrebis konteqstSi xedavs, razec isev epigrafebi,
analogiebi da Tundac misi striqonebi miuTiTebs: „xSi-
rad vigoneb verlens, rogorc daRupul mamas“.

SeniSvnebi:

1. „miwisqveSa gasasvleli, romlidanac isini (dante da vergili-

usi – g.l.) zeviT avidnen, luciferis dacemis Sedegad warmoiSva,
romelic zecidan TaviT gadmouSves. Sesabamisad, adgili, saidanac
is gadmoagdes aris ara sadRac caze, sivrceSi, romelic gars akravs
dedamiwas, aramed swored im hemisferos mxares, sadac poetebi aR-
moCndnen. salxineblis mTebi da sioni, romlebic diametrulad gan-
sxvavdebian erTmaneTisgan, warmoiSvnen, rogorc am dacemis Sedegi
da, maSasadame, cisken mimavali gza luciferis dacemis mimarTule-
biT midis, magram sapirispiro mniSvneloba aqvs. amrigad, dante
mudmivad pirdapir moZraobs da caze dgas – fexebiT mimarTulia
daSvebis adgilisken; iqedan, empireidan RvTis didebis Sexedvisas,
sabolood gansakuTrebuli Zalisxmevis gareSe aRmoCndeba flo-
renciaSi <...> erTi sityviT, mudmivad win moZraobisas da gzad
erTxel gadabrunebisas, poeti imave mdgomareobasa da adgilas
moxvdeba, saidanac daiwyo svla. Sesabamisad, gzad rom ar gadab-
runebuliyo, sawyis wertilSi Tavdayira dabrundeboda. maSasadame,
zedapiri, romelzec dante moZraobs, iseTia, rom erTi amotriale-
ba ganapirobebs sawyis wertilSi, swor mdgomareobaSi dabrunebas;
xolo sworxazovani moZraobisas, amotrialebis gareSe – sxeuls
imave adgilas, oRond amotrialebul mdgomareobaSi abrunebs.
aSkarad, es aris zedapiri: 1°, romelic Seicavs Caketil wrfeebs,
aris rimanis sibrtye da 2° – masze moZraobisas amotrialebuli per-
pendikulari, aris calmxrivi zedapiri. es ori garemoeba sakmarisia

47
danteseuli sivrcis, rogorc elifsuri geometriis tipis mixedviT
agebulis, daxasiaTebisTvis. <...> 1871 wels f. klaini miuTiTebda,
rom sferosebur sibrtyes gaaCnia ormxrivi zedapiri, xolo elif-
surs – calmxrivi. danteseuli sivrce Zalian hgavs swored elif-
sur sivrces. amiT moulodnelad efineba sinaTlis nakadi Suasa-
ukuneobriv warmodgenas samyaros sasrulobis Sesaxeb“ (florenski
1967: 46-48).
2. aRniSnuli TvalsazrisiT, galaktionis hipertrofirebuli
„me“ TiTqos ufro axlos dgas, erTi mxriv, romantikosebis mier sa-
kuTari Tavis aRqmasTan da, meore mxriv, TiTqos win uswrebs avan-
gardistebis TviTformirebas, romlebic cxovrebasa da xelovnebas
Soris tolobis niSans weren. am gagebiT, galaktioni ewinaaRmdegeba
valerian gafrindaSviliseul pozicias leqsidan „bohemis monolo-
gi“, romelic ufro axloa bodleriseul da dawyevlili poetebis
da dekadansis warmomadgenlebis msoflxedvasTan („samarcxvinoa
poetisTvis sxva kariera/garda TviTmkvlelobis./ara msurs viyo
viktor hiugo, an akaki,/me mirCevnia daviRupo, rogorc bohema./sa-
marcxvinoa poetisTvis sxva kariera/garda sigiJis./ara msurs viyo
bednieri rogorc goete./me mirCevnia daviRupo, rogorc rollina./
samarcxvinoa poetisTvis sxva kariera garda Wleqisa!/dRegrZel
malarmes mirCevnia isev laforgi./poetisaTvis me viwame es kari-
era:/sigiJe, Wleqi da TviTmkvleloba“).
3. galaktioni ocnebobda galaktionologiaze. rogorc vax-
tang javaxaZe wers: galaktioni „am sityvas didxans efereboda.
werda, xatavda, xazavda – qarTulad, rusulad, rusul-qarTula-
dac. grafikulad aformebda, CarCoSi svamda, marcvlavda. stambaSi
mTavruli SriftiT aawyobina da anabeWdi magidasTan gaikra, leqsic
dawera, saubaric Caiwera...“ zaza kvercxiSvili Tavis recenziaSi,
romelic krebul „galaktionologiis“ pirveli wignis gamosvlas
eZRvneba, aRniSnavs: „m. xarbedias statiidan sagangebod moviyvane
fragmenti, sadac aris sityvebi: „poeturi mes hipertrofia“. saqme
isaa, rom wignSi am hipertrofirebuli `mes~ grafikuli gamosaxule-
bac SeiZleba vnaxoT. me-11 gverdze dabeWdilia poetis avtografi:
ujredebian furcelze warwerili „galaktionologiя“, sworkuTxa
CarCoTi Semoxazuli da CarCos qvemoT gatanili kidev erTi, sity-
48
vis asoebTan SedarebiT uzarmazari, Savad Seferadebuli, msuye я.
da Tumca, es я, arafriTa hgavs adamianis satanj instrumentebs, ar-
sebiTad, Cvens winaSea swored usaSinlesi sawamebeli iaraRi.. hiper-
trofia samedicino terminia – sxeulis ama Tu im nawilis metismet
gadidebas niSnavs.. mdgomareoba WeSmaritad tragikuli aris maSin,
roca „mes~ hipertrofiiT genialuri xelovani daavaddeba xolme...
galaktioni erTianad daimona genialobam… imdenad, rom yvelaferi
pirovnuli, – TviT olia okujavasadmi misi uaRresad adamianuri,
sulisSemZvreli, magram rogorRac `aramasStaburi~ siyvarulic ki,
– misi grandiozuli Semoqmedebis fonze, erTob uferul kerZo faq-
tad SeiZleba mogveCvenos da TviT misi hipertrofirebuli я-c, mar-
Talia, sicocxles uwamlavda galaktions da yovlad unugeSo mar-
toobisTvis wiravda, magram poeziaSi – ukve geniis ganmwmend cecx-
lSi gavlili – mxolod saintereso Taviseburebad vlindeboda: „…da
arasodes amobrwyindeba sxva saukune galaktionis“ (kvercxiSvili
2002: 1-6). zaza SaTiriSvilic yuradRebas amaxvilebs galaktionis
narcisistul diskursze – mefe-poetis xatze, romelic araerTxel
Cndeba poetis SemoqmedebaSi da mis mimarTebaze Tavis winapar po-
etebTan: „mefe-poetis xats myarad ukavSirdeba dideba da aRiareba.
Tuki „mkvdari, daRupuli mamis“ miRma akaki ikiTxeba, mefe-poeti,
garkveuli azriT, axali rusTavelia – galaktionis triumfaluri
alter ego. yovelive zemoT aRniSnuli – „mkvdari mamis“ invarianti,
kontaqtis SeuZlebloba, „me“, rogorc erTaderTi unikaluri sxe-
uli, mefe-poetis xati, poetis didebis invariantuli motivi – aya-
libebs „namdvili“ galaktionis „narcisistul ritorikasa“ da 1915-
27 wlebis poetikas – e. w. „galaktionis kanons“ (SaTiriSvili 2004:
21). bela wifuria wers: „galaktionis mier akakis Canacvlebis motivi
da „narcisistuli ritorikac“ aqtualuria ara mxolod poetebis
mefis, an „mefe-poetis“ statusis aqtiurobisas 1915-1927 wlebSi,
aramed momdevno periodSi, saxalxo poetis statusis gaaqtiurebi-
sasac“ (wifuria 2016: 29).
4. namuSevarze warmodgenili arian frangi saero da sasuliero
pirebi, romlebic inglisSi saero da sasuliero xelisuflebis el-
Cebad msaxurobdnen. namuSevari SegviZlia davyoT oTx nawilad:
Tuki vertikalurad davyofT, gamoCndeba, rom masze warmodgeni-

49
lia sasuliero da saero samyaro, razec elCebs Soris ganTavsebu-
li nivTebic miuTiTebs (mag., globusi da barbiTi); Tuki vertika-
lurad dayofil namuSevars SuaSi perpendikularulad gadavkveTT,
davinaxavT, rom axla ukve is ciur da miwier sferoebadac daiyofa
(mag., ciuri da miwieri globusi). esaa samyaros adamianuri xedva.
magram rogorc ki namuSevris wina planze warmodgenil anamorful
gamosaxulebas davakvirdebiT da ukve gansxvavebuli perspeqtiviT
SevecdebiT mis garCevas, davinaxavT, rom es aris Tavis qala, romlis
fonzec danarCeni gamosaxuleba iseve bundovani gaxdeba, rogorc
manamde Tavis qalis es gamosaxuleba. swored perspeqtivis es or-
magoba qmnis rogorc formismier efeqts, ise Sinaarsobriv mraval-
planianobas aniWebs mas da, sabolood, xazs usvams yvelafris warma-
vlobas, rac Vanitas-is Janris ferwerisTvis iyo damaxasiaTebeli.
5. rogorc cnobilia, antikur samyaroSi yvavilebi, erTsa da
imave dros, sikvdilsac ukavSirdeba da dabadebasac (mag., dionise
da sxva kvdoma-aRdgomadi RvTaebebi). analogiuradaa qristianul
kulturaSic (ramdenadac ieso kvdoma-aRdgomadi RmerTia, dioni-
ses msgavsad, masTan asocirebuli yvavilebic orbunebovnebas
gamoxatavs). Tumca aqac antikur da qristianul samyaroebs Soris
sxvaoba isaa, rom dro erT SemTxvevaSi wriulia da is, rac kvde-
ba, isev aRdgeba, xolo qristianul samyaroSi namdvili cxovre-
ba materialuri arsebobis Semdeg, „imqveynad“ iwyeba da aRdgoma
meored mosvlasTan, apokalifsTanaa dakavSirebuli.
6. vardi iesos vnebasTanacaa dakavSirebuli da RvTismSoblis
siwmindes da wminda siyvarulis gamarjvebasac gamoxatavs, rom aRa-
raferi vTqvaT vardebis simbolur kavSirze jvarosnebis orden-
Tan. yvavilebis, ofelias da sikvdilis konceptualur dakavSirebis
gamo SegviZlia gavixsenoT jon miles namuSevari „ofelia“, sadac
swored am cnebebis gaerTianebaa warmodgenili. Seqspiris „hamlet-
Si“ ofelia asaxelebs ama Tu im yvavilis simbolur mniSvnelobas:
„ai, sakmelas-balaxi: es niSnavs, ar damiviwyoo. gTxov, Cemo sayva-
relo, ar damiviwyo. ager kidev qveynis-gula, gulidam ar amomiRoo...
ai, kama SenTvis da RiRiloebi. ai, SenTvisve, mariam-sakmela; cota
mec damrCa... SeiZleba amas RvTismSoblis yvavili davuZaxoT... Sen
gagaxarebs amis tareba da me ki... me sakmelad unda vukmio. ager guli-
50
saba... mindoda iac momeca, magram sul erTianad daWkna, roca mokvda
mamaCemi... amboben, keTili bolo hqondao“. qarTuli Targmanis ko-
mentarSi naTqvamia: „ofelia arigebs yvavilebs maTi simbolikuri
azris mixedviT: miRebulia azri, rom sakmelas balaxs („ar damivi-
wyo“) da qveynis gulas („ifiqre“, „gulidan ar amomiRo“) igi aZlevs
laerts, romelic SesaZloa mas hamleti hgonia; kamas („TvalTmaqco-
ba“ da „farisevloba“) da RiRiloebs („Ralati“) – xelmwifes; mari-
am-sakmelas („sinanuli“ da „mwuxare mogoneba“) aZlevs dedofals
da TavisTvisac itovebs, Tanac miuTiTebs, rom am yvavilis tarebis-
Tvis maT sxvadasxva mizezebi aqvT; gulisabasac („TvalTmaqcoba“),
albaT, dedofals aZlevs, xolo sityvebi iis Sesaxeb (ia – „erTgu-
leba“) uTuod horacios exeba“ (Seqspiri 1954: 750).
7. ias berZnebi da romaelebi ukavSirebdnen sikvdils, Suasauku-
neebSi gamarjvebul frang trubadurebs ajildovebdnen iebiT. iebi
ukavSirdeba ofelias Seqspiris „hamletidan“, romlis nakvalevi
galaktionis „artistul yvavilebSi“ araerTxel ikiTxeba.
8. gamocema ogiust rodenis ilustraciebiT iyo gaformebuli,
sadac aseve figurirebda sikvdilis simbolika. gamocemis ilustra-
ciebi SeukveTes ogiust rodens. tyavis Casadebi Seqmna anri marius
miSelma. masze amotvifrulia ConCxi da muqi mwvane feris narSavi.
„borotebis yvavilebis“ pirveli gamocemis garekanisTvis naxati
Seqmna frangma mxatvarma da graviorma feliqs brakemonma. graviu-
raze, romelic ucnobi mizezebis gamo garekanze ar gauSves, gamo-
saxulia ConCxi Svidi yvavilis garemocvaSi, romlebic Svid momakv-
dinebel codvas ganasaxierebs.
9. 1916 wlis seqtember-noemberSi, 1917 wlis aprilSi, 1918 wlis
ianvar-ivlisSi.
10. Vanitas-is Janris namuSevrebSi yvavilebi sicocxlis cikluro-
baze miuTiTeben da warmodgenilia sxvadasxva saxiT – jer gauSle-
li, srulad gaSlili da damWknari. amgvar namuSevrebSi, araiSvi-
aTad, yvavilebTan erTad gvxvdeba Tavis qalac – sikvdilis simbo-
lo. adrien van utrehtis natiurmortSi Tavis qala wignze devs, rac
adamianis codnis sazRvrulobaze miuTiTebs. miwieri faseulobebis
fonze gamosaxuli Tavis qala ki imaze migvaniSnebs, rom sinamdvile-

51
Si yvelaferi warmavalia. warmavlobis Tema Vanitas-is tipis namu-
SevrebSi srulyofili saxiTaa warmodgenili hans holbain umcro-
sis SedevrSi „elCebi“. igive Tema barokodan modernizmis da Semdeg
ukve – postmodernizmis (oRond ukve parodiuli elferiT) xanaSi
aqtiurdeba. magaliTad, frida kalos (praqtikulad, galaktionis
Tanamedroves) tiloze „sizmari (sawoli)“ ConCxis da yvavilebis
simbolika erTdroulad gvxvdeba, sadac yvavilebi xelaxal dabade-
baze unda miuTiTebdes; xolo ukve postmodernizmSi, damien hirsti,
namuSevriT „RvTis siyvarulisTvis“ (2007) briliantebiT inkrus-
tirebuli me-18 saukunis realuri Tavis qalaTi, romelic artis-
tma TviTonve SeiZina auqcionze, – ironiiT Segvaxsenebs, erTi
mxriv, warmavlobas da, meore mxriv – xelovnebis ukvdavebas.
11. „mkvlevrebi (burWulaZe 1980: 173-178; kenWoSvili 1999: 131;
kveselava 1977: 62) sxvadasxva teqstTan da personaJTan avleben
„lurja cxenebis“ mxatvrul da literaturul paralelebs: plato-
nis dialogi „fedoni“, antikuri miTologia (pegasi), dantes gerioni
(„jojoxeTis“ XVII T.), baironis „kaeni“, goeTes „fausti“, baraTaSvi-
lis „merani“, aleqsandr blokis „Tormetni“, andrei belis „qriste
aRsdga“, konstantine balmontis „sami cxeni“, valeri briusovis
„cxeni mwvane“ da sxva. TviT es faqti „lurja cxenebis“ polifoniur
xasiaTze miuTiTebs“ (xalvaSi 2010: 130).
12. sruli Tavganwirva da Tavisuflebis ideis mimarT erTgule-
ba aaxloebs „merans“ baironis poeziasTan, gansakuTrebiT „evTana-
ziasTan“. sagulisxmoa, rom TviTon galaktioni „lurja cxenebs“
qarTuli poeziis interteqstSi aTavsebs da aRniSnavs: „ori merania:
merani avTandilis da merani baraTaSvilis, isini sxvadasxvagvarni
arian, saWiro iyo maTi SeerTeba. da es me movaxerxe. Cemi merani Se-
Tavsebaa am ori sxvadasxvaobis: rusTavelis riTmis dacva, baraTaS-
vilis ritmis gamoyeneba, azris gaRrmaveba, – ai, „lurja cxenebi“
(tabiZe 1975: 141-142). marTalia, galaktioni baraTaSvilis merans
„zarmac cxenad“ moixseniebs, magram „lurja cxenebSi“ cxenebis mo-
qmedebis asparezi xelovnebis sferoa, xolo baraTaSvilis „mera-
nis“ samoZrao sivrce ufro egzistencialuria. am TvalsazrisiT,
galaktionis „lurja cxenebSi“ virtuozuli montaJis miuxedavad,
TviTon cxenebi, simbolizmis esTetikis Sesabamisad, statikuradaa
52
warmodgenili da mxolod sivrce icvleba, xolo baraTaSvilTan
„merani“ ufro metad amboxTan da moZraobasTanaa dakavSirebuli
(gavixsenoT luciferiseuli amboxis Tema baironis „kaenSi“).
galaktionTan ufro metad Jesti da pozaa, vidre moZraoba,
qmedeba („g. tabiZes gansakuTrebulad hqonda gamZafrebuli Jestis,
pozis, moZraobis da sulieri mdgomareobis Sesabamisobis gancdis
unari, kargad esmoda sxvadasxva niSanTa ena“ – kenWoSvili 1999: 108)
13. rogorc T. doiaSvili aRniSnavs: „..„artistuli yvavilebis“
pirveli leqsis – „Semodgoma „umanko Casaxebis“ mamaTa savaneSi“
– azrobriv-koncefciuri siaxlove goties „minanqrebisa da kame-
ebis“ winaTqmasTan da amis meSveobiT goeTes „divanis“ prologTan
„hijra“, agreTve rigi konkretuli realiebisa imis uflebas iZl-
eva, rom galaktionis es lirikuli Sedevri „artistuli yvavilebis”
prologad miviCnioT“ (doiaSvili 2003: 54). „artistuli yvavilebis“
damabolovebeli leqsis, „dominos“ komentarebSi ki, romelic ama-
ve avtors ekuTvnis, vkiTxulobT: „krebulis bolo leqsi wigni-
mTlianobis epilogia, romelSic lirikuli narativis reziumireba
xdeba. aqedan gamomdinare, avtoriseuli TariRi 1916 weli saeWvoa;
„domino“ ufro 1918-1919 wlebSi unda iyos dawerili“ (tabiZe 2016:
267).
14. krebuls epigrafad wamZRvarebuli aqvs amonaridebi oTxi
frangi poetis leqsebidan: „moulodneli momxibvleloba samkauli-
sa – vardisferisa da Savis“ (bodleri); „cisferi qalwuli nakadu-
lis gril napirebze“ (T. gotie); „Camaval mzeTa melanqolia“ (p. ver-
leni); „...da vardebi metad tanmaRali“ (a. renie). es saxeebi mis leq-
sebSi garkveuli modifikaciebiT meordeba („vin aris es qali, vin
aris es qali,/aseTi cisferi?“; „Camaval mzeTa mgloviareba“).
15. SegviZlia amave rigis movlenad CavTvaloT striqoni ga-
laktionis leqsidan „Semodgomis fragmenti“, sadac grei (albaT,
dorian grei) da zeinabi, evropa da aRmosavleTi erTmaneTTan Sewy-
vilebulia. rogorc qarTul literaturaTmcodneobaSia aRniSnu-
li: „dasavluri da aRmosavluri kulturuli modelebis Sexvedra
qarTul mwerlobaSi „dialoguria“, winaaRmdegobis mudmivi pi-
robiT, vinaidan qarTuli mwerloba da qarTuli literaturuli

53
kanoni mudmivad arsebobs Sinagani moTxovnilebisa da garegani gan-
pirobebulobis zRvarze, dasavlur da aRmosavlur civilizaciaTa
gzaSesayarze“ (ratiani 2018: 29). dasavlur-aRmosavluri esTetikis
sinTezis Sesaxeb saubaria nino darbaiselis publikaciaSi, sadac
mkvlevari aRniSnavs: „artistul yvavilebSi Sesuli leqsi „ucnauri
sasaxle“ Sedegia galaktionis swrafvisa qarTul poeziaSi dasav-
lur-aRmosavlur kulturaTa SenivTebis, „trianoni – Sirazis“
Serwymisaken. rogorc es „artistuli yvavilebis“ gamocemamde zus-
tad saukuniT adre goeTem „dasavlur-aRmosavlur divanSi“ gana-
xorciela, magram goeTesTvis donori – aRmosavluri kultura iyo,
galaktionis rwmeniT ki, aRmosavleTTan saukuneTa manZilze isedac
mWidrod dakavSirebuli qarTuli poeziisTvis donori dasavlu-
ri kulturuli monapovari unda gamxdariyo (T. doiaSvili), oRond
kulturaTa gzajvaredinze, qarTuli poeturi tradiciis mtkice
niadagze unda aSenebuliyo poeziis axleburi, mSvenieri sasaxle.
poeziis, rogorc sityvieri nagebobis, sasaxlis – Seqmna galakti-
onis sanukvari ocneba iyo, magram Tavidan Tu saZirkveli „ucnauri
sasaxlisaTvis“ gaWra da xaraCoebic aRmarTa, Semdgom naSenebis
bevrjerac gadakeTeba mouxda. Tavsac TiTqos ajerebda: „maRal
mTazeda avage sasaxle axal-axali, liTonze ufro magari, piramide-
bze maRalio“, magram sabolood, mainc poeziis taZari „nikorwminda“
aRmarTa“ (darbaiseli 2010: 82-83).

damowmebani:

bodleri 1909: Baudelaire Ch. Flowers of Evil. Facsimile Publisher. 1909.

bodleri 1965: Baudelaire Ch. The Painter of Modern Life and other essays. Phaidon
Press. UK, 1965.
darbaiseli 2010: darbaiseli n. `sami leqsi „artistuli yvavilebidan“.
galaktionologia, V. Tbilisi: 2010.
de freni 2009: De Fren A. “The Anatomical Gaze in Tomorrow’s Eve”. in: Science
Fiction Studies, vol. 36, No. 2, July 2009.
doiaSvili 2003: doiaSvili T. „artistuli yvavilebis“ prologi~.
galaktionologia, II. Tbilisi: 2003.
eizenSteini 1966: Эйзенштейн С. М. Избранные произведения в 6 томах. Т. 4.
Москва: изд. “Искусство”, 1966.

54
 iampolski 1998: The Memory of Tiresias. Intertextuality and Film. Mikhail Iampolski.
University Of California Press. Berkeley, Los Angeles, Oxford: 1998.
kenWoSvili 1999: kenWoSvili i. galaktion tabiZis samyaroSi. Tbilisi:
SoTa rusTavelis saxelobis qarTuli literaturis institutis gamo-
cema, 1999.
kvercxiSvili 2002: kvercxiSvili z. `gaumarjos galaktionologias~.
gaz. „wignebi“, №1 (288), 2002.
kvitaiSvili 2017: kvitaiSvili e. „sxva saukune galaktionis~. galak-
tion tabiZis TxuTmettomeulis xuTi tomis gamo“. sjani, 18. Tbilisi:
Tsu gamomcmloba, 2017.
ratiani 2018: ratiani i. qarTuli mwerloba da msoflio literatu-
ruli procesi. Tbilisi: Tsu gamomcemloba, 2018.
tabiZe 1975: tabiZe g. Txzulebani Tormet tomad, XII. Tbilisi: 1975.
tabiZe 2016: tabiZe g. Txzulebani TxuTmet tomad, t. 2. Tbilisi: 2016.
florenski 1967: Флоренский П. А. Мнимости в геометрии. Учен. зап. Тарту-
ского гос. ун-та, 1967.
SaTiriSvili 2004: SaTiriSvili z. galaktionis poetika da ritorika.
Tbilisi: gamomcemloba `logos-presi~, 2004.
Seqspiri 1954: Seqspiri u. tragediebi, t. II. Tbilisi: gamomcemloba
„sabWoTa mwerali“, 1954.
wifuria 2017: wifuria b. qarTuli teqsti sabWoTa /postsabWoTa/
postmodernul konteqstSi. Tbilisi: ilias saxelmwifo universitetis
gamomcemloba, 2016.
xalvaSi 2010: xalvaSi r. „lurja cxenebis“ interteqsti. J. semiotika,
VII. Tbilisi: ilias saxelmwifo universitetis gamomcemloba, 2010.
xarbedia 2002: xarbedia m. `galaktionis qalaquri teqsti~. galakti-
onologia, I. Tbilisi: 2002.

55
piramidebze maRali

Teimuraz doiaSvili

`da melandeba... moxuci mama~

mamuli

cvrian balaxze Tu fexSiSvela

ar gaviare – raa mamuli?!
winaparTagan wavida yvela,
sxva xalxis ismis aq Jriamuli.
gaSala veli nelma niavma
da melandeba me mis wiaRSi
moxuci mama, moxuci mama
sasxlaviT xelSi dadis venaxSi.
aq TiTo lerwi da TiTo ylorti
masze ocnebas daegvaneba!
isev amwvanda mdelo da kordi!..
davdivar... vwuxvar da menaneba!

galaktionis simbolisturi periodis leqsi `mamuli~,

Tavisufali rTuli, abstrahirebuli tropulobisagan,
Tavisi moCvenebiTi sisadaviT teqstis iolad wvdomis
iluzias qmnis, magram Tu imis garkvevas moviwadinebT, ra
logikiT ukavSirdeba mamulis Secnobas cvrian balaxze
fexSiSvela gavla, vinaa winaparTa Camnacvlebeli `sxva
xalxi~, vin igulisxmeba `moxuci mamis~ imaginaciur xatSi,
an, dasasrul, raa mizezi poetis wuxilisa da sinanulisa,
arcTu martivi amocanis pirispir aRmovCndebiT.
galaktionologiaSi, sxvadasxva konteqstualur gana-
serSi analizis gamo, `mamulis~ ramdenime interpretacia
56
arsebobs. gamoTqmulia azri leqsis savaraudo politi-
kuri qveteqstis Sesaxeb, agreTve – istoriuli momenti-
saTvis damaxasiaTebeli erovnuli nihilizmis arekvlis
Taobaze. calkea aRsaniSni teqstis religiur-zneobrivi
aspeqtiT gaazrebis wadili.
es werili `mamulis~ interpretirebis kidev erTi
cdaa, oRond – kulturul-literaturuli konteqstis
aqcentirebiT.

***
`mamulis~ orplanian struqturaze ukve saTauri
migvaniSnebs: mamuli memkvidreobiT miRebul kerZo-
mflobelobasac aRniSnavs da samSoblos zogad cnebasac.
romeli SinaarsiTaa gamoyenebuli igi galaktionTan?
leqsi aSkarad biografiuli xasiaTisaa. karga xnis Sem-
deg mamiseul ezo-karSi mibrunebul lirikul subieqts
mogonebebi misZalebia, wuxs, rom winaprebi „wasulan~,
aRar arian, aremares „sxva xalxis~ Jriamuli avsebs, upa-
tronod mitovebuli sacxovrisi ki gapartaxebula. dro
musravs yvelafers, qreba raRac mouxelTebeli da Zvir-
fasic, rac poetis guls wuxiliTa da sinanuliT msWvalavs.
pirveli STabeWdilebiT, „mamulSi~ galaktioni TiT-
qos mxolod pirovnul-intimur, kerZoobiT gancdebs gad-
mogvcems, rom ara erTi garemoeba – pirdapiri aluziebi
ilia WavWavaZis `gazafxulTan~ (`tyem moisxa foToli~).
am aluziebs leqsi mamulis sivrcidan samSoblos sivr-
cisken gahyavs. qarTvelTa cnobierebaSi xom sakuTrebis
aRniSvnamde dakninebul sityva `mamuls~ uzenaesi Sinaarsi
iliam daubruna, Seaxsena ra ers, `rom qveynad casa / RvTad
moucia marto mamuli~!
galaktionis leqsi `mamuli~ sulieri memkvidris, Svi-
lis tkiviliani pasuxia mamis mier siWabukeSive dasmul
kiTxvaze:
mamulo sayvarelo,
Sen rosRa ayvavdebi?!

57
 I. `cvrian balaxze...~

arsebobs Sexeduleba, rom `mamulis~ azrobrivi Sina-

arsi leqsis sawyis or taeps, TavisTavadi Rirebulebis
mqone popularul saxes ki ar ukavSirdeba: `cvrian ba-
laxze Tu fexSiSvela /ar gaviare – raa mamuli?!~, ara-
med pirveli strofis Camket or striqons: `winaparTagan
wavida yvela, / sxva xalxis ismis aq Jriamuli~.
jer imis garkveva vcadoT, ra genezisi da semantikuri
siRrme aqvs araordinarul, STambeWdav saxes, romelmac
araerTi cnobili mwerlis (grigol robaqiZe, aleqsandre
abaSeli, tician tabiZe...) teqstebSi hpova gamoZaxili.
galaktioni xSirad TviTon iyo sxvaTa STagonebis
wyaro, magram, arcTu iSviaTad, sxvebisganac iRebda Se-
moqmedebiT impulss. am SemTxvevaSi, SesaZloa, biZgis mim-
cemi aRmoCnda akakis `Cemi Tavgadasavalis~ erTi pasaJi,
sadac naTqvamia: `dildilobiT cvrian velze fexSiSvela
unda gverbinao~ (nodar tabiZe).
gamovlenilia savaraudo ucxouri wyaroebic: artur
rembos leqsi `SegrZneba~ (Teimuraz doiaSvili) da moris
meterlinkis piesa `lurji frinveli~ (vaxtang javaxaZe).
TavisTavad, cvrian balaxze fexSiSveli gavla bu-
nebasTan, miwasTan fizikur-intimuri kontaqtis origina-
luri, esTetikuri manifestirebaa: poeti, rogorc sru-
liad gasageb rames, ise gvTavazobs sakmaod ucnaur
azrs, rom mamuli – es cvrian balaxze fexSiSvela gav-
lis SegrZnebaa! es iseTi uSualobiT, iseTi intonaciuri
siwrfeliT aris naTqvami, TiTqos `mamulis~ cneba am-
gvari SegrZnebis gareSe arc arasodes arsebula, TiTqos
galaktions ar axsovdes winaparTa anderZi, rom mamuli
Sobis adgili da bavSvobis embazia, uflis mier naboZebi
sivrcea – ufaliviT erTi! – romlisTvis Tavganwirvac
adamianis uwmindesi valia.
mamulis koncepti XIX saukunis qarTulma poeziam go-
nebis aqtiuri monawileobiT SeimuSava da gansjiT-didaq-
58
tikuri formiT gamoTqva. amis sapirispirod, galaktioni,
rogorc axali poeziis adepti, gansjiT miRebul daskvnas
ki ar gvawvdis, esTetikuri gamosaxvis obieqtad grZnobad
impulss, SegrZnebas aqcevs. mamuli misTvis, upirvelesad,
cvrian balaxze fexSiSvela gavlis pirvelyofili, da-
uviwyari STabeWdilebaa, romelsac samudamod inaxavs Cve-
ni qvecnobieri.
Tu am dakvirvebas ganvazogadebT, SeumCneveli ver
darCeba poetur saxeSi realizebuli axali Tvalsazrisi,
rom poeziam azris sinamdvile ki ar unda gamoTqvas, ara-
med grZnobaSi uSualod mocemuli realoba – SegrZnebis
realoba!
amgvari gaazrebidan gamomdinare, `mamulis~ erT-erT
savaraudo interteqstad artur rembos saprogramo leq-
si `SegrZneba~ SeiZleba miviCnioT.
rembos `SegrZneba~ – (givi gegeWkoriseul poetur Tar-
gmanSi leqsis saTauria `gancda~) – ase iwyeba:

mxolod cisferi SeRameba SeRebavs ivniss

da bilikebze TavTavebiT daviCxvlitebi,
me – meocnebe atirebul balaxSi vivli
da Subls burusSi gamigrilebs Ramis TiTebi.

aqve momaqvs strofis zusti pwkareduli Targmani:

`zafxulis lurji saRamoebiT biliks gavyvebi, / xor-
bliT naCxvleti, dabal balaxebs gavTelav, / meocnebe, me
vigrZnob mis sigriles ferxTiT. / Cems SiSvel Tavs qars
davabanineb.~
rembosTan, rogorc vxedavT, saubaria balaxian bilik-
ze siarulsa da fexiT sigrilis SegrZnebaze.
genialuri frangi poetis leqsi daweridan 19 wlis Sem-
deg, 1889 wels gamoqveynda da umalve iTargmna evropul
enebze. pirveli rusuli Targmani, romelic inokenti anen-
skis ekuTvnoda, gasuli saukunis dasawyisSi gamoCnda, ra-
sac „gardmoenebis“ mTeli wyeba mohyva. ai, CvenTvis sain-
tereso adgili benediqt livSicis Targmanidan:
59
 В сапфире сумерек пойду я вдоль межы,
Ступая по траве подошвою босою.

balaxze SiSveli fexiT siaruli, Riad Tu miniSnebiT,

gadatanilia sxva rusul TargmanebSic, romelTac, eWv-
gareSea, icnobda galaktioni.
rembos leqsi, saTauriT „Sensation“, rac „SegrZnebas“,
„STabeWdilebas“ niSnavs, TanamedroveTa mier axali, im-
presionistuli esTetikis deklaraciad iqna aRqmuli.
galaktionis poetur cnobierebaSic es leqsi, rusuli
simbolizmis SuamavlobiT, swored amgvari recefciiT
Sevida.
rembos leqsSi miwasTan, samyarosTan fizikuri kavSi-
ri (balaxian bilikze fexSiSvela gavla) Sedarebulia say-
varel qalTan Serwymis mZafr SegrZnebasTan. galakti-
onTan grZnobadi gancda ganwmendilia erotizmisagan da
bunebasTan kontaqti „daviwrovebulia“ mSobliuri miwis
uSualo SegrZnebamde. SegrZnebis gamosaxviT daibada
imgvari mxatvruli saxe, romlis arseboba qarTul poezi-
aSi manamde warmoudgeneli iyo. poeturi xelovnebis
kuTxiT es niSnavda racionaluri warmomavlobis saxe-
kliSeebze uaris Tqmas, manamde gamouTqmelis sferoSi
Tamam SeWras.
cvrian balaxze fexSiSvela gavlis motivi „artis-
tul yvavilebSi“ kidev erTxel gamoCnda, kerZod, leqsSi
„gzaSi“:
mindvrebi, mTebi da zRva yanebi
mzeze elvarebs namebiT sveli,
kvlav uzrunvelad miveqanebi
uCvevad kargi da fexSiSveli.

es mravalmxriv sayuradRebo strofi amjerad imi-

Taa saintereso, rom Zalian axlosaa rembos „SegrZnebis“
teqstTan, rac ganamtkicebs varauds masTan „mamulis“
interteqstualur kavSirze.
60
 mamulis uSualo SegrZnebis gamomxatveli tropi
galaktionTan ara TviTkmari, aramed konceptualuri sa-
xe rom aris, amaze miuTiTebs avtocitirebanic („bavSvi
gzad vlida. balaxi. cvari“ da sxv.) da fexSiSvela siaru-
lis ori Tvisebrivad gansxvavebuli aspeqtis – balaxze
da qvafenilze siarulis kontrastuli dapirispirebac
poetis lirikaSi (leqsi „qalaqisaken“).
amrigad, cvrian balaxze fexSiSveli gavla saxe-kon-
ceptia, hipoTeturad, erTdroulad momdinare erovnu-
li wiaRidan (akaki) da dasavluri „axali poeziidan~
(rembo). Tu gadaWarbebulad ar gamoCndeba, „mamulis“
dasawyisi esTetikuri manifestia erT frazaSi, axali
poeturi gnoseologiisa da mxatvruli formis dabadebis
mauwyebeli qarTul poeziaSi.
„mamulis“ daweridan oci wlis Semdeg cvrian balaxze
fexSiSvela gavlis motivi galaktionma kidev erTxel ga-
ixsena da variaciulad gaimeora leqsSi „gazafxulia“:

gazafxulia. xe foTols isxams.

vazis cremlebiT aivso zvari.
am mSvenier dRes, am dilas sisxams
fexebs gisusxavs es uxvi cvari.

leqsis saTauri da pirveli ori striqoni Ria alu-

ziaa ilias „gazafxulisa“, erT-erTi avtografi ki mci-
re saidumlos gvimxels: galaktionis es leqsi fran-
guli STabeWdilebiTaa Seqmnili („SoriT versali mos-
Cans cisferi, /rosme is Cemi iyo zmaneba“). amis gamo re-
miniscencia rembodan („fexebs gisusxavs es uxvi cvari“)
poetisaTvis Sinaganad motivirebulia. am gviandel teq-
stSi sakmaod SeuniRbavadaa gamJRavnebuli „mamulis“
ori mTavari interteqsti – ilias „gazafxuli“ da rembos
„SegrZneba“.

61
 dgeba sakiTxi: rogor ukavSirdeba „mamulis“ pirveli
ori striqoni – cvriani balaxis motivi mTlian teqsts –
winaprebs, „sxva xalxs“, venaxSi mosiarule „moxuc mamas“
anu yovelive imas, razec leqsSia saubari.
sanam am gzaze win waviwevdeT, oriode sityva vTqvaT
„mamulis“ sawyisi ortaepedis religiuri interpretaci-
is cdaze. poetis RvTaebrivi warmomavlobis ideis sa-
fuZvelze teqstSi amokiTxuli da danaxulia poeti-
angelozis zecidan anu maradiuli samSoblodan miwaze
– amqveyniur samSobloSi dabrunebis aqti: sanam zecis
binadari SiSveli terfebiT ar Seexeba ciTkurTxeul
„cvrian balaxs“, is ver gaigebs, „raa mamuli“!
mxatvruli teqstis recefcia Tavisi bunebiT subieq-
turia, amitom yovel interpretacias arsebobis ufleba
aqvs, magram Tu mas mecnierulobis pretenziac axlavs,
aucilebelia obieqturi argumentireba, am SemTxveva-
Si, Tundac galaktionis religiuri mrwamsis winaswari
kvleva. amis gareSe xelT religiuri cnobierebis reci-
pientis mier leqsis qristianuli saxismetyvelebis mi-
xedviT gaazrebis survili SegvrCeba.
galaktionis winaprebi sasuliero wres ekuTvnodnen,
ganaTlebiT da aRmsareblobiTac poeti marTlmadide-
beli qristiani iyo. igi zedmiwevniT icnobda Zveli da
axali aRTqmis wignebs, Cinebulad iyenebda religiuri
genezisis siuJetebs, motivebs Tu saxeebs Tavis poeziaSi,
magram es rodi niSnavs, rom SemoqmedebiT procesSi or-
Todoqsi morwmunesaviT miwyiv qristianuli saxismety-
velebis simboloebiT azrovnebda. rodesac am aspeqtiT
ganixilaven galaktionis leqsebs, – gansakuTrebiT sim-
bolisturi periodisas, – dasaviwyebeli araa, rom poeti
im Taobas ekuTvnoda, romelic pirispir aRmoCnda „Rmer-
Tis sikvdilis“ Tavzardamcem, krizisul ideasTan. am ide-
am „mTliani msoflaRqmis rRveva“ (tomas elioti) gamo-
iwvia. rRvevis nabzarebi „mamulSic“ moCans, Tumca amaze
– qvemoT...
62
 II. „sxva xalxi“

„mamulis“ interpretatorTa Soris azrTa dapiris-

pireba pirveli strofis bolo orma taepma gamoiwvia:

winaparTagan wavida yvela,

sxva xalxis ismis aq Jriamuli.

vis gulisxmbs leqsSi naxsenebi „sxva xalxi“, romelmac

wasuli winaprebis adgili daikava? – ai sakiTxi, romelic
davis sagani gaxda.
tradiciulad, winaparTa wasvla da „sxva xalxis“ gamo-
Cena TaobaTa bunebriv monacvleobad gaiazreboda („igi
wava da sxva mova“). komunistur cenzuras leqsSi „ide-
ologiuri diversia“ ar aRmouCenia, amitom „mamuli“ da-
ubrkoleblad, yovelgvari cvlilebis gareSe, qveyndebo-
da poetis sicocxleSi: igi Sevida 1927 wlis „zarniSian“
wignSi, daibeWda sisxlian 1937 wels (Txzulebani, t. I), Sem-
deg ki – 1944, 1954 da 1959 wlebis „rCeulebSi“.
„mamulis“ tradiciulisgan gansxvavebuli, axleburi
gaazreba oTar CxeiZis saxels ukavSirdeba. mwerals spe-
cialuri litmcodneobiTi narkvevi arc dauweria misT-
vis gamorCeulad sayvarel leqsze, man mxolod „mamu-
lis“ pirveli strofi waumZRvara epigrafad Tavis romans
„aRmarT-daRmarTi“ (1960). epigrafs da romans, avtoris
CanafiqriT, konceptualurad „sxva xalxis“, rogorc
ucxo tomis moZalebis, eTnikuri eqspansiis motivi aer-
Tianebs. amiT oTar CxeiZem „mamuls“ politikuri qvete-
qsti Seuqmna.
romanis gamoqveynebis Semdeg (1967), axlo xanebSi, mwe-
rals dRiurSi CauniSnavs: „davwere Seviwroveba qarTveli-
sa saqarTveloSi... TviT epigrafisac SeeSindaT, epigra-
fisa, galaktionis leqsisa, – winaparTagan wasula yvela,
sxva xalxis ismis aq Jriamuli“.

63
 SiSi imaSi gamoixata, rom Jurnal „ciskarSi“ „aRmarT-
daRmarTis“ pirveli publikaciisas galaktionis stri-
qonebi represiaSi mohyva – epigrafi cenzuram amoiRo.
oTar CxeiZis mier originaluri xerxiT miniSnebuli
Tvalsazrisis literaturaTmcodneobiTi dasabuTeba
mogvianebiT rostom CxeiZem scada. mkvlevaris azriT,
winaparTa miwaze moJriamule „sxva xalxi“, romlisTvi-
sac ucxoa intimuri mimarTeba qarTul miwasTan, poetSi
sevdian da skeptikur ganwyobilebas iwvevs, amitom „sxva
xalxi“ – „ar aris da arc SeiZleba iyos axali Taoba, ro-
gorc erTi SexedviT SeiZleba mogveCvenos, „sxva xalxi“
marTla sxva xalxia, Cvens miwa-wyalze SemoWrili da ga-
Tamamebuli ucxo Tesli, erovnulobis dakargvas da ga-
dagvarebas rom gviqadis~.
mTavari argumenti, romelic rostom CxeiZes axali
Tvalsazrisis sasargeblod mohyavs, leqsis finalSi in-
tonaciurad xazgasmuli mwuxarebis gancdaa – mwuxarebi-
sa da sinanulis mizezi ar SeiZleba iyos TaobaTa buneb-
rivi monacvleoba, mizezi mxolod ucxo tomis („sxva
xalxis~) moZalebis safrTxeao.
„sxva xalxi~ kidev erTi axleburi – „winaparTa~ („Terg-
daleulTa~) erovnul ideologiasTan dapirispirebis
aspeqtiTac iqna gaazrebuli. am Tvalsazrisis Tanaxmad,
„sxva xalxSi~ igulisxmeba axali Taoba – qarTveli social-
demokratebi Tavisi klasobriobis TeoriiT da erovnuli
nihilizmiT, moaxloebuli revoluciis molodinSi rom
Jriamulobs (guram barnovi).
leqsSi uSualod politikuri Tu socialuri qvete-
qstebis amokiTxva, Cemi azriT, frTxil midgomas mo-
iTxovs. „mamuli~ ar aris samoqalaqo, politikuri lirikis
nimuSi – igi intimuri, elegiuri Janris leqsia, romelic
galaktionma simbolistur krebulSi – „artistul yvavi-
lebSi~ Seitana. Semoqmedebis am etapze poetis lirikaSi
erovnuli Tu socialuri problematika ukana planzea
gadaweuli, mis TvalsawierSi ki ufro sulis metafizi-
64
kuri ltolvani, axali poetur-esTetikuri tendenciebis
mxatvruli xorcSesxmis amocanebia moqceuli. amis gaT-
valiswinebiT, Tu „mamulis~ teqstSi transformirebuli
sinamdvilis aRdgena gvsurs, ufro logikuri Cans lite-
raturul-esTetikur konteqstze orientireba.

***
„sxva xalxis~ Sinaarsis dasadgenad, vfiqrob, arsebi-
Tia imis garkveva, Tu vin hyavs nagulisxmevi galaktions
„winaprebSi~. manamde cxadi mxolod isaa, rom „winaprebi~
da „sxva xalxi~ erTmaneTTan SeuTavsebadi saxe-cnebebia.
winaprebi wavidnen, magram ras niSnavs „winaparTagan
wavida yvela~ – sariTmo poziciaSi gatanili, ritmul-ev-
foniurad sagangebod aqcentirebuli es ganmazogadebe-
li sityva?
leqsema „yvela~ Sinaarsobrivad ugamonaklisobas aR-
niSnavs, magram „mamulSi~ igi, rasakvirvelia, sayovelTao
gadaSenebas ar gvauwyebs. Cemi azriT, am sityviT oden isaa
naTqvami, rom yvela, visac poeti winaprad miiCnevs, wasu-
lia, cocxali aRaraa. aqedan gamomdinare, „winaparTa-
gan wavida yvela~, savaraudod, sulier winamorbedT
– literaturul winaprebs unda gulisxmobdes, romel-
Tagan ukanaskneli – vaJa-fSavela swored 1915 wels anu
„mamulis~ daweris wels gardaicvala.
winaparTa wasvlazea Sefaruli saubari „artistuli
yvavilebis~ kidev erT leqsSi – „sizmrebi~, romelic imave
1915 wliT TariRdeba:

waviden landebi, meore, mesame...

da Rame daWrili frTebiviT daqanda.
Sen ici? Sen ici – me rogor vewame?
rodesac me movel – aravin ar sCanda!

landebi, viszec aqaa saubari, gardacvlili winaprebis

landebia, – (gavixsenoT „akakis landi~), – magram ras unda
niSnavdes „meore, mesame~...
65
 1915 wlis zamTarSi jer akaki gardaicvala, Semdeg,
zafxulSi – vaJa, pirvel landad ki, cxadia, iliaa nagu-
lisxmevi, ufro adre mokluli wiwamurTan. galaktioni
niuansebis eniT, miniSnebiT gvamcnobs, rom didi „lan-
debis~ – ilias, akakis da vaJas gardacvalebis gamo qar-
Tul parnasze Rame Camowva („da Rame daWrili frTebiviT
daqanda~), rom mis gamoCenas da damkvidrebas poeziaSi
win tragikuli gamoTxoveba uZRvoda (akaki xinTibiZe).
„landebi~ simbolisturi vualirebis gareSea dasaxe-
lebuli erT-erT avtografSi leqsisa „dro~ (1915), sadac
vkiTxulobT:

mgosnebo, SeRamda da Zvirfas saflavebs,

panTeons miveciT Zvirfasi sameba:
ilias cremlebi, akakis xanjali
da vaJas gardasul dReebze wameba.

„Zvirfasi samebis~ Temas amave avtografSi saintereso

gagrZeleba aqvs:

mTawmindas dadafnavs Zvirfasi sameba,

mooqrul vardebiT is sikvdils azRaprebs,
Cven Tvalwin dasrulda imaTi wameba
da mitom vigoneb wuxiliT winaprebs.

am strofSi saubaria ara mxolod poeturi samebis mier

zRaprad gardaqmnil sikvdilze (gavixsenoT; „rom am gza-
ze zRaparia mgosanT siTamame~), aramed ilia, akaki da vaJa
pirdapir moixseniebian sityviT „winaprebi~. winaprebi,
romelTac galaktioni cocxlebs Seeswro, wavidnen, anu
„dasrulda imaTi wameba~, maT Semdeg ki, udroobis Jams,
rodesac „aravin ar sCanda~, maTi asparezi „sxva xalxma~
daikava.
Tu marTebulia Cemi varaudi, rom galaktioni „wina-
prebSi~ literaturul winamorbedT – „Zvirfas samebas~
gulisxmobs, aralogikuri xdeba imis daSveba, rom „sxva
66
xalxi~ ucxo toms aRniSnavs, xolo leqss politikuri qve-
teqsti aqvs. ufro marTebuli Cans, rom leqsSi saubaria
literaturul TaobaTa monacvleobasa da tradiciis
wyvetaze, radgan STamomavalni („sxva xalxi~) ar agrZele-
ben „winaprebis~ („Zvirfasi samebis~) gzas. „sxva~ am konteq-
stSi eTnikurad „ucxos~ ki ar aRniSnavs, aramed „gansxva-
vebuls~ – gansxvavebul adamianebs, sxvanair xalxs.
axla vnaxoT, ra suraTs iZleva imdroindeli realur-
istoriuli situacia aseTi interpretaciisaTvis.
ilias da, gansakuTrebiT, akakis gardacvalebis Semdeg
qarTul sazogadoebaSi bunebrivad daisva maTi memkvid-
ris sakiTxi. es Tema aqtualizebulia „akakis landis~
erT-erT variantSic. eliziumidan mSobliur sivrceSi
mobrunebuli akakis landi Tavad daeZebs memkvidres, ra-
Ta simbolurad gadasces Tavisi samgosno qnari. „vin aris
Cemi didi memkvidre, /vin aris Rirsi waiRos qnari?~ –
kiTxulobs danaRvlianebuli akaki, romelsac sasurveli
pretendenti ver upovia. teqsts saintereso gagrZeleba
aqvs:
TiTqo moxucis uecar fiqrze
eqvsi mgosani win wadga nela,
maT, rogorc mTebis mZlavri arwivi,
win miuZRoda vaJa-fSavela.

vaJas kvalze galaktioni kidev xuT poets – „rCeul

parnaselebs~ – CamoTvlis: abaSels, SanSiaSvils, griSaS-
vils, xuroZesa da quCiSvils. akakis poeturi qnaris ga-
dabareba, galaktionis azriT, maT cal-calke ki ara, mxo-
lod erToblivad Tu ZaluZT: „rom yvela erTad Rirsia
erTi – / daumonebel akakis qnaris~.
es fragmenti ori mxriT aris saintereso: vaJas gamor-
Ceuloba misi winamZRolobiTaa xazgasmuli, xolo saku-
Tar Tavze galaktioni arafers ambobs – dums. dumi-
li male dairRveva, roca, „sxva xalxis~ sapirispirod,
winaprebis tradiciis memkvidred oden sakuTar Tavs
dasaxavs.
67
 postklasikuri situacia („aravin ar sCanda~) galak-
tionTan ramdenadme hiperbolizebulia, razec Tundac
mis mierve CamoTvlili „rCeuli parnaselebi~ metyvelebs,
magram isic xom faqtia, rom sicariele, droebiT mainc,
erovnul-literaturuli tradiciebis gamgrZelebelTa
mier ki ar Seivso, aramed imaTgan, visac galaktioni „sxva
xalxad~ Tvlida.
klasikosTa sameulis wasvlas Tan sdevda, erTi mxriT,
maTi uRimRamo epigonebis aqtiuri moZaleba, meore mxriT
ki – ucxo, neoromantizmisa da adreuli simbolizmis,
kliSeebis gadmomRebTa fsevdonovatoruli pretenzi-
ebi, gamomwvevi dapirispireba TergdaleulTa realistur
esTetikasTan da erovnul mrwamsTan. aha, egera, „winapar-
Tagan~ gamdgari, mSobliuri niadagis – „cvriani balaxis~
SegrZnebas moklebuli STamomavloba – „sxva xalxi~!
winaprebisadmi mowiwebis, metic – Tayvaniscemis
grZnoba mudam Tan sdevda galaktions. Wabuks, TiTqmis
yrmas Cauweria: „Cven axalgazrdobas amaTgan gavlili gza
mudam salocavad gveqneba~. epoqaTa gzasayarze, Zvelisa
da axlis mijnaze, poets kvlavac ar tovebda saxelovan
winamorbedTa xsovna („ra mZlavrad quxda maTi saxeli,
/ra didi iyo maTi dideba~), poetebis mefis rangSic
eamayeboda, rom „Cven keTilSobilurad miviReT winapar-
Ta mxurvale ocnebebi~. galaktions mudmivad esmoda
„mamaTa~ xma („da meZaxian mSvid samefoSi / mTebi, sizmrebi
da winaprebi~) da imaSic darwmunebuli iyo, rom sicocx-
lis bolos „kars gauRebdnen mas winaprebi~.
sagangaSo is iyo, rom axalgazrda galaktioni
„Zvirfasi samebis~ sicocxleSive amCnevda, rogor upi-
rispirdeboda maT naTel idealebs axali ideologiiT
mowamlulTa upativcemuloba, Suri da brbos fsiqolo-
gia. „akakis landis~ erT-erT variantSi damafiqrebeli
striqonebi ikiTxeba:

68
 aq mware gza aqvs winaswarmetyvels,
SeCerdi! Suri iRviZebs brboSi,
ar aris wminda, umwikvlo grZnoba
da saqarTvelo saqarTveloSi.
ar aris grZnoba pativiscemis,
ar aris kaci da megobari,
rom odnav mainc Seumsubuqdes
daRlil macxovars wamebis jvari.

gaTiSvis, „winaparTa~ da „sxva xalxis~ ukontaqtobis

ufro mZafri suraTis daxatva Znelia. amitomaa, rom su-
leTidan samSoblos sanugeSeblad dabrunebuli akakis
landi, gzasacdenil, gadagvarebul STamomavalTa „ur-
cxvoba-ugrZnoblobiT~ SeZruli, tovebs qveyanas. aseT
situaciaSi miiRo galaktionma winaparTa qnari da miuxe-
davad imisa, rom „ayefdnen mtrebi, tiroda zari~, Rirse-
ulad Seudga maTs mowameobriv gzas.

***
vfiqrob, dadga dro gavarkvioT, ra faruli ZafebiT
ebmis erTmaneTs cvrian balaxze fexSiSvela gavla, sevda
gardasul winaparTa gamo da „sxva xalxis~ gamoCena.
kiTxvas „raa mamuli?!~ galaktionma poeturi defini-
ciiT upasuxa, rom es, upirveles yovlisa, mSobeli miwis
uSualo SegrZnebaa, magram nuTu am fundamenturi cnebis
Sinaarss mxolod fiziologiuri impulsi qmnis?! miwas
miwadi miaqvs, mamulis ukvdavebas ki Tanamdev sulebTan
uwyveti kavSiri inaxavs – samSoblo miwis SegrZnebis gaq-
robasTan erTad swored winaprebTan sulieri kontaqtis
dakargva gvauwyebs, rom axloa sabediswero Jami, roca
WeSmarit memkvidres genetikurad igive, magram mentalu-
rad gadasxvaferebuli „sxva xalxi~ Caenacvleba.
axla gavixsenoT meterlinkis piesa „lurji frinveli~,
kerZod, personaJi-simbolo – „cvrian balaxze fexSiSve-
la sirbilis netareba~, romliTac isargebla galaktionma,
da gaverkveT, ra funqcia akisria am saxes wyaro-teqstSi.
69
 lurji frinvelis anu idealis maZiebeli bavSvebi
„netarebaTa baRidan~ anu miwier-materialur siameTa
sivrcidan gadainacvleben „aumRvreveli simSvidis baR-
Si~ – sulieri netarebis wiaRSi, sadac isini „cvrian
balaxze fexSiSvela sirbilis netarebas~ xvdebian. es
erT-erTi sawyisi sulieri netarebaa, romelic bavSvebs
„zeviT, siRrmeSi, ciur karibWesTan~ mcxovreb „diad si-
xarulebTan~ akavSirebs. „diadi sixarulebi~ sikeTes, sa-
marTlianobas, azrovnebas, siyvaruls da sxva sulier
faseulobebs ganasaxiereben.
meterlinkis piesis fonze Zneli aRar Cans galaktionis
erTi SexedviT ucnauri saxis – „cvrian balaxze fexSiS-
vela gavlis~ konteqstualuri Sinaarsis amocnoba.
cvrian balaxze fexSiSvela siaruli fizikur da su-
lier SegrZnebaTa zRvarze mdgomi netarebaa: igi im-
pulss fizikuri SegrZnebidan iRebs da, saswaulebri-
vad, Sinagan, sulier mdgomareobad gardaiqmneba. es
materialuris gansulierebis is ideaa, romlis ganxor-
cielebac eocnebeboda vladimir soloviovis filoso-
fiiT gatacebul galaktions. miwasTan uSualo Sexebis
grZnobadi gancdidan ibadeba sulieri gancda – sam-
Soblos grZnobis netareba! swored es sawyisi netareba
miuZRvis pirovnebas „diadi sixarulebisaken~ – winapar-
Ta zeciuri sauflosaken, sadac Tavmoyrilia maT mier
dagrovili umaRlesi sulieri faseulobani – „sixa-
rulebi~, romlebTan ziarebis gareSe adamiani ver iq-
ceva Tavisi eris Svilad. pirovnebam unda gaiaros gza
mSobliuri miwis pirvelyofili SegrZnebidan eris wi-
aRSi dagrovili sulieri saunjis aTvisebamde, ris gare-
Sec identifikaciis aqti („vina var~) ver xorcielde-
ba. vinc am gzas ar gaivlis, an uaryofs, mSobeli miwis
SegrZnebasac dakargavs da, Sesabamisad, erovnul su-
lierebasTan kontaqtsac – maTi simravle ukve „sxva
xalxia~...
70
 III. „moxuci mama~

„mamulis~ meore strofi mTlianad warmosaxviT-imagi-

naciuria:
gaSala veli nelma niavma
da melandeba me mis wiaRSi
moxuci mama, moxuci mama
sasxlaviT xelSi dadis venaxSi.

xilvis, warmosaxuli suraTis centrSi dgas „moxuci

mama~, romlis gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba leqsSi or-
magad aris xazgasmuli – gameorebis xerxiT („moxuci mama,
moxuci mama~) da anJambemanis figuriT. vis gulisxmobs
galaktioni „moxuc mamaSi~ – bunebiT mamas, romelic va-
JiSvilis dabadebamde gardaicvala, Tu es, leqsis far-
To konteqstidan gamomdinare, oden „winapris~ ganzoga-
debuli saxea?
meore strofSi winaprebis Temas iseTi detalebi ax-
lavs, rom warmosaxulis konkretizaciisaken gvibiZgebs.
TiTqos yvela pirobaa saimisod, rom „moxuci mamis~ saxe
akakis davukavSiroT: „mamuli~ dawerilia akakis gardac-
valebis wels, sxva teqstebSic galaktioni akakis „mo-
xucis~ epiTetiT moixseniebs („aq, Cems axlos moxucis
lands sZinavs mefur ZiliT~), xolo „akakis landis~ erT
avtografSi mgosani aseTi StrixebiT aris daxatuli
sagazafxulo ganwyobis fonze:

gamoCnda moxuc akakis landi.

TeTri WaRariT mosili Tmebi
elavda vercxlis elva-cimcimiT
da saxe misi iyo gznebuli
sagazafxulo RvTaebriv RimiT.

„akakis landSi~ galaktioni imasac ambobs, rom didi

poeti marad icocxlebs „Cveni sizmrebis sidiadeSi~ –
71
„mamulis~ moxuci mamac xom warmosaxvaSi, landad evli-
neba galaktions („da melandeba me mis wiaRSi~)?! aqve isic
vTqvaT, rom sulieri winamorbedis „mamis~ metaforiT
warmodgena ucxo ar iyo galaktionisaTvis („xSirad vi-
goneb verlens, rogorc daRupul mamas~).
da mainc... Tu winapris saxis dakonkretebas Sevecde-
biT, „moxuci mamis~ simboloSi, Cemi azriT, upirveles yov-
lisa, ilia WavWavaZe unda iyos nagulisxmevi!
dasawyisSive iTqva, rom „mamuli~ gajerebulia ilias
„gazafxulze~ aluziebiT. Tu „mamulSi“ akakis saxea daqa-
ragmebuli, galaktioni ilias poetur samyaros ratom
mimarTavda?! kavSiri galaktionis „mamulsa~ da ilias
„gazafxuls~ Soris imdenad TvalsaCinoa, rom sagangebo
dasabuTebas arc saWiroebs: mamuli, mdelo (veli), venaxi
(vazi) sagazafxulo gamoRviZeba da kontrastuli para-
lelizmis xerxi leqsis boloSi – yovelive es iliaseulia.
„mamulis~ meore strofSi, Cemi dakvirvebiT, aris erTi
miniSneba, romelic kvlavac iliasTan gvagzavnis. „moxuci
mama~ leqsSi ixilvis „velis~ wiaRSi – warmosaxva gadaS-
lis „vels~ („gaSala veli nelma niavma~) da Sida sivrceSi
vxedavT venaxSi vazTan mofusfuse, mzrunvel moxucs.
sityva „veli~ galaktionis leqsSi, ubralod, loku-
sis aRmniSvneli sityva araa. igi, Cemi azriT, ilias
„aCrdilidan~ momdinare simboluri toposia. mTis mwver-
validan momzirali aCrdilis – moxucis Tvals araferi
izidavs, garda Sors gaSlili velisa, romelzedac
„srul-saqarTvelo~ moCans. poemis istoriul nawilSi
ilia or sityvas – „vels~ da „samSoblos~ sinonimebad iye-
nebs da Tavisufladac unacvlebs erTimeores. magali-
Tad, „veli~ qveynis, samSoblos mniSvnelobiTaa mimarT-
vebSi: „velo, Sens Tavze iyo mravali / quxili, texa, bedisa
gmoba~; „velo, gqonia Senc dro keTili~; „velo, berZenTa
rawams gixiles~; „magram, he, velo! sad aris gmiri~ da
sxv. alag am mimarTvas – „velo~ – bunebrivad enacvleba
„tkbilo qveyanav~.
72
 maSasadame, ilias „aCrdilSi~ veli geografiuli land-
Saftis aRmniSvneli cneba ki araa, aramed – saqarTvelos
istoriuli yofierebis simbolo. amave mniSvnelobiT un-
da iyos gadasuli igi galaktionis „mamulSi~, rasac mxars
uWers fragmenti poetis erTi daumTavrebeli poemisa, sa-
dac iliaseul konteqstSi „veli~ da „saqarTvelo~ aseve
sinonimebia:

o, sabralo saqarTvelo,
bevri ver grZnobs, rom es veli
aris ucnob, usaxelo
meomarTa ferfli Zveli.
sisxli risTvis iRvreboda?
warRvnis dRidan ra xdeboda?
vnaxoT, rom ar vnebdebodiT,
ra vakeTeT,
ras vSvrebodiT?

„mamulSi~ poeturi warmosaxva „gaSlis~ vels, Sedis mis

wiaRSi – istoriis siRrmeSi da iq Wvrets, aRmoaCens imas,
vinc qmnida am istorias – winapars, „moxuc mamas~, saqar-
Tvelos Tanamdev ukvdav suls! gangmiruli, magram po-
etis xilvaSi gacocxlebuli, mkvdreTiT aRmdgari ilias
saxeba TiTqos sakuTarsave personaJs – moxuc aCrdils
Serwymia, maradiulad mamulze mzrunveli „moxuci mamis~
simbolod gardasaxula.
maSasadame, „moxuci mama~ poeturi kontaminaciiT miRe-
buli simbolo Cans, romelsac erTdroulad konkretu-
li da zogadi Sinaarsi aqvs: masSi „aCrdilis~ moxuci
– saqarTvelos Tanamdevi ukvdavi sulic moiazreba da
iliac, rogorc am sulis miwieri xati, ukve Tavadac
simbolos simaRlemde aziduli.
ilias gaidealeba sruliad kanonzomieri iyo galak-
tionisagan: amas karnaxobda ara marto ojaxuri tradicia
(„suli Cveni ojaxis iyo didi ilia~), aramed Segneba misi
Rvawlis epoqalurobisa („wiwamurSi rom mohkles ilia, /
73
maSin epoqa gaTavda didi~). ilias gzis gagrZeleba, miuxe-
davad imisa, rom es „mewamuli gza~ iyo, galaktions zne-
obriv movaleobad miaCnda, radgan sjeroda, rom „ar amaod
miuSvira tyvias / WavWavaZem ganieri mkerdi~.
leqsSi „moxuci mama~ sasxlaviT xelSia warmodgenili,
venaxs dastrialebs da vazis – erovnuli xis gadarCena-
ze zrunavs, usargeblo lerwebs aSorebs. amitomaa, rom
zrunvisa da seleqciis am ganzogadebul suraTSi ilias-
Tan erTad akakic SeiZleba mogvagondes, Tanamdev sulTa
ukvdavi Tanavarskvlavedic da TviT galaktionis bune-
biTi mamac, Tavisi mokrZalebuli da spetaki cxovrebiT.
es winaparTa zneobrivi imperativiT anagebi samyaros
warmosaxvaa, romelsac poetis xsovna inaxavs.
arsebobs cda, „moxuci mama~ religiurad iqnas inter-
pretirebuli da calsaxad daukavSirdes zeciur mamas –
qristes (luara sordia). moxmobilia paralelebic: „RvTa-
ebrivi komediis~ wminda mama, agreTve, goeTes leqsis „Rrma
moxuci wminda mama~, romelic galaktionis „moxuci mamis~
uSualo wyarodaa miCneuli.
rogorc dantesTan, ise goeTesTan msazRvreli sity-
va, romelic „mamis~ RvTaebriv bunebaze miuTiTebs, aris
„wminda~ da ara „moxuci~ – calke aRebuli „moxuci~, „wmin-
das~ gareSe, rogorc es galaktionTanaa, RvTaebriobas
ar gulisxmobs. goeTesTan vkiTxulobT: „Der uralte heilige
Vater“ (sityvasityviT: „uxnesi wminda mama“). „hailiges“
(wminda) gareSe, mxolod „uralte~ (uxnesi) rom iyos, aqac
„mama“ RmerTad verafriT moiazreboda.
ar gamovricxav, rom „mamulis“ meore strofs raRac
kavSiri hqondes ioanes saxarebis pasaJTan: „me vazi
var, Tqven ki – lerwebi. vinc CemSi rCeba da me masSi, igi
bevr nayofs gamoiRebs, radgan uCemod arafris ga-
keTeba ar SegiZliaT. vinc CemSi ar darCeba, gareT ga-
daigdeba, rogorc lerwi, da daWkneba da moagroveben
maT, cecxlSi Cayrian da daiwvebian“ (15: 5-6). sruliad
SesaZlebelia, rom meore strofSi galaktionma saxare-
74
bis saxismetyveleba gamoiyena: „moxuci mama“, – aCrdili,
winapari, ilia – poetisagan gaidealebuli da RmerTTan
gatolebuli, STamomavalT afrTxilebs, rom erovnuli
tradiciis erTguleba, „SigniT yofna“ keTil nayofs
gamoiRebs, xolo misgan gandgoma – mokveTas da daRupvas.
amdenad, sasxlavi venaxze mzrunveli „moxuci mamis“ xelSi
erTdroulad sicocxlis mimniWebelicaa da sasjelis
iaraRic!*

IV. „davdivar... vwuxvar da menaneba~

„mamulis“ bolo, mesame strofi warmosaxuli sivrci-

dan realobaSi gvabrunebs – mamiseul ezo-karSi, venaxSi,
romlis TiToeuli lerwi da ylorti TiTqos sicocxlis
gadarCenas gvamcnobs da mzrunvel mamaze ocnebasac
itevs. sinamdvileSi, bunebis amwvaneba mamulis mouvlelo-
bas da mitovebulobas warmoaCens. gaqra „veli“, rogorc
istoriul-kulturuli sivrce, xolo ezo-kari, rogorc
am sivrcis nawili, gaveranebulia – irgvliv xeluxlebeli
kordi da moli, xasxasa daviwyebis balaxi zeimobs. cota
mogvianebiT amas galaktioni Riad da mZafrad ityvis:

isev afSvenen surnelebas balaxni velad,

magram aravin maT ar agrovebs Sesalocvelad.
partaxi. gzebze ifineba Sqeri, ra ginda?
vazebSi fSati gadabibinda da wyali wminda
aTas Sxamian balaxebiT gadaixata...
* sasxlaviani kacis saxe mogvianebiTac gaielvebs galaktionis erTi
daumTavrebeli poemis xelnawerSi:
aTasferad moqarguli
gadaSlila Tvalwin veli
da sasxlaviT xelSi dadis
iq mgznebare kolxideli.
„mgznebare kolxidelis~ vinaoba saeWvo araa – ilias sabWoTa imperiis
beladi Canacvlebia. galaktioniseul ironias nu gamovricxavT, magram,
etyoba, istoria, marTlac, farsis saxiT meordeba: ra sxvlac Caatara am
„axalma mamam~ mSobliur baR-venaxSi, komentars ar saWiroebs.
75
 simwvanes, balaxs, romelic „mamulSi“ TiTqos aRorZi-
nebis, ganaxlebis macnea, sagazafxulo Sveba ki ara, ra-
Rac Zvirfasis gaqrobis gancda axlavs – am gancdas ga-
laktionma sxvagan balaxebSi mwolare mwuxareba uwoda
(„iyo is mwuxareba balaxebSi mwolare“).
mdelos amwvaneba „mamulSi“ – „isev amwvanda mdelo da
kordi“ variaciaa ilias striqonisa „ayvavebula mdelo“.
sityva „isev“ aq imdenad bunebis movlenis ganmeoreba-mra-
valjeradobas ar aRniSnavs, ramdenadac mimarTebas ilias
leqsTan: gazafxuli gazafxuls cvlis, mamulis bedi ki
isev ucvlelia!
ilias `gazafxuls~, miuxedavad minoruli finalisa,
imedic axlavs, imedi da molodini mamulis aRorZine-
ba-ayvavebisa. galaktionis „mamuli“ sasowarkveTilebis
zRvarTan misuli elegiaa, radgan abibinebuli mdelo
da kordi ara ayvavebis, aramed gavelurebis simwvanea,
mercxlis Wyivils „sxva xalxis“ Jriamuli faravs, vazis
lxeniT tirils ki TiTqos poetis cremli Canacvlebia –
mwuxarebis da sinanulis cremli.
„mamulSi“ Rrma mwuxarebis mizezi mxolod TaobaTa mo-
nacvleoba, „winaparTa“ wasvla da „sxva xalxis“ Jriamuli
araa. sawuTros warmavalobis sevda diaxac gaismis xolme
galaktionis lirikaSi da igi sulier faseulobaTa gan-
qarvebis motivsac xSirad ierTebs, magram „mamulSi“
galaktionis uimedobis mizezi, Cemi azriT, ufro Rrmaa.
leqsSi Zalian mniSvnelovania moqmedebis aRmniSvneli
sityva svla (siaruli): „cvrian balaxze Tu fexSiSvela
ar gaviare“, „moxuci mama sasxlaviT xelSi dadis venax-
Si“, „davdivar... vwuxvar da menaneba“. svlas, siaruls,
moqmedebas ukavSirdeba leqsSi samSoblos SegrZnebac,
winaparTa cxovrebis sazrisic (zrunva) da poetis, ro-
gorc mWvretelis, yofnac mamulSi. poets ar daukar-
gavs mamulis grZnoba, radgan axsovs cvrian balaxze
fexSiSvela gavlis madli, igi pativs miagebs winaprebs da
„sxva xalxsac“ gamijvnia, magram misi inertuli „davdi-
76
var“ moklebulia winaparTaTvis niSandobliv energeti-
kas, qmediT mzrunvelobas, „gauqmebuli taZris~ aRdgenis
swrafvas – gaucxoebis aCrdili Camdgara mamulsa da
am miwis Svils Soris. ai, umTavresi mizezi wuxilisa da
sinanulisa.
„mamuli“ axal istoriul epoqaSi, ilias mkvlelobis
Semdeg daiwera, rodesac „moxuci mamis“ saprogramo lo-
zungi „Cveni Tavi Cvenadve gveyudnes“ orientirSecvli-
li axali Taobis – „sxva xalxis“ mier uaryofil iqna. gam-
JRavnda TaobaTa Soris sulieri kavSiris sabediswero
wyveta, gaCnda aSkara niSnebi erovnuli koSkis CamoSlisa
gaucxoebisa da nihilizmis gamo:

ingreva koSki saukuniT aSenebuli!

winaparTagan motanili Zvirfas brolebiT...
yvelasTvis ucxo da yvelasTvis gaugebari.

ilias mier naloliavebi, uzarmazari ZalisxmeviT na-

kowiwebi „sayovelTao saqarTvelos~ idea, idea erTobisa
galaktionis Tvalwin irRveoda. Tavi iCina ukurnebelma
qarTulma senma: „me Tu Sen, Sen Tu me, oriveni erTad ki
arao“. „sadaa mamuli?“ – ikiTxa Tavis droze iliam da TiT-
qos aRadgina kidec gaTiTokacebuli eri da dakninebuli
cneba mamulisa, magram galaktionis winaSe drom Tavad es
cneba daayena eWvqveS („raa mamuli?!“).
am konteqstSi galaktionis leqsi „mamuli“ mSobliur
miwasTan, winaprebsa da tradiciasTan kavSiris lirikuli
gamJRavnebaa, rasac Tan sdevs mZime wuxilis da sinanulis
gancda. wuxilis mizezi TaobaTa gaTiSvaa, xolo sinanuli
sakuTar umoqmedobas, pasiuroba-umweobas ukavSirdeba.

***
erT leqsSi galaktioni aRwers gamocxadebas „Zveli wi-
naprisa“, romelic mTidan sevdianad gascqeris misgan ru-
dunebiT Seqmnilis iavaryofas:

77
 gadamxmara Cveni baRi,
Cveni baRi Zvelis-Zveli
da cremlebi mosdis moxucs,
daupyria gulze xeli.

moxucis gamocxadeba da mTis toposi ilias xatsa da mis

„aCrdils“ acocxlebs, oRond „moxuci mama“ venaxSi aRar
fusfusebs, axla is Tvalcremliani umzers naamagari ba-
Ris – imave mamulis gaxmoba-ganqarvebas.
ra vizionebs Wvretda mamulze wuxiliTa da sinanuliT
Sepyrobili galaktioni krizisul epoqaSi, sulac araa ga-
saidumloebuli. raRac iliaseulic („moviklaT warsul
droebze dardi“) aris poetis amgvar WvretaSi:

warsuls Cven aRar davedevnebiT

da arc cremlebi dagvedineba.

magram awmyo? momavali?

poetis irgvliv yovelive avdris molodiniTaa gaJRen-
Tili, avismomaswavebeli grigalis molodiniT:

am mwife mtevnebs dalewavs qari,

Tu mwifobisTvem Sescvala dari –
mebaRem mosvla Tu ar ineba!

es striqonebi uneblieT baRSi (venaxSi) mofusfuse

„moxuci mamis“ mogonebas iwvevs: winaparTa zrunviT ga-
darCenili baRi – mamuli, Tu mas gulSematkivari patroni
– axali mebaRe ar gamouCnda, mosalodnel qartexilebSi
gaudaburdeba. swored es aris galaktionis didi da tki-
viliani safiqrali. poets arc iliaseuli „Zveli gaza-
fxulis“ xsovna tovebs da uCinari qaris moaxlovebasac
grZnobs:

Zvel gazafxulis mRelvare suni

mihyveba fiqrebs nislSi da qarSi!

78
kritikuli diskursi

zaza abzianiZe

galaktionis sanTeli
galaktionisadmi miZRvnil mogonebebSi geniSnebaT, ro-
gor damaxsovrebiaT mis Tanamedroveebs erTi simboluri
epizodi: akakis panaSvidi quTaisSi, TeTr xidTan mdebare
eklesiaSi da kedelTan mdgari axalgazrda kaci tanjuli
gamometyvelebiT da ori kelaptriT xelSi. am mizansce-
nis simbolizmi, romelic ori didi qarTveli poetis `mem-
kvidreobiTobas~ asaxierebs (`mefe mokvda – gaumarjos
mefes!~) – calke Temaa. magram, amjerad, im or kelaptar-
Tan erTad, is sanTlebic gavixsenoT, romelTa mkrTali
cimcimi gvexmareba ukeT davinaxoT poetis tanjuli saxis
nakvTebi...
pirvelad, `sanTlebi~ 1914 wels `ainTo~ (J. `Teatri da
cxovreba~, 1914, №31), mere ukve 1919 wels acimcimda `san-
Teli~ – `artistul yvavilebSi~, oRond – simartoveSi!
anu: rac ar unda gasakviri iyos, galaktionma `sanTle-
bi~ Tavisi lirikis saukeTeso nawils ar miakuTvna da es
ufaqizesi leqsi gverdze gadado. im uamrav kiTxvas, ra-
sac galaktionis SemoqmedebiTi biografia badebs, es er-
Tic daemata.
oRond, vidre am Tavsatexs mivubrundebodeT, moviS-
velieb sanTlis saxismetyvelebisadmi miZRvnil statias
`simboloTa ilustrirebuli enciklopediidan~:
`taZarSi – `uflis saxlSi~ mosuli mlocveli aucileb-
lad anTebs sanTels, rogorc rwmenisa da nugeSis maradi-
ul simbolos. sanTeli RvTismsaxurebis dros metyvelebs
swored mlocvelTa gulebSi anTebul RvTis siyvarulze,
xolo sanTelTa simravle – taZarSi gamefebul sulier
zeaweulobas moaswavebs.
79
 bibliuri simbolikiT `sanTeli anTebuli da saCino~
(ioane 5,33-35) ufalTan ziarebis simboloa. albaT swored
amitom uamravi lampriTa da sanTliT gaaCiraRdna IV sa-
ukunis dasawyisSi, aRdgomis dResaswaulze konstantine-
poli konstantine didma, romlis saxelTanacaa dakavSi-
rebuli romis imperiaSi qristianuli sarwmunoebis le-
galizeba (313 w. mediolanis ediqti).
sanTeli, rogorc RvTismsaxurebis ganuyofeli ele-
menti, Zveli aRTqmis RvTismsaxurebidan modis. qristi-
anTa pirveli devnis droidan, mas, garda sakralurisa,
funqcionaluri daniSnulebac hqonda, radgan pirvel
qristianebs liturgiis Catareba warmarTTagan malu-
lad, bnel mRvimeebsa da katakombebSi uwevdaT. imave peri-
odidan romaelebic TiTqmis yvela religiur dResaswa-
ulze intensiurad xmaroben sanTels. ukve II saukunidan
moyolebuli, ganasxvavebdnen cvilisa da qonis sanTlebs
da radgan futkris cvilisgan damzadebuli sanTlebi ga-
cilebiT Zvirad fasobda, am `usisxlo msxverpls~ mxo-
lod da mxolod RvTismsaxurebis dros iyenebdnen.
sanTlis natif saxismetyvelebazea agebuli boris pas-
ternakis lirikuli Sedevri `zamTris Rame~ – sabediswe-
ro siyvarulis ganumeorebeli suraTi, romelic Tan erT-
vis mis romans `eqimi Jivago~.
qarTul poeziaSi sanTlis simbolikaze laparakisas,
folkloruli nimuSebis garda, Cven, raRa Tqma unda, gvax-
sendeba akakis ganumeorebeli `xatis win~ da galaktionis
ori, adrindeli, ufaqizesi leqsi, romelTac swored san-
Tlis simbolika daedoT safuZvlad~ (abzianiZe, elaSvili
2012: 38-39).
enciklopediaSi, am teqstis Semdgom, galaktionis
leqsebia citirebuli da aqac, igive mimdevrobiT min-
da gadavikiTxoT es ori Sedevri. jer `artistul yvavi-
lebSi~ `anTebul~ `sanTels~ davakvirdeT:

80
 Ramis naTelSi, mtverSi, mTvareSi
miyvarda sulis Sexeba Seni,
tfilisis daRlil qaris TareSi,
koSkebi, Zvelad nageb-naSeni.
msubuqi aliT gzebs ekideba
talRebi neli da surneleba,
me maxsovs Seni Zveli dideba
da ganSoreba aw meZneleba.
yoveldRe modis axali talRa
myvirala, susti da dRevandeli,
da droSasaviT me mimaqvs maRla
sanTeli... Seni suli, sanTeli.

galaktionis am simbolologiur enigmebSi, ise, ro-

gorc arsad, vgrZnobT Cvens ucdomelobas erTi iun-
giseuli mignebisa, romlis mixedviT, klasikuri simbo-
lo `unda Seicavdes erTgvar `gaucnobierebel~ aspeqts,
romelic verasodes ver iqneba calsaxad axsnili an
Camoyalibebuli~. da marTlac, paradoqsia, rom antiTe-
zebze agebuli am leqsis mTeli xibli swored mis `ga-
ucnobierebel aspeqtSia~, im `livlivSi~, romelic amC-
nevia misi simbolisturi peizaJis yovel monasms, im mra-
valwertils, romelSic vcdilobT xolme Cvens mier war-
mosaxuli cnebebi da saxelebi CavsvaT...
ver daveTanxmebi zurab kiknaZes, roca igi wers: `vin
aris es `sanTeli~, es `suli~, es `droSa~, Tu ara isev da isev
`maRali landi~? SegveZlo, gvefiqra, rom am leqsis adre-
sati akakia~ (kiknaZe 2015: 229), rom `leqsi saxeobrivad ax-
loa `akakis landTan~, romlis fonzec nawarmoebi SegviZ-
lia aRviqvaT, rogorc mimarTva sulmnaTi mgosnisadmi~.
kidev erTi remarka am `krosvordis SevsebasTan~ dakav-
SirebiT: gana imav `artistul yvavilebSi~, ukve qresto-
maTiul `mamulSi~ deklamirebuli: `winaparTagan wavida
yvela, /sxva xalxis ismis aq Jriamuli~ – ar exmianeba `san-

81
Tlis~ analogiur suraTs: `yoveldRe modis axali talRa
myvirala, susti da dRevandeli...~?!
namdvilad exmianeba. magram rogorc ki movindomebT
galaktionis mravalwertili SevavsoT – poezias publi-
cistikad gadavaqcevT. vgoneb, sword am publicisturma
paTosma acduna Cemi is kolegebi, romelTac `sxva xal-
xSi~ ara drois warmavalobis maradiuli suraTi, aramed
politikuri miniSnebani dainaxes. galaktionis axali
TxuTmettomeulis komentars moviSvelieb: `sxva xalxi~ –
sintagma mkvlevarTa mier interpretirebulia, rogorc:
a) eTnikurad ucxo tomi; b) erovnul ideologiasTan da-
pirispirebuli qarTveli social-demokratebi; g) lite-
raturul asparezze gamosuli fsevdonovatorebis axal-
Taoba – uarmyofeli klasikuri tradiciebisa (tabiZe
2016: 255).
`moxuci mama~ – sintagma mkvlevarTa mier identifici-
rebulia mama RmerTTan, akakisTan, iliasTan~ (tabiZe 2016:
255).
SesaZloa, yovelive is, ris Tqmasac vapireb, marTlac
im gaunelebeli STabeWdilebiTaa nakarnaxevi (rogorc
Teimuraz doiaSvili ambobs: `pirveli STabeWdilebiT, `ma-
mulSi~ galaktioni TiTqos mxolod pirovnul-intimur,
kerZoobiT gancdebs gadmogvcems...~ (esse `da melandeba...
moxuci mama~, doiaSvili 2013: 146). magram, axlac am azrs
vadgevar, rom `mamulSi~galaktioni sworedac rom mo-
xuc mamaze wers da ara did qarTvelebze – im mamaze, ro-
melic TvaliT ar unaxavs da romelic ise wavida am qvey-
nidan, rom dabereba ver moaswro. magram wers iseTi dra-
matizmiTa da eqspresiiT, rom sevdiani mizanscena cvriT
danamul imerul ezoSi moxuci mamis landiT itevs da
iTavisebs mTels Cvens nostalgiur mogonebebs, im uT-
qmel, amoutirebel, Cagmanul tkivils, romelic Cveni fa-
taluri danakargebis gamoZaxilia da romlis gareSec nam-
cecic ar iqneboda CvenSi arc adamianuris da arc `Zalze
adamianurisa~...
82
 axla, galaktionis TxuTmettomeulis pirveli tomi ga-
davSaloT da misi `sanTlebi~ gadavikiTxoT:

Sors, zurmuxtisfer sivrcis iqiT, sanTlebi sCanda.

dasasveneblad miiwevda iq mezRvauri...
erTxel zRva gawyra, airia, gaJinianda...
talRebma Seqmnes vai-viSi, aurzauri...
da gems umiznod, saukunod daagvianda.
mas aqeTia ialqani zRvaze mifrinavs,
misTvis erTia – sad daxuWavs ocneba Tvalebs,
miuwvdomeli sanTlebi ki brwyinavs da brwyinavs...
rogor magonebs is sanTlebi Cems idealebs!

rogorc iTqva, `sanTlebi~ pirvelad 1914 wels gamoq-

veynda JurnalSi `Teatri da cxovreba~ (№31), xolo leqsis
daweris TariRad galaktions erT publikaciaSi 1916 we-
li aqvs miTiTebuli, meoreSi – 1912, xolo mesameSi – 1911
(rac ase sCveoda!). am TariRebis `daZveleba~ pirdapirpro-
porciulia galaktionis wignebis ukve sabWoTa periodSi
gamocemaTa TariRebisa: 1916-1937; 1912-1944 da 1911-1954
(ix. naTia sixaruliZis komentarebi TxuTmettomeulis I
tomis 314-e gverdze). aq garkveuli logikis daZebna namd-
vilad SeiZleba: rac ufro izrdeba galaktionis poetur
krebulebSi dakveTiT dawerili leqsebis xvedriTi wona,
rac ufro `sabWourdeba~ maTi ieri, miT ufro unda `daZ-
veldes~ da periferiaze gairiyos misi lirikis is nawili,
romelsac esodeni disonansi Seaqvs axali leqsebis opti-
mistur paTosSi. am mxriv (da amaze erTgan vwerdi kidec)
`sanimuSo~ iyo avtoris inertulobiT gaTamamebul Semd-
genel-redaqtor-cenzorTa erToblivi ZalisxmeviT 1954
wels gamocemuli usaxuri `rCeuli~(!).
Tuki galaktionis sabWoTadroindel, gamiznul `ana-
qronizmebSi~ garkveuli logika igrZnoba, absoluturad
gaugebaria, ratom ar Seitana man `sanTlebi~ 1919 wels
gamocemul `artistul yvavilebSi~?! rogor Seelia am te-
83
vad da mravlismTqmel metaforas, romelic misi cxovre-
bis (da, sazogadod – misi fsiqotipis adamianis) dramas
warmosaxavda.
Tavs imiT Tu davimSvidebT, rom `artistuli yvavile-
bis~ mxatvrul sivrceSi simboluri sanTeli aqa-iq mainc
cimcimebs. ai, magaliTad, `unazesi xelnaweris~ finali:
serafimis frTa, sevdiani Cemi sanTeli
am baraTebze saukuno alad enTeba!
gadivlis Tvalwin droTa bneli korianteli,
Cumad vSli furclebs. sarkeebSi Cumad Tendeba.

geniSnebaT agreTve `axali mosaxleobis~ pirveli-

ve strofi, romelic raRaciT exmianeba `sanTlebis~
ganwyobas:
Cven erTad vucdidiT RameSi TeTr sanTels,
Cven erTad movrkaleT lodini da ricxvi,
bediviT gamoyva Cems binas SarSandels
uqmi da ugono cxovrebis sircxvili.

axla, rodesac metnaklebi sicxadiT SegviZlia warmo-

visaxoT, rogoraa ganTavsebuli `artistuli yvavilebis~
simbolologiur palitraze sanTeli, mkafiod gamoCnda
isic, rogor gaamdidra galaktionma akakisagan `anderZad
miRebuli~ am sakraluri simbolos speqtri da quTaisis
taZris ritualuri kelaptrebi rogor aametyvela Suq-
CrdilTa ieratiul anbanze.
erTi SexedviT, taZridan profanul sivrceSi gadmo-
tanilma `galaktionis sanTelma~ im ritualuri kelap-
trebis sakraluroba dakarga. magram, kidev erTxel, am
TvaliT Tu gadavxedavT aq moxmobil poetur ilustra-
ciebs, davinaxavT, rogor gadasxvaferda yovelive, rasac
ki miswvda `galaktionis sanTlis~ mocimcime Suqi, rogor
saswaulebriv Semoecala profanulis, miwieris, yofiTis,
imwuTieris bindi da rogor warmoCnda sulieri zeobisa
da ufaqizesi ocnebebis simbolod. aseTi saswauli mxo-
84
lod did xelovnebas SeuZlia da, SemTxveviTi ar iyo, rom
Cvens `simboloTa enciklopediaSi~ amgvari efeqtis vizu-
alur adeqvatad didi frangi fermweris JorJ de la turis
(1593-1652) `mariam magdalinelis monaniebis~ fragmenti
movixmeT sarkeSi areklili sanTliT, sadac mocimcime san-
Teli gacilebiT ufri eqspresiuli da tragikulia, vinem
monanie magdalinelis ganuyreli atributi – amaoebis
simbolo, Tavis qala.
ar minda gamogvrCes is `zogadsimbolisturi~ fonic,
romelic yovelTvis gasaTvaliswinebelia ama Tu im li-
terturuli fenomenis obieqturi Sefasebisas. radgan ase
Tu ise viciT axalgazrda galaktionis literaturuli in-
teresebis areali da misi literaturuli prioritetebi,
`galaktionis sanTlis~ aluziebs, pirvel yovlisa, ru-
suli `vercxlis saukunis~ poetur nimuSebsa da imav po-
etebis naTargmn frang simbolistebTan veZebdiT. sanTe-
li mxolod da mxolod konstantine balmontis sawer ma-
gidaze enTo:

Свеча горит и меркнет и вновь горит сильней,

Но меркнет безвозвратно сиянье юных дней,
Гори же, разгорайся, пока ещё ты юн,
Сильней, полней касайся сердечных звонких струн.
Чтоб было что припомнить на склоне трудных лет,
Чтоб старости холодной светил нетленный свет –
Мечтаний благородных, порывов молодых,
Безумных, но прекрасных, безумных – и святых.
(balmonti 1969: 106-107)

ar aris gasakviri, rom1895 wliT daTariRebuli es

leqsi galaktions wakiTxulic hqonoda. miT umetes,
gasuli saukunis aTian wlebSi, `vefxistyaosnis~ mTarg-
mneli da saqarTveloze Seyvarebuli balmonti qarT-
veli kolegebis gansakuTebul interessa da simpaTias
iwvevda.
85
 es yvelaferi kargi, magram isic vaRiaroT, raoden
banaluri Cans balmontis Tematika da ramdenad fer-
mkrTalia misi simboluri sanaTuri `galaktionis san-
Tlis~ gverdiT. ara mgonia, aq raime mikerZoeba malapa-
rakebdes. rac Seexeba aq ukve naxseneb `zamTris Rames~
boris pasternakisa, XX saukunis rusuli poeziis es Se-
devri ukve Semdgom epoqas ekuTvnis (ufro dawvrilebiT
ix. abzianiZe 2015).
isRa dagvrCenia, asi wlis Semdeg, `galaktionis sanT-
lis~ gamonaTebiT monusxulma mkiTxvelebma qedi movi-
xaroT `artistuli yvavilebis~ genialuri avtoris winaSe.

damowmebani:

abzianiZe 2015: abzianiZe z. `sanTeli enTo~... kreb. erTi Sedevris yvela

qarTuli Targmani. Tbilisi: gamomcemloba `inteleqti~, 2015.
abzianiZe, elaSvili 2012: abzianiZe z., elaSvili q. simboloTa ilus-
trirebuli enciklopedia. t. II. Tbilisi: gamomcemloba `bakmi~, 2012.
balmonti 1969: Бальмонт К. Стихотворения. Ленинград: издательство `Совет-
ский писатель~, 1969.
doiaSvili 2013: doiaSvili T. motiral-mocinari. Tbilisi: gamomcem-
loba `sityva~, 2013.
kiknaZe 2015: kiknaZe z. cecxli da burusi. Tbilisi: fondi `memkvidre-
oba~, 2015.
tabiZe 2016: tabiZe g. Txzulebani TxuTmet tomad. t. II. Tbilisi: 2016.

86
levan bregaZe

aragvis qaragma
qarTul mxatvrul literaturaSi aragvi nikoloz
baraTaSvilis Semoyvanilia. sazogadod, bunebis mimarT
evropelebis yuradReba Jan-Jak rusom gaamaxvila, roman-
tikosebma bunebis esTetikuri aTviseba misgan STagone-
bulebma daiwyes. giorgi nadiraZis sityviT, `SesaZloa
mxatvruli Semoqmedebis istoriaSi bunebis grZnoba arc
arasodes yofila ise mdidari da intensiuri, rogorc
romantikosTa TaobaSi. [...] `landSafts unda ganicdide
rogorc sakuTar sxeuls [...]~, wers novalisi Tavis frag-
mentebSi~ (nadiraZe 2010: 108).
`qarTuli literaturis istoriis~ me-3 tomSi
vkiTxulobT:
`nikoloz baraTaSvilis peizaJur mxatvrobaSi pirveli
adgilTagani ekuTvnis aragvis napirebis cnobil aRweras
poemaSi `bedi qarTlisa~. [...] aq baraTAaSvili araCveuleb-
rivi ZlierebiT gadmogvcems aragvis xeobis mSvenierebas.
poeti cxovel suls STaberavs bunebis suraTebs, mis xmeb-
sa da ferebs da erTi amosunTqviT ambobs am harmoniuli
qveynis simReras:
morbis aragvi aragviani,*
Tan mosZaxian mTani tyianni,
da Seupovrad mouTamaSebs
garemo Tvissa atexil Walebs.
hoi, napirno, aragvis pirno,
mobibineno, SvebiT momzirno...
(abzianiZe 1969: 170).
* epiTeti `aragviani~ (vinc an rac ar agvianebs, swrafia), evfoniurad dakav-
Sirebuli wina sityvasTan (aragvi), erTi xalxuri etimologiis Tanaxmad,
safuZvlad daedo mdinaris saxelwodebas (iToniSvili 1989: 10). am saxelwo-
debis meore xalxuri axsna gvxdeba vaxuSti bagrationTan: `ewoda saxeli ese
am mdinares TvisiTave, vinaiTgan dis Cqarad, mogvis da imRvrevis Savad: `xe-
dav, ara gvis es wyali am xevTa!~ (vaxuSti 1973: 350; Sdr. iToniSvili 1989: 9).
87
 nikoloz baraTaSvilis Semdeg aragvi qarTuli lite-
raturis sakulto mdinared iqca. aragvs eZRvneba ilia
WavWavaZis poemis `aCrdilis~ (1859) me-5 Tavi, romelic ase
iwyeba:
Cveno aragvo! rarig miyvarxar!..
qarTvlis cxovrebis mowame Sen xar...
Sens kideebzed Cemi mamuli
iyo erT drosa gamSvenebuli!
Cemis qveynisa dideba Zveli
Sens wminda Tval-win ayvavebula;
miyvarxar misTvis, rome qarTveli
aq – Sens kidezed dabadebula.
(WavWavaZe 1987: 182).

vaJa-fSavelas leqsis `aragvs~ (1886) pirveli ori stro-

fi ase JRers:

dawuxebulma, aragvo,
ro gnaxe, gavixareo,
sruliad gamovicvale,
welSiac avixareo.

ra lamazia, wyeulo,
SenT zvirTTa laRni Cqerani,
gaafTrebulsa talRasa
kldes ro wauvlen Tqerani!
(vaJa-fSavela 1961: 50).

aragvis aRweriT iwyeba akaki wereTlis moTxroba

`baSi-aCuki~ (1895-96):
`Tvalmiuwvdomel siSoridan gveliviT moiklaknebo-
da CuxCuxa aragvi da erTgan kldovan kides gametebiT
exleboda, rom axali gza gaekvlia!.. Tavs ar izogavda,
magram Seupovrobisagan ukuqceuli, daretianebuli da
Tavbrudasxmuli, TiTqos sulis mosabruneblad, iqve
morevSi ramdenjerme motrialdeboda xolme da mere ki
88
dakvirvebiT gadadioda dablobze, rom ufro metis sifr-
TxiliTa da kvnesa-duduniT daSvebuliyo qvemoatexil
Walebisaken~ (wereTeli 1958: 124).
1919 wels galaktion tabiZe aqveynebs leqss saTauriT
`aragvi~ – LIII nomriT Seaqvs igi `artistul yvavilebSi~
(`Crâne aux fleurs artistiques~):

Tan mimyoli Crdilebi, auxsneli qaragmi,

sadac mwvane velia da mquxare aragvi,

sadac moklul ocnebiT RimilisTvis Cavedi,

sadac xevsureTia, TuSeTi da fSaveTi.

erTxel Svid weliwadSi Seni ca gaixsneba,

rasac maSin isurveb – yvelaferi iqneba.

garinddeba mdinare (es aragvi, zmaneba),

yvelaferi ucnaur mosvlas daemgvaneba.
(tabiZe 2016b: 122).

zemoT citirebul leqsTa avtorebisagan gansxvavebiT,

galaktion tabiZe cdilobs idumalebiT Semosos mdinarec
da mis mimarT Tavisi damokidebulebac, rac savsebiT Se-
esatyviseba simbolisturi poetikis moTxovnilebebs, anu
im poetikis moTxovnebs, romliTac aris nasazrdoebi es
wigni – `Crâne aux fleurs artistiques~ (Sdr. Teimuraz doiaSvilis
analizi leqsisa `alvebi TovlSi~, sadac leqsis mxatvrul
sistemaSi samyaros simbolisturi modeli amave xerxiT –
`obieqturi sinamdvilisa da poetis subieqturi xilvebis
SerwymiT~ – aris realizebuli [doiaSvili 1982: 69]).
gansaxilavi leqsis sivrceSi idumalebis Semomtania
gamoTqma `auxsneli qaragmi~, romelic aragvisa da misi
Semogarenis mimarT aris naTqvami; agreTve cis gaxsnis Se-
saxeb xalxuri rwmenis gaxseneba, rac TiTqosda Svid weli-
wadSi erTxel xdeba, da, rasac am dros isurveb, yovelive

89
Segisruldeba;* aseve – zmanebad moxsenieba mquxare arag-
visa, romelic erTxelac garinddeba (albaT maSin, roca
masTan misul poets ca gaexsneba) da yovelive es ucnaur
mosvlas daemsgavseba. (pirveli strofis mquxare aragvis
saswaulebrivi garindeba leqsis bolos mkafio simbolis-
turi markeria).
sintagma `ucnauri mosvla~ gansakuTrebiT aucna-
urebs** leqsSi moniSnul garemos. `ucnauri mosvla~, ro-
gorc Cans, aris gaucnaurebuli Targmani rusuli gamo-
Tqmisa `чудное пришествие~, romliTac aRiniSneba zebu-
nebrivi movlena, saswaulebrivi gamocxadeba RvTaebis an
romelime wmindanisa.*** `ucnaur mosvlas~ gaucnaurebuli
Targmani imitom vuwodeT, rom es gamoTqma qarTulad,
Cveulebriv, aseTi saxiT gvxvdeba: `sakvirveli mov-
lineba~**** an `sakvirveli gamocxadeba~.***** leqsikur-
frazeologiuri gaucnaureba/gaucxoeba aq idumalebas
hmatebs saTqmels.

* Sdr. es adgili `mociqulTa saqmidan~ (10. 11-13): moSiebulma petrem `ixila

gaxsnili ca, da misken Camomavali raRac WurWeli, didi tilos msgavsi,
oTxive wveriT gamokruli da miwaze CamoSvebuli, romelSiac iyo qveynad
mcxovrebi yovelgvari oTxfexi, qvewarmavlebi da cis frinvelebi. da iyo xma
mis mimarT: adeqi, petre, dakali da Wame~ (biblia 1989: 1081).
Tedo saxokias `qarTul xatovan sityva-TqmanSi~ vkiTxulobT: `cis gaxsnis
Seswreba – netareba, usazRvro bedniereba. `rodesac giWvret, cas vxedav
gaxsnils da sasufevlis mSvenirebas~ [akaki]~ (saxokia 1979: 809).
naira gelaSvilis `sarkis natexebSi~ am xalxuri rwmena-warmodgenis aseT
versias vxvdebiT: `Cemi gamzrdelis uryevi rwmeniT, Svid weliwadSi erTxel,
aRdgoma diliT, mzis amosvlamde, ca ixsneboda da mkerdze batkanmixutebuli
qriste Cndeboda. am dros Tu moaswrebdi da Sens survils xmamaRla
SesTxovdi, ra Txovnac ar unda yofiliyo, agisrulebda~ (gelaSvili 2006: 87).
** Sdr.: остранение – `gaucnaureba~, rusuli Sesatyvisi germanuli Verfremdung-
isa (gaucxoebisa), rac me-20 saukunis damdegs damkvidrda esTetikaSi.
*** Sdr.: `Обучившись несколько русскому языку, он (Антоний Римляни. –l. b.) открыл
тайну своего чудного пришествия одному только епископу святому Никите~ (tolstoi
1870).
**** Sdr.: „amaod cdilobs zogierTi enoqisa da ilias sakvirveli movlineba
ganmartos simboluri mniSvnelobiT“ (interneti 1).
***** Sdr.: `moses, romelic faras mwyemsavda, qorebis – RvTis mTaze sakvir-
veli gamocxadeba hqonda~ (interneti 2).
90
 ***
aragvs galaktionis kidev ramdenime leqsi eZRvneba
(`kars gauReben mas winaprebi~ [1927], usaTauro `me TviTon
vici Cemi ambavi~ [1927], `aragvi~ (1942), `aragvis qari~ (1942),
romelTagan CvenTvis amjerad gansakuTrebiT sagulis-
xmoa xuTstrofiani leqsi `xelSekruleba, dadebuli erT-
xel aragvTan...~, romelic pirvelad 1959 wlis `rCeulSi~
daibeWda,* da aragvis piras gamarTuli saidumlo antisa-
xelisuflebo krebebis mosagonaria:

xelSekruleba, dadebuli erTxel aragvTan,

mgosans rom mxdida Sens raindad da gmirTa gmirad, –
rCeba ZalaSi. CemSi isev alaparakda
da is simarTle kvlav mamaRlebs aragvis pirad.
[...]
mxrebs aiweven kvlav aragvis mTis mwvervalebi.
aq cxraas rvaSi farul krebebs viwvevdiT xSirad,
rogor brwyinavdnen is cocxali, didi Tvalebi,
Tavisuflebas rom eZebdnen aragvis pirad.
(tabiZe 1966: 44-45).

sintagma `aragvis pirad~, romliTac bolovdeba yvela

strofi, agreTve aragvTan dadebuli xelSekrulebis mo-
tivi, galaktions laitmotivebad aqvs gamoyenebuli da-
umTavrebel poemaSi, romlis saTauria `puSkini~, rac imiT
aris gamowveuli, rom Cveni aragvi aleqsandr puSkinis
cnobil usaTauro leqsSic xmaurobs – `На холмах Грузии
лежит ночная мгла; / Шумит Арагва предо мною~ (puSkini 1959:
246). Tavisufali ritmebiT Sesrulebul uriTmo daum-
Tavrebel poemaSi originalis enazea citirebuli puSki-
nis es striqonebi, romlebze dayrdnobiTac galaktioni
aseT suraTebs xatavs:

* TormettomeulSi misi daweris TariRad 1918 welia miTiTebuli, oRond

kiTxvis niSnis qveS.
91
 `mwuxare da sevdiani, / sdgeba puSkini / Cems warmodge-
naSi / ayvavebul gzaze / aragvis piras (gv. 286) [...]. da ixede-
boda aqeT-iqiT, / mwuxare da swrafi / TvalebiT, / aragvis
pirad (gv. 287) [...]. da es xma ufro naTelia / aragvis pirad!
/ igi laparakobs / aragviseburad: nakadulebiT, mdinare-
ebiT... (gv. 288) [...]. gulze erT xels idebs, / meores / iSvers
aragvisaken... (gv. 288-289) [...]. aq mis xmaSi / aris aqcenti
/ aragvis napirebis (gv. 289) [...]. ai, dgas puSkini / aragvis
pirTan (gv. 292) [...]. mas eCveneba mSvenieri qali, / romelic
Camodis / saqarTvelos gorebidan / aragvispirad (gv. 292)
[...]. im dros rodesac puSkini / sdebda / xelSekrulebas /
aragvTan, / Cadaevi xsnida kanonebs (gv. 294) [...]. puSkinsa da
aragvs Soris / dadebuli / xelSekruleba / ZalaSi rCeba...
(gv. 296) [...]. saqarTvelos sataxto qalaqSi / Tan misdevs
puSkins / aragvis xmauri (gv. 296) [...]. kargia, Zlier kargi
/ emsaxuro aragvis / silamazes, Svenebas... (gv. 296) (tabiZe
1973: 286-296).*

da bolos pasaJi, romelsac pirobiTad SeiZleba vu-

wodoT `aragvis wigni~ – aq gadmocemulia poetis damokide-
buleba aragvisadmi, saidanac Cans, rom aragvi misTvis bev-
rad metia, vidre mTis ulamazesi mdinare, aragvi misTvis
aris umniSvnelovanesi, mravlismomcveli simbolo, ro-
melic poetis warmodgenaSi ganasaxierebs cxovrebasac da
adamianobis arssac:

`aragvis wigni / erTi yvelaze didi wignTagania, / rac

ki arsebobs / yvela drois xelovnebaSi, / da SeiZleba /
yvelaze ufro gasakvirveli, / rac ki odesme dawerilia /
adamianis kalmis mier, / aragvis wigni / TviT cxovreba aris.

* aragvTan dadebuli xelSekruleba – daumTavrebeli poemis erT-erTi mTa-

vari mxatvruli migneba, orjer gvxvdeba am poemis safuZvelze Seqmnil jva-
redinad gariTmul rusul teqstSi saTauriT `Сердечное спасибо, Пушкин~,
romelic wignSi Галактион Табидзе. Стихотворения и поэмы (М., 1958) daTariRe-
bulia 1949 wliT (mTargmneli g. kreitani): `О Пушкин, твой с Арагви договор /
Навеки заключен...~ – es pirveli-meore taepebia, da 22 striqonis Semdeg: `Поэта
и Арагви договор / Бессмертен, и велик, и жив навечно~ (tabiZe 1973: 433; Sdr. tabiZe
1958: 360-261).
92
/ [...] aragvis wigni / modis / socialur ocnebamdec ki, / is
gviCvenebs mTeli Tavisi / siSiSvliT / rac aris suli, / rac
aris adamianis guli!~ (tabiZe 1973: 298-299).

mistikuri idumalebiT aRsavse pasaJia, romelic ram-

denadme exmianeba `artistul yvavilebSi~ Sesuli leq-
sis iracionalur ganwyobas – `auxsnel qaragmas~, `cis
gaxsnasa~ da `ucnaur mosvlas~.

***
`artistul yvavilebSi~ Setanil leqsSi poeti aragvis
monaxulebis mizezzec migvaniSnebs, roca gveubneba –
`sadac moklul ocnebiT RimilisTvis Cavedi~. es SeiZleba
ase gavigoT: mas Semdeg, rac ocneba ver avixdine, nugeSis
saZieblad aragvs mivaSureo, im aragvs, romelic ilia
WavWavaZisTvis ukve ganasaxierebs matianes, sadac SeiZ-
leba amoikiTxo samSoblos warsuli, rac SesaZlebelia
dagexmaros mtanjvel kiTxvaTa pasuxis Ziebisas (`Sens
zvirTebs Soris Cemis qveynisa / grZeli moTxroba damar-
xulia [...]. gulxeldakrefiT Sensa wminda wyals / ramden-
jer tanjviT vadevnebdi Tvals!.. / ras veZebdi me? Cem
qveynis warsuls...~. – WavWavaZe 1987: 182-183).
`artistuli yvavilebis~ avtors imedi aqvs, rom aragvi
mas aramarto mxneobas Sehmatebs, aramed mis bedniereba-
sac odesme aq Caeyreba safuZveli, am magiuri, zebunebrivi
Tvisebebis mqone mdinaris piras (`erTxel Svid weliwadSi
Seni ca gaixsneba, / rasac maSin isurveb – yvelaferi iqneba~).
jerjerobiT ki `artistuli yvavilebis~ lirikuli
`me~, samSoblosa da mSobeli xalxisagan gaucxoebuli,
aragvs gamosamSvidobeblad ewvia, vinaidan ucxoeTs miemg-
zavreba (amave wignis erT leqsSi, `mzadeba gasamgzavreb-
lad~, vkiTxulobT: `radgan ar maqvs samSoblo, radgan ar
myavs aravin, / isev ucxoeTisken mimafrenen navebi~ [tabiZe
2016b: 134], xolo leqsSi, romlis saTauria `ramdenime dRe
petrogradSi~ acxadebs: `kargia Zili rkinaze mZime! / an
ucxoeTSi ugzod dakargva!~ [tabiZe 2016b: 151]).
93
 `aragvs~ krebulSi win uZRvis leqsi `TibaTve gavi-
da~, romelSic aseTi striqonebia: `mec male CrdiloeTs
vewvevi kidobniT, / mSvidobiT, mSvidobiT, mSvidobiT!~
(tabiZe 2016b: 121).
1917-1918 wlebSi, rodesac leqsTa es krebuli mzad-
deboda, galaktioni eqvsi TviT gaemgzavra moskovs da
cota xniT revoluciur petrogradsac ewvia (doiaS-
vili 2013: 169). ase rom, zemoT damowmebuli striqonebi
avtobiografiul momentebs asaxavs da isic gasaTvalis-
winebelia, rom `galaktionis pirveli ori wigni – `leq-
sebi~ (1914) da `Crâne aux fleurs artistiques~ (1919) ar aris teq-
stebis Cveulebrivi nakrebi. TiToeuli maTgani poetis
mier mxatvrul mTlianobad aris Cafiqrebuli~ (tabiZe
2016a: 10); amas isic mowmobs, rom samSobloSi dabrunebis
amsaxveli leqsebi, `gemi `dalandi~ da `dabruneba~ bo-
losken aris ganTavsebuli. axla ki, rogorc gansaxilavi
leqsidan Cans, poeti samSoblodan gamgzavrebis win Zalis
mosakrebad, mxneobis Sesamateblad miaxlebia aragvs,
auxsnel qaragmas da Tavisi idumalebiT magiuri zemoq-
medebis SemZle mdinares.

P. S.
vfiqrob, Zneli misaxvedri ar aris, ras niSnavs meta-
fora `aragvTan dadebuli xelSekruleba~ („xelSekrule-
ba, dadebuli erTxel aragvTan, / mgosans rom mxdida Sens
raindad da gmirTa gmirad, – / rCeba ZalaSi~ [tabiZe 1966:
44]; `puSkinsa da aragvs Soris / dadebuli / xelSekruleba
/ ZalaSi rCeba~ [tabiZe 1973: 296]). miT ufro gagviadvilde-
ba am tropis `gaSifvra~, Tu daumTavrebeli poemis zemoT
ukve citirebul am adgilsac gavixsenebT: `kargia, Zlier
kargi / emsaxuro aragvis / silamazes, Svenebas~ (tabiZe
1973: 296) – anu: `xelSekrulebis~ Tanaxmad, poeti (mo)em-
saxureba (umRers, ganadidebs, popularizacias gauwevs)
aragvs, xolo es grZneuli mdinare ki sicocxlis xalisiT,
SemoqmedebiTi energiiTa da STagonebiT aRavsebs mgosans,
raindad da gmirTa gmirad aqcevs mas.
94
 damowmebani:

abzianiZe 1969: abzianiZe g. `nikoloz baraTaSvili~. wignSi: qarTuli

literaturis istoria, t. III. Tbilisi: gamomcemloba `sabWoTa saqar-
Tvelo~, 1969.
biblia 1989: biblia. Tbilisi: saqarTvelos sapatriarqo, 1989.
gelaSvili 2006: gelaSvili n. sarkis natexebi. Tbilisi: gamomcemloba
`kavkasiuri saxli~, 2006.
doiaSvili 1982: doiaSvili T. literaturul-kritikuli werilebi.
Tbilisi: gamomcemloba `merani~, 1987.
doiaSvili 2013: doiaSvili T. motiral-mocinari. Tbilisi: gamomcem-
loba `sityva~, 2013.
vaJa-fSAvela 1961: vaJa-fSavela. TxzulebaTa sruli krebuli xuT to-
mad, t. I. Tbilisi: gamomcemloba `sabWoTa saqarTvelo~, 1961.
vaxuSti 1973: batoniSvili vaxuSti. `aRwera samefosa saqarTvelosa~.
qarTlis cxovreba, t. IV. teqsti dadgenili yvela ZiriTadi xelnaweris
mixedviT s. yauxCiSvilis mier. Tbilisi: gamomcemloba `sabWoTa saqar-
Tvelo~, 1973.
iToniSvili 1989: iToniSvili v. aragvi da aragvelebi. Tbilisi: gamom-
cemloba `mecniereba~, 1989.
interneti 1: enoqi da ilia – meored mosvlis winamorbedni. http://www.
apocalypse.ge/publikaciebi–ioane–gvtismetyvelis–saidumlo.html
interneti 2: karibWe. ambebi GE. http://karibche.ambebi.ge/tsminda-tserili/3222-
qskhva-ra-unda-iyos-thu-ara-uflis-sakhli-es-catha-karibtceaq.html
nadiraZe 2010: nadiraZe g. nikoloz baraTaSvilis cxovreba da esTeti-
kuri samyaro. Tbilisi: gamomcemloba `saari~, 2010.
puSkini 1959: Пушкин А. С. Собрание сочинений в десяти томах, т. 2. Москва:
Государственное издательство художественной литературы, 1959.
saxokia 1979: saxokia T. qarTuli xatovani sityva-Tqmani. Tbilisi:
gamomcemloba `merani~, 1979.
tabiZe 1958: Табидзе Г. Стихотворения и поэмы. Москва: 1958.
tabiZe 1966: tabiZe g. Txzulebani Tormet tomad, t. II. Tbilisi: gamom-
cemloba `sabWoTa saqarTvelo~, 1966.
tabiZe 1967: tabiZe g. Txzulebani Tormet tomad, t. V. Tbilisi: gamom-
cemloba `sabWoTa saqarTvelo~, 1967.

95
 tabiZe 1973: tabiZe g. Txzulebani Tormet tomad, t. X. Tbilisi: gamom-
cemloba `sabWoTa saqarTvelo~, 1973.
tabiZe 2016a: tabiZe g. Txzulebani TxuTmet tomad, t. I. Tbilisi: SoTa
rusTavelis qarTuli literaturis instituti, 2016.
tabiZe 2016b: tabiZe g. Txzulebani TxuTmet tomad, t. II. Tbilisi: SoTa
rusTavelis qarTuli literaturis instituti, 2016.
tolstoi 1870: Толстой М. В. Рассказы из истории русской церкви. Москва:
1870. Книга I, глава V. https://www.ccel.org/contrib/ru/History/History5.html
wereTeli 1958: wereTeli a. TxzulebaTa sruli krebuli TxuTmet to-
mad, t. VII. Tbilisi: gamomcemloba `sabWoTa saqarTvelo~, 1950.
WavWavaZe 1987: WavWavaZe i. TxzulebaTa sruli krebuli oc tomad, t. I.
Tbilisi: gamomcemloba `mecniereba~, 1987.

96
irakli kenWoSvili

`domino~-s semantika da poetika

`domino~ ar ganekuTvneba galaktionis saukeTeso leq-

sTa ricxvs, magram igi sayuradReboa imiT, rom masSi gan-
sakuTrebiT cxadad Cans poetis `artistuli yvavilebis~
xanis lirikisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli araerTi postsimbo-
listuri niSan-Tviseba. rogorc semantikuri, aseve po-
etikis TvalsazrisiT `domino~ rTuli teqstia, romlis
Seswavlas isic arTulebs, rom mis Sesaxeb ar mogvepoveba
metateqsturi xasiaTis masala; ucnobia misi daweris adgi-
li da zusti TariRi*.
es leqsi semantikuradac da ritmuli TvalsazrisiT
or monakveTad iyofa, romelTagan meore iwyeba taepiT
`TeTri kvamli zRaprebis...~. orive segmentSi gamokveTi-
lia erTgvari citatebisagan Semdgari is semiotikuri maC-
veneblebi, romlebic gzas gvikvleven leqsis semantikis
axsnisaken. pirvelSi aseTebis wyebas ganekuTvnebian saTa-
ursa da teqstSi araerTgzis warmodgenili, xolo leqsis
bolos muqi SriftiTac gamoyofili domino; leqsis
kompoziciuri CarCo (`wmindao, damicev!..~), suroebiT Se-
mosili dawyevlili sasaxle / saxli, niRbebi, Selocvebi,
jadosnuri zRaprebis elementebi da fermkrTali qale-
bi. isini goTikuri prozis, upirvelesad edgar pos
(`eSerTa saxlis dacema~, `wiTeli sikvdilis niRabi~,
`ligea~, `morela~) interteqstze migvaniSneben da amiT
leqsis pirvel kompoziciur monakveTSi goTikuri teq-
stebis atmosferos nergaven. amasTanave, alersiTa Tu
romantikuli tonalobiT naxsenebi idumali domino
* SesaZloa, am leqsis dawerisaTvis biZgis mimcemi gaxda moskovis mTavar
(tverskaias) quCaze mdebare kafe `domino~, romelic 1918 wels `sruliad
ruseTis poetebis kavSirs~ gadaeca. SesaZloa, moskovSi yofnisas galaktioni
moeswro im dros, rodesac es kafe poetebis bohemur adgilad iqca. am kafes
xumrobiT sagiJeTs uwodebdnen, radgan mis zemoT, meore sarTulze veeba abra
iuwyeboda: Лечебница для душевнобольных (suliT daavadebulTa samkurnalo).
97
(`mtanjavs me uSenoba, / idumalo domino!”) poligenezisu-
ri citataa; exmianeba Teofil goties leqss `karnavali~,
romelSic veneciuri karnavalis dros lirikuli subieq-
ti niRbian mocekvaveTa Soris misTvis Zvirfas arsebas
icnobs: `kadenciis kvalad misrialebs domino da misi
quTuToebis Savi abreSumidan mxolod macduri mzera
gamokrTis~. ase wamierad Cndeba `domino~-s bnel goTikur
samyaroSi Zvirfasi da idumali dominos monatrebis mo-
tivi, romelic moulodnelad gaismis agreTve leqsSi
`ucnauri sasaxle~: `momklavs me uSenoba!~
xsenebulis garda, domino* agreTve iseT interteqstSi
aRiqmeba, rogoricaa andrei belis romani `peterburgi~
da leqsebi `maskaradi~, `zeimi~ da `wiTel baRSi~. leqsSi
`maskaradi~ (1908) wiTeli domino borotebaze Surisma-
Ziebeli personaJia (“Только там по гулким залам, / Там, где
пусто и темно – / С окровавленным кинжалом / Пробежало доми-
но” – `xmaurian darbazebSi /, sibneleSi idumal / sisxliani
xanjliT xelSi / gairbina dominom~); `peterburgi~-s wiTe-
li domino revoluciur stiqias, anarqiul ZalTa TareSs
ganasaxierebs. am interteqstSi CarTulobis Sedegad ga-
laktionis `domino~ Taviseburad Tavsdeba revuluciuri
* `domino~-s Sesaxeb araerTi mosazrebaa gamoTqmuli, romelTa Soris erTi
(sordia 2009) sruliad kuriozulia: `dantes domenikosaviT, galaktioni
dahkankalebs uflis baR-venaxs (saqarTvelos) da moZmeT WeSmarit gzas
uCvenebs~ (gv. 79); galaktionis `domino~-Si `qristes simboloebia: sanTeli,
wigni, zafxuli~ (gv. 143); `mariamis saxe-xatebia: udidesi ca, xelebi, TiTebis
grZeli zambaxebi, beWedi~, xolo `galaktionis pirovneba gacxadda, rogorc
[...] uflisagan kurTxeuli mebaRe, anu domino~. Semdeg: `suliwmindis madliT
cxebuli~ (gv. 137) `galaktionis `domino~ dantes domenikos uaxlovdeba. Cve-
ni SexedulebiT, domino aris galaktionis Semoqmedebis erT-erTi umTavresi
problemis – RmerTis Ziebis, misi povnisa da qristianuli rwmenis SeubRa-
lavad dacva-Senaxvis ideis mxatvruli xorcSesxma~ (gv. 144). jer erTi, ara
domeniko, aramed dominiko, anu dominikanelTa ordenis damarsebeli wminda
dominiko, romelsac dante misi saxelis xsenebis gareSe Tavis poemaSi orjer
asxams qebas, rogorc eklesiis did damcvels. wminda dominikosa da galak-
tionis dominos Soris araferia saerTo fonetikuri msgavsebis garda. rac
mTavaria, maSinac, roca galaktioni mxatvruli saxeebisa da maradiuli mo-
tivebis uSret wyaros – antikurobisa da qristianobis universalur mo-
tivebsa da saxeebs mimarTavs, amas ara religiuri, aramed esTetikuri amo-
canebisaTvis iyenebs.
98
kataklizmebis amsaxveli iseTi leqsebis wyebaSi, rogore-
bicaa `rogor ebrZoden zarebs zarebi~, `ramdenime dRe
petrogradSi~ da `SiSi~.
Tu gaviTvaliswinebT imas, Tu raoden gafacicebiT
adevnebda galaktioni Tvalyurs vercxlis xanis rusul
literaturas, didi albaTobiT unda vivaraudoT, rom igi
icnobda Aandrei belis romansa da leqsebs. magram asec
rom ar iyos, Semoqmedis mxatvrul enaSi misTvis mniSvne-
lovani esTetikuri konteqstidan gaSualebuladac iWre-
bian kulturuli kodebi da idiomebi. aq SeiZleba gavixse-
noT uiliam folkneris pasuxi SekiTxvaze, moaxdina Tu ara
masze jeimz joisma UuSalo zegavlena: `iciT, zogjer haeri
isea gaJRenTili ama Tu im ideis yvavilovani mtveriT, rom
igi maSinac anayofierebs mgvan gonebebs, rodesac maT ar
aqvT erTmaneTTan uSualo kavSiri~.
is garemoeba, rom galaktionis TvalsawierSi uTuod
imyofeboda `domino~-Si aqcentirebuli darbazebis Tema,
dominoebiT SemosilTa maskaradebi, es cxadad Cans 1950-
ian wlebSi gakeTebul, magram uTuod gacilebiT ufro
adre literaturidan an uSualod sinamdvilidan miRebu-
li STabeWdilebis amsaxvel Semdeg CanawerSi:

maskaradi. kartis TamaSis dros waageben: fuls, cols,

suls.
efektiani wvima. efektiani Tovli. efektiani tyemlebi.
Coxiani kartoJnikebi.
fokusnikebi.
qalebic TamaSoben.
niRabebiT.
yvela moqmedebebi erT darbazSia.
yvela moqmedebebSi musikaa, aqa-iq cekva.
uecari mexi. quxili.
momRerali qali.
sicaliere.
`reCi~, `konferansie~, `marCieli qali~. maWankali.
99
 erTi magida moTamaSeebi.
erTi magida Rvinis msmelebi.
danarCenebi.
(tabiZe 2008: 11)

poligenezisuria `domino~-Si kidev erTi `citata~,

romelic agreTve xels uwyobs leqsis semantikis amoc-
nobas. esaa fermkrTali qalebi. igi saukuneTa mijnis
drois qalis im modur tipze migvaniSnebs, romelic li-
teraturisa da xelovnebis garkveuli tradiciiT iyo
STagonebuli; es kargad aqvs SemCneuli andrei belis,
romelic aRniSnavs: XX saukunis damdegs `fermkrTali,
tanwerweta da susti inteleqtuali qalbatonebi da asu-
lebi mozRvavdnen: TiTqosda ara XX, aramed XII saukune
dadga. Tu moulodnelad moris meterlinkis fermkrTa-
li qalebi gansaxierdnen?~ (beli 1933: 133). imave xanaSi
aseve modaSi iyo qalis sapirispiro tipi – la femme fatale,
romelic galaktionis lirikaSic figurirebs (`demoni-
uri arev-dareviT mis cxovrebaSi SeiWra qali~). vercxlis
xanis rusuli poeziis fermkrTali qalebis msgavsad
(al. bloki: “А здесь уже бледные девы Уготовили путь весны”,
«Не поймут бесскорбные люди» – `aq ki fermkrTalma qalebma
/ gazafxulisken gzebi gakvales~ – `udardelebi ver ga-
igeben~; nikolai gumiliovi: “Приди и склонись надо мной,
Бледная дева, под траурно-чёрной фатой!”, «Смирение» –`modi
da Cemsken gadmoixare, / fermkrTalo qalo, samgloviaro
Savi vualiT~ – `morCileba~ da sxv.), galaktionis `pirim-
ze~-sa da `domino~-Si sensualurobas moklebuli avad-
myofuri ieris mqone fermkrTali qalebi winarenesansul
da prerafaelitur ferweras da edgar pos (`ligea~), hen-
rik ibsenisa da moris meterlinkis Semoqmedebas exmi-
aneba, rac amZafrebs leqsis pirveli segmentis lokusSi
vitalurobisagan daclilobis gancdas.
leqsis meore segmentSi CarTuli citatebi, kulturu-
li kodebi pirvelisagan gansxvavebul ganwyobasa da seman-
100
tikas qmnian. aq winaa wamoweuli ara fermkrTali qalebis,
aramed vitalurobis niSniT aRbeWdili ar nuvos xelov-
nebidan momdinare asulTa esTetika. am asulTa `TiTebis
grZel zambaxebs daCrdiluli beWedi~ amSvenebs. `qalTa
xmaSi faruli yvavilebi suroTi~ absolutur metafo-
ramde miyvanis gamovlinebaa Semdegi metaforis – `qalTa
MTmaSi faruli yvavilebi suroTi~. aseve, absoluturi me-
tafora `masTan alebs mivitan~ yvavilebis mitanas guli-
sxmobs; Sdr.: `Semodgomis yvavilebs / didebasTan mivitan~
(`gulo, ra gemarTeba~). ar nuvos xelovnebidan momdinare
`citatebi~ – mcenareuli motivebi ganapirobeben siy-
varulis `oxvris parolebTan~ dakavSirebuli lokusis
maJorul aRqmas.
leqsis or segmentSi urTierTsapirispiro xasiaTis
`citatebi~ da maTTan dakavSirebuli interteqsti warmo-
Sobs miTologiasa da zepirsityvierebaSi gavrcelebuli
motivis – saxlisa (siyvarulTan da simSvidesTan dakavSi-
rebuli saimedo mSobliuri da kulturuli sivrcis) da
antisaxlis (mtruli maxinji Zalebis sabinadros) binarul
opozicias.
antisaxlis lokusi, sadac `mkvdrebi daqrian zRap-
ruli raSebiT~ infernaluri niSnebiTaa aRbeWdili; igi
jadosnuri Zalebis sabinadroa, saxlis travestirebu-
li saxeobaa, anu antisaxlia; Sdr.: `davbrundiT binaSi
da dagvxvda cxedari~ – `axali mosaxleoba~. antisaxlisa
da saxlis sazRvarze vxedavT `amarTul kankels~. is,
rac ori sapirispiro sivrcis sazRvarze mdebareobs,
yovelTvis `erT-erTs ekuTvnis da arasodes orives
erTdroulad~ (lotmani 2000: 475). `amarTuli kankeli~
– sakraluri sivrcis nawilia da amdenad saxls, mSobli-
ur garemos ukavSirdeba, iseve rogorc `TeTri kvamli
zRaprebis~, romelic saxlis wminda alagTan – fuZis an-
gelosTan asocirdeba. antisaxlidan tirilisa da wyev-
lis xma ismis, xolo saxlidan – SeyvarebulTa `oxvris
parolebi~. pirvelisaTvis jadosnuri zRaprebisa da ed-
101
gar pos goTikuri enaa gamoyenebuli, meorisaTvis – ar
nuvos ena, ornamentuli formebi.
gasaTvaliswinebelia is sagulisxmo mosazreba, rom
`domino~ `krebulis bolo leqsi wigni-mTlianobis epi-
logia, romelSic lirikuli narativis reziumireba xde-
ba~ (T. doiaSvilis komentari – tabiZe 2016: 267). kerZod,
`domino~-Si Tavisebur gamoZaxils poulobs `artistuli
yvavilebi~-s araerTi motivi (gansakuTrebiT axlosaa igi
leqsTan `SiSi~ saSineli samyaros TemiT, romelic pir-
vel SemTxvevaSi tragikulad danaxul qalaqs ukavSirdeba,
xolo `domino~-Si zRapruli da realuri niSnebis nareve-
biT aRbeWdil lokuss). Tu gaviziarebT Cven mier wamoye-
nebul im debulebas, rom `domino~-Si andrei belis roma-
nis obertonebi ismis, SegviZlia davaskvnaT, rom `domino~
Taviseburad Tavsdeba revuluciuri kataklizmebis amsax-
veli iseTi leqsebis wyebaSi, rogorebicaa `rogor ebrZo-
den zarebs zarebi~ da `ramdenime dRe petrogradSi~. Tu
es asea, aseT SemTxvevaSi saxlisa da antisaxlis binaruli
opozicia saqarTvelo-ruseTis urTierTmimarTebis Ta-
viseburi simboluri gaazrebis xasiaTs iZens: ruseTSi Ta-
reSoben `niRabebi wiTeli, niRabebi aTasi~, xolo saxlSi,
saqarTveloSi~ yru baiaTebis~ xma ismis; baiaTebi, cxadia,
simboloa stagnaciisa da mosawyeni erTferovnebis; Sdr.
`mogvwyinda baiaTebi~ (`ramdenime dRe petrogradSi~).
kompoziciuri rkali (`wmindao, damicev!..~) Tavis tra-
gikul intonacias Tanabrad avrcelebs opoziciuri wyvi-
lis orive nawilze – saxlsa da antisaxlze. leqsis bolos
dominos sruli simboluri Sinaarsis amocnoba mkiTxvels
aqvs mindobili.
`domino~-s poetika postsimbolizmis im subparadigmis
gamovlinebaa, romelSic kidev ufro gamZafrebulia sim-
bolizmis mier dawyebuli `siaxlis erotikiT~ (r. barti)
Sepyrobili swrafva tradiciuli poeturi enis ganaxle-
ba-gardaqmnisaken, yuradRebis gamaxvileba enobriv qso-
vilze azrobrivad SeuTavsebel cnebaTa da saganTa para-
doqsuli SeTavsebis gziT.
102
 `domino~-Si postsimbolizmis kidev erTi mniSvnelova-
ni niSan-Tvisebaa literaturisa da xelovnebis teqstTa
`citaciis~ maRali xarisxi.
im mkiTxvelisaTvis, romelic srulad ver erTveba `do-
minos~ farTo interteqstobriv velSi, igi yovelgvari
cxadi Sinaarsisagan daclili absurdis poetikis nimuSad
darCeba, magram mainc miiqcevs mis yuradRebas sxva niSne-
biT: yofis gaucnaurebis maRali xarisxiT, ganwyobileba-
Ta monacvleobiT, semantikuri gadaxrebiT, uCvelo saxe-
ebiTa da moulodneli asociaciebiT.
rTuli poeturi qsovilis mqone `domino~-s ganTavse-
biT krebulis damagvirgvinebel leqsad galaktioni acxa-
debs Tavisi poeturi xelovnebis kavSirs modernizmTan
da avangardizmTan da cxadyofs mis mier qarTuli leqsis
istoriaSi Tavisi wvlilisa da sidiadis Segnebas:

oh, vici sicividan

terfamde var: dideba!
masTan alebs mivitan
vefxvi: ardarideba!

damowmebani:

beli 1933: Белый А. Начало века. Москва: Гос. Изд. Xуд. Литературы, 1933.
lotmani 2000: Лотман Ю. О метаязыке типологических описаний культуры.
Семиоафера. СПБ, 2000.
sordia 2009: sordia l. galaktion tabiZis saxismetyvelebisa da
msoflmxedvelobis sakiTxebi. Tbilisi: gamomcemloba `universali~,
2009.
tabiZe 2008: tabiZe g. saarqivo gamocema ocdaxuT wignad, w. XXI. Tbili-
si: gamomcemloba `literaturis matiane~, 2008.
tabiZe 2016: tabiZe g. Txzulebani TxuTmet tomad, t. II. Tbilisi: 2016.

103
`aris mSvenier ferTa Sexvewa~

nestan kutivaZe

feri `artistul yvavilebSi~

galaktion tabiZis „artistuli yvavilebi~ gamocemis-
Tanave (1919) saukunis saetapo wignad iqca da, faqtob-
rivad, dasrulebuli saxe misca im novaciebs, romelTa
saSualebiT Semoqmedma qarTul literaturaSi moitana
axali poeturi samyaro gansxvavebuli motivebiTa da mxat-
vrul-metaforuli azrovnebiT. galaktioni arRvevda ma-
namde arsebul sazRvrebs, gvTavazobda poeturi xedvis
sruliad gansakuTrebul masStabebs, romlebic Tanabrad
ukavSirdeboda sityvis vizualur-akustikursa da azrob-
riv Sreebs. Tu dRes SegviZlia visaubroT galaktionze,
rogorc „modernul/modernistul kulturul-istori-
ul paradigmaSi qarTuli kulturisa da qarTveli eris
reprezentatorze~ (wifuria 2016: 14), es, upirveles yov-
lisa, am krebulis damsaxurebaa. wignisaTvis epigrafad
wamZRvarebuli frangi poetebis striqonebi im kulturu-
li konteqstis gasaRebs gvaZlevs, aRqmisa da poeturi xed-
vis im Taviseburebebs, im mniSvnelovan niuansebs miapyrobs
mkiTxvelis mzeras, romlis gaTvaliswinebis gareSe war-
moudgenelia am wignis srulyofilad gaazreba. bodleris
„moulodneli momxiblaoba samkaulisa – vardisferis da
Savis~, goties „cisferi qalwuli nakadulis gril napir-
ze~, verlenis „Camaval mzeTa melanqolia~ da renies „...da
vardebi metad tanmaRali~ ganwyobilebasTan erTad ferTa
uCveulo gamasac qmnis da masSi TiTqmis Tanabrad mona-
wileobs vizualuri Tu asociaciuri xatebi.
feri, rogorc simbolo, samyaroze arsebul pirvelsave
warmodgenebSi monawileobs. Rrma Sinaarsobrivi plaste-
104
biTaa datvirTuli feri sxvadasxva religiebSi, gansakuT-
rebuli funqcia eniWeba xelovnebasa da socialur cxov-
rebaSi. Seasabamisad, feris fenomenze saubaric uxsovari
droidan iwyeba. mas yuradReba jer kidev piTagorelebma
miaqcies, sakmaod gansxvavebuli da Taviseburi aRmoCnda
antikuri epoqis damokidebuleba ferTan, rac airekla
Zveli berZeni moazrovneebis (demokrite, platoni, aris-
totele...) TxzulebebSi (darCia 2005: 9-41). mogvianebiT
goeTem, ar gaiziara ra niutonis Sexedulebebi, feris
fizikuri Tvisebebis sagangebo SeswavlasTan erTad, yu-
radReba gaamaxvila feris kulturul-fsiqologiur pla-
nebsa da alegoriul-simbolur Tu mistikur mniSvnelo-
bebze, gamoyo feris moraluri da emociur-esTetikuri
gavlenis SesaZlebloba adamianis fsiqikaze. „faustis~ av-
toris azriT, Tu feris simboluri daniSnuleba mTlianad
emTxveva bunebas, misi alegoriuli mniSvneloba moulod-
nelsac, Tavisufalsac da tradiciulsac erTdroulad
moicavs, radgan, niSnis arsis codnis gareSe, SeuZlebelia
aRsaniSnis marTebulad gaazreba. goeTe, aseve, adamia-
nis pirvelwarmodgenebsa da bunebasTan akavSirebs feris
mistikur funqcias da Tvlis, rom mas erTnairad viyenebT
enis saSualebiT ramis gamosaTqmelad Tu grZnobis an
damokidebulebis gamosaxatavad (mesiasi 2012: 397-399). sa-
gulisxmoa, rom mkvlevrebi xazs usvamen sagnobrivi aso-
ciaciebisagan izolirebulad, damoukideblad feris ada-
mianze sulieri zemoqmedebis unars, rac arc goeTes dar-
Cenia mxedvelobis miRma (bazima: interneti).
feris aRqmis fsiqologiur Taviseburebebs sagangebod
Seexo XX saukunis erT-erTi cnobili mxatvari da xelov-
nebaTmcodne vasili kandinski, romelmac, sxva maxasiaTe-
blebTan erTad, mis umniSvnelovanes Tvisebad sulieri
zemoqmedebac miiCnia (kandinski 1910).
cnobilia, rom feris mxatvruli funqcia mniSvnelova-
nia modernistul xelovnebaSi (ufro adre romantizmis
simbolod cisferi iqca, rasac Tavisi msoflmxedvelo-
105
brivi safuZveli hqonda). simbolistebma sagangebo yu-
radReba dauTmes ferisa da bgeris mimarTebas (rene gi-
lis traqtatebi...). zogadad, ferisa da bgeris urTierT-
mimarTeba didi Temaa da masTan dakavSirebiT araerTi sa-
yuradRebo naSromia gamoqveynebuli. artur rembo Tavis
leqsSi `Voyelles~ xmovnebs ferebiT aRiqvams da maTs poeti-
zirebas mimarTavs. am leqsis mixedviT, a Sav ferTan aso-
cirdeba, e TeTria, i – wiTeli, u – mwvane, o – lurji.
niSandoblivia qarTveli mwerlis grigol robaqiZis
Sexeduleba. rodesac modernisti avtori mzis miTiur-
filosofiur konotaciebs aanalizebs, exeba fersac da
aqcents akeTebs leqsema `feris~ im mniSvnelobaze, rom-
liTac is „moqceulia qarTul yoveldRiur saubarSi~. esaa
„araferi~ da „yvelaferi~ (robaqiZe 1996: 69), qarTul enaSi
gamovlenil samyaros filosofiuri aRqmis am Tavisebu-
rebas yuradReba miaqcia cnobilma qarTvelma moazovnem
viktor nozaZemac. SemTxveviTi, albaT, arc isaa, rom ro-
baqiZe am opusSi, Zvel indur Vedanta-sa da goeTesTan er-
Tad, frang filosofossa da mweral rene genonsac moix-
seniebs (robaqiZe 1996: 70). yovelive es ki kargad aCvenebs,
ramdenad rTuli da mravawaxnagovania zogadad feris
fenomeni da misi kvleva.
faqtia, rom feri adamianis arsebobis ganuyofeli na-
wilia da misi aRqmiT gamowveuli SegrZnebebi araerTgva-
rovania. mwerali/poeti Tavis samyaros feriTac qmnis,
rac rTuli SemoqmedebiTi procesia da mas safuZvlad
subieqtur xedvasTan erTad msoflmxedvelobrivi kon-
ceptebi da esTetikuri pozicia udevs. am mxriv, gamonak-
lisi arc galaktion tabiZea. irakli kenWoSvili qarTuli
kulturis dasavlurTan sinTezis Sedegad miiCnevs galak-
tionis „poetur ferweraSi axali, manamde misTvis ucxo
Temebisa da motivebis CarTvas da am miznisaTvis axali po-
eturi teqnikis momarjvebas~ (kenWoSvili 1999: 60), raSic
xelovnebis dargebis sinTezis tendenciac igulisxmeba.
irakli kenWoSvili sagangebod amaxvilebs yuradRebas
106
`artistul yvavilebSi~ gamoCenili italieli mxatvrebis
veronezesa da ticianis, agreTve, flamandieli van dei-
kis interteqstze. `mosvla ferebis: veronezi da ticiani~
(`ar-dabruneba~), poeziisa da mxatvrobis sinTezis mkafio
suraTia, magram `da van deikis landebiviT mwvandeba Rame~,
mecnieris azriT, ar gamoxatavs pirdapir mimarTebas da
„am SemTxvevaSi van deiki sinonimia didi ferweris. galak-
tioni ara realur, aramed ferweraSi asaxul Rameze gve-
saubreba. `landebiviT mwvandeba Rame~ axlosaa simbolis-
tur ferwerasTan, romlisTvis ucxo araa landebis motivi
da Tamami ferebi~, – aRniSnavs i. kenWoSvili (kenWoSvili
1999: 80).
galaktionTan feris asaxvis Taviseburebebi impresi-
onist mxatvarTa aRqmasTan daakavSira da qarTul po-
eziaSi Tvisebrivad axal movlenad miiCnia cnobilma
mkvlevarma T. doiaSvilma, romelmac amasTan erTad yu-
radReba gaamaxvila poetis SemoqmedebaSi feriT gadmo-
cemul ynosviT, smeniT Tu sxva SegrZnebaTa erTianobaze
(doiaSvili 1989: 24-26).
galaktionTan am TvalsazrisiT, ra Tqma unda, sagan-
gebod Seswavlas moiTxovs TiToeuli feri, romelic xSi-
rad Zalze sagulisxmo interteqsts faravs, TiToeuli
teqsti aramxolod `artistul yvavilebSi~, aramed po-
etis mTel SemoqmedebaSi, magram amjerad Cveni mizania
vaCvenoT ferTa rogor palitras gvTavazobs galaktioni
XX saukunis qarTuli poeziis am unikalur krebulSi*.
ferTa simbolizmze saubari `artistul yvavilebSi~,
upirveles yovlisa, gvinda daviwyoT aqromatuli fere-
biT – TeTriT da SaviT. Zveli berZnebi swored TeTrsa da
Savs miiCnevdnen ferad, danarCens ki maT Soris arsebul
Crdilebs uwodebdnen (darCia 2005: 9). krebulSi es ferebi
damoukidebladac gamoiyeneba da erT Sinaarsobriv vel-

* unda aRiniSnos, rom Temaze `feris mxatvruli funqcia galaktion tabiZis

poeziaSi~ sakandidato disertacia aqvs daculi lia sturuas, magram, samwu-
xarod, igi wignad ar gamocemula.
107
Sic moiazreba. aseT SemTxvevaSi maTi monacvleoba xSirad
mxolod kontrasts ki ar qmnis, aramed ferTa araerTgva-
rovan da araCveulebriv gamasac gulisxmobs. aqve dav-
ZenT, rom mesame aqromatuli feri – ruxi/nacrisferi – am
krebulSi ar gvxvdeba.
TeTri, rogorc cnobilia, siwminis, ucodvelobis, RvTa-
ebriobis simboloa, Tumca amave dros mas ukavSirdeba ise-
Ti uaryofiTi konotaciebi, rogorebicaa: SiSi, simxdale,
danebeba. yvela kulturul sistemaSi antiTezuri wyvi-
lia Sav-TeTri. sagulisxmoa, rom traurSi gamoyene-
buli TeTri feriT simbolizebuli iyo axali cxovre-
bis dasawyisi. misi sinaTlesTan asocirebulobis gamo is
sadResaswaulo feradaa miCneuli (tresideri: inter-
neti). TeTri feri ubiwoebasTanaa dakavSirebuli qris-
tianul religiasa da xelovnebaSi. lukas saxarebis mi-
xedviT, feriscvalebis dros qristes samoseli TeTri
gaxda, mkvdreTiT aRmdgar macxovarsac TeTri acvia, ma-
riam RvTiSobelsac taZrad miyvanebis scenebSi TeTri
tansacmliT gamosaxavdnen da sxva araerTi magaliTis
moxmoba SeiZleba (kenWoSvili: interneti). rogorc vxe-
davT, sadResaswaulo saeklesio ritualebSi TeTri feri
erT-erTi dominanti feria, suliwmindas simboloc TeT-
ri mtredia. rogorc gr. robaqiZe miuTiTebs, saqarTve-
los erT-erTi mfarveli wmindanisaTvis TeTri giorgis
wodeba feris saSualebiT mis RvTebriobaze xazgasaa
(robaqiZe 1996: 70).
am fers `artistul yvavilebSi~ galaktionic sakmaod
xSirad mimarTavs da masTan dakavSirebuli semantikuri
velebis saSualebiT STambeWdav poetur suraTebs qmnis,
romlebSic niuansirdeba avtoris subieqturi ganwyo-
bilebanic da misi, rogorc Semoqmedis, nebac. ferTan da-
kavSirebuli aluziebi leqsis azrobrivi Sreebis gamov-
lenaSic monawileobs. striqonebSi: `SemoiWreba sionSi
sxivi / da TeTr olarebs aaelvarebs~* (`silaJvarde anu
* leqsebi yvelgan damowmebulia gamocemidan: galaktion tabiZe, Txzulebani
15 tomad, tomi II, Tbilisi, 2016.
108
vardi silaSi~). epiTeti pirdapir ukavSirdeba TeTris
upirveles simbolur gaazrebas – siwmindes, ucodvelo-
basa da RvTaebriobas. TeTr fers mimarTavs poeti maSinac,
rodesac wminda giorgis poetur xats qmnis da naTlis de-
notatad moiazrebs (`alvebi TovlSi~), amave dros es feri
SoreulTan, uZravTan, miuwvdomelTan asociaciiT ilias
myinvarsac Segvaxsenebs (`mgzavris werilebi~). gayinuli
ocneba asocirdeba rogorc TeTr ferTan, aseve, maradi-
ulTan (`sdgas gayinulTa ocnebaT kreba: / mTa TeTri, ro-
gorc giorgis raSi / da uCvev naTels ealerseba~ – `alvebi
TovlSi~). sagulisxmoa, rom demokrite `feris sikaSkaSis,
brwyinvalebis ganmsazRvrelad TeTrs miiCnevs~ (darCia
2005: 12). marTalia, galaktionis am leqsSi iribad sxva
ferebic Semodis (mkrTali vardebi, ucnobi Rame), magram
swored naTeli da TeTri feri qmnis sabolood ganTiadis
uCveulo poetur suraTs, romelic SesaZlebelia usasru-
lobasTan Serwymasac gulisxmobdes.
TeTris semantika niuansobrivad sakmaod mdidar da
mravalferovan palitras warmoSobs. galaktioni mas
rCeul fers uwodebs (`aseTia nazi bedi, / bedi rCeul fe-
ris: / sicocxleSi TeTri gedi / mxolod erTxel mReris~
– `mariam antuaneta~). TeTri galaktionisaTvis SesaZle-
belia iyos sarke (`da landebiT TeTr sarkeze~ – `mariam
antuaneta~), Sadrevnebi (`mxolod TeTr SadrevnebiT...~ –
`mariam antuaneta~), darbazi da taZari (`gaqra aTasi TeT-
ri darbazi~ – `pirimze~; `mosCans mtkvari da metexi TeT-
rad moelvare~ – `mTawmindis mTvare~), akldama (`amaRldi,
sulo, TeTr akldamaze~ – `Serigeba~), kvamli (`zRaprebis
TeTri kvamliT~ – `samreklo udabnoSi~; `TeTri kvamli
zRaprebis~ – `domino~), beWdebi da yvavilebi (`TeTr beW-
debis Tvlebs / SiSvels, TeTr yvavils...~ – `samreklo
udabnoSi~; `xaverdis kubo, daTovlili TeTr zambaxe-
biT~ – `orxideebi~), qandakebebi da Zeglebi (`zambaxTa So-
ris yria TeTri qandakebebi, / TeTri Zeglebi~ – `guli~),
Rrublebi (`jer daaguba TeTr RrublebSi iebis Rvari~ –
109
`sikvdili mTvarisagan~). TeTri feriT aRiniSneba WaRara
da sibere, rac tradiciuli epiteTebadac SesaZlebelia
iqnas miCneuli iseve, rogorc zamTris asociaciuri kavSi-
ri siTeTresTan (`TeTri WaRariT mosili Tmebi~ – `akakis
landi~, `mantiiT mxrebze, TeTri gvirgviniT, elvare gze-
biT modis zamTari!~ – `rogor ebrZodnen zarebs zarebi~).
TeTri feri aqvs sanTelsac da etlsac (`Cven erTad vuc-
didiT RameSi TeTr sanTels~ – `axali mosaxleoba~, `da
TeTri etlebi / miqrian~ – `SiSi~). TeTri niuansirdeba ma-
Sinac, rodesac poets surs sakuTar martosulobas gaus-
vas xazi (`TeTri tyeebis momyveba gundi / da kvlav marto
var me Cems winaSe~ – `Tovli~). TeTri, amave dros, mwver-
valebis, tyeebis, foTlebisa da dReebis feric ki SeiZ-
leba iyos da simSidesTanac asocirdebodes (`miyvarda
maSin, maTrobda maSin / mSvidi dReebis TeTri broleba~ –
`Tovli~, `verxvis foTolTa TeTri laSqari~ – `verxvebi~,
`siTeTre Svenis maRal mwvervalebs~ – `alvebi TovlSi~).
poetisaTvis mTvaris Suqic siTeTred aRiqmeba (`ocne-
bobs mTavris siTeTreSi viT qandakeba~ – `wm. giorgi~), rac
metonomiurad sinaTlesac gulisxmobs.
galaktioni TeTri feriT moZraobasac gamoxatavs
(`saxlis fardebze TeTrad qrian / nazi fardebi~ – `Cveni
saukune~) da glovis metaforizaciasac axdens (`oh! igi aq
wevs abreSumis TeTri talRebiT... / am yvavilebSi davas-
vene jer isev diliT!~ –`orxideebi~).
miuxedavad imisa, rom `artistul yvavilebSi~ TeTr
ferTan dakavSirebuli konotaciebi ZiriTadad moicavs
tradiciul simbolur gaazrebas, is daitvirTa iseTi uC-
veulo waxnagebiTac, romelTa saSualebiT araerTi oka-
zionaluri tropi Seiqmna.
TeTris kontrastuli feria, aseve, aqromatuli Savi,
romelic sibneles, sikvdils, mwuxarebasa da borotebas
aRniSnavs simbolurad. Zvel egviptesa da zogierT sxva
Zvel kulturaSi Savs dadebiTi mniSvnelobac hqonda. is
miwisa da sawvimari Rrublebis aRmniSvneli feri iyo. is-
110
lamSi SurisZiebis feria. berZnuli RvTaeba artemida
efeseli (romaul miTologiaSi diana) zogjer gamosaxu-
li iyo Savi xelisgulebiTa da Savi saxiT. sayuradReboa,
rom Zvel indoeTSi RmerTebis colqmrul wyvils – kalisa
da durgas – Savi feris kani hqondaT, rac sinaTlisa da sib-
nelis dualistur erTobas aRniSnavda, aseve gaiazreboda
Zveli Cinuri ini-ianis simboloc (tresideri: interneti).
qristianul simbolikaSic Savi feri ukuneTisa da glovis
feria, Tumca TeTrTan erTad morCilebasa da ubiwoeba-
sac gamoxatavs. Savi qristes jvarcmis liturgiul ferad
iqca, Savi SaSvi ki cdunebis qristianul simbolod (ken-
WoSvili: el.resursi).
Savi galaktionTanac glovis, mwuxarebis, sasowarkve-
Tis aRmniSvneli feria da umetesad lirikuli gmiris mZi-
me ganwyobilebas usvams xazs: `aCrdils Tanaziars marad
saSineli /dasdevs ganwirulTa Savi poezia~ – `saubari
edgarze~, `Sav tansacmelSi me movirTvebi~ – `Serigeba~,
`da Cems win Savi, swori verxvebi /aSrialebdnen foTlebs
bnel-xmians~ – `meri~, `aTovda zamTris baRebs, / miqondaT
Savi kubo~ – `aTovda zamTris baRebs~, `...Sens gvirgvinze
waSlilia Savi naprali~ – `marmarilo~, `Savi yvavilis sa-
mudamod mkvdari foToli~ – `vin aris es qali?~, `nel
nabijs Savi miaparebs / idumaleba~ – `fardebis Sriali~,
`SigniT Savi aqvs gulis nadebi~ – `ramdenime dRe pet-
rogradSi~, `da yvela SevyeviT Savi dRis badeSi~ – `axali
mosaxleoba~, `Savi aCrdili / swuxs~ – `SiSi~).
aRsaniSnavia, rom striqonebSi: `iq Savi TovliviT dama-
Tovs / Wvartli da burusi Tavanis~ (`Semodgoma `umanko
Casaxebis~ mamaTa savaneSi~) erTmaneTs ara mxolod oqsi-
moronulad daukavSirda Savi da Tovli, aramed am gziT
Wvartlis Taviseburi metaforizaciac moxda, rac kidev
erTxel mTeli ostatobiT avlens galaktionis tropuli
metyvelebis uCveulobas. am mxatvrul movlenas T. doiaS-
vili epiTetis gadanacvlebiT xsnis, romlis drosac `jer
mignebulia sagansa da saxes Soris msgavseba, xolo Semdeg
111
amis safuZvelze, epiTeti gadainacvlebs, raTa xazi gaus-
vas xilvis gansakuTrebulobas~ (doiaSvili 1989: 44).
Savi adamianis mZime ganwyobilebis gamomxatvelia ma-
Sinac, rodesac risame uaryofas mimarTavs poeti (`suli
ar tiris Savi niRabiT!~ – `gzaSi~). cudis winaTgrZnobac
am feriTaa gamosaxuli: `vin mova msajulad? / aravin! / mze
Cava, amova, / yovelTvis Savia!~ – `SiSi~.
iSviaTad, magram mainc gvxvdeba iseTi SemTxvevebi,
rodesac Savi fizikur niSans usvams xazs. magaliTad: `Savi
xali maRali yelis~ (`auzisagan~) an `aziis daSlili Tmis
Savi giSeris / msubuqi talRebi ...~ (`dro~). am ukanasknel
strofSi kargad Cans tradiciuli poeturi saxis axali
Sinaarsobrivi da gamomsaxvelobiTi niSnebiT datvir-
Tva. Tu giSeriviT Savi xali, Tma, Tvalebi, warb-wamwamni
sakmaod gavrcelebuli tropebia wina saukuneebis qar-
Tul poeziaSi, aziis daSlili Tmis Savi giSeri sruliad
sxva principiT agebuli metaforaa.
aranakleb originaluri poeturi xatebi iqmneba Sav-
TeTris antiTezuri monacvleobiT: `CemTvis ucxoa si-
TeTris rkali da naTeliviT aris aSkara, / iudas saxe, ka-
enis landi da Rameebis Savi guguni~ – `rogor ebrZodnen
zarebs zarebi~. Sav-TeTris kontrasti xSirad mTlianad
gansazRvravs leqsis saerTo ganwyobilebas (`aTovda
zamTris baRebs~, `orxideebi~, `axali mosaxleoba~, `SiSi~),
Tumca arcTu iSviaTad maT Soris arsebuli sivrce iri-
bad Tu pirdapir araerTi feriT ivseba.
cnobilia, rom galaktions ukve gamoqveynebul teq-
stebSi garkveuli cvlilebebi Sehqonda xolme. ase moxda
ferTan dakavSirebul ramdenime leqsSic. 1919 wels gamo-
sul `artistul yvavilebSi~ dabeWili `Sav tansacmelSi
me movirTvebi~ (`Serigeba~) 1927 wlis gamocemaSi Seicvala
fraziT – `TeTr tansacmelSi me movirTvebi~ (tabiZe 2016:
207). niSandoblivia, rom amgvari `dazustebiT~ poetma
interpretaciis araerTgvarovani SesaZlebloba gaaCina,
rasac yuradReba miaqcia z. SaTiriSvilma. `mniSvnelova-
112
nia, rom teqsti, romelic `eZRvneba sikvdilTan Serige-
bas, ixsneba `qarSi wasvlis~ motiviT. `TeTri tansacmeli~
am konteqstSi SeiZleba atarebdes rogorc samgloviaro,
ise sadResaswaulo mniSvnelobas. miTumetes, roca galak-
tions SeuZlia sadResaswaulo ritualic ki waikiTxos,
rogorc samgloviaro: `...ar vici / es glova iyo Tu jva-
riswera?.. iyo obloba da Secodeba / dResaswauls ki is
dRe ar hgavda~ – `meri~ (SaTiriSvili 2002: 159). aRsaniS-
navia, rom es ar aris calkeuli SemTxveva. ase magaliTad:
leqsi `TeTri pelikani~ Jurnal `aisSi~ daibeWda saTau-
riT `Savi pelikani~ (tabiZe 2016: 191). niSandoblivia, rom
aseTi interpretacia aramxolod Sav-TeTris antiTezur
semantikas usvams xazs, aramed rogorc Savis, ise TeTris
samgloviaro-sadResaswaulo konotaciebiT erTdro-
ulad datvirTvis SesaZleblobas aCvenebs TvalnaTliv,
rasac mxars uWers feris simbolizmTan dakavSirebuli
fsiqologiur-kulturuli tendenciebi.
TeTrisa da Savis simboluri gaazreba am ferebs orga-
nulad akavSirebs naTelisa da bnelis konotaciebTan,
rac aisaxa rogorc uZveles kulturul tradiciebSi, ise
ferTa Sesaxeb arsebul kvlevebSi. marto is rad Rirs,
rom naTeli da bneli Sesaqmis umTavresi konceptebia. es
sakiTxi specialur Seswavlas moiTxovs da sakmaod vrce-
lia, Tumca unda aRiniSnos, rom `artistul yvavilebSi~
uaRresad STambeWdavi poeturi xatebi iqmneba naTlisa
da bnelis reprezentirebiT: `Ramis naTelSi, mtverSi,
mTvareSi / miyvarda sulis Sexeba Seni~ – `sanTeli~, `me
Seni umanko naTeli mawvalebs~ – `saswauls~, `bnel RamiT
/ Cumad vSli rveulebs~ – `fardebis Sriali~, `sZinavT
bnel xveulebSi gamoucnob qimerebs!~ – `lurja cxene-
bi~, `da sibnelidan ubinao maTi cxedrebi / samarisebur
udabnoSi stoveben qalaqs~ – `micvalebulis xsovna~.
moxmobili striqonebic, vfiqrob, sakmarisad mkafiod
aCvenebs araerT niuanssa da azrobriv detals, romelTa
saSualebiT gadmocemulia avtoris esTetikuri poziciiT
113
ganpirobebuli SegrZnebebi, apokalifsuri mgrZnobelo-
ba da poetur saxeTa gaazrebis Taviseburebebi.
`artistul yvavilebSi~ TeTrsa da SavTan erTad gamo-
yenebis sixSiriT erT-erTi intensiuri feria lurji/cis-
feri, romelic qromatuli feria da simbolurad usas-
rulobas, maradiulobas, WeSmaritebas, sulier cxovrebas
aRniSnavs. is cis feria da iTvleba yvelaze metad mSvid
materialur ferad. am feriT xSirad arian gamosaxuli
ZvelberZnuli, Zvelegvipturi, Sumeruli Tu induri Rmer-
Tebi, iudaizmsa da budizmSi ki sibrZnesa da mowyalebas
ukavSirdeba. cisferi RmerTis evfemizmsac warmoadgen-
da. mogvianebiT ki is sevdasa da melanqoliasTanac gaxda
asocirebuli (tresideri: interneti). qristianul reli-
giaSic is cis fersa da zeciur siyvaruls gamosaxavs. cis-
feriTa da lurjiT mosavdnen qristesa da mariam RvTis-
Sobelsac, is zeciuri dedoflis ferad aris miCneuli,
lurji SroSani qalwuli mariamis metaforaa (kenWoSvili:
el. resursi).
rodesac galaktionTan lurji feriT reprezenti-
rebul samyaros vukvirdebiT, wina planze bunebrivad
wamoiwevs `lurja cxenebi~. akaki xinTibiZe Tvlis, rom
leqsi galaktions sakuTari Semoqmedebis simbolod aqvs
gaazrebuli, rac mis sxvadasxva dros daweril leqseb-
Si mkafiod ikiTxeba (xinTibiZe 1992: 128-129). aqve unda
iTqvas, rom galaktionis poeziaSi `lurja cxenebis~ gan-
sakuTrebul adgilsa da mniSvnelobaze qarTul lite-
raturaTmcodneobaSi azrTa sxvadasxvaoba TiTqmis ar
arsebobs iseve, rogorc am leqsis modernizmis esTeti-
kasa da msoflmxedvelobriv sakiTxebTan mWidro inter-
teqstualur mimarTebaze.
cnobilia, rom galaktionTan simbolizebulia zo-
gadad lurja cxeni/raSi. es ukanaskneli `artistul
yvavilebSi~ Sesul ramdenime leqsSi gvxvdeba: `modis za-
mTari, modis sicive, modis sikvdili... / hei, lurja raSo,
medgrad! moede tyeebs~ – `rogor ebrZodnen zarebs za-
114
rebi~, `lurja cxenebiT Tu gafrinda grZnobaT sinaze~ –
`mgloviare serafimebi~, `mimafrenda napralebze lurja
cxeni~ – `vin aris es qali?~, `dedofalo! lurja raSi /
miqris saSiS-Cqari~ – `mariam antuaneta~. am striqonebSi
niuansirdeba swored iseTi asociaciebi, romlebic lurji
feris simbolur mniSvnelobas Seesabameba da TiTqmis yo-
velTvis dakavSirebulia SoreulTan, wmindasTan, melan-
qoliasa da amoucnob samyarosTan; amave dros, is gamoxa-
tavs sasowarkveTas, cudis winaTgrZnobas da gajerebulia
daRupvisa da skepsisis gancdiT. marTalia, iSviaTad, mag-
ram is, aseve, SeiZleba gamoxatavdes imedian ganwyobile-
basac – `gamomyves lurja cxenebis mtveri~ – `nugeSi~.
lurji feriT SeiZleba gamoxatuli iyos sagnis an mov-
lenis feri, romelic am SemTxvevaSic scildeba fizikur
niSans da, upirveles yovlisa, simbolur-semantikur ve-
lebs ukavSirdeba. `da bilikTa lurj qviSaSi / miaqvs mZaf-
ri qari!~ – `mariam antuaneta~, `Cems samSobloSi me movvle
mxolod / udabno lurjad naxaverdebi~ – `Tovli~, `Tovs,
aseTi dRis xarebam lurji / da daRaluli sizmriT damTo-
va~ – `Tovli~, `saidumlo alebi! isev momemaleba / umizezo
wvaleba da lurji mwvervalebi~ – `Voiles~, `es Cemi daa
lurji / lurj yvavilebis Telva~ – `saRamo~, `mofrindnen
lurji angelozebi~ – `i.a.~, `lurjdeba aeri, / enTeba Rame~
– `Cveni saukune~, `da gaSala ocnebaTa lurji ialqnebi~ –
`mTawmindis mTvare~, `lurji ialqnebisgan vici, ra dare-
bia!~ – `mzadeba gasamgzavreblad~, `ecema Tmebi lurj sar-
keebs, viT nakaduli~ – `zRapari~, `Cveni fiqrebis lurj
niav-qarad~ – `akakis landi~, `lurji, lurji dRe aris, /
ganSorebis dRe aris~ – `gviani ocneba~, `cviva lurji fa-
ruli~ – `ucnauri sasaxle~, `lurj zRapariviT xavsi fa-
ravs dawewil wisqvils~ – `wm. giorgi~, `saRamo iwva xaver-
dis ydaSi / viT wigni lurji da ZvelisZveli~ – `srolis
xma mTaSi~, `Cemi dafnisTvis mitacebda lurji mandili~
– `gemi `dalandi~, `lurji aCrdili cxel haerSi dgas~ –
`gzaSi~.
115
 vfiqrob, am striqonebidan aSkaraa, rom maSinac ki,
rodesac sasowarkveTisa da skepsisis gancda ramdenadme
Serbilebulia, lurji feri amaRlebulsa da miuwvdo-
mels erTmniSvnelovnad, rogorc romantikosebTan, aRar
gamoxatavs.
lurji/cisferi konceptualuri feria romantikose-
bisaTvis. ukve araerTxel dawerila, romantizmisa da sim-
bolisturi esTetikis mimarTebis maxasiaTeblebze. mo-
dernistulma xelovnebam gaaRrmava winamorbedTa Semoq-
medebiTi praqtika, maT Soris, `ferweruli~ gamocdile-
bac. am TvalsazrisiT, sagulisxmoa lurji feris konte-
qstualuri Taviseburebebi romantizmsa da modernizmSi.
aRmoCnda, rom garkveul siaxloves avlens galaktionisa
da novalisis poeturi nawarmoebebi. germaneli roman-
tikosis SemoqmedebaSi lurji feri simbolurad gamo-
xatavs RvTaebrivs, araamqveyniur sinamdvilesa da misi
TviTSemecnebis gzas. novalisis Semoqmedebisagan gans-
xvavebiT `galaktionis simbolistur poeziaSi lurji
feris saxismetyvelebis homogenuroba darRveulia.
lurji feris poeturi semantika galaktionis poetur
teqstebSi ukve iZens apokalifsuri aRsasrulis sazris-
sac~, – aRniSnavs k. bregaZe (bregaZe: interneti).
modernizmis esTetikisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli skepsi-
sis, samyaros dasasrulis, ganwirulebis gancda erTnai-
rad msWvalavs galaktionis mier lurj/cisfriT agebul
poetur samyaros, im striqonebsac, romlebSic, aseve,
lurji Seferilobis mqone laJvardi monawileobs. misi aR-
qma Zalze axlos dgas im semantikur-asociaciur velebTan,
romlebic lurjiT iqmneba da iseve gamoxatavs sulier
kriziss, uimedobas, Soreulis idumalebas, transcenden-
turTan ziarebis survilsa da imedgacruebas, rogorc is
striqonebi, romlebSic poeturi xatebis SeqmnaSi lurji
feri monawileobs. `es aris suli, damwyvdeuli / cisfer
badeSi...~ – `fardebis Sriali~, `baRi edareba / cisfer mo-
gonebas~ – `fardebis Sriali~, `qrolviT iwvevs cisfer
116
landebs da xeebSi / aqsovs~ – `mTawmindis mTvare~, `da saR-
amo mdinaris / gaxelili cisferad~ – `saxli tyis pirad~,
`varskvlavni rTaven am dros midamos, / ucxo Releebs, cis-
fer napirebs~ – `primitivi~, `vin aris es qali? / aseTi cis-
feri?~ – `vin aris es qali?~, `da maxsovs mxolod cisfer-
Tvaleba / idumaleba Soreul trfobis~ – `is~, `oh! serafi-
mis cisferi suli!~ – `avdris molodini~, `cisferi ise
ucxod iferebs / samosels dReTa elvarebaSi~ – `gzaSi~, `da
cisfer sityviT eZebs ciagebs~ – `gzaSi~, `Cemi cxovrebis
gza sizmaria / da Soreuli cis silaJvarde!~ – `silaJvarde
anu vardi silaSi~, `laJvard TvalTagan gadasul namiT /
moveli Rames~ – `gobeleni~. marTalia, striqonebi – `ca
laJvardia... dRe aris Tbili~ (`gzaSi~) dadebiT emocias,
simSvidis asociacias iwvevs, Tumca momdevno `mze aris
mware...~ aSkarad tragikulobis gancdas badebs.
galaktioni sagangebod aRniSnavs cisferTan Tavis gan-
sakuTrebul, melanqoliur damokidebulebas – `aq mra-
valia cisferi feri! / es feri marad Tvals eyvareba, ro-
gorc qalwulis saxeli: meri / aris cisferi da mwuxareba~
– `gzaSi~. gasakviric araferia imaSi, rom cisfriT araerT
uCveulo, Znelad asaxsnel poetur saxes qmnis galaktioni.
unda iTqvas, rom Savsa da TeTrTan erTad lurji/
cisferi erT-erTi yvelaze xSirad gamoyenebuli feria
`artistul yvavilebSi~. akaki xinTibiZe aRniSnavs, rom
`epiTeti lurji galaktionis am periodis leqsebSi TiTq-
mis yvelgan metaforamdea amaRlebuli~ (xinTibiZe: 1992:
129). savsebiT SesaZlebelia am mosazrebis gavrcoba sxva
ferebzec. feri TiTqmis arasdros aris didi poetis le-
qsebSi mxolod deskripciuli funqciiT SemosazRvruli
da is Semoqmedis metaforuli azrovnebis sakmaod mniS-
vnelovani komponentia maSinac ki, rodesac mwirad mimar-
Tavs am fenomens.
`artistuli yvavilebis~ ferTa palitraSi SedarebiT
iSviaTad vxvdebiT iseT popularul qromatul ferebs,
rogorebicaa: yviTeli, wiTeli da mwvane, Tumca, mxat-
117
vruli ostatobis mxriv, aranakleb STambeWdavi poeturi
saxeebia Seqmnili. vnaxoT rogoria am ferTa simbolizmis
zogadi maxasiaTeblebi da maTi reprezentirebis Tavise-
burebani galaktionis ferTa metyvelebaSi.
yviTeli erT-erT yvelaze winaaRmdegobriv ferad iT-
vleba. Tbili yviTeli oqrosfer mzes ukavSirdeba, Cinur
kulturaSi is Rirsebis, bednierebisa da siuxvis simbolo-
daa gaazrebuli. amave dros, Ralats, avadmyofobasa da
SiSsac gamosaxavs. negatiuri Sinaarsis Semcvelia yviTe-
li, rogorc gamxmari foTlebisa da gadamwifebuli xilis
feric. amis gamo is asocirdeba sikvdilsa da imqveyniur
cxovrebasTan. gansakuTebuli datvirTva eniWeba budizm-
Si (tresideri: interneti). qristianul kulturaSic
yviTeli mzisa da RvTiurobis simbolodaa gaazrebuli.
swored amitom gamoiyeneboda oqrosferi Sua saukune-
ebis xatweraSi, Tumca amave dros is atarebda jojoxeTis,
dacemis, eWvis, Ralatis simbolos mniSvnelobasac. iuda
iskariotelis samossac naxatebze xSirad yviTeli Sefe-
riloba aqvs (kenWoSvili: el. resursi).
galaktioni `artistul yvavilebSi~ yviTel fers xSi-
rad ar iyenebs, iSviaTad mimarTavs oqrosfersac. ramde-
nime leqsSi am feriT kvdomis, gaqrobis, warmavlobis
ganwyobileba iqmneba, amasTan, ufro mZafrdeba siZveli-
sa da sinazis gancdac, magaliTad, `aq meTormete sauku-
nis mZime wignebi / yviTel qaRaldze daRaluli xeliT
naweri!~– `unazesi xelnaweri~, `erTmeva feri yviTel are-
ebs da mokluli var / rogorc afTari~ – `rogor ebrZod-
nen zarebs zarebi~. striqonebSi: `darCeba auzTan san-
dali / da Zveli foTlebi yviTeli...~ (`Semodgoma `umanko
Casaxebis~ mamaTa savaneSi~) yviTliT Seqmnilma Semodgo-
mis peizaJma gmiris sulier mdgomareobaze migvaniSna (do-
iaSvili 2013: 136), xolo striqonSi `qari ar arxevs oqros-
feri mindvrebis Calas~ (`wm. giorgi~) peizaJis ferwerul
Strixs gmiris Sinagani ganwyobilebis niuansirebisaTvis
iyenebs poeti.
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 wiTeli – sicocxlisa da energiis feri – erTdroulad
aris dakavSirebuli dadebiT da uaryofiT simbolur
gaazrebasTan. is erTdroulad aris omis da agresiis
gamomxatveli, siyvarulisa da dResaswaulis simbolo.
egviptur miTologiaSi borots ukavSirdeboda, CinurSi
rCeulobas usvamda xazs. qristianul kulturaSic wiTe-
li erTdroulad aris dadebiTi da uaryofiTi konotaci-
ebis matarebeli. wiTeli amasTanave sisxlis fericaa. wi-
Teli, rogorc cecxlis feri, eklesiis mier gamoiyeneba
sulTmofenobis dResaswaulis aRmniSvnel ritualSic.
ioane maxarebelsac wiTeli samosi ecva, rogorc moqme-
debis simbolo, kardinalebis wiTeli samosic Tavganwir-
visaTvis mzadyofnis simbolur gamoxatulebas warmo-
adgenda. aseve, igi jojoxeTisa da eSmakis simboluri fe-
ricaa (tresideri: interneti; kenWoSvili: interneti).
`artistul yvavilebSi~ galaktioni wiTelTan erTad
iyenebs sisxlisfers, alisfersa da elvares, romlebic
met-naklebad imave Sinaarsobriv datvirTvas atarebs,
rac wiTels aqvs. wiTeli Tavganwirvisa da sisxlis se-
mantikur velSic moiazreba da, amasTanave, is vnebis,
grZnobebis gamomxatveli denotaticaa. es kanonzomiereba
moqmedebs maSinac, rodesac poeti atmis yvavilebisa da
Camavali mzis metaforul xatebs qmnis da maSinac, rodesac
eratos (sasiyvarulo poeziis muza berZnul miTologi-
aSi) interteqstiT Segvaxsenebs siyvarulis grZnobasTan
dakavSirebul tragizms. `yvavili igi mohkvda da Cqara,
/ wiTlad dahfara baRis biliki~ – `atmis yvavilebi~, `ai,
grigalma gaitaca wiTeli lerwi~ – `ar-dabruneba~, `xan
alisferi, xan wiTeli / xis rtoebSi / Cndeba sinaTle /
Camavali mzis~ – `Cveni saukune~, `araferi eSvela: niRabe-
bi wiTeli, niRabebi aTasi~ – `domino~.
aRsaniSnavia, rom wiTelTan erTad sisxlianic gans-
xvavebuli semantikis mqone poetur xatebSi gvxvdeba. am
feris saSualebiT xazgasmulia grZnobaTa simZafre, avis
molodini, amave dros, Seqmnilia peizaJuri suraTic:
119
`rodesac vardTa sisxlian bages / ewafeboda Tvaldaxu-
Wuli~ – `Semodgomis fragmenti~, `yovelTvis mgonia: Cems
saxels nacnobi / aCrdili Tan dasdevs sisxlian xelebiT~
– `yorani~, `sisxliviT elavs foTlebi vazis~ – `avdris
molodini~.
niSandoblivia, rom indoevropul sociumebSi wiTeli
Zalian popularuli feri iyo da mis antagonist fere-
bad moiazreboda TeTri da Savi. wiTeli, amasTanave, si-
naTlesac ukavSirdeboda (pasturo: interneti).
`artistul yvavilebSi~, marTalia, TeTrisa da Savis
erTdroulad gamoyenebis msgavsi intensivobiT ara, mag-
ram mainc vxdebiT TeTrisa da wiTlis kontarstze agebul
striqonebs: `wiTeli, TeTri da yviTeli ferebis tvir-
Ti, eratos marad gafiTreba da mdumareba~ – `sikvdili
mTvarisagan~, `datevebuli qariSxalTa wiTel izoriT
/ exla saamod elvarebda TeTri kunZuli~ – `mfarveli
ialqnebi~.
feris istoriis analizi cxadyofs, rom sxvadasxva,
erTmaneTisagan drosa Tu sivrceSi Zalian dacilebul
kulturebSic ki ferTa simboluri gaazreba msgavsia.
gansakuTrebiT es Seexeba wiTel, TeTrsa da Sav ferebs,
v. terneri am faqts adamianis yofis msgavsebiT xsnida,
Tumca am mosazrebas hyavdnen mowinaaRmdegeebic (go-
eTe, kandinski...) (bazima: interneti), magram aSkaraa isic,
rom am kanonzomierebas met-naklebad emorCileba ise-
Ti araCveulebrivi xedvis poeti, rogoric galaktion
tabiZea.
`artistul yvavilebSi~ kidev ufro iSviaTad gvxvde-
ba mwvane feri: `da van-deikis landebiviT mwvandeba Ra-
me~ – `marmarilo~, `Ramem movercxlil Zafebis grova /
gadaaqsova sarkmlis mwvane brols~ – `is~, `isev amwvanda
mdelo da kordi! /davdivar... vwuxvar da menaneba! – `ma-
muli~, `mwvane WalebSi afrinda mwyeri / mwvane talRebis
midis mewyeri, / ismis jejilis marao-qrola~ – `gzaSi~.
Tu bolo striqonebSi feri pirdapir ukavSirdeba
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mis erT-erT simbolur gaazrebas, romlis mixedviTac
is ganaxlebasTan, gazafxulsa da sicocxlesTan aris
dakavSirebuli (tresideri: interneti), leqsSi `marmari-
lo~ flandriis maRali xelovnebis erT-erTi fuZemdeb-
lis – van-deikis interteqstTan erTad simwvanec xelov-
nebis ukvdavebasa da maradiul sicocxlesTan asocirde-
ba, miT ufro, Tu van-deiksac didi ferweris sinonimad
gaviazrebT, magram amis Sesaxeb zemoT ukve aRvniSneT da
aq aRar SevCerdebiT.
galaktionis 1908-1914 wlebis poeziaSi feris gamoye-
nebis sixSires sagangebod Seexo Teimuraz doiaSvili,
romelic aRniSnavs, rom `am periodis leqsebs Tavidan
bolomde gasdevs ori kontrastuli feri – `TeTri~ da
`Savi~, poetisaTvis ZiriTadi ferebi. ukve igrZnoba erT-
gvari winwamoweva ferTa niuansirebuli triadisa: `lur-
ji–cisferi–laJvardi~, xolo danarCeni ferebi – wiTeli,
mwvane, yviTeli, vardisferi – iSviaTad gaielvebs~ (doiaS-
vili 1989: 28). sainteresoa, ra icvleba am mxriv `artistul
yvavilebSi~. 1919 wels gamocemul krebulSi TeTrsa da
SavTan erTad ukve dominantia lurji/cisferic da xSir-
deba vardisferic, xolo, rac Seexeba wiTels, mwvanesa da
yviTels, maT kvlav iSviaTad mimarTavs poeti.
vardisferi galaktionis erT-erTi gamorCeuli feria.
`artistul yvavilebSi~ am fers sakmaod xSirad iyenebs
poeti. dasavleTis tradiciaSi vardi unaklo yvavilia da
samyaros centrad aRiqmeba, rogorc RvTaebrivi, romati-
kuli siyvarulis simbolo. TeTri vardi siwmindes, wiTeli
ki vnebas gamosaxavs. vardi srulyofilebis simboloa. ro-
mis imperatorebi vardis gvirgvinebs atarebdnen, gaSli-
li vardi sikvdilis simbolocaa, is, agreTve, aRniSnavda
mzesa da ganTiads. vardi dionises erT-erTi atributia.
qristianebisaTvis sisxliviT wiTeli vardiT simbolizde-
ba qristes vneba (tresideri: interneti). am feriT `artis-
tul yvavilebSi~ esTetizebulia sikvdili: `sikvdilis gza
ar-ra aris vardisfer gzis garda~ – `mTawmindis mTvare~.
121
vardisferi safexurebiT xelovnebiT Trobis metafori-
zeba xdeba, rasac dionises interteqstic amyarebs: `ahyve
vardisfer safexurebs da ahyve ise, / rom Sens win sxivze
landaT idges yrma dionise~ – `marmarilo~ (sagulisxmoa,
rom `marmarilos~ saxelwodeba erT-erT variantSi iyo
`vardisferi safexurebi~ (tabiZe 2016: 220-221). vardis-
feriT iqmneba aluCebisa da atmis yvavilobis poeturi
xatebi: `da qari Sexvda atmis yvavilebs, / vardisfer Ri-
lebs Seatyo JrJola~ – `atmis yvavilebi~, `TeTr-vardis-
feri aluCebi da Sadrevnebi~ – `vin aris es qali?~, `Tovli,
fifqi da aprili / vardisferi Tovli~ – `mariam antuaneta~.
niSandoblivia, rom `artistuli yvavilebis~ vardis-
ferica da vardic interteqstiTaa dakavSirebuli fran-
gul simbolistur poeziasTan, rac naTlad gamovlinda
wignisaTvis wamZRvarebul epigrafebSi. am yvavils mdida-
ri literaturuli tradicia aqvs saqarTveloSic, magram
am SemTxvevaSi unda visaubroT ara feriT gamovlenil
saxeebze, aramed Tavad sagnis simbolizmze, romelic sa-
gangebod aqvs Seswavlili nestan sulavas. mecnieri var-
dis mdidar ferTa palitras uyuradRebod ar tovebs
da aRniSnavs, rom Tu `vefxistyaosanSi~ vardis feri
iSviaTad gakrTeba, galaktionisaTvis vardis fers gan-
wyobilebis, sulis mimoxris gamoxatvis funqcia eniWeba~
(sulava 2002: 142). es mosazreba miemarTeba rogorc `ar-
tistul yvavilebs~, ise galaktionis mTel Semoqmedebas.
vardis semiotikuri Taviseburebebi sagulisxmoa XVI-
XVIII Tu XIX saukuneebis avtorebTan, magram udavoa, rom,
am TvalsazrisiT, galaktionis es krebuli sruliad axal
motivebs, gansxvavebul vizualursa Tu asociaciur Segr-
Znebebs amkvidrebs.
sayuradRebo datvirTva eniWeba `artistul yvavi-
lebSi~ iisfersac. es feri aqtiuri feridan pasiurisaken
gardamaval ferad iTvleba da TavSekavebis, zomierebisa
da sulierebis gamomxatvel simbolod miiCneva, romelic
wiTlisa da lurjis SerwymiT miiReba. iac simbolurad
122
TavmdablobasTan asocirdeba (tresideri: interneti).
qristianul simbolikaSi is gamoxatavs rogorc siyvarul-
sa da WeSmaritebas, ise vnebasa da tanjvas. aRsaniSnavia,
rom iisferi gamoyenebulia mariam magdalinelis, mariam
RvTismSobelisa Tu macxovris samosis feradac. mogvebis
Tayvaniscemis scenaSi gamoyenebuli iebi RvTismSoblis
ubiwoebasa da iesos simSvides asaxavs simbolurad (ken-
WoSvili: el. resursi).
galaktioni araerT uCveulo metaforas qmnis yvavile-
biT da maT Soris iis gamoyenebiTac. bunebrivia, esa Tu is
yvavili asociaciurad misTvis damaxasiaTebel fers ukav-
Sirdeba upirvelesad da am konotaciiTac monawileobs
poeturi xatis SeqmnaSi, magram amjerad Cven gvainteresebs
Tavad iisfers rodis mimarTavs avtori. galaktionma Seq-
mna iisferi Tovlis fenomeni, romelic yovelTvis iqneba
dakavSirebuli poetis araCveulebriv ferwerul xedvas-
Tan, martosulobis mtkivneul gancdasac rom Seicavs (`me
Zlier miyvars iisfer Tovlis / qalwulebiviT xididan
cvena~ – `Tovli~). zogjer Zalze Znelia poeturi xatis
konkretul-sagnobrivi mniSvnelobis moxelTeba, ferTa
gardamavali gamisa da bgerweris iseTi uCveulo harmoniaa
Seqmnili: `iisTvis eZebs iisfer sityvebs / da cisfer sity-
viT eZebs ciagebs~ – `gzaSi~. feris aseTi mSvidi dinamika,
amave dros cis ferisaken / ciagisaken moZraoba, Soreu-
lisken, amaRlebulisaken da wmindasTan ziarebis swraf-
vas usvams xazs.
`poeturi siuJeti ar miiswrafis, mogviTxros erTi
romelime Cveulebrivi ambavi; man unda gadmogvces mTa-
vari da erTaderTi movlena, lirikuli samyaros arsi~,
– wers iuri lotmani (lotmani 2012: 126). galaktionis
mier agebul lirikul samyaroSi erTnairad monawileobs
ufaqizesi SegrZnebebi da asociaciebi, aluziebi da remi-
niscenciebi, umdidresi warmosaxva, romelic sabolood
mTlianobas qmnis da Tavisi feric gaaCnia. erT-erTi po-
eturi xati, galaktionis mier am krebulSi mxolod er-
123
Txel gamoyenebuli, qarvisfriT iqmneba: „dRes gaasvenes
SemodgomiT gawvalebuli / regiis Reri! / me mivyvebodi
mwuxarebas Seyvarebuli / da qarvisferi~ („poeti brboSi~).
mravlismTqmelia, rom regia wyalmcenarea da sxvagvarad
mefis gamarjveba hqvia (leqsikoni: el. resursi); qarva ki
mzis energiasTan asocirdeba, miTologiaSi qarvad iqceo-
da RmerTebis cremlebi (tresideri: interneti). amdenad,
erTi mxriv, galaktionis teqstSi qarvisferi unisonSia
Semodgomis ferebsa da sevda-mwuxarebasTan, meore mxriv
ki, gamarjvebuli mefe-poetis medidur melanqoliurob-
asac organulad gamoxatavs.
`artistul yvavilebSi~ vxvdebiT vercxlisfers. ver-
cxli, rogorc metali, siwmindis, sibrZnis, mWevrmety-
velebis simboloa. is mTvaris sinaTlesac ukavSirdeba,
asocirdeboda imedsa da sibrZnesTan, Tumca iudas mier
qristes ocdaaT vercxlad gacemis gamo man uaryofiTi
konotaciac SeiZina (tresideri: interneti). Tumca ga-
laktioni am fers peizaJuri suraTebis Sesaqmnelad iye-
nebs da orive SemTxvevaSi mTvaris Suqis denotatadaa
gamoyenebuli: „qarma vercxlisfrad Semosa neli / cis
dasavali~ – „mzis Casvla~ an „Ramem movercxlil Zafebis
grova / gadaaqsova sarkmlis mwvane brols~ – `is~. aqve
isic unda SevniSnoT, rom galaktionis e.w. peizaJuri xa-
tebi TiTqmis arasdrosaa datvirTuli iolad asaxsneli
Sinaarsobrivi plastebiT.
galaktionis ferTametyvelebas erTi gamokveTili
Tavisebureba axasiaTebs – erTi da igive sagani ar aso-
cirdeba erTsa da imave ferTan. rogorc SeniSnavs besa-
rion jorbenaZe, galaktioni „sxvadasxva feriT mosavs~
erTsa da imave sagans da, aseve, sxvadasxva sagnebs erTi
feriT aRiqvams (jorbenaZe 1999: 54). es movlena erTi pa-
tara krebulis farglebSic iolad SesamCnevia. ase maga-
liTad: gedi `artistul yvavilebSi~ TeTricaa da Savic.
sxvadasxva feri aqvs olars (TeTri, lurji) da yvavils
(TeTri, lurji, Savi...), Tovlsac epiTetad sxvadasxva
124
feris aRmniSvneli sityva axlavs Tan (Savi, iisferi, vard-
isferi), razec sagangebod mianiSna ak. xinTibiZem (xinTibi-
Ze 2005). TiToeuli aseTi SemTxveva aCvenebs galaktionis
damokidebulebas ferTan, rogorc arsobriv da vizualur
fenomenTan erTdroulad da mis konceptualur mimarTe-
bas mTlian teqstTan, romlis struqturaSi feric mniSv-
nelobs, miuxedavad imisa, ramdenad SesaZlebelia poetu-
ri warmosaxvis mizezSedegobrivad axsna.
„artistuli yvavilebis~ ferTa „paradigmaSi~ sakmaod
nayofieria Tavad leqsema – `feri~. qarTuli enis gan-
martebiTi leqsikonis mixedviT, fers ramdenime mniSvne-
loba aqvs. upirvelesi aris `STabeWdileba, romelsac ax-
dens Tvalze sagnis mier areklili sinaTle~ (qegl 1990:
966). es leqsikuri erTeuli, aseve, SeiZleba aCvenebdes
Sesaferisobas, feris wasvlas da sxv. (qegl 1990: 966). sa-
gulisxmoa, rom viktor nozaZem `vefxistyaosnis~ mixed-
viT kargad aCvena, mxatvruli da esTetikuri konotaci-
ebis garda, leqsema feris filosofiuri, socialuri
Tu fiziologiuri SinaarsiT datvirTvis SesaZlebloba
(nozaZe 2004: 120).
`artistul yvavilebSi~ feri umetesad mainc esTeti-
kuri funqciis matarebelia da aseTi mxatvruli xatebi
kidev ufro met gasaqans aZlevs vizionerul asociaciebs,
Tumca leqsis semantikuri veli mainc Semowers garkveul
konturebs, romlebSic zogjer Znelad gamosacnobi in-
terteqstic ifareba: „irgvliv damWknaria feri da fer-
vali~ – „saubari edgarze~. sagulisxmoa, rom fervali ga-
laktionis mier Seqmnil neologizmad iTvleba da elfers
unda aRniSnavdes (tabiZe 2016: 202-203), „sandomian cis
elva da feri / mwuxare iyo viT Semodgoma!~ – „meri~, „rekd-
nen cisartyelebi feris Cumi cvalebiT~ – „domino~, „fe-
rebi miendo mSvenier sagonars~ – „vualisa da violes Se-
saxeb~, „Rrubeli feradi da alva tanadi / romelsac aziis
ciT gadavuareT~ – „angelozs eWira grZeli pergamenti~,
„da Slian SemkrTal suraTis ferebs~ – „sibere~, „feris
125
ferTan darebiT / Senobebis Seneba~ – „ucnauri sasaxle~.
sagangebod unda gamovyoT – `mjera me Seni Zmoba / Seni
SeSlili feri~ („Wianurebi~), romelSic araCveulebrivi
ostatobiTaa miRweuli Zlieri emociis, fsiqikuri mdgo-
mareobis vizualizacia uCveulo feriTi xatiT.
galaktionis sruliad uCveulo, yvelasagan gansxvave-
bul warmosaxvas ramdenime feriTi xati samudamod da-
ukavSirda. esaa `artistuli yvavilebidan~ danaxuli da-
binduli qliavis feri („ginaxavT Tqven feri dabindul
qliavis?~ – „dabruneba~), ivlisisferi yinva („daaTrobs
mTvare Tovlian alvebs / ivlisisferi yinvis TasebiT!~ –
„alvebi TovlSi~) da mogvianebiT gaCenili lomferi (el-
vare da lomferi / iyo cxra oktomberi – tabiZe 2016: 74).
ivlisisferi yinvis metaforas calke werili miuZRvna
Teimuraz doiaSvilma, romelmac leqsi simbolistur
konteqstSi ganixila, irealuris poetur miniSnebaze ga-
akeTa aqcenti da cisferis niunsirebiTa da bgerweriT
gansazRvrul variantad miiCnia (doiaSvili 2010: 108-
113), riTac SemoqmedebiTi procesis sxvisTvis Znelad
gasacnobierebel idumal mxares sakmaod damajerebeli
axsna mouZebna.
„artistul yvavilebSi~, agreTve, poetizebulia fer-
mkrTalis, saxemkrTalis, sifiTrisa da am semantikuri
velis mqone sxva denotatebi. fermkrTali ganmartebiTi
leqsikonis mixedviT, aRniSnavs „visac, rasac mkrTali fe
ri aqvs, – ferwasuli, fernakluli, gafiTrebuli – qegl
1990: 966). es niuansebi poetis striqonebSi Semdeg inter-
pretaciebs iZens: „amodis mTvare da samaiiT / fermkrTal
qalebis mimodis wyeba` – „pirimze~, „mis Tvalwin qariviT
dgebodnen yovelRam / fermkrTali qalebi~ – „domino~, „da
landebaT TeTr sarkeze / Cndeba saxe – mkrTali / Suaze-
li, estargezi / da TviT dedofali~ – „mariam antuaneta~,
„da foTlebs isroda sifiTre baraTis~ – „angelozs eWira
grZeli pergamenti~, „da suli fiTrdeba naTelis cvale-
biT~ – „sizmrebi~, „win miaqvT kubo, / qalaqi fiTrdeba~ –
126
„SiSi~, „mTvare uRimis mkrTali~ – „Wianurebi~, „Tovlis
ferumarili, / gafiTrebis suraTi!~ („domino~), romelSic
Tovlis ferumarilis (vardisferi – qegl 1990: 967) oqsi-
moronuli wyviliT metonomiurad uferobis metafori-
zaciac xdeba.
„artistuli yvavilebis~ „ferTa SezavebaSi~, rogorc
Tavad galaktioni amave krebulSi Sesul leqsSi –
„paraleli~ ambobs, yvela detali erTnairad monawile-
obs, poeti saganTa da movlenaTa mxolod misTvis
Cveuli xedviT qmnis xatebs, romelSic niuansirdeba
modernuli epoqis mgrZnobeloba da ganwyobilebani,
iZerweba mravalwaxnagovani lirikuli samyaro. misi leq-
sebi realursa da idealurs Soris winaaRmdegobaTa
dauZlevlobis SiSiT, amqveyniuri tkivilis simZimiT,
molodinis imedgacruebiTa da Semoqmedis ukvdavebis
gancdiTaa gajerebuli. ferTa simbolizmis ZiriTadi
konceptebi SenarCunebulia, magram gaRrmavebulia axa-
li azrobrivi SreebiT, elferebiTa da ostaturadaa
moqceuli sityvis yalibSi. pol valeri aRniSnavda, rom
poezia, xelovnebis yvela sxva dargisagan gansxvavebiT,
`sayoveldRiuro eniT~ akavSirebs sruliad avtono-
miur movlenebs: bgeras, azrs, realobas, warmosaxvas,
formisa da arsis erTdroulad qmnadobas. poetebi
ki `movaleni arian~ am yoveldRiuri enisagan gamoyon
`wminda da idealurad srulqmnili xma, romelsac unari
Seswevs Secdomebisa da xiluli Zalisxmevis gareSe,
smenis SeubRalavad da poeturi samyaros efemeruli
sferos Seumusravad gadmogvces idea romeliRac `me~-si,
saswaulebrivad rom aRemateba `me~-s (valeri 2010: 67).
albaT, amaze ukeT Zneli gadmosacemia galaktionis po-
eturi geniis arsi, romelic `artistul yvavilebSi~
mTeli Tavisi brwyinvalebiT gamovlinda da romlis es-
Tetikur-konceptualur struqturaSi fersac mniSvne-
lovani funqcia ekisreba.

127
 damowmebani:

bazima: Базыма А. Цвети психика. el.resursi: https://psyfactor.org/lib/colorpsy1.

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bazima1: Базыма Б. Цветовая символика и психодиагностика, el.resursi: https://
psyfactor.org/lib/bazyma.htm
bregaZe: bregaZe k. galaktionis simbolisturi da novalisis romanti-
kuli poeziis tipologiisaTvis, spekali №4, el.resursi: http://www.spe-
kali.tsu.ge/index.php/ge/article/viewArticle/4/38
darCia 2005: darCia i. feris fenomeni berZnul tragediaSi. Tbilisi:
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doiaSvili 1989: doiaSvili T. `gavSli Zvirfasi leqsebis konebs~. wign-
Si: doiaSvili T. guSin, dRes, xval. Tbilisi: gamomcemloba `sabWoTa
saqarTvelo~, 1989.
doiaSvili 2010: doiaSvili T. `ivlisisferi yinvis TasebiT~. galaktio-
nologia, V. Tbilsi: 2010.
doiaSvili 2013: doiaSvili T. motiral-mocinari. Tbilisi: gamomcem-
loba `sityva~, 2013.
valeri 2010: valeri p. `poezia da abstraqtuli azri~. wignSi: liter-
aturis Teoria, II. Tbilisi: 2010.
kandinski 1910: Kandinsky, W.О духовном в искусстве, 1910 г. el.resursi:
http://www.wassilykandinsky.ru/book_116_9_42.php#chapter.
kenWoSvili 1999: kenWoSvili i. galaktion tabiZis samyaroSi. Tbilisi:
1999.
kenWoSvili: kenWoSvili g. simboloebi qristianul xelovnebaSi (t–u–
f). el. resursi http://www.nplg.gov.ge/gsdl/cgi-bin/library.exe?e=d-01000-00---off-
0dictiona--00-1----0-10-0---0---0prompt-10---4-------0-1l--11-ka-50---20-about---00-3-1-
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leqsikoni: ucxo sityvaTa leqsikoni. https://www.google.com/search?q=%E1
%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%92%E1%83%98%E1%83%90&ie=utf_8&oe=utf_8&
client=firefox_b
lotmani 2012: lotmani i. `poeturi teqstis analizi.~ sjani, 13. Tbi-
lisi: literaturis institutis gamomcemloba, 2012.
mesiasi 2012: Месяс, С.В. Иоганн Вольфган Гете и его Учение О Цвете. Москва:
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nozaZe 2004: nozaZe v. vefxistyaosnis ferTametyveleba. Tbilisi: 2004.

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 pasturo: Пастуро, М. Синий. История цвета. el.rsursi: https://www.litmir.me/
br/?b=135685&p=3
robaqiZe 1996: robaqiZe gr. simarTle CemTvis yvelaferia. Tbilisi:
1996.
sulava 2002: sulava n. `galaktionis vardTmetyveleba~. galaktiono-
logia, I. Tbilisi: 2002.
tabiZe 2016: tabiZe g. Txzulebani TxuTmet tomad. t. II. Tbilisi: 2016.
tresideri: Трессидер, Д. Словарь символов. el.rsursi: https://www.gumer.
info/bibliotek_Buks/Culture/JekTresidder/index.php
qegl 1990: qarTuli enis ganmartebiTi leqsikoni. Tbilisi: 1990.
SaTiriSvili 2002: SaTiriSvili z. `artistuli yvavilebis~ erTi invar-
iantuli modeli~. galaktionologia, I. Tbilisi: 2002.
wifuria 2016: wifuria b. `galaktioni – nacionaluri poeti~. wignSi:
galaktioni – 125, saiubileo krebuli. Tbilisi: Tsu gamomcemloba, 2016.
xinTibiZe 1992: xinTibiZe ak. galaktioni Tu cisferyanwelebi. Tbilisi:
gamomcemloba `gulani~, 1992.
xinTibiZe 2005: xinTibiZe ak. `Tovlis simbolika galaktionis poezia-
Si~. literaturuli Ziebani, XXVI. Tbilisi: 2005.
jorbenaZe 1999: jorbenaZe b. poeziis ena. Tbilisi: 1999.

129
emzar kvitaiSvili

„iisferi sityvebis“ mZebneli

velad yria lurji komSi

da cisferi atami.
galaktioni

saukune gasrulda „artistuli yvavilebis“ gamoqvey-

nebidan da am uiSviaTes krebuls JamTasvlis mtveri ax-
losac ar gakarebia; masSi gaerTianebul leqsebs Wknobisa
da gaxunebisa araferi datyobia. piriqiT, momxiblaoba da
elvareba moemata.
Tavidanve unda iTqvas – Cvenma TvalsaCino leqsmcod-
nem Teimuraz doiaSvilma uzarmazari Sroma gaswia, raTa
galaktion tabiZis epoqaluri wigni mTeli siRrmiTa da
simaRliT warmoeCina, dagvanaxa misi warudinebeli mniS-
vneloba. uamwignod qarTuli poezia verafriT gaxdeboda
iseTi, rogoric dRes aris, ar eqneboda is daxvewili musi-
kaloba da saganTa axleburi xedva, poeturi metyveleba,
sazomTa da gamomsaxvelobiTi xerxebis mravalferovneba,
rasac amJamad flobs.
didi codnisa da uzado gemovnebis mecnierma xangrZli-
vi, daZabuli kvlevis Sedegad sruliad cxadi gaxada, rom
„artistuli yvavilebi“, iseve, rogorc Teofil goties
„minanqrebi da kameebi“ da Sarl bodleris „borotebis
yvavilebi“ erT sxeulad Sekruli „wigni-mTlianobaa“. man
pirvandeli saxiT, prologiTa da epilogiT aRadgina poe-
tis mier Cafiqrebuli aRnagoba am wignisa, rasac mis garda
veravin SesZlebda. uyoymanod unda daveTanxmoT missave
gancxadebas: „borotebis yvavilebTan“ interteqsturi
kavSirebis gauTvaliswineblad „artistuli yvavilebis“
mecnieruli kvleva, ubralod, SeuZlebelia“ (doiaSvili
2003: 43).

130
 bodleri Tan hyveboda TiToeuli leqsis formis daxve-
was. mTeli cxovrebis manZilze srulyofda igi „borote-
bis yvavilebs“. orjer gamosca sicocxleSi, xolo mesame,
yvelaze sruli variantis gamocemas veRar moeswro.
alfred de vinisadmi gagzavnil werilSi (1861 wlis 16
dekemberi) igi sagangebod aRniSnavda:
„erTaderTi Seqeba, romelic am wignis mimarT meamebo-
da, imis aRiarebaa, rom igi ar aris leqsebis albomi, rom
mas aqvs dasawyisi da bolo. yvela axali poema imisTvis da-
iwera, raTa Camesva erTaderT CarCoSi, romelsac odesRac
mivageni“.
bodleri aq gulisxmobs Tavisi wignis monoliTur
mTlianobas. aseTi SemTxvevebi evropul poeziaSi arc ise
iSviaTia. magaliTad, franguli poeziis gamocdilebas na-
ziareb did germanel poets stefan georges (igi stefan ma-
larmes Segirdi iyo) aqvs am tipis wignebi („sulis weliwa-
di“, „cxovrebis noxi“, „meSvide beWedi“ da sxvebi). rilkem
misi poetikis mZlavri zegavlena ganicada. georges Semoq-
medebis safuZvliani mcodne da mTargmneli vladimir le-
tuCi wers: „rilkem georgesgan gadaiRo, agreTve, ganuyo-
feli wignis principi. „sulis weliwadisa“ da „cxovrebis
noxisagan“ iseve ar SeiZleba SevadginoT „rCeuli“, ro-
gorc rilkes wignidan „Jamni“.
Cemi mizani Zalze mokrZalebulia. minda davakvirde „ar-
tistuli yvavilebis“ erT Taviseburebas – masSi lurji,
cisferi feris siWarbes, Sevecado avxsna am movlenis arsi.

***
romantizmis suliT nasazrdoebi da gamsWvaluli
galaktion tabiZis SemoqmedebaSi advili SesamCnevia
nikoloz baraTaSvilis poeziis kvali, razedac araerT-
xel dawerila. baraTaSvilisganve Seisisxlxorca man
lurji feris Tayvaniscema. „meranis“ avtoris yvelaze
ufro romantikuli ieris leqsi anderZiviT miiRo da
gaiTavisa, gulisficarze hqonda amokveTili:
131
 cisa fers, lurjsa fers,
pirvelad qmnilsa fers
da ar am qveyniurs,
siyrmidgan vetrfodi.

misTvis aseve gasagebi da axalobeli iyo naadrevad da-

Rupuli tragikuli bedis poetis natvra – samaradisod
SerTvoda am fers. leqsis bolo ori strofi moaxloebu-
li sikvdilis winaTgrZnobiT sunTqavs da mcire reqviemad
gaismis:
movkvdebi – ver vnaxav
cremlsa me mSobliurs, –
mis nacvlad ca lurji
damafrqvevs cvars ciurs!

samares Cemsa, ros

gars nisli moecvas –
igica Seswiros
ciagman lurjsa cas!

finalur striqonSi gaelvebuli iSviaTi, naTebis

gamomxatveli sityvis („ciagman“) gamoZaxili galaktionis
erT-erT umniSvnelovanes leqsSi iCens Tavs, ganmazoga-
debel azrs iZens da amaze qvemoT vityvi.

***
lurji feris uCveulo simravlis gamo galaktion
tabiZis poeziaSi xSirad gvxvdeba ia, romlis miRmac xSi-
rad am unazesi yvavilis nairgvari simboluri mniSvnelo-
ba ikiTxeba.
simboloebisa da xatebis cnobil leqsikonSi, sxva mniS-
vnelobebTan erTad (siyvaruli, erTguleba, saTnoeba,
Tavmdabloba, aramdgradoba, ubiwoba da sxva), dasaxele-
bulia iis ori ZiriTadi mniSvneloba. erTi mxriv, igi aris
132
aRorZinebis, gazafxulis macne da, amis gverdiT, mwu-
xarebis, sikvdilis yvavili (de vrizi 1984: 288–289)
mkvlevarebi xSirad imowmeben laertis sityvebs Seq-
spiris genialuri tragediis – „hamletis“ bolo, mexuTe
moqmedebidan (suraTi pirveli), rom ofelias saflavze
gazafxulis iebi amova.
maCabliseul TargmanSi vardia damatebuli, magram es,
arsebiTad, arafers cvlis, azri igivea:

kubo samares CaasveneT; magis Svenier,

umanko sxeuls zed amova ia da vardi.

yvavilTa, gansakuTrebiT iis, siyvarulsa da SeqebaSi

badali ar hyavda „meaTe muzad“ saxeldebul legendarul
lesbosel safos, vinc galaktionis erT-erTi usayvarle-
si poetic iyo. cnobilia, rom igi iebiT rTavda gaTxovil
megobar qalTa saqorwino sarecels. rogorc mkiTxve-
li, misi RvTaebrivi fragmentebis kiTxvisas araerTxel
davmtkbarvar da mcire naSromSi „safos strofi“ sagange-
bod vwerdi:
„TumcaRa, istoriis avbediTobis gamo, safos ganumeo-
rebeli momxiblaobis leqsebma Cvenamde nafleT-nafle-
Tad moaRwia, iseTi SegrZneba giCndeba, rom mis qamandi-
viT moqneul striqonebs rZemowolili balaxisa da axal-
mowyvetili iebis surneleba asdis“.
ia da misi simbolika Zalze mravalferovania, uxvad aris
warmodgenili vaJa-fSavelas SemoqmedebaSi. iis momnusx-
veli madli, ferovneba, surneli da simboluri mniSvnelo-
bani galaktion tabiZis lirikaSi, ZiriTadad, vaJas po-
eziidan ikvalavs gzas. „gvelismWamelis“ avtors, bunebis
sworupovar mesaidumles, yvavilTa samyaros siyvarulsa
da aTasgvarad warmosaxvaSi Znelad Tu vinme Seedreba. iis
mimarT ki igi mudam gamorCeul siyvaruls iCenda. mTebSi,
mkacri zamTris pirobebSi gamoketils, mudam enatreboda
weliwadis ulamazesi drois, gazafxulis dadgoma da mis
133
macned nazad yelmoRerebuli pawawina lurji yvavili, ia
eguleboda. mzis motrfiale „ias, bnels xevSi mosulsa“,
romlis naadrevi Wknoba mudam aRonebda poets, uamravi
ukvdavi striqoni miuZRvna da, am mxriv, vaJa-fSavela, ga-
laktion tabiZis pirdapiri, uSualo winamorbedia. amde-
nad, vaJas poeziidan mogvixdeba ramdenime metyveli ma-
galiTis motana. aq calkeuli leqsebis garCevisagan Tavs
SevikavebT da metwilad iseT striqonebs movixmobT, sa-
dac es yvavili metaforuladaa moazrebuli. sruliad
cxadia, ia siyvarulis simbolod aris Seracxili, rodesac
am striqonebs wavikiTxavT: „tyuilad aSfoTdebian Cemni
wawalni iani...“, bunebrivia, yvelaze xSirad ia gazafxul-
Tan aris dawyvilebuli; saxeldaxelod SegviZlia amovi-
weroT amis naTelmyofeli adgilebi: „gazafxuls ia amo-
dis, sTvelSi iremi hyviriso“. „iac rom amoCenila, briy-
vis Cadunas rZalia“. „ia bequrSi gvicinis, JuJuna wvimiT
nabani“. „Cqara zafxuli moalis, ayovdebian iani.“ „kidevac
vnaxav gazafxuls, yelmoRerebuls iasa...“
iisa da vardis erTad xseneba xalxuri poeziidan kar-
gad aris cnobili da vaJac Taviseburad agrZelebs am
tradicias, sadac es ulamazesi yvavilebi erT sibrtyezea
warmoCenili: „visi ZuZu giwovia, iisa Tu vardisao...“
Tavis erT-erT ukanasknel SedevrSi – „fSaveli ja-
riskacis werili“ vaJa am saTayvano yvavilebs Zvirfasi
adamianis sxeulis samkaulad iyenebs, rasac leqsis pir-
velive striqonebi gvamcnobs:

gul-mkerdic agiyovdeba,
dedao, ia-vardiTa!..

aseTi magiuri striqonebis wamkiTxvels uneburad

Tvalwin daudgeba botiCelis RvTaebrivi funjiT Seqm-
nili gazafxulis gansaxiereba – flora, rac vaJas geniis
kidev erTi dadasturebaa.
aris SemTxvevebi, roca vaJas ia mwuxarebis yvavilad
gamohyavs, risi mizezic misi silamazis naadrevi Wkno-
134
baa. aq sagangebod unda davakvirdeT erT riTmaze gawyo-
bil mis mcire Sedevrs („ias uTxariT turfasa“), romlis
daweris mizezic, gadmocemis Tanaxmad, poetis cxovrebis
samwuxaro SemTxveva – pirveli meuRlis, 36 wlis ekaterine
nebieriZis uecari gardacvaleba gaxda (poets misgan erTi
vaJiSvili da sami gogona darCa). es ubedureba 1902 wlis 10
dekembers momxdara. vaJa maSin yvarelSi yofila stumrad
Tavis dasTan, marTasTan da es ambavi ver Seatyobines. ba-
Canas rZali umisod dausaflavebia (yubaneiSvili1937: 178).
zemoT naxseneb leqsSi, romelic ekaterines gardacva-
lebidan cota xnis merea dawerili (1903), usazRvro si-
nanuli moiarebiT aris gamoTqmuli da poeti mis gareSe
dasamarebul, iasTan gaigivebul meuRles eTxoveba. es
TiTqos gafrTxilebaa silamazisa, rom ar daibados, ar
eCveenos samzeos, radgan daWknoba da sikvdili elodeba.
leqsSi yvelaferi ukiduresi moqnilobiTaa gamoxatuli,
calkeul striqonebad danawileba gaZneldeba da ubralo
wakiTxvac ikmarebs imis warmosadgenad, ra cecxlSic iyo
gaxveuli damwuxrebuli vaJkacis guli. amitomac es dana-
barebi mTlianadaa amosaweri:

ias uTxariT turfasa:

mova da SegWams Wiao,
magre moxdeniT, lamazo,
Tavi rom agiRiao!
Sen Tu ggonia sicocxle
samoTxis kari Riao;
nu moxval, miwas efare,
mosvlaSi ara yriao.
nu naxavs mzesa, inanebs,
gana sul mudam mzeao!
miwav, Sen gebarebodes
es Cemi turfa iao,
Sen upatrone, emSoble,
rogorac Seni zneao.

135
 espanuri barokos udides poets luis gongoras (1561–
1627), visac servantesma „iSviaTi da ganumeorebeli
genia“ uwoda da visac aRmerTebda lorka, „bednierebis
uecar gaelvebaze“ aqvs leqsi, sadac adamianis arsebobas
igi adarebs yvavils, romelic diliT iSleba, SuadRisas
mze aTbobs, saRamoTi ki Wkneba.
amave WrilSi unda vaxsenoT vaJas SedarebiT adrin-
deli leqsi „niblias anderZi“ (1891), sadac ia mwuxarebis,
sikvdilis yvavilad gvevlineba da romelSic iSviaTi,
Znelad warmosadgeni silamazis gadmomcemi striqonebia.
pawia, mobuzuli Cituna ardasaviwyar survilad tovebs:

nazi iisa kubo Semikran,

guls damafaron turfa kesane....

es leqsi ramdenadme exmianeba „artistuli yvavilebis“

cnobil Sedevrs – „pirimzes“, razedac qvemoT vityvi.

***
`artistuli yvavilebis~ calkeul poetur saxeebSi
saguldagulo CaRrmaveba Sors wagviyvanda da, amdenad,
mokle Sefasebas, mcire monaxazebs davjerdi im adgile-
bisa, winamdebare Temas rom esadageba.
rigiT meore sakulto leqsis („lurja cxenebi“) dasa-
Taureba SemTxveviTi ar gaxlavT. es saxe poeziis sauf-
loSi gaWraze migvaniSnebs, simboloa galaktionis muzi-
sa, emblemis ieri aqvs da mTel leqssac lurjad feravs.
araamqveyniuri, miRma samyaro, „samudamo mxarec“ lur-
jadaa warmodgenili, aelvarebuli „nislis namqeriT“ ga-
buruli. „civ samareSi“ wolac silurjis usiamo, naRvli-
an gancdas badebs da amis gverdiT savsebiT bunebrivad
JRers leqsis erT-erTi, ukiduresad tragikuli adgili:
„samudamo mxareSi mxolod simwuxarea“. xolo refre-
nad SerCeuli, umZafresi tempis mqone striqoni (`Cqari
grgvinva-grialiT hqrian lurja cxenebi“), romelic amave
136
dros bolo wertilicaa, safuZvels qmnis, rom leqss
mTlianad lurji foni gasdevdes.
safrangeTis ulamazes, tragikulad daRupul dedo-
falze dawerili umSvenieresi leqsi „mariam antuaneta“
erT adrindel esseSi sagangebod maqvs ganxiluli da am-
jerad mxolod bolo strofze SevCerdebi, amJamindel
Temas rom exmianeba: „trianonis“, „TeTri Sadrevnebis“,
„versalis brolis“ da samefo karTan daaxloebuli dide-
bulebis xseneba moxdenilad acocxlebs samudamod Cav-
lil, ganumeorebel, mravalTaTvis sanatrel „galantur
epoqas“.
TavmokveTili dedoflis xvedrTan leqsis amRerebu-
li toni, SesaZloa, ramdenadme Seuferebelic gveCve-
nos, magram igi sasurvel kontrasts qmnis yvavilebiT
gadafifquli gazafxulis fonze: lurji feris mozR-
vaveba mwuxarebis iers aZlevs cxenis Tavawyetil gavard-
nas, xolo finalSi saxifaTo qrolvas eJvnebisa Tu zanza-
lakebis wkriali mosdevs:

dedofalo! lurja raSi

miqris saSiS-Cqari
da bilikTa lurj qviSaSi
miaqvs mZafri qari.
miqris dalalgadayrili
dovin-doven-dovli:
Tovli, fifqi da aprili,
vardisferi Tovli.

finalSi moqceuli bgeraTa TiTqosda uazro Tavmoyra

(„dovin-doven-dovli“) mTeli leqsis ritmul mimoxrasa
da JReradobas gvirgvins adgams – vxedavT qarSi gaSlil
cxenis fafars da CvenTvis misaxvedria, „lurja raSis“
gaSmagebuli, giliotinisken mimswrafi Weneba ratomac
aris ase „saSiS-Cqari“. bolo striqonma ki („vardisferi
Tovli“) SeiZleba „mTawmindis mTvaris“ umZafresi SeZaxi-
137
li gagvaxsenos: „sikvdilis gza arra aris vardisfer gzis
garda...“ micvalebulis bolo gza, Cveulebriv, dacveni-
li vardis furclebiT aris mofenili.
did portugaliel poets fernando pesoas eseisturi
Seferilobis prozaul SedevrSi „foriaqis wigni“, erT-
gan aseTi ram uweria: „leqsi mimaCnia erTgvar Suale-
dad, musikis prozaSi gadasasvlelad“ (pesoa 2016: 198). am
naTqvamma galaktionis „dovin-doven-dovli“ gamaxsena.
„mariam antuanetas“ SeniSvnaSi igi savsebiT sworad aris
ganmartebuli T. doiaSvilis mier: „asemantikuri ritmul-
melodiuri frazaa musikaluri funqciiT“ (tabiZe 2016:
205).
pesoa aq unda gulisxmobdes im moments, roca poets
dasaweri leqsi musikalur bgerebad Caesmis, rasac Semd-
gom sityvierad aformebs. es mainc prozad miaCnia, rac im
pirvelad biZgs uaxlovdeba.
galaktion tabiZis lirikaSi arcTu iSviaTia imgvari
SemTxvevebi, roca sazomSi CaWedili striqonebi uSua-
lod musikad ismis da maTSi Cadebuli azris amocnoba
miaxloebiT Tu SeiZleba.
„mariam antuanetas“ bolo striqonis „vardisferi
Tovli“, rogorc vnaxeT, ar aris Znelad asaxsneli saxe –
qarisagan mimofantuli yvavilebis metaforaa; aprilis
gverdiT „Tovlis“ da „fifqis“ xsenebac amis maCvenebelia.
momdevno Sedevris („Tovli“) „iisferi Tovlic“ TiTqmis
aseTive agebulebis tropia, magram misgan ramdenadme
ganze mdgomi, sxva TvaliT danaxuli namdvili Tovli da
fantelebis narnarad vardna sxvagvar ganwyobilebas qmnis.

***
olia okujavas darad cota vinme Tu grZnobda galak-
tionis leqsebis TrTolvas, mis iersa da gamoxedvas. ro-
stom CxeiZes Tavis veeba, Zalze mniSvnelovan biografiul
romanSi „komikosi tragediaSi“ (2012) olias dRiurebidan
moxmobili aqvs ramdenime iseTi adgili, moulodnelo-
138
bisagan SekrTebi. mxolod poetis tragikulad daRupul,
ufaqizesi gancdebis meuRles SeeZlo daewera aseTi ram
– Seni TvalebiT mowyenili da nazi iebi mimzereno (CxeiZe
2012: 483). iqve, dRiurisave mixedviT, aRwerilia (Tve da
ricxvic aris dasaxelebuli, 26 Tebervali), stambisken
rogor miiCqaroda „genialuri poeti iebis sevdiani mze-
riTa da sicivisagan acaxcaxebuli, sazafxulod gamowyo-
bili zamTris susxian dReebSi“ (CxeiZe 2012: 485).
ar aris gasakviri, iebiviT akiafebul poetis Tvalebs,
yvavilTa Soris, yvelaze metad ia, sifrifana furclebi-
dan daZruli misi gauxunari silurje moswoneboda da es
feri sxva sagnebze gadaetana. amis mowme axlave gavxdebiT.
galaktion tabiZis zamTriseuli peizaJebi sulis Sem-
Zvreli naRvlianobiT, iSviaTi sinaziT gamoirCeva da am
dros yvelafers silurjis ieri gadahkravs. es TvalnaT-
liv Cans misi xsenebuli Sedevris („Tovli“) pirvelsave
strofSi:

me Zlier miyvars iisfer Tovlis

qalwulebiviT xididan cvena:
mwuxare grZnoba civi sisovlis
da siyvarulis ase moTmena.

Tovlis iisfrad danaxva da cidan narnarad daSvebuli

fantelebis qalwulTa tanis rxevasTan Sedareba sruliad
axali poeturi azrovnebis mimaniSnebelia. amisave gamom-
xatvelia „mwuxare grZnoba civi sisovlis“. adre vnaxeT,
mwuxareba da qalwuloba rogor iyo gaTanabrebuli si-
lurjesTan da am striqonebsac mTlianobis elferi dah-
kravs. amave azrma da msgavsebam dabada momdevno strofis
bolo striqonic: `udabno lurjad naxaverdebi“. lurji
feris es gama Semdgom TandaTan Zlierdeba da „mwuxare
grZnobas“, „mdinaris xididan“ iisferi fantelebis ta-
atiT, „qalwulebiviT“ vardnas enacvleba „zambaxebiviT
wyebad dawvena“. zambaxis xsenebac lurjad feravs Tovls
139
da silurje bolomde gasdevs leqss, rasac damajereblo-
bas matebs refrenad gamoyenebuli striqonebi:

Tovs! amnair dRis xarebam lurji

da daRaluli sizmriT damTova.

iSviaTi SemTxvevaa – netareba da naRveli erTmaneTzea

gadabmuli, rac uCveulo, manamde arnaxul silamazes qmnis.
zedmeti ar iqneba, aqve movixmoT amave periodSi dawe-
rili (1920), tragizmis grZnobiT aRsavse ubrwyinvalesi
leqsis – „tfilisis“ – erTi strofi, sadac aseve zamTris
dauviwyari suraTia daxatuli:

sioni Cemi naTels damaTovs,

mtkvaric daanTebs naTel xarebas,
aTovs xideebs, aTovs madaTovs,
aTovs zmanebebs da mwuxarebas.

ioli SesamCnevia, rom materialuri sagnebi da adamianis

sulieri mdgomareobis gamomxatveli ganwyobilebani
erT rigSia moqceuli, rac isev da isev axali poeturi
metyvelebis maniSnebelia. daTovlili mwuxarebac sakma-
risia, rom am striqonebSic poetisTvis egzom mimzid-
veli da axlobeli silurje SevicnoT. TviT leqsic,
ostatobis doniTa da suliskveTebiT, bunebrivad moer-
geboda „artistuli yvavilebis“ rkals, magram galakti-
onma Tavis sakralur wignSi igi ratomRac ar Seitana.

***
vaJa-fSavelas Zalze Taviseburi leqsis „niblias an-
derZis“ gamo adreve vaxsene „artistuli yvavilebis“ erT-
erTi mSveneba, sizmareuli xilvebiT mosirmuli „pirimze“,
sadac mibnedili mTvaris Suqze gacocxlebulia JamTasv-
lisagan iavarqmnili sasaxle da warsulis suraTebs, ku-
boSi uxvad Cafenili iebis fonze, iseve, rogorc wreSi
datrialebul mocekvave efemerul arsebebs, silur-
140
jis naRvliani ieri dahkravs. vaJas leqsTan gadaZaxili
Soreuli, magram mainc sagrZnobia:
kubo ki RamiT savsea iiT
da waqceuli svetebi dgeba:
amodis mTvare da samaiiT
fermkrTal qalebis mimodis wyeba.

eWvsgareSea – ia aq mwuxarebis damamSvenebeli sikvdi-

lis yvavilia, rogoradac igi araerT poetur qmnilebaSi
gvevlineba.

***
„artistuli yvavilebis“ yvelaze mZafri dramatizmi-
Ta da virtuozuli ostatobiT gamorCeul leqss „silaJ-
varde anu vardi silaSi“, sadac mTel qarTul poeziaSi
JReradobis, keTilxmovanebis mxriv dRemde gadaulaxve-
li sariTmo wyvili saTaurSivea gatanili da sizmarTan
Sedarebuli, tanjviT aRsavse „cxovrebis gza“ mwuxarebis
lurji feriTaa daRdasmuli, gamowvlilviT, ar ganvixi-
lav. mxolod erT adgils gamovacalkeveb, romelSic poeti
– „ocnebis baRiT daWrili gedi“ – Semawuxeblad Secvlil
sakuTar saxes xatavs da saamisod iebia moxmobili. xate-
bis winaSe mdgari, igi Jinianad da gamomwvevad mimarTavs
ulmobel, yovlis gamTelav bedisweras:

Sexede! dastkbi! Cemi Tvalebi

wined rom feTqdnen cvrebiT, iebiT –
RamenaTevi da namTvralevi,
savsea cremlTa SurisZiebiT!

am genialur leqss iwyebs da kravs mzed, sicocxlis

wyarod miCneuli RvTismSoblis sadideblad aRvlenili,
zeadamianuri Zalis striqonebi (kargad viciT, rom udide-
si mxatvrebi wminda mariams lurj samoselSi warmogvid-
genen), sadac poetis gauxareli arseboba iisfer burusSia
gaxveuli:
141
 dedao RvTisav, mzeo mariam!
rogorc nawvimar silaSi vardi, –
Cemi cxovrebis gza sizmaria
da Soreuli cis silaJvarde.

***
Semodgomas galaktion tabiZis lirikaSi mudam naR-
veli da mwuxareba axlavs. am feradovan, uaRresad
daxvewil, grZnobamoZalebul leqsSic („Semodgomis
fragmenti“) uxvadaa „mwuxare da nazi zmaneba“, sinanuli
ulamazes yvavilTa Wknobis, foTolcvenis gamo, ra-
sac aseve „mWknari axalgazrdoba“ uwyvildeba. galakti-
oni, rogorc giorgi leoniZe, mZafrad, mtkivneulad ga-
nicdida siWabukis wlebTan ganSorebas da es araerTxel
gamouxatavs. savsebiT bunebrivia, rom xsenebuli leq-
sis finaluri striqonebi Semodgomis cis silurjiTaa
gadanaTebuli:

haerSi oxravs foTolTa Crdili,

swuxs laJvardebis msubuqi qafi:
da Semodgomis gzebze daRlili
midian grei da zeinabi.

galaktions aq uTuod isic aqvs CaTqmuli, rom oskar

uaildis romanis mTavari gmiris gvari „grei“ inglisurad
nacrisfers niSnavs, rac zedmiwevniT exameba leqsis naR-
vlian, Semodgomiseul, monislul ganwyobilebas.
poetis Sinagan bunebasTan imdenad axlo iyo ia da misi
feri, weliwadis yovel dros, TviT zamTarSiac ver war-
moedgina masTan ganSoreba. amitomacaa – metad Tamami
axleburi poeturi saxeebiT gamorCeul Tavisufal leq-
sSi (mis garda vis SeeZlo daewera: – momesmis Seyvarebul
wamwamT kankali...) „samreklo udabnoSi“ rom ar gvexamu-
Seba es mtkivneuli striqonebi:
142
 ianvris Tovli, ianvris Tovli
aWknobs Cems sulSi naadrev iebs...

musikis fenomenTan galaktionis siaxlove gansakuT-

rebiT gamokveTilad Cans leqsSi „Wianurebi“, sadac kon-
kretul azrTa Zieba sasurvel Sedegs ver mogvcems, xo-
lo nislisa da qaris garemocvaSi „SeSlili feris“ xseneba
SesaZloa silurjeze migvaniSnebdes. samagierod, savse-
biT naTelia, Tu vis Tvlida igi Tavis maswavleblad, ro-
ca leqsis umTavres Rirsebad musikalobas aRiarebda:

xSirad vigoneb verlens,

rogorc daRupul mamas...

didad faseulia am striqonebTan dakavSirebuli SeniS-

vna, TxuTmettomeulis meore toms rom daerTvis da aq
gamoTqmuli azris pirvelwyarod gvevlineba: „stefan ma-
larme (1848-1898) pol verlenis (1844-1896) Sesaxeb werda:
„axalgazrdobis namdvili mama aris verleni, didebuli
verleni“. Wabuki galaktioni, rogorc Cans, didi frangi
poetis SemoqmedebiT memkvidred miiCnevda Tavs“ (tabiZe
2016: 224).
sazomiT, tonalobiT, ritmuli rxevebiTac „Wianure-
bis“ msgavsia religiuri Sinaarsis leqsi „saRamo“, sadac,
SesamCnevi alogikurobisa da planebis aRrevis miuxeda-
vad, mainc daculia mTlianoba. aqac SeniSvnebSi zusta-
daa miTiTebuli, rom „karis RvTismSobeli aris „aTonis
iveriis RvTismSoblis saswaulmoqmedi xati“ (tabiZe 2016:
224).
leqsSi gamoTqmuli „macxovrisadmi SiSi“ cnaurdeba
finalis wina strofSi, romelic jvarcmis Tavisebur su-
raTs gvixatavs da Cvens yuradRebas ufro feris gamo
ipyrobs:
jvarze gakruli elva –
es Cemi daa lurji,

143
 lurj yvavilebis Telva,
axalgazrdoba urCi.

TavisTavad, Rameul caze gaklaknili elva lurji

ferisaa da roca igi, gaTelil „lurj yvavilebis“ gver-
diT, jvarzea gakruli, mTel leqss silurjis ieri edeba.
idumalebiTa da miniSnebebiT aRbeWdil leqsSi „vin
aris es qali?~, sadac mTvaris Suqze ayvavebuli aluCebi
da Sadrevnebi ucnaurad amoZravebul qandakebaTa Soris
anaTeben, Tavidanve lurji feri ikveTeba („mimafrenda
napralebze lurja cxeni“), momdevno striqonebSi ki ga-
moCndeba poetisTvis saocnebo arseba da galaktionis
sayvareli daJinebuli kiTxviTi intonacia gvamcnobs mis
laJvardovan iers. SemkiTxveli aq musikaa anu TviT po-
etis suli:
sadRac Sors musika qariviT kiTxulobda:
vin aris es qali, vin aris es qali
aseTi cisferi?

sxva ferisa arc iqneboda misi trfialebis sagani da am

SemTxvevaSi romelime realuri pirovnebis Zebna ar iqne-
boda gamarTlebuli.
„sikvdili mTvarisagan“ erT-erTi yvelaze Znelad Ca-
sawvdomi da misaxvedri leqsia. gasuli saukunis aTian
wlebSi galaktioni xarbad iyo dawafebuli simbolistur
literaturas (poezias, prozas, dramaturgias) da amis
gamoZaxili pirvelsave or striqonSi igrZnoba, magram
momdevno or striqons mSobliur garemoSi gadavyavarT,
razedac saqarTvelos ori mTavari mdinaris – rionisa
da mtkvris miniSneba da galaktionis usayvarlesi feri
(„lurji“) metyvelebs:

wakiTxul wignTa saRamois msubuqi bindi

areebs mSvidaT, udardelad kvlav efareba,
mdinareT lurji, qafiani da mZime zvirTi
Savi zRvisa da kaspiisken mieCqareba.
144
 „wakiTxul wignTa“ anarekli aSkarad Cans momdevno
strofSi, sadac uCveulo poeturi metyvelebis garda, ise-
Ti suraTebia daxatuli, romelTa msgavsic evropeli sim-
bolisti poetebis SemoqmedebaSi Warbad gvxvdeba.

daimsxvra sadRac imedebi da xomaldebi,

STainTqnen maRal kuboebSi cis kideebi.

kuboebis xseneba da leqsis saTauric SemTxveviTi ar

unda iyos. galaktionma icis, rom miTologiaSi mTvare
micvalebulTa samyofelia da TviT es usicocxlo pla-
neta, mraval mniSvnelobasTan erTad, sikvdilsac ganasa-
xierebs (de vrizi 1984: 326–327).
mesame strofSi yvaviliviT gadaxsnili mTvaris umSve-
nieresi saxea Semorkaluli. Cven vakvirdebiT saocrebas,
romelSic umaRlesi poeziis madliT Serwymulia galak-
tionis esoden sayvareli feri da ucxo, gamabruebeli
surneleba. samudamod rCeba mexsierebaSi mTvaris magi-
uri qmedeba:

jer daaguba TeTr RrublebSi iebis Rvari

da gadaRvara viT siriis nelsacxebeli.

momnusxveli silamazis miuxedavad, es saxe mainc wig-

nuri warmomavlobisaa. „maRali kuboebis“ xseneba mainc
oTaxuri garemos, daxuruli sivrcis gancdas iwvevs, rac
SemdgomSi galaktionma bunebrivad gaarRvia da razedac
bolosken mogviwevs saubari.
qarTuli leqsis esoden aucilebel reformas yvelaze
didi amagi galaktionma dasdo da es, upirveles yovlisa,
„artistul yvavilebSi“ gamoCnda. aq ramdenime mSveni-
eri verlibria, romelTa Soris aRsaniSnavia „fardebis
Sriali“. Tu rogor eZvirfaseba poets Tavisi umdidre-
si palitris mTavari feri, amis naTelsayofad oriode
striqons movitan:
145
 gareT iasamans
bindi efareba...
baRi edareba
cisfer mogonebas...

galaktion tabiZis Sedevrebidan „mTawmindis mTvare~

yvelaze ufro romantikuli xasiaTis leqsia da amas TviT
Tema, suliskveTeba ganazRvravs. baraTaSvilis geniis
adrindeli gamovlinebis qmnilebasTan („SemoRameba mTaw-
mindazed“) da akakis ukvdav „ganTiadTan“ erTad igi marad
uWknob triadas qmnis. mamadaviTis mTaze SemaRlebuli
ucnauri mTvare zambaxTanaa Sedarebuli da Tavidanve sa-
survel ganwyobilebas badebs xeTa totebSi gadaxlarTu-
li „cisferi landebi“. Zvirfasi da axlobelia SeRamebis
xans gamoxmobili, ukvdavTa savaneSi damkvidrebuli wi-
naparTa nacnobi aCrdilebi. poeti sizmarSi myofs hgavs
da naCvenebia, zmanebam rogor `gaSala ocnebaTa lurji
ialqnebi“. „lurji ialqani“ galaktionis sayvareli saxea,
ocnebis, ukidegano sivrceSi gaWris simbolod gamoiyu-
reba da sxva leqsebSic gaielvebs xolme.
sabednierod, saqarTvelos radios „oqros fondSi“
inaxeba „mTawmindis mTvaris“ Canaweri, romelic baTum-
Si fridon xalvaSis mowadinebiT gakeTda. SeuZlebelia
auRelveblad moismino es teqsti, erTi da imave stri-
qoniT rom iwyeba da mTavrdeba, magram galaktioni fi-
nalSi Zalze marjved iyenebs artistul Seyovnebas da me-
re, mcire xniT sunTqvaSekruli, sul sxva intonaciiT
warmoTqvams ukve boloSi moqceul striqons: „jer aras-
dros ar Sobila mTvare ase wynari!“, riTac TvalnaTliv
gvagrZnobinebs, raodeni silamaze da gznebaa Cadebuli am
aRsarebasaviT gadmoRvril leqsSi.
akakis pirovnebasa da SemoqmedebasTan mudam Rrma su-
lier naTesaobas grZnobda, mTeli sicocxle eTayvane-
boda, salocav xatad miaCnda da „artistul yvavilebSi“
Setanili „akakis landic“ amis pirdapiri gamovlinebaa. es

146
leqsi sakmaod daSorebulia pirveli wignis xelweras da
masSi aSkarad sacnauria reformiseuli siaxle. axalgar-
dacvlili poetis aCrdils, rogorc mosalodneli iyo,
mgloviarobis lurji ieri dahkravs. amaze es CurCuliT
naTqvamic migvaniSnebs:

Cumad.... daRlili sanTlebiT modis

mwuxare landi... maRali landi.

ficiviT JRers finalis wina strofi, sadac Tavis adg-

ils iWers galaktionis sayvareli feri da Cven vxedavT Ra-
meuli, Camuqebuli mTebis fonze rogor miirweva „landi
mwuxarebisa“, romelic arasodes dagvtovebs:

iqneba CvenTvis, iqneba CvenSi,

iqneba CvenTan marad da marad!
Cvenis sizmrebis sidiadeSi,
Cveni fiqrebis lurj niav-qarad.

romel CvenTagans daaviwydeba did qalaqSi sabediswe-

ro tyviiT gangmirul patara bavSvze dawerili uZliere-
si zemoqmedebis leqsi „i. a“. vaxtang javaxaZem ueWvmi-
utanlad daamtkica, rom igi poetma siyrmis megobars,
Wabua amirejibis mamas, irakli amirejibs miuZRvna: aq
kalmis erTi mosmiT uzarmazari tragediaa gadmocemuli.
mxolod umZafres gancdas da umaRles STagonebas SeeZlo
eSva aseTi gamaognebeli striqonebi:

da mwuxarebis maleniavSi
mofrindnen lurji angelozebi!

umanko bavSvis sulis mosaoxeblad movlenil cis binad-

rebs sworedac laJvardis feri unda hqonodaT, rogorc
maT gamoCenili mxatvrebi warmosaxavdnen. SegviZlia mo-
vixmoT TviT galaktionis sxva leqsis („avdris molodi-
ni“) Semdegi striqoni: „oh! serafimis cisferi suli!“
147
 gavixsenoT meore mcire zomis leqsic („saxli tyis
pirad“), sadac galaktioni misi poeziis Tayvanismce-
mel debs, ufaqizesi bunebis arsebebs efereba; rogori
haerovnebiTaa daxatuli maTi zRapruli samyofeli:

exlac Cems Tvalwin aris

Tqveni bina tyis pirad
da saRamo mdinaris
gaxelili cisferad.

sityvaTa aseTi moulodneli da amasTanave moxdenili

SekavSireba („saRamo mdinaris“) da kidev ufro fantasti-
kuri – am mdinaris „cisferad gaxelil“ Tvalad warmod-
gena mxolod galaktions Tu SeeZlo. aRar gvikvirs, roca
sxva leqsSi („mwolare“) igi aseT rames ambobs: „midioda
mdinare, rogorc lurji olari...“ uamrav sagansa Tu mov-
lenas, mis mzeraSi moxvedrils, lurji Seferiloba aqvs.

***
„artistul yvavilebSi“, verlenis Semdeg, SemTxveviT
ar aris moxseniebuli meore „dawyevlili poeti“ vilie de
lil-adani. igi parizuli bohemis uTvalsaCinoesi figura
iyo da amitomac leqsSi „gviani ocneba“ gansakuTrebuli
yuradReba gamoamJRavna misdami. pirvelsave strofSi sa-
tanis gamoCena iman ganapiroba, rom mis nawerebSi xSirad
moqmedeben satanuri, demonuri Zalebi. leqsebi cota dar-
Ca, magram misi „sastiki moTxrobebidan“ erT-erTma galak-
tions STaagona leqsi „orxideebi“, razedac `galaktiono-
logiis“ mesame wignSi gamoqveynebuli maqvs esse „ocnebis
gamosarCleba“ (kvitaiSvili 2004).
„gviani ocnebis“ ori strofi erTgvari Semzadebaa fi-
naluri sami striqonis dasawerad. mwuxarebis ucnaurad,
galaktioniseburad xseneba („yeliT gadaqaneba“) gzas ux-
snis lurji feris mozRvavebas, xolo „ganSorebis dRe“
aRiqmeba sikvdilad, rasTanac galaktions zogjer iro-
148
niuli damokidebuleba hqonda. suraTi rom ufro cxadi
gaxdes, leqsis mTlianad motana ajobebs:

wigni vedrebiani:
aloceba satanis,
da ocneba gviani
vilie de lil-adanis.
xSirad momefarebis
Cemi kargi zmaneba
da mtanjavs mwuxarebis
yeliT gadaqaneba.
lurji, lurji dRe aris,
ganSorebis dRe aris,
me ar veli uaress...

***
lurji anu cisferi Warbadaa mimobneuli galaktionis
calkeul leqsebSi: „gamomyves lurja cxenebis mtveri“
(`nugeSi~), „ecema Tmebi lurj sarkeebs, viT nakaduli...“
(„zRapari“), „cviva lurji faruli...“ („ucnauri sasaxle“),
„lurji ialqnebidan vici, ra darebia!“ („mzadeba gasamgza-
vreblad“), „saRamo iwva xaverdis ydaSi, viT wigni lurji
da ZvelisZveli“ („srolis xma mTaSi“), magram yovel maT-
ganze Znelia yuradRebis SeCereba.
krebulis erT-erTi gamorCeuli da idumali leq-
sia „wm. giorgi“, romelsac mere, mizezTa gamo, „Zveli
wisqvili“ ewoda. mtkvris da aragvis SesarTavTan amosu-
li mTvare iqaurobas burusSi xvevs da ucnaurad naTq-
vami: „cvari svams zambaxebis fialas“, yvelafers lurjad
aaelvarebs, riTac Semzadebulia umSvenieresi suraTi:
„lurj zRapariviT xavsi faravs dawewil wisqvils...“ da
iqve, akiskisebuli, grZelTmiani alebis TamaSi broliviT
gamWvirvale Sadrevnis CqerebSi leqss miTiur sanaxaobad
aqcevs.

149
 zogi ram uTuod unda iTqvas galaktion tabiZis erT-
erT uZlieres leqsze „dabruneba“, sadac lurji feri
uSualod araa naxsenebi, magram umTavres da Seumcdari
alRoTi mignebul poetur xatSi iribad, Tumca aSkarad
monawileobs.
Tavdapirvelad Cven Tvalwin gadaSlilia „lixs aqiT
da iqiT“ ganfenili saqarTvelo, miniSnebulia mis mier
gadatanil damangrevel brZolebze, gaxsenebulia saamayo
winaprebi, maTi wuxili qveynis ubedobaze, rasac mosdevs
SeRamebis moulodneli da dauviwyari aRwera. aq poeti
Tavis sayvarel da nacad xerxs iyenebs. SekiTxvis ucnaur-
ma, TiTqosda miamiturma formam da iqve gacemulma sxar-
tma, yvelafris damtevma pasuxma SeuZlebeli SeaZlebina
poets, Tanac yovelgvari daZabvis gareSe:

saRamos landebi viT bindi niavis

midamos sdebia,
ginaxavT Tqven feri dabindul qliavis?
es Cemi samSoblo mTebia.

ase lamazad, ase yvelasagan gansxvavebulad, aseTi ra-

induli siamayiT, arc manamde da arc mere, aravin mofere-
bia saqarTvelos.
am marTlacda sworupovarma, xelixelsagogmanebma
tropma erTxelac mibiZga, moviSvelio fernando peso-
as sxva, metad Tamami da gansacvifreblad Taviseburi
gamonaTqvami:
„arsebobs Sedarebebi ufro cocxali, vidre quCaSi mo-
siarule adamianebi. arsebobs naxatebi wignTa kuTxeebSi
da isini bevrad realurad cxovroben, vidre mravali da
mravali mamakaci da qali. arsebobs literaturuli fra-
zebi, savsebiT adamianuri individualoba rom aqvT“ (pesoa
2016: 145).
aq is azria Cadebuli, rom zogierTi metafora gan-
kerZoebul, leqsisagan damoukidebel arsebobas iwyebs.

150
swored aseT metaforad unda CaiTvalos galaktion tabi-
Zis daxatuli, mqrali, molurjo, Txeli, iolad mosaSo-
rebeli, mwife xilismieri mtvriT dafaruli „dabindul
qliavs“ Sedarebuli mSobliuri mTebi.
galaktionis lirikis saukeTeso qmnilebebi aTvalsa-
Cinoebs im iSviaT Tvisebas (amas ki gansakuTrebuli niWi
esaWiroeba), roca bunebaSi arsebul saganTa moxazuloba
da feri sityvaSi gadadis. `dabrunebam~ es unari umaRle-
si ZaliT gamoavlina.

***
galaktion tabiZis umZafres, dauokebel ltolvas
silurjisa da am feris nairgvari tonebisadmi yvelaze
Tvalxilulad, „magiuri kristalis“ darad avlens „artis-
tuli yvavilebis“ mozrdili, xuT waxnagad ganwiluli
leqsi „gzaSi“. didi qalaqis mtvriTa da SxamiT mowamluli
poeti ocnebaSia gadasuli, sofluri siwmindisa da sim-
yudrovisaken mieqaneba. leqss Tavidan bolomde silur-
jis ieri gadakravs da amas saTaves udebs dataroebuli ya-
nis Sriali („...nacnobi JrJola simindis“), pirvel striqons
(„lurji aCrdili cxel haerSi dgas“) rom exmianeba. leq-
sis gzad warmodgenil mdinarebaSi ki yovelives galaktion
tabiZis poeziis mravaljer aRniSnuli mTavari feri gan-
sazRvravs. sxva nawilSi es miraJi misi pirveli, uiRblo
siyvarulis xatebasa da saxels ukavSirdeba („gadifrens
Tvalwin aCrdili meris~...). meris motivs qvemoT kvlav
mivubrundebiT, manamde ki leqsis sxva striqonebsac unda
davakvirdeT.
siymawvilis Jami poetisaTvis aris „Zveli zRapari“. siw-
mindes ganasaxierebs „sofelSi samreklos zari“... „yaneb-
Si elva namgalis“ lamobs, rogorme ganeridos sulisSem-
xuTvel garemos („damwvari viyav qalaqis qafiT“), daibru-
nos monatrebuli idilia; „uCvevad kargi da fexSiSveli“
gaWrilia sizmareuli SoreTisaken, raTa kvlav ixilos
„mindvrebi, mTebi da zRva yanebi...“
151
 leqsis ritmi zustad mihyveba frinvelebis (mwyeri,
RalRa, torola) moZraobas; yvelaferi zurmuxtisfrad
da lurjadaa gadanaTebuli, iqmneba iSviaTi silamazis
suraTi – erTmaneTTanaa Serwymuli, samudamod gadajaW-
vuli xati da xma, ris miRwevasac umaRlesi ostatoba
ganapirobebs:

mwvane talRebis midis mewyeri,

ismis jejilis marao-qrola.

„SfoTian tfiliss“ garidebuli poetis winaSe Tavbru-

damxvevi mSveniereba iSleba da misi aCqarebuli sunTqva,
sagangebod danawevrebuli, nawyvet-nawyvetad mimobne-
uli ritmi, zedmiwevniT morgebulia leqsis saerTo gan-
wyobilebas, suraTTa monacvleobas:

ca laJvardia... dRe aris Tbili,

mze aris mware... gza aris cxeli.

am „cxeli gzis“ gavla amao ar aRmoCnda – igi ubrunde-

ba naocnebar samyaros, Tvals hkidebs qarisgan Seryeul
„odnav gaRebul karebs baRisas“ da nanatri wuTebic dgeba.
bolo, mexuTe nakveTSi kvlav naxsenebia galaktionis
lirikis erT-erTi umTavresi simbolo, ubiwoebis gamom-
xatveli arseba, rac mTeli leqsis dedaazrad iqceva, yo-
velive mis garSemo iyris Tavs. SemTxveviTi ar gaxlavT,
rom igi poetis usayvarles, sakralur ferTan da mwux-
arebasTan aris gaTanabrebuli. irgvliv rac ilandeba, am
feriTaa garemosili:

aq mravalia cisferi feri!

es feri marad Tvals eyvareba.
rogorc qalwulis saxeli: meri –
aris cisferi da mwuxareba.

152
 gaxede Sor mTebs! gaxede serebs!
gaxede talRebs Caqsovils tbaSi,
cisferi ise ucxod iferebs
samosels dReTa elvarebaSi.

yvelafris mimaniSnebeli da gamxsneli, poetis gaSinag-

nebuli mrwamsis gamomxatveli mainc leqsis bolo stro-
fia, sadac „uCinar tyved“ igi Tavis Tavs moiazrebs da
gamoixmobs; swored misi piriT metyveleben mokvdavTa
gonisTvis miuwvdomeli, sxva siRrmis, sxva ganzomilebis
sizmrebi:

suli eZaxis im uCinar tyves,

visac sizmrebSi uxsnian bages,
iisTvis eZebs iisfer sityvebs
da cisfer sityviT eZebs ciagebs.

nikoloz baraTaSvilis leqsidan momdinare „ciagi“

uRrublo cad moiazreba da amgvari unaTlesi ca mxolod
misi ferisave sityvas Tu iguebs. poetis Tqmis xelovneba
bolo or striqonSi formulis moqnilobasa da simyares
iZens, rac mxolod udides ostatebs xelewifebaT.
visac Sesisxlxorcebuli aqvs galaktion tabiZis li-
rikis Zala, madli da momxiblaoba, SeuZlebelia eWvi
Seeparos – mTeli mowamebrivi sicocxlis manZilze igi
Seumcdari geSiTa da daJinebiT eZebda da kidevac po-
ulobda „iisfer sityvebs“. Zneli iyo, mis grZneul Tvals
raime gamohparvoda.

***
bevrjer davrwmunebulvarT, rom lurji (igive iisfe-
ri) da cisferi galaktion tabiZis lirikaSi ukidegano,
uZiro laJvardsa da amayad azidul mTebs ukavSirdeba.
saamiso magaliTebis daZebna advilia. gavixsenoT Tundac
ucnaurad ayiravebuli da amasTanave mwyobri striqonebi:
153
„lurji trialiT brunavdnen mTebi da iryeoda laJvardi
broli“ („me ara erTxel mqonia frTebi“). silurje mTebs
ufro Sebindebisas edeba. es kargad Cans erT adrindel
(1925) leqsSi `saRamo soflad“, sadac mSobliuri kuTxis
sanaxebia daxatuli. pirvelsave strofSi saRamouli
mTebis ieris gadmosacemad poeti ias iSveliebs, magram
es sityvebi uCveulo, manamde gamouyenebeli formiTaa
warmodgenili:

gzas ver pouloben mwkrivi weroebi,

gzas ver pouloben neli niavebi,
odnav irxevian islis Reroebi,
mTebis SeRamebiT monaiavebi.

poeti qarTuli enis bunebas mihyveba: yurs ar eucxoeba

amgvarad nawarmoebi sxva sityva – „mooqrovili“, magram
„monaiavebi“ pirvelad da Zalze STambeWdavad galaktion-
ma Casva leqsSi. mzegadasuli, Camuqebuli mTebis silurje
sust niavze moqanave islis Reroebs gadaedeba da amas, ro-
gorc davinaxeT, erTi marjved moRvedili sityva („mona-
iavebi“) gvagrZnobinebs. SemdgomSi iisgan momdinare zmna
galaktionma kidev ufro sxartad, moqnilad gamoiyena,
razedac sagangebod unda iTqvas.
adrec damiweria, rom galaktion tabiZes Tavisi Tavi
sicocxleSive Zeglad hqonda warmodgenili da es bevr-
jerac gamouxatavs. erTgan am Zeglis feric ar aviwydeba:
„Zegli cisferi da namTvralevi aRimarTeba mSobliur
mTebze“. sxva feris Zegli mis warmosaxvaSi albaT arc gaC-
ndeboda. axla unda movixmoT gviandeli (1956) usaTauros
erTaderTi, pirvelive strofi (momdevno sam strofSi sa-
surveli simaRle, samwuxarod veraa SenarCunebuli). am
strofSi kvlav Zeglis aRmarTvazea laparaki, magram aqvea
wuxili gardauval warmavlobaze – ragind didebis mwver-
vals miaRwios, bolos yovelive nadgurdeba (movigonoT
„dabmuli Winka“), yvelafers iavarqmna emuqreba. am daeW-
154
vebas gvauwyebs pirvelive, striqonis TavSi dasmuli sity-
va – „vTqvaT“. danarCeni TandaTan cxadi xdeba:

vTqvaT: mTad samzeo da saniave

aRmarTe Zegli, eloliave...
vardebiT morTe, moaiave,
da... uceb angrevs JamTa siave.

vardisa da iis gvirgvinebiT morTva mzis sxivebiTa da

laRi niaviT nafereb, ukvdavebis sawindrad aRmarTul
Zegls ver uSvelis, sabolood mas „JamTa siave“ mosravs.
am strofSi erTxelac gamoCnda, rom didostatis xelSi
qarTul zmnas da sityvadqmnadobas saswaulis moxdena
SeuZlia. galaktionma geniosis gaumtyunebeli alRoTi
igrZno, rom riTmad katrenis mesame striqonSi „moaiave“
unda Caesva (erTnairad JReradi oTxi riTma erT wertil-
zea damiznebuli da oTxive nagulisxmevi Zeglis „moi-
avebas“ isaxavs miznad). iqve naxsenebi „vardi“ saamisod
ar gamodgeboda. swored esaa „sityvis alqimia“. es sityva
(„moaiave“) aseTi formiT naxmari, waruSleli ieriT beWed-
dasmuli, mxolod galaktionis saxelTan iqneba dakavSire-
buli iseve, rogorc rusTavelis Semdgom veravin SesZlebs
gamoiyenos „gasisxlmdinarda“.

***
cnobilia, rarig uyvarda galaktions wyneTi da misi
Semogareni. wyneTis tyeebSi am RmerTkacis xetialsa da
myudro qvabulSi xSirad yofnazea dawerili revaz ina-
niSvilis erT-erTi saukeTeso poeturi moTxroba „pani“.
TviT galaktions wyneTisa da misi mimdebare soflebis
silamazem mravali mSvenieri leqsi STaagona. xiblavda
siyvaruliT naxsenebi „uZos mTebis“ moxazuloba, mzisgan
oqrosfrad SeRebili mwvervalebis cqera. uTuod gri-
gol orbelianis mgznebare leqsi utrialebda gonebaSi,
roca am striqonebs werda:
155
 dRemdis saxe Tamar mefis
SerCenia beTanias...

iebiviT aelvarebul Tvalebsa da mudmivad daZabul

smenas pawia Cqamic ar gausxlteboda da amitomacaa, Tavisi
agarakis aivanze gadamdgari poetis xma sxeulSi JrJolad
rom Semodis:

Cveni ifnis tyidan ismis

xmauroba uZos xevis...

icoda, oZelaSvilTa saxelovan modgmas wyneTis mad-

lian miwaSi rom hqonda fesvebi gadgmuli da maTi gvari-
dan gamosul saxalxo gmirsac miseburad moefera. kla-
sikur sisadaves saganTa axleburi Wvreta Seuxama da da-
buruli tyis Semxedvarem iseTi dasamaxsovrebeli saxe
Seqmna, mklavis ZaliTa da samarTlianobiT ganTqmuli vaJ-
kacis garegnobasa da samosels rom Seefereboda. leqsSi
striqonTa mimoxrac sxvanairi, uCveuloa:

CoxaT saqileSi muxebs

CauwyviaT rkoebi,
aq arsenas nabdis gaSlas
grZnoben midamoebi.

„lurja cxenebis“ damwers SeuZlebelia drodadro ar

gaxseneboda didad niWieri raWveli mestviris gulidan
amoRebuli „Sairsityva“, axladulvaSSeRerebul, Teqv-
smeti wlis arsenaze naTqvami: „Sejda Tavis lurja cxenze,
gaaWen-gamoaWena~.
sagangebod aRsaniSni, gasaxaria, rom galaktionis erT-
erTi umTavresi simbolo, poeziis umaRles safexurze
ayvanili „lurja cxeni“ xalxuri warmomavlobisaa da
gamZleobas matebs, muxls umagrebs genialuri poetis
„cxenTa Sejibrebaze“ gamosacdelad gayvanil fafar-
aSlil bedaurebs.
156
 es mcire mimoxilva imisTvis damWirda, amave rkalis leq-
sebidan uZlieress mivdgomodi: „artistuli yvavilebis“
CarCodan da arealidan gasulia, droiTac am sanukvar
wigns didadaa daSorebuli, magram cota ram mainc unda
iTqvas galaktionis gviandel, silaRiT gamorCeul leq-
sze „wamye beTaniisaken“, romelic xangrZlivi da sulis-
SemxuTveli krizisis Semdeg (1947) daiwera. SemTxveviTi ar
unda iyos, im welsvea Seqmnili misi Sedevri „nikorwminda“.
zemoT naxseneb leqsSi iSviaTi ostatobiTaa Serwy-
muli RvTaebrivi sisadave da Tavankara poezia. tonic
samagaliTod uSualoa. STabeWdileba rCeba, rom poeti
sulier megobarsa da uZvirfases mkiTxvels mimarTavs.
kaxur kiloze zomierad moqceuli „wamye“ sxvagvar siT-
bos gamoscems. aq igi Seucvlelia da axloblobis, Sina-
urulobis esoden saWiro intims qmnis, mTeli leqsis
ganwyobilebas udebs sadaves. leqsis mSveniereba rom Se-
vigrZnoT, wina sami strofi mainc unda amoviweroT:

wamye beTaniisaken! iq, sadRaca, axlomaxlo

iyo orbelianebis
da iraklis samosaxlo.

gzaze, sadac cacxvebia da muxnari umetesi,

arsad qveynad ar minaxavs
adgilebi ukeTesi!

adgilebi ase mSveni vardisagan, iisagan...

sanadiro adgilebi...
wamye beTaniisaken!

sruliad SeuZlebelia, rom aq raime literaturuli

gavlena, „wakiTxul wignTa“ kvali davinaxoT, oTaxis Sex-
uTuloba vigrZnoT. yovel striqons erTaderTxel dasa-
xelebuli iis surneli asdis. Cven vxedavT, kriala lurji
cis qveS lurjadve mobibine iis buCqebs, mindvris pawawina,
ulamazes yvavils. vardis xsenebac iasTan, Cvens poetur
157
metyvelebaSi, Cveulebrivia da galaktionic xSirad awy-
vilebs maT. uamravi omis gadamxdeli, saqarTvelosTvis
TavSewiruli mefe galaktionis usayvarlesi gmiri iyo
da amadac iswrafvis, naxos „iraklis samosaxlo“. rogor
ubralod da amaRlebulad aris naTqvami: „arsad qveynad
ar minaxavs adgilebi ukeTesi!“ TviT sariTmo wyvilic
(iisagan – beTaniisaken) Tvisobrivad axali, smenis damat-
kbobeli, uamesad JReradi, keTilxmovania; TviT galak-
tionis virtuozuli riTmebisaganac calke dgas, toli
naklebad moeZebneba.
saqarTvelos ukanaskneli uiRblo mefis giorgi me-
Tormetis Svili, enciklopediuri ganaTlebis swavlu-
li ioane bagrationi Tavis saucxoo, didad sasargeblo
„sabunebismetyvelo ganmartebiT leqsikonSi“, roca ias
yovelmxriv, fesvianad da furcel-furcel axasiaTebda,
am yvavilis samyofelsac sagangebod miuTiTebda: „gaiz-
debis tyeTa Sina Crdilisa adgilsa zeda“. galaktionis
darad iis sauflo da TavSesafari, vaJa-fSavelas gamok-
lebiT, aravin icoda.
isic aRsaniSnia – zemoT moxmobili striqonebi erTi
da igive daJinebuli fraziT iwyeba da mTavrdeba: „wamye
beTaniisaken!“ visac misi gvwams, TvaldaxuWuli unda ven-
doT, wavyveT, saiTkenac „iisferi sityvebis“ mZebneli
poeti gvepatiJeba, ar vinanebT; ara mgonia, Cvenac rom
vipovoT sadme „adgilebi „ukeTesi“. iis damabrmavebeli
silurjis xilvasa da unazesi, gazafxulis macne, Se-
udarebeli surnelebis SesunTqvas amqveynad araferi
jobs.
cdebian isini, romelTac hgoniaT, rom galaktion ta-
biZe ocian wlebSi amoiwura da `zarniSiani wignis~ mere
Rirebuli TiTqmis araferi Seuqmnia. vinac gazafxulis
iebiT gadalurjebuli beTaniisaken ar wahyolia poets da
sizmarTan Sedarebuli nikorwmindis TaRebis simaRle ar
ganucdia, igi bolomde ver SeigrZnobs da Caswvdeba misi
RvTaebrivi lirikis siRrmesa da idumalebas.
158
 damowmebani:

de vrizi 1984: Ad. de Vries. Dictionary of simbols and imagery. Amsterdam-London:

1984.
doiaSvili 2003: doiaSvili T. `artistuli yvavilebis~ prologi~.
galaktionologia, II. Tbilisi: 2003.
kvitaiSvili 2003: kvitaiSvili e. `ocnebis gamosarCleba~. galaktiono-
logia. III. Tbilisi: 2004.
pesoa 2016: Пессоа Ф. Книга непокоя. Москва: 2016.
tabiZe 2016: tabiZe g. Txzulebani TxuTmet tomad, t. II. Tbilisi: 2016.
yubaneiSvili 1937: yubaneiSvili s. vaJa-fSavela. dokumentebi da masa-
lebi. Tbilisi: gamomcemloba `saxelgami~, 1937.
CxeiZe 2012: CxeiZe r. komikosi tragediaSi. Tbilisi: gamomcemloba
`Cveni mwerloba~, 2012.

159
erTi leqsis sivrce

ramaz xalvaSi

„lurja cxenebis“ saxismetyveleba

„lurja cxenebi“ 1915 wels daiwera da pirvelad 1916

wels daistamba Jurnal „cisfer yanwebSi“ (№1) „mTawmi-
ndis mTvaresTan“ erTad. g. leoniZis cnobiT, es leqsebi
qarTvel simbolistTa periodul gamocemaSi galaktionis
nebarTvis gareSe moxvda. amasve adasturebs d. benaSvilic
(benaSvili 1972: 5). magram Tu gaviTvaliswinebT imas, rom
qarTvelma sazogadoebam Jurnalis gamosvlamde icoda
„cisferi yanwebis“ gverdebze am leqsebis dabeWdvis Sesa-
xeb, advilad davrwmundebiT avtoris protestis forma-
lur xasiaTSi. miT ufro, rom g. tabiZe sabolood swored
sazogadoebis guliswyromam da kritikam CamoaSora „cis-
feryanwelTa“ saliteraturo Jurnalsac da jgufsac
(tabiZe 2004: 457).
„lurja cxenebis“ saxismetyvelebis erT-erT sainte-
reso interpretacias Tavad galaktioni gvTavazobs.
1946 wliT daTariRebul mis daumTvrebel CanawerSi
vkiTxulobT:
`1. „lurja cxenebi“ novatoruli leqsia.
2. mas safuZvlad udevs realuri safuZveli.
3. Sinaarsi misi realisturia.
4. forma uaRresad musikaluri, manamde ar arsebuli.
5. igi dawerilia samecniero Temaze. mecnierebaSi
mtkiced dadgenil debulebaze, rom dedamiwis gareSe
arsebobs maradisi, gasxivosnebuli mxare, sadac araa
sicocxle;
6. nislis namqeri – ganaTebuli Camavali mziT da napiri
im samudamo mxarisa.
160
 7. sityva – elvarebda – aq mocemulia hiperbolurad.
8. ar sCanda Senapiri – saubaria religiaze, romelic
adamianebs aparebs, rom sikvdilis, am SemTxvevaSi gar-
dacvalebis Semdeg, arsebobs kidev sxva cxovreba – e. i.
samoTxe.
9. civi mdumareba samudamo mxarisa.
10. miusafari mdumareba, e. i. axsnili, ganmartebuli
mdumareba, winaaRmdeg auxsneli, ganumartebeli, naTeli
mdumarebisa (sikvdili da ara sicocxle).
11. mdumareba da sicive – gayinva – ara sicocxle.
12. simwuxare – samaradiso mxarisa.
13. ucecxloba – cecxli – saxe sicocxlisa, cecxlis
krToma TvalebSi – usicocxlo Tvalebi.
14. kidev simbolo maradisi mxaris” (tabiZe 2004: 17-18).
galaktionis es komentari SeiZleba mivakuTvnoT mis
CanawerTa cikls „sakuTari leqsebis Sesaxeb“, romelSic,
sxvaTa Soris, dawvrilebiT aris ganxiluli „mTawmindis
mTvare“. am leqsis analizi iwyeba erTgvari sayveduriT
literaturaTmcodneebisa da kritikosebis mimarT, rad-
gan maT ver SeZles kvlevis swori gziT warmarTva:
„es leqsi („mTawmindis mTvare“) miuxedavad imisa, rom
Zalian popularulia, sakmarisad Seswavlili ar aris, ro-
gorc erT-erTi gasaRebTagani Cemi Semoqmedebisa. am leq-
sSi usaTuod sCans poeti, romelic Tavis Semoqmedebas uka-
vSirebs mecxramete saukunis poeziis korifeebis Semoq-
medebas, acxadebs ra Tavis Tavs nikoloz baraTaSvilisa
da akaki wereTlis poeziis memkvidreT. aq mTvaris SuqSi
gaxveuli msubuq sizmariviT mosCanan mtkvari da metexi...
aq axalgazrda poetis axlo sZinavs moxuci poetis lands,
akaki wereTlis lands; baraTaSvilsac xom aq uyvarda ob-
lad siaruli; ilia WavWavaZesac, dimitri yifiansac da aq
poeti ambobs: „de, mec movkvde simRerebSi tbis sevdian ge-
dad“ (lirikis koncepcia), oRond vsTqva Tu Ramem sulSi
rogor Caixeda (kavSiri bunebasa da adamianis suls Soris),
Tu sizmarma viT Seisxa cidan camde frTebi (Zala aRmaf-
161
renis, poeziis, romantizmis), da gaSala ocnebaTa lurji
ialqnebi (romantizmi lurjis, cisferi ocnebis). ialqnebi
zRvaze, sulic aRzrdilia am zRvaze, cxovrebis zRvaze,
sicocxlis zRvaze, romelzedac lurji ialqnebis gza mi-
dis, TviT sikvdilis gzac ki araferia masTan SedarebiT,
am sicocxlesTan SedarebiT da TviT sikvdilis gzac ki
vardisferia da ara saSineli (swored igive hanri renies
TqmiT, „moulodneli gancvifreba vardisferisa da Savi
feris Sexvedrisagan“), rom am gzaze (swored vardisfer
gzaze) mgosanTa siTamame, gabeduli xma aris sinamdvileze
ufro meti sinamdvile – hiperboluri, zRapruli, „rom
mefe var da poeti da simReriT vkvdebi“ (tabiZe 1975: 150-
151).
sagulisxmoa, rom „mTawmindis mTvares“ ramdenime mo-
tivi aerTianebs „lurja cxenebTan“ da pirvel rigSi, es
aris kavSiri warsul poetur tradiciasTan, erTgvari
„gavlenis SiSi“ (The Anxiety of Influence), gansakuTrebiT, mi-
si bolo proporcia, romelsac h. blumi, „apofradess“,
anu micvalebulTa dabrunebas uwodebs. gavlenis Teoriis
avtori am termins antikuri literaturidan sesxulobs,
sadac Αο ρά ςημέρ („kvimati dReebi“) gulisxmobs micva-
lebulebisadmi miZRvnil dResaswauls da msxverplTSe-
wirvas. h. blumi apofradess ase ganmartavs: es aris ufro-
si avtoris ukve daTrgunuli gavlenebis dabruneba efe-
bosis – gviani avtoris SemoqmedebaSi, roca micvalebu-
li poetebi brundebian, magram brundebian efebosiseul
samoselSi da misive xmiT laparakoben. revizionizmis
safexurebSi es aris bolo proporcia, romelic gvau-
wyebs, rom daibada axali Zlieri poeti (blumi 1997: 18-19;
tabucaZe 2008: 246).
mkvlevarebi (burWulaZe 1980: 173-178; kankava 1964: 6;
kenWoSvili 1999: 131; kveselava 1977: 62) sxvadasxva teq-
stebTan da personaJebTan avleben „lurja cxenebis“ mxat-
vrul da literaturul paralelebs: platonis dialogi
„fedoni“, antikuri miTologia (pegasi), dantes gerioni
162
(„jojoxeTis“ XVII T.), baironis „kaeni“, goeTes „fausti“,
baraTaSvilis „merani“, aleqsandr blokis „Tormetni“, an-
drei belis „qriste aRsdga“, konstantin balmontis „sami
cxeni“, valeri briusovis „cxeni mwvane“ da sxva. TviT es
faqti „lurja cxenebis“ polifoniur xasiaTze metyvelebs.
gamoTqmulia mosazreba, rom „lurja cxenebis“ semanti-
kas gansazRvravs ara imdenad Txroba, ramdenadac ritmi.
amasTan dakavSirebiT s. sigua wers: „gavixsenoT galak-
tionis „lurja cxenebi“ (1915 w.), romelsac yvela kiTxu-
lobs, romelic yvelas uyvars, Tumca aravin icis – ratom
da risTvis, an – ras gvauwyeben am mistiuri leqsis SeSli-
li striqonebi“ (sigua 2002: 208). marTlac, ras gvauwyeben
„lurja cxenebis“ eqspresiuli striqonebi? nuTu galak-
tionis am leqsis musikalurma bunebam, marTlac, bolomde
daTrguna saTqmeli? magram sruliad sxvagvari inter-
pretaciisken gvibiZgebs Tavad avtori da gvauwyebs, rom
„lurja cxenebs“ safuZvlad udevs `realuri safuZveli“,
rom „misi Sinaarsi realisturia~.
gavyveT avtoriseul interpretacias: „lurja cxene-
bi“ „dawerilia samecniero Temaze. mecnierebaSi mtkiced
dadgenil debulebaze, rom dedamiwis gareSe arsebobs
maradisi, gasxivosnebuli mxare, sadac araa sicocxle”.
galaktionis am komentariT safuZveli ecleba leqsis
erT-erTi mTavari mxatvruli saxis „samudamo mxaris“
ganmartebas bibliur-qristianul „sulTa samyofelad“,
ZvelberZnul hadesad, qarTul SaveTad Tu kolxur oSu-
reTad (sasuleTi). „samudamo mxare“ sikvdilis saufloa,
sadac ar Cans „Senapiri“, e. i. danapirebi, aRTqmuli samo-
Txe, anu, rogorc Tavad avtori ganmartavs, „ar sCanda
Senapiri – saubaria religiaze, romelic adamianebs apa-
rebs, rom sikvdilis, am SemTxvevaSi gardacvalebis Sem-
deg, arsebobs kidev sxva cxovreba – e. i. samoTxe“.
religiur-miTologiuri gaazrebis nacvlad, „samuda-
mo mxare“ avtoriseul recefciaSi astronomiul warmod-
genebs ukavSirdeba, romlebic „lurja cxenebis“ esTe-
163
tikur samyaroSi bibliur-qristianuli angelologiis
adgils ikavebs. mTeli samyaro erT did samares emsgavse-
ba, riTac xorcSesxmulia RmerTis sikvdilis nicSeanuri
idea: „RmerTi mokvda da masTan erTad – misi maginebel-
nic“ (nicSe 1993: 16).
usasrulo da usicocxlo samyaroSi adamianis Tvali
mxolod erT napirs xedavs, romelic galaktions sasik-
vdilod gamzadebul, Camaval mzes agonebs. „samudamo
mxare“ usicocxloa, iq arc nugeSia da arc TanagrZnoba.
misi Semzaravi mdumareba civi da miusafaria, ris war-
modgenac usasoobisa da mwuxarebis gancdas warmoSobs:

rogorc nislis namqeri, Camaval mziT naferi,

elvarebda napiri samudamo mxareSi!
ar Canda Senapiri, ver vnaxe veraferi,
civ da miusafari mdumarebis gareSe.
mdumarebis gareSe da sicivis TareSSi
samudamo mxareSi mxolod simwuxarea!

leqsis lirikuli gmiri „samudamo mxares“ sikvdilis

gziT uerTdeba. mis daSretil TvalebSi ar krTis si-
cocxlis cecxli da arc mis „suls uxaria“, radgan ver
ipova „Senapiri“ saukuno Sveba:

cecxli ar krTis TvalebSi, wevxar civ samareSi,

wevxar civ samareSi da arc suls uxaria.

sikvdili mefobs miwazec. misi tradiciuli simbolo

(ConCxi) leqsSi mravlobiTi xdeba. „ConCxiani tyeebis“
metaforiT avtori migvaniSnebs, rom TiToeuli adamiani
sxeuliT daatarebs momavali sikvdilis xatebas. adami-
anTa „SeSlili saxeebi“ aryofnis winaSe eqsistenciur SiSs
gamoxataven:

SeSlili saxeebis ConCxiani tyeebiT

usuldgmulo dReebi rbian, miiCqarian!
164
 am metaforis eskizs vxvdebiT galaktionis leqsSi
„uxilavs“ (1912 w.), romelic rusi marinistis ivane aiva-
zovskis naxatiTaa STagonebuli:

mze dasavliT iRvelfeba, Ramis bindi xlarTavs Cadrebs,

lurj cis fskerze sxivi kvdeba, salams aZlevs ConCxebs
da mkvdrebs.

„ConCxiani tyeebis“ mwyobri metaforis Camoyalibeba-

ze zegavlena mouxdenia, aseve, rusi simbolistis valeri
briusovis „sam kerps“ (1913 w.), romelic ritmiT da simbo-
likiT sxva mxrivac enaTesaveba „lurja cxenebs“:

В этом мутном городе туманов,

В этой тусклой безрассветной мгле,
Где строенья, станом великанов,
Разместились тесно по земле…

Исступленно скачет Всадник Медный;

Непоспешно едет конь другой;
И сурово, с мощностью наследной,
Третий конник стынет над толпой, –

Три кумира в городе туманов,

Три владыки в безрассветной мгле,
Где строенья, станом великанов,
Разместились тесно по земле.

briusovis es leqsi istoriul motivebzea agebuli.

„sami kerpis“ scena peterburgia, cxenze amxedrebuli im-
peratorebis (petre pirvelis, nikoloz pirvelisa da ale-
qsandre mesamis) qandakebebiT. misgan gansxvavebiT, „lur-
ja cxenebis“ dinamiuri da ganzogadebuli saxe-simboloe-
bi scildeba viwro istoriul-geografiul qronotoposs.
„lurja cxenebis“ mTavari saxe-simbolo saTaurSivea
mocemuli. sityva „lurja“, romelsac qarTul folklor-
165
sa da literaturaSi ramdenadme gansxvavebuli mniSv-
nelobiT cocxlobda, meored iSva galaktionis poeziaSi.
modernistulma garemom da „lurja cxenebis“ parateqs-
tma es sityva (Tavdapirveli mniSvnelobiT – molurjo
ruxi feris cxeni) imTaviTve epiTetad gadaaqcia da se-
mantikiT lurjsa da cisfers gauTanabra. es orive feri
ki, rogorc a. xinTibiZe wers, galaktions romantikuli
poeziis arsenalidan aqvs aRebuli (xinTibiZe 1992: 126).
rusul TargmanebSi „lurjas“ Sesatyvisi cisferia:
Синие кони (Sdr.: d. reifildiseuli Targmanis Blue-Grey
horses). ferweruli asociaciebic swored am niSniTaa na-
karnaxevi. magaliTad, r. siraZis azriT, „lurja cxene-
bi“ exmianeba vasili kandinskisa da franc markis mier 1911
wels miunxenSi daarsebuli almanaxis – „lurji mxedris“
saerTo mimarTulebas (siraZe 2002: 78–83). i. kenWoSvili
ki miiCnevs, rom „lurja cxenebis“ ferweruli analogia
modernis stilis (ar nuvos) warmomadgenlis uolter
kreinis (1845-1915) suraTi „neptunis cxenebia“, romelSic
„zRvis talRebidan dabadebuli lurja cxenebi napiri-
saken moqrian“ (kenWoSvili 1999: 92).
Tavad galaktioni „lurja cxenebis“ interteqstis Se-
saxeb saubrisas qarTul poetur tradiciaze miuTiTebda:
„ori merania: merani avTandilis da merani baraTaSvi-
lis, isini sxvadasxvagvarni arian, saWiro iyo maTi Seer-
Teba. da es me movaxerxe. Cemi merani SeTavsebaa am ori
sxvadasxvaobis: rusTavelis riTmis dacva (galaktionis
TqmiT, n. baraTaSvilma, iseve rogorc gr. orbelianma,
anton kaTalikosis `poetikis~ zegavleniT, uari Tqva
rusTavelis „Seudarebel musikalur“ riTmaze – r. x.),
baraTaSvilis ritmis gamoyeneba, azris gaRrmaveba, – ai,
„lurja cxenebi“ (tabiZe 1975: 141–142).
„meranisagan“ gansxvavebiT, „lurja cxenebSi“ Tavidan-
ve „waSlilia“ gansxvaveba winaparTa saflavebsa da ucxo
samares Soris, „bedis samZRvris“ erTjeradi gadalaxva
Secvlilia lurja cxenebis usasrulo da ganmeorebadi
166
trialiT, unikaluri merani – mravlobiTi cxenebiT (SaTi-
riSvili 2004: 181). baraTaSvilis „Tavganwiruli mxedris“
arqetipi tarielis saSvelad mimavali avTandilia, ga-
laktionis lirikuli gmiri ki sikvdilis saufloSia ga-
dasuli – „civ samareSi“ wevs, sicocxlisaken iltvis da
ukvdavebas eswrafvis. amis mauwyebelia lurja cxenebis
daucxromeli rbola. ase, rom „lurja cxenebi“ swored
im wertilidan iwyeba, sadac „Tavganwiruli mxedari“ am-
Tavrebs Tavis gzas. amgvaria galaktionis tesera n. bara-
TaSvilis „meranTan“:

sizmarian CvenebiT – Cemi lurja cxenebiT

CemTan moesvenebiT! yvelani aq arian!

„lurja cxenebis“ „yvelani“, „mTawmindis mTvaris“ „aC-

rdilTa“ msgavsad, gardacvlil poetebs gulisxmobs. asea
gamoxatuli galaktionis Semoqmedebis kavSiri warsul
poetur tradiciasTan. lurja cxenebi etlebiT (Sdr.:
„aq mkvdrebi dahqrian zRapruli raSebiT da bedis etle-
biT“, „domino“, 1916) moasveneben poetTa aCrdilebs. dgeba
apofradesis Jami da micvalebulebi sizmarian Cvenebad
ecxadebian leqsis lirikul gmirs.
„Ramis“, „saflavebisa“ da „sizmris“ invariantuli mo-
tivebi gvibiZgeben, rom „yvelaSi“ upirvelesad qarTveli
poetebi vigulisxmoT, maT Soris akaki da vaJa, romlebic
„lurja cxenebis“ daweris dros ukve gardacvlili arian
(akaki gardaicvala 1915 wlis 26 ianvars, vaJa – imave wlis
27 ivliss):

mgosnebo, SeRamda da Zvirfas saflavebs,

panTeons miveciT Zvirfasi sameba:
ilias cremlebi, akakis xanjali
da vaJas gardasul dReebze wameba...
SeRamda. me waval iq, sadac sizmrebi
wignebSi dardoben momxiblvel TvalebiT.
(„dro“, 1915)
167
 niSandoblivia, rom amave leqsis („dros“) erT-erT
variantSi avtori ixsenebs n. baraTaSvilis „merans“:

meraniT gafrena dRes arvis SeSvenis.

sxvagan galaktioni baraTaSvilis merans „zarmac cxens“

uwodebs (sigua 2002: 309), galaktionis cxenebi ki „Cqa-
ri grgvinva-grialiT hqrian“. „lurja cxenebis“ Sinagan
logikas amgvarad mivyavarT leqsTa da cxenTa Sejibrebis
cnobil motivamde, romelsac jer kidev antikuri xanis
mwerlebTan vxvdebiT. galaktioni am SejibrebaSi Tavisi
„lurja cxenebiT“ erTveba, romelic misi poeziis emblema
da poeturi „kodia“ (kankava 1964: 8–9).
„vefxistyaosnis“ („viTa cxensa Sara grZeli...“) Semdeg
„cxenTa Sejibrebis“ motivi Tavs iCens qarTuli poeziis
ganviTarebis yvela axal etapze (xalvaSi 2002: 140–149).
mamuka baraTaSvilis „jimSedianSi“ poetTa marulas
rusTaveli meTaurobs:

SoTa zis unes, mxedari igi keTilad wvrTilebsa,

ebaZnen, dasxdnen mravalni TvisTvissa daxednilebsa;

amave Temas Cveuli TviTironiiT Seexmiana daviT

guramiSvili:

mec mreven meranT jogSigan, Tu SevsZel gajagjageba;

swored am konteqstSia gansaxilveli galaktionis

„lurja cxenebi“:

Cqari grgvinva-grialiT hqrian lurja cxenebi!

„cxenTa Sejibrebis“ motivs galaktioni Tavis „efeme-

raSi“ ajamebs, sadac pirdapir migvaniSnebs, rom lurja
cxenebis saxe-simboloSi igi Tavis leqsebs gulisxmobs:

o, ramdeni dacxreba Suriani Tvalebi,

rom marad imarjveben idumali SvenebiT
168
 leqsTa Sejibrebaze mxolod intervalebi,
cxenTa Sejibrebaze isev lurja cxenebi!.

galaktioni am sityvebiT mxatvrulad afiqsirebs „lur-

ja cxenebis“ (da, saerTod, Tavisi Semoqmedebis) warmate-
bas, triumfalur svlas qarTul poeziaSi da Tavis Taname-
drove poetTa damokidebulebas am leqsisadmi (saerTod,
Tavisi Semoqmedebisadmi). „vwuxvar, erTaderTi var“, –
swored am poetebis gasagonad ambobda galaktioni, rad-
gan araerTi maTgani cdilobda misTvis metoqeoba gaewia:
paolo iaSvilma am mizniT „wiTeli xari“ airCia „gamwev Za-
lad“, tician tabiZem – „cxeni angelosiT“, alio mircxu-
lavam – „elvis raSebi“, xolo terenti granelma ramdenime
leqsi dawera „lurja cxenebis“ metriTa da riTmiT (mar-
siani 2004: 90).
„lurja cxenebis“ meoTxe strofSi sikvdiliT moniWe-
buli Sveba n. baraTaSvilis poetur xatebas amoativti-
vebs. sikvdiliT sruldeba „lurja cxenebis“ lirikuli
gmiris amqveyniuri tanjva – „vneba–wameba“, gardacvale-
biT mTavrdeba misi cremliani cxovreba da niSandobli-
via, rom swored aq iCens Tavs baraTaSvilis poeziasTan
dialogi (kenWoSvili 1999: 158), Tanac negatiur (ar mena-
neba / ar inameba / gaqra vneba-wameba) konteqstSi:

iCqarian wamebi, me ki ar menaneba:

cremliT ar inameba samudamo baliSi;
gaqra vneba-wameba, rogorc Ramis zmaneba,
viT sulis xmovaneba locvis simxurvaleSi.

Sdr.:
aq lbils mdeloze sanugeSod viname cremliT.
(„fiqrni mtkvris piras“)

ginaxavT suli, jereT umanko, mxurvale locviT

miqancebuli.
(„SemoRameba mTawmindazed“)
169
 „lurja cxenebis“ teqstualur qsovils ar/ver fone-
tikuri jgufi faravs. negatiuri bgerwera leqsSi map-
roducirebeli tropis rols akisrebs sityva „araras“
(SaTiriSvili 2004: 97–98), negatiuri bgerwerisa da apo-
fatikuri gansazRvrebebis fonze mTeli Tavisi sidiadiT
warmoCndeba galaktioni, rogorc poeti da Semoqmedi.
lurja cxenebis rbola „cecxlis xetialTan“ da „bedis
trialTanaa“ Sedarebuli. „civ da miusafar“ sikvdilis
saufloSi cxenebi cecxlis stiqiasaviT Cndebian da „be-
dis samZRvaris“ Caketili wre irRveva:

viT cecxlis xetiali, rogorc bedis triali,

Cqari grgvinva-grialiT hqrian lurja cxenebi!

aq ar SeiZleba ar gavixsenoT galaktionis leqsebi

„Semoqmedeba“ (1909 w.) da „wuTi“ (1910 w.), romlebSic
avtori SemoqmedebiTi aqtis dros bedis damorCilebaze
saubrobs:

moxdeba xolme, ca mizidavs ganusazRvreli,

varskvlavTa Soris, sxivTa tbaSi ara myavs toli.
vbrZaneb: tyis SqerSi gaCumdeba niavi neli.
vityvi da TrTolad gadiqceva verxvis foToli.
mze CemTvis brwyinavs da mefe var yovlismoqmedi...
Cems xelSi aris maSin Cemi mZvinvare bedi.
(„Semoqmedeba“)

maviwydeba am dros RmerTi, wuTs vumoneb gulis

Zgeras,
radgan RmerTi CemSivea da meve vqmni bedisweras.
(„wuTi“)

„lurja cxenebisa“ da adrindeli leqsebis mxatvrul

Sinaarss amjeradac „efemera“ agrZelebs. masSi galakti-
oni RmerTs iseTive „did saidumlos“ uwodebs, rogoric
TviTonaa:
170
 win! im usazRvrobaSi mwuxarebas aitan.
Cemebr did saidumlos me iq mivesalmebi.

„lurja cxenebis“ mexuTe strofSi avtori ubrundeba

samarisa da sikvdilis motivebs, raTa ufro TvalSisacemi
gaxdes kontrasti, erTi mxriv, Semoqmedebis, poeziis ukv-
dav bunebasa da, meore mxriv, xsovnis da saRvTo saSveb-
lis ararsebobas Soris. isev amotivtivdeba „mesaflavis“
(1912 w.) nacnobi motivebi: adamianTa Soris qreba xsovna:
saflavze „yvavilni ar arian“ (Sdr., „mesaflave“: `raRad
undaT, rad sWiriaT Tqvens saflavebs vard-yvavili? / an
ras gargebT mokvdav kacTa samudamo cremlTa frqveva?~);
sikvdilis Semdgomi, aRTqmuli netareba – „Sveba-sizmari“
ki ar arsebobs:

yvavilni ar arian, arc Sveba-sizmaria!

axla ki samarea Seni gansasvenebi!

leqsis meeqvse strofSi avtors Semoaqvs apokalifsuri

saxe-simboloebi, rasac TvalSisacems xdis „ioanes ga-
mocxadebis“ perifrazi:
„vixile ca gaxsnili, da TeTri cxeni da misi mxedari
iwodeba erTgulad da WeSmaritad, da simarTliT gani-
kiTxavs da ibrZvis. misi Tvalebi cecxlis als hgavda (Sdr.:
„cecxli ar krTis TvalebSi“), mas Tavze mravali jiRa
edga da zed ewera saxeli, romelic mis metma aravin icis”
(gamocx. 19.11-12).
Sdr.:
romeli scnobs Sens saxes, an vin ityvis, Sens saxels?
vin gaigebs Sens Zaxils, Zaxils vin daijerebs.

variantebSia:

vin gaigebs Sens saxels, saxels vin daijerebs.

galaktionis apokalifsur xilvebs Tanamedrove is-

toriuli qartexilebi ubamda mxars. pirveli msoflio
171
omis dawyebisTanave wers igi leqs „gubes“ (1914 w.), sadac
acxadebs:
apokalifsis gadaimsxvra kldeebze cxeni...
gamoiRviZeT! Surisgeba aryevs niobas –
gadairRveva napirebi... da gadalekavs
Zvels, exla mainc daRupvis Rirss kacobriobas..

amave Tematikas agrZelebs 1915 wels dawerili usaTa-

uro leqsi („***geZebdi yvelgan“) da niSandoblivia, rom
am leqsSic, gansakuTrebiT, mis variantebSi, SeiniSneba
„ioanes gamocxadebis“ reminiscenciebi:

sanatrelia mZime taxtebi, raa imisTvis cecxlis gaCena,

lurja ocnebis sami mxedari vinc qaosebSi SemoaWena.

bolo ori taepi avtografebSi sami variantiT gvxvdeba:

amomaval mzis sami mxedari...

apokalifsis mZafri mxedari vinc qaosebSi SemoaWena;
vin gaacofa lurja cxenebi vin qaosebze gadaaWena. C.

bolo kiTxvasxvaobebi TvalnaTliv gvidastureben, rom

lurja cxenebis saxe-simbolo warmomavlobiT „ioanes ga-
mocxadebis“ interteqsts ukavSirdeba. magram ar unda
dagvaviwydes, rom galaktionTan apokalifsuri saxeebi
da simboloebi RmerTs ki ar miesadageba, aramed „lurja
cxenebis“ lirikul gmirs, romelic „Camavali mziT nafer“
poeziis samyaros moevlina, rogorc „apokalifsis mZaf-
ri mxedari“ da „axali RmerTi“ (Sdr.: „exla yvelafers...
yvelafers vqmni axali RmerTi“).
demiTologizirebuli apokalifsuri simboloebia
mocemuli „lurja cxenebis~ meeqvse strofis bolo
taepebSic:

veravin ganugeSebs saocrebis ubeSi,

sZinavT bnel xveulebSi gamoucnob qimerebs!
172
 qimerebis Sinaarsi naTelia. am sityvas galaktioni ses-
xulobs zogadsimbolisturi sakvanZo sityvebis salaro-
dan. rogorc i. kenWoSvili aRniSnavs, „axal poeziaSi“ qi-
meras gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba hqonda mopovebuli.
amis dasturia nervalis „qimerebi~, poloneli modernis-
tebis Jurnali „qimera“, misi qarTuli analogi – Jurnali
„faskunji“ da qarTuli poeziisa da xelovnebis urTierT-
daaxloebis Taviseburi gamovlineba – „qimerioni“ (ken-
WoSvili 1999: 158).
magram ras unda aRniSnavdes „saocrebis ube“? mkvle-
varTa nawili am metaforas „saocnebo ubesTan“ aigivebs,
rac, Cveni azriT, dauSvebelia, radgan warmoudgenelia
saocnebo ubeSi adamiani unugeSobas grZnobdes.
sityva „saocrebas“ galaktioni arqauli mniSvnelo-
biT iyenebs, ris gaTvaliswinebac saSualebas gvaZlevs
CavwvdeT „saocrebis ubis“ metaforul gaazrebas. saqme
is aris, rom „saswauli“ da „saocreba“ Zvel qarTul enasa
da saeklesio literaturaSi or, erTmaneTisgan sruli-
ad gansxvavebul movlenas aRniSnavda. „saswauli“ momdi-
nareobda RvTisgan, xolo „saocreba“ (// „saucreba“) ukav-
Sirdeboda eSmaks:
„kurTxeul ars ufali RmerTi israჱlisaჲ, romelman
yvis saswauli mxoloman“ (fsal. 71.18).
„ჴeliTa mociqulTaჲTa iqmneboda saswaulebi da niSe-
bi“ (saqme 5.12).
„eseviTarTa saswaulTa iqmoda qriste ჴeliTa netarisa
grigolisiTa“ (`grigol xanZTelis cxovreba~).
Sdr.:
„saocrebasa mas kerpisasa ganicdida“ („ninos cxovreba“);
„eSmaki... didsa saucrebasa cxadad da farulad hyofda“
(„grigol xanZTelis cxovreba“);
„gamouCnda saocari saxiTa sazarelisa guelisaჲTa“
(„axalni saswaulni wm. giorgisni“).
amgvarad, „saswauli“ da „saocreba“ iseve arian gamij-
nulni erTmaneTisgan, rogorc rusuli чудо da чудовище.
173
swored es aris arsebiTi galaktioniseul „saocrebis
ubeSi“. poeti aq gulisxmobs gveleSapis, drakonis, Zvel-
qarTuli „saocaris“, „saocrebis“ da rusuli чудовище-s
sazarel ubes, riTac es metafora mniSvnelobiT uax-
lovdeba „qimeras“– samTavian urCxuls, lomis Tavmker-
diT, gvelis kudiT da Txis taniT. niSandoblivia, rom
sityva „saocrebas“ analogiuri mniSvnelobiT iyenebs v. gaf-
rindaSvili leqsSi „mamia gurieli“:

dawyevlil poets moevlina brwyinvale Wleqi

da is gadasca saocrebis keTrovan xelebs.
(gafrindaSvili 1990: 54).

rac Seexeba galaktionis „saocrebis ubes“, „lurja

cxenebis“ aRniSnul strofSi apokalifsuri mxedris
interteqsti (Sdr.: gamocx. 19) migvaniSnebs, rom avto-
ri emijneba da upirispirdeba simaxinjis simbolistur
kults, „saocrebebisa“ da „qimerebis“ poezias:

romeli scnobs Sens saxes, an vin ityvis, Sens saxels?

vin gaigebs Sens Zaxils, Zaxils vin daijerebs?
veravin ganugeSebs saocrebis ubeSi,
sZinavT bnel xveulebSi gamoucnob qimerebs!

„samudamo mxare“ am strofSi warmogvidgeba, rogorc

urCxulis, „saocrebis ube“, sadac qreba yovelgvari
nugeSi. sikvdilis sauflos „bnel xveulebSi“ mZinare
„gamoucnobi qimerebic“ mxolod uimedobas aRZraven.
esqatologiuri simbolikiT datvirTuli esTetikuri
brZola Tavis piks aRwevs da bibliuri interteqstis
kvalad, leqsis momdevno strofi iwyeba triumfaluri
„SuqTa kamariT“, romelic metaforulad galaktionis
poetur sityvaSi elvarebs:

mxolod SuqTa kamara veraferma dafara:

mSral ricxvebis amara udabnoSi Reldeba!
174
 gamoTqma `ricxvebis amara~ baraTaSviliseuli riTmis
aluziaa (i. kenWoSvili): „mxolod SuqTa kamara... mSral
ricxvebis amara“, Sdr.: „...bindi gadekra cisa kamaras, ... var-
skvlavi marto misa amaras!“ („SemoRameba mTawmindazed“).
„mSral ricxvebs“ neoplatonuri ideebis samyaroSi ga-
davyavarT. „ricxvebis amara“ SeiZleba gavigoT, rogorc
„mxolod mSrali ricxvebis mqone“, riTac galaktioni
migvaniSnebs Tavisi versifikaciis srulyofilebaze
(Sdr.: „aravin ruseTSi ise ar icis leqsis magia da al-
gebra, rogorc v. briusovma“ – t. tabiZe). poeti Tavadve
miuTiTebda, rom „lurja cxenebis“ forma „uaRresad
musikaluri, manamde ar arsebulia“.
niSandoblivia, rom „efemeraSi“ „mSrali ricxvebis“ me-
tafora „intervalebad“ gardaiqmneba:

leqsTa Sejibrebaze mxolod intervalebi.

galaktionis poeturi qnaris RvTaebrivi musika gaismis

amqveyniuri „udabnos“ siCumeSi:

mSral ricxvebis amara udabnoSi Reldeba!

Sdr.: CemTvis martoden udabnoa mTeli qveyana...

CemTvis martoden udabnoa Cemi samSoblo.
(„udabno“, 1914 w.)

Cems samSobloSi me movvle mxolod

udabno lurjad naxaverdebi.
(„Tovli“, 1916 w.)

„lurja cxenebis“ bolo or strofSi galaktioni „savse-

biT misawvdomi mxatvrulad hipertrofirebuli saxe-sim-
boloebiT laparakobs poeziis ukvdav bunebaze“ (kankava
1964: 9). galaktionis poeziis waruvali „SuqTa kamaris“
winaSe uZluria sikvdili. maradiuli mxolod lurja cxe-
nebis rbolaa. maTi simaRlidan usuldgmulo dReebis mdi-
175
nareba aRar moCans, „SeSlili saxeebis ConCxian tyeebTan“
erTad qreba da qvesknelSi iZireba:

SeSlili saxeebis ConCxiani tyeebiT

usuldgmulo dReebi Cndeba da qveskneldeba.

„lurja cxenebis“ lirikuli gmiris sicocxlec da

sikvdilic („zeviT Tu samareSi“) simbolisturi poeziis
iseTi niSniTaa aRbeWdili, rogoricaa „wyevliT SeCven-
eba“. amiT galaktioni pol verlenis „dawyevlili poe-
tebis“ Temas exmianeba.
leqsis finalur strofSi samared qceuli kosmosis
saxe-simbolo transformacias ganicdis, nislis TareSi
ukve lurja cxenebis qrolas imeorebs da galaktionis
poeziis kosmiuri musika „mxolod“ misTvis gankuT-
vnil sarbielze – „samudamo mxareSi“ mkvidrdeba, ro-
gorc sicocxlis sikvdilze gamarjvebis maradiuli
dResaswauli:

mxolod nislis TareSSi, samudamo mxareSi,

zeviT Tu samareSi, wyevliT SenaCvenebi,
rogorc zRvis xetiali, rogorc bedis triali,
Cqari grgvinva-grialiT hqrian lurja cxenebi!

amgvari interteqstis gaTvaliswinebiT, aRar aris

gasakviri, rom „efemeraSi“ galaktioni apokalifsuri
„Zvirfasi TvlebiT mopirkeTebuli axali ierusalimis“
(gamocx. 21.10,11,19-21) analogiiT qmnis „axali lalis
karTagenebis“ mravlobiT metaforas. leqsis lirikuli
gmiris gza ki „zecaze weria“, riTac Cndeba herasadmi
miZRvnili cnobili berZnuli miTis aluzia, nakarnaxevi
sityva galaqtikis (berZn. „rZis gza“) galaktionis sa-
xelTan naTesaobiT:

vwuxvar: erTaderTi var da zecaze sweria

Cemi gza da axali lalis karTagenebi.
176
 savaraudod, galaktions winaswar unda scodnoda „cis-
fer yanwebSi“ misi leqsebis dabeWdvis Taobaze. metic,
Cveni azriT, „mTawmindis mTvaresa“ da „lurja cxenebze“
arCevani swored avtors unda SeeCerebina, radgan orive
leqss aerTianebs poeturi Sejibrebis Tema da am Sejibre-
baSi gamarjvebulad galaktioni Tavis Tavs acxadebs.

damowmebani:

baraTaSvili 1969: baraTaSvili m. TxzulebaTa sruli krebuli. Tbili-

si: gamomcemloba `mecniereba~, 1969.
baraTaSvili 1968: baraTaSvili n. Txzulebani. p. ingoroyvas gamocema.
Tbilisi: gamomcemloba `sabWoTa saqarTvelo~, 1968.
benaSvili 1972: benaSvili d. galaktion tabiZe. Tbilisi: gamomcemloba
`ganaTleba~, 1972.
blumi 1997: Bloom H. The Anxiety of Influence. New York: Oxford University Press.
1997.
briusovi 1955: Брюсов, В. Избранные сочинения. В двух томах. Т. I. Москва:
1955.
burWulaZe 1980: burWulaZe r. mxolod integralebi. Tbilisi: gamom-
cemloba `merani~, 1980.
gafrindaSvili 1990: gafrindaSvili v. leqsebi, poema, Targmanebi, es-
seebi, werilebi, mwerlis arqividan. Tbilisi: gamomcemloba `merani~,
1990.
guramiSvili 1955: guramiSvili d. daviTiani. Tbilisi: gamomcemloba
`saxelgami~, 1955.
kankava 1964: kankava g. literaturuli etiudebi. Tbilisi: gamomcem-
loba `litratura da xelovneba~, 1964.
kenWoSvili 1999: kenWoSvili i. galaktion tabiZis samyaroSi. Tbilisi:
1999.
kveselava 1977: kveselava m. poeturi integralebi. Tbilisi: gamomcem-
loba `sabWoTa saqarTvelo~, 1977.
marsiani 2004: marsiani. `galaktioni~. galaktionologia, III. Tbilisi:
2004.
nicSe 1993: nicSe fr. ese ityoda zaratustra. Tbilisi: 1993.
177
 sigua 2002: sigua s. qarTuli modernizmi. Tbilisi: gamomcemloba
`didostati~, 2002.
siraZe 2002: siraZe r. galaktionis `lurja cxenebi~ da vasil kandin-
skis `lurji mxedari~. Jurn. `omega~, 2002, №2.
tabiZe 1966: tabiZe g. Txzulebani 12 tomad, t. I. Tbilisi: gamomcemloba
`sabWoTa saqarTvelo~, 1966.
tabiZe 1975: tabiZe g. Txzulebani 12 tomad, t. XII. Tbilisi: gamomcem-
loba `sabWoTa saqarTvelo~, 1975.
tabiZe 2004: tabiZe g. `fragmentebi~. galaktionologia, III. Tbilisi:
2004.
tabucaZe 2008: tabucaZe s. `gavlenis Teoria~. literaturis Teoria,
XX saukunis ZiriTadi meTodologiuri koncefciebi da mimdinareobe-
bi. Tbilisi: 2008.
SaTiriSvili 2004: SaTiriSvili z. galaktionis poetika da ritorika.
Tbilisi: gamomcemloba `logos presi~, 2004.
xalvaSi 2002: xalvaSi r. „cxenTa Sejibrebis“ interteqsti qarTul poe-
ziaSi. baTumis saxelmwifo universitetis Sromebi, IV (humanitarul
mecnierebaTa seria). 2002 .
xinTibiZe 1992: xinTibiZe ak. galaktioni Tu cisferyanwelebi. Tbili-
si: gamomcemloba `gulani~, 1992.

178
Tamar lomiZe

`merani~ da `lurja cxenebi~

ama Tu im poeturi nawarmoebis analizisas xSirad

mimarTaven msgavsi an identuri leqsikuri erTeulebisa
da motivebis Ziebas saanalizo teqstsa da ufro adre
Seqmnil teqstebSi. Semdgom, am teqstebis zedapiruli
msgavsebis safuZvelze, gamoaqvT daskvna maTi naTesa-
obis an interteqstualuri kavSirebis Sesaxeb. CvenSi
`analizis~ am xerxs iyenebdnen gacilebiT ufro adre,
vidre i. kristevas mier SemuSavebuli interteqstualobis
cneba literaturaTmcodneobiTi analizis popularul
instrumentad iqceoda. magaliTad, `meranis~ analizi,
rogorc wesi, efuZneba tipologiur msgavsebaTa Ziebas
am poetur teqstsa da sruliad gansxvavebul epoqaTa
literaturul qmnilebebs – rusTvelis `vefxistya-
osans~, CaxruxaZis `Tamarians~, mickeviCis `fariss~, vax-
tang meeqvsis, daviT guramiSvilis, grigol orbelianis
nawarmoebebs, baironis, leopardis, lermontovis poezi-
as, agreTve – folklorul teqstebs Soris.1 s. Ciqovanma
marTebulad SeniSna, rom `meranis~ amgvari analizis
mcdelobebi arafris momcemia, radgan cxenosani raindis
mier bedTan Widili da winaaRmdegobaTa daZleva moaru-
li suraTia msoflio poeziaSi~ (Ciqovani 1963: 132).
winamdebare statiaSi, nik. baraTaSvilis `meranisa~
da g. tabiZis `lurja cxenebis~ SedarebiTi analizisas,
reducirebulia yvelaferi, rac am teqstebis sazRvrebs
gareT Zevs – ideologia, filosofia, fsiqologia, av-
torTa (am SemTxvevaSi, gasagebi mizezebis gamo – mxolod
galaktionis) Sexedulebebi TavianTi nawarmoebebis Se-
saxeb, leqsikur doneze dadasturebuli damTxvevebi.
SevecdebiT, gavaanalizoT es ori poeturi teqsti ise,
rogorc amas moiTxovs aw usamarTlod daviwyebuli `er-
179
Ti leqsis (am SemTxvevaSi – ori leqsis, rac viTarebas ar
cvlis) analizis~ principebi.
Sesabamisad, SevecadeT gagverkvia, ramdenad Tanxvde-
ba erTmaneTs nik. baraTaSvilisa da galaktionis mxat-
vruli azrovneba da msoflaRqma maT zemodasaxelebul
poetur teqstebSi. Tavs iCens Tu ara `lurja cxenebSi~
metonimiuroba, anu vlindeba Tu ara masSi semantikuri
universumis binaruloba, warmodgenilia Tu ara samyaros
danawevrebuli xati, romelic damaxasiaTebelia `meranSi~
xorcSesxmuli specifikuri mxatvruli koncefciisTvis?
`meranSi~ sivrce da dro danawevrebulia, binaruli
principiTaa asaxuli. kerZod, im strofebSi, sadac merani
moixsenieba, ZiriTadia `aq, axla~ pozicia, anu konkretu-
li, `bedis samZRvriT~ Semofargluli yofiereba. mxedrisa
da mernis saxeebi `axla~ jer kidev erTiania, Tumca moma-
vali – `iq, Semdgom~ – cnobilia: mxedris Tavisufleba da
martoobaSi sikvdili. leqsis sivrce – esaa, ZiriTadad,
`aq~ – sivrce, romelic Semofarglulia `bedis samZRvriT~.
binarulia leqsis centraluri saxec. leqsis mxatvru-
li koncefciis mixedviT, merans aqtiuri da warmmarTveli
roli miekuTvneba, mxedari ki SedarebiT pasiuria, raoden
paradoqsuladac unda gveCvenos aseTi Sexeduleba. leq-
sis pirvelsave taepSi vlindeba, rom mxedari, faqtobri-
vad, mernis qmedebis obieqtia:

mirbis, mimafrens ugzo-ukvlod Cemi merani...

da es `ugzo-ukvlod~ iseT STabeWdilebas warmoq-

mnis, TiTqos mxedrisTvis ucnobia meranis rbolis sa-
boloo mizani. mxedris aqtiurobis iluzias gviqmnis misi
mowodebebi:

gaswi, merano, Sens Wenebas ar aqvs samZRvari,

da niavs miec fiqri Cemi, Savad mRelvari!

180
 sainteresoa, rom samZRvarsaqeTa sivrcis dasaxasi-
aTeblad moxmobil mravalferovan saxeebsa da warmod-
genebs samZRvarsmiRma yofierebis aRwerisas enacvleba
sakmaod mwiri da erTmniSvnelovani suraTebi. rac
yvelaze arsebiTia, lirikuli gmiris momavali da sam-
ZRvarsmiRma sivrce warmoCndeba ara damoukideblad, ara-
med – negaciuri daxasiaTebis meSveobiT, rogorc `ara-
awmyo~, `ara-mamuli~:

nu davimarxo Cemsa mamulSi, CemTa winaparT saflavebs

Soris;
nu damitiros satrfom gulisa, nuRa dameces cremli
mwuxaris, –
Savi yorani gamiTxris saflavs mdeloTa Soris tialis
mindvris, –
da qarisSxali ZvalTa STenilTa zariT, RrialiT miwas
momayris!
satrfos cremlis wil mkvdarsa oxersa damecemian
ciurni cvarni,
CemTa naTesavT glovisa nacvlad mivalaleben svavni
myivarni!

ambivalenturobis, araerTmniSvnelovnebis gamoxatu-

lebaa `meranis~ is strofic, sadac mxedari sakuTar tra-
gikul Zalisxmevas `moZmeze zrunvad~ miiCnevs:

cudad xom mainc ara Caivlis es ganwirulis sulis kveTeba,

da gza uvali, Sengan Telili, merano Cemo, mainc darCeba;
da Cems Semdgomad moZmesa Cemsa siZnele gzisa gauadvildes
da Seupovrad mas hune Tvisi Savis bedis win gamouqroldes!

leqsis (romelic ukiduresi individualizmis sulis-

kveTebiTaa gamsWvaluli) lirikuli gmiri tovebs `moZ-
meebs~, – miiswrafvis `bedis samZRvrisken~ da martoobis-
ken, magram, sruliad moulodnelad, vlindeba, rom am
181
swrafvis erT-erTi mizania `moZmisTvis~ `gzis siZnelis
gaadvileba~. amgvarad, ori mizani – individualistu-
ri da altruistuli – nawarmoebSi erTdrouladaa
deklarirebuli.
amgvarad, `meranis~ centraluri saxe monoliTuricaa
(merani da mxedari, rogorc erTiani xati) da, amasTan, bi-
narulic (ix. amis Sesaxeb lomiZe 2014), rac sxeulis gro-
teskuli xatidan momdinareobs an, yovel SemTxvevaSi, misi
romantikuli saxesxvaobaa, radgan groteskuli sxeuli –
esaa „marad aramza, marad qmnadi da mqmneli sxeuli... ori
sxeuli erTSi~ (baxtini 1990: 33). mernis Wenebas `ar aqvs
samZRvari~, mouTmenel mxedars ki male `Savi yorani ga-
uTxris saflavs~; mxedari diskretuli, SemosazRvruli
droisa da sivrcis binadaria, merani ki jadosnuri raSia,
romlis yofiereba zedroulia da sivrcobrivad usasru-
lo; mxedari eswrafvis, eziaros mernis yofierebis
usazRvroebas, magram swored es uqadis daRupvas.2 arse-
biTad, mxedari miiswrafvis ara marto Tavisuflebisken,
aramed – sikvdiliskenac...
ZiriTadi semantikuri opoziciebi, romlebic warmoq-
mnis `meranis~ mniSvnelobis safuZvels, amgvaria:

mxedari, merani merani

axla, aq Semdgom, iq
sasruli samyaro usasruloba, usazRvroeba
(bedis samZRvarsaqeTa (bedis samZRvarsmiRma
sivrce – dro) sivrce – dro)
sicocxle sikvdili

mxedari Sesabamisi opoziciuri wyvilis marjvena mxa-

res imitom araa warmodgenili, rom `bedis samZRvris~
gadalaxva misTvis sikvdilis tolfasia. amas adasturebs
leqsis me-5, me-6, me-7, me-8 strofebi, sadac saubaria
bedis samZRvris gadalaxvisas (anu Tavisuflebis mopo-
vebisas) mosalodneli gardauvali sikvdilis Sesaxeb.
182
 davakvirdeT `lurja cxenebis~ semantikur struqtu-
ras. am leqsSi SeimCneva `meranis~ centraluri saxis gro-
teskuli `orsxeulebriobis~ erTgvari gamoZaxili, ker-
Zod, im striqonebSi, sadac galaktionis leqsis lirikuli
gmiri TiTqos gaorebulia, garedan umzers sakuTar Tavs,
aRwers, afasebs rogorc `sxvas~.: `wevxar civ samareSi...~;
`exla ki samarea Seni gansasvenebi! / romeli scnobs Sens sa-
xes, an vin ityvis Sens saxels? / vin gaigebs Sens Zaxils, Za-
xils vin daijerebs? / veravin ganugeSebs saocrebis ubeSi~.
binarulobis principi `lurja cxenebSi~ imaSic vlin-
deba, rom Sepirispirebulia ori suraTi: `wevxar civ sa-
mareSi~ da `qrian lurja cxenebi~ (SevniSnavT, rom lurja
cxenebis moZraoba wriuli xasiaTisa araa, Tumca Sesabami-
si Tvalsazrisi xSirad gamoiTqmis):3 leqsSi es moZraoba
Sedarebulia `cecxlis xetialTan~, `zRvis xetialTan~,
ese igi, umizno, garkveuli mimarTulebis armqone moZra-
obasTan (cecxli da wyali stiqiebia, romelnic yoveli
mimarTulebiT vrceldebian). mimarTebiTi nacvalsaxe-
li `rogorc~ am gamoTqmebis semantikas igiveobriobas
aniWebs. Sedegad, `bedis triali~ umizno (da ara wriuli)
moZraobis mniSvnelobas iRebs da lurja cxenebis moZra-
obac amgvarive semantikiT aRiWurveba.
bunebrivia, rom simbolistur poetur teqstSi, ro-
melSic asaxulia samZRvarsmiRma – transcendenturi
– samyaro, ar aris moxseniebuli arc `Savi yorani~,
arc `qarisSxali~ da arc `svavni myivarni~ – romlebic
simbolisturi poeziisTvis damaxasiaTebeli poliseman-
tikurobiT ar xasiaTdeba, tradiciulad, uaryofiTi
semantikis matarebeli (romantizmisTvis damaxasiaTe-
beli) saxeebia da erTmniSvnelovnad iSifreba.
isic bunebrivia, rom meranis nacvlad galaktionis
leqsSi figurirebs lurja cxenebi – koncepti merani
Zalze myarad asocirdeba qarTul romantikul poezias-
Tan da, kerZod, nik. baraTaSvilis saxelTan. garda
amisa, mravlobiTi lurja cxenebi saSualebas iZleva,
183
ganzogadebul iqnas warmodgena adamianebis, kacobriobis
tragikuli bedis, gardauvali aRsasrulis Sesaxeb: `Cemi
lurja cxenebiT / CemTan moesvenebiT! yvelani aq arian!~
amgvarad, `meranis~ lirikuli gmiris tragikuli bedi
`lurja cxenebSi~, zogadad, adamianTa tragikuli aR-
sasrulis, maTi ganwirulobis saxiTaa warmodgenili.
axla ki davakvirdeT `lurja cxenebis~ semantikur
struqturas:

lirikuli gmiri lurja cxenebi

samudamo mxare samudamo mxare
civi samare, gansveneba bedis triali, cecxlis
(zRvis) xetiali
statika dinamika
Caketili sivrce usasruloba

`lurja cxenebSi~ gvaqvs, erTi mxriv, udrooba, Caketi-

li sivrce (samare) da umoZraoba, meore mxriv ki – lurja
cxenebis uwyveti moZraoba empiriulsa da transcenden-
tur samyaroebs Soris.4
SevniSnavT, rom galaktionis leqsSi gamoyenebulia sa-
myaros konceptualizaciis is xerxebi, romlebic gvxvde-
ba zogadad, nik. baraTaSvilis SemoqmedebaSi.
marTlac, samyaro, romelic warmoudgeba `lurja cxe-
nebis~ lirikul gmirs, bundovani, erTgvarovani da amoda-
luria. swored mravlobiTi `usuldgmulo dReebi~, iseve,
rogorc `SeSlili saxeebis ConCxiani tyeebi~ migvaniSnebs
am `dReebisa~ da `saxeebis~ amodalurobaze – lirikul
gmirs warmoudgeba ara konkretuli, garkveuli niSan-Tvi-
sebebis mqone `dRe~ an `saxe~, aramed – `saxeebis tyeebi~ (e.i.
uamravi `ConCxiani~ saxe) da `usuldgmulo dReebi~. amgva-
ri samyaro araaRqmadia (niSandoblivia masSi `gamoucnobi
qimerebis~ moxseniebac, romelTac `bnel xveulebSi sZi-
navT~). aseve araaRqmadia TviT lirikuli gmiric (`romeli
scnobs Sens saxes...~). am mxriv, `lurja cxenebSi~ liriku-
184
li gmiri iseve aRiqvams samyaros, rogorc nik. baraTaSvi-
lis `SemoRamebis~ lirikuli gmiri. leqsSi `SemoRameba
mTawmindazed~ bunebis movlenebi mravlobiT ricxvSia
moxseniebuli: `cvarni~, `ciagni~, `adgilni~, `yvavilni~,
`napralT”, `niavni~, `ReleTa~, `Semogareni~ – da am gziT
ganzogadebulad warmogvidgeba, rogorc erTgvarovan
obieqtTa simravleebi. SeuZlebelia msjeloba maTi msgav-
sebis an gansxvavebis Sesaxeb. zogjer poeti mxolobiT ri-
cxvsac iyenebs: `kldev bundovano~, `mTav Rrubliano~. aq
epiTetebi funqciurad mravlobiTi ricxvis tolfasia –
maTi daniSnulebaa bunebis obieqtebis konkretuli abri-
sis gamqrqaleba. sintagmebSi – `lamazs velsa~ da `turfas
serzed~ – Semfasebluri epiTetebi ver warmoaCens `ve-
lisa~ da `seris~ damaxasiaTebel kerZoobiT niSnebs. ami-
tom samyaro, am leqsis mixedviT, warmoCenilia, rogorc
erTgvarovani da Tvisebrivad ganusazRvreli realoba.
gansxvaveba isaa, rom `lurja cxenebSi~ xazgasmulia trans-
scendenturi samyaros amodaluroba da, Sesabamisad,
Seumecnebloba, idumaleba, maSin, rodesac nik. baraTaS-
vils TviT amqveyniuri samyaro, romelic mis leqsebSi
gamijnulia `zenaarT samyofi~ samyarosgan, warmoudgeba,
rogorc Seumecnebeli, idumali mocemuloba.
sivrce `lurja cxenebSi~ diskretulia: mravlobiT
ricxvSi Casmuli saxelebi `lurja cxenebSi~ aRniSnaven
erTgvarovan obieqtTa erTobliobebs – saxeebi, tyeebi,
yvavilni, qimerebs, ricxvebis. transcendenturi samya-
ros mravalferovneba am erTobliobaTa sxvadasxvaobaSi
gamoixateba da ara calkeul obieqtTa sxvadasxvaobaSi.
es ki imas niSnavs, rom am erTobliobebs Soris sivrculi
intervalebia – gansxvavebul obieqtTa erTobliobebi
kontinualur sivrces ver warmoqmnian. amgvarad, tran-
scendenturi samyaro `lurja cxenebSi~ diskretulia re-
ferentTa doneze, maSin, rodesac baraTaSvilis poeziaSi –
miuxedavad imisa, rom samyaros daxasiaTebis xerxebi ori-
ve poetTan erTgvarovania – diskretulia gamonaTqvamebi
185
samyaros (empiriuli samyaros) Sesaxeb (ix. amis Sesaxeb:
lomiZe 2014).5
yuradRebas ipyrobs galaktionis leqsis mesame stri-
qoni (`ar Canda Senapiri, ver vnaxe veraferi~). masSi
SeiZleba davinaxoT miniSneba garkveuli winare teqs-
tis6 arsebobis Sesaxeb, romelSic moxseniebuli unda
iyos lirikuli gmiris Zalisxmevis mizani, misi erTgvari
molodini. yovelive zemoTqmulidan gamomdinare, `lur-
ja cxenebSi~ moxseniebul `SenapirSi~ SeiZleba vigu-
lisxmoT is, rasac moeloda `meranis~ lirikuli gmiri
`bedis samZRvris~ gadalaxvis Semdgom – Tavisuflebis
mopovebas. aseT SemTxvevaSi, am teqstebis qronologiuri
urTierTmimarTebis gaTvaliswinebiT, `lurja cxenebi~
`meranis~ uSualo gagrZelebad unda miviCnioT.7 aqve
SeiZleba gavixsenoT `sakvirvelni aRTqmani~ (aRTqmani
Tavisuflebisa – `sulo borotoSi~).
gasaTvaliswinebelia, agreTve, rom sityva `napiri~
(`lurja cxenebis~ meore striqonSi: `elvarebda napiri
samudamo mxareSi~), am – simbolistur – leqsSi poliseman-
tikurobas iZens. amitom savsebiT SesaZlebelia, rom mis
mniSvnelobaTa Soris vigulisxmoT `mijna~, `zRvari~ (`be-
dis samZRvari~). qegl-Si sityva `napiris~ mniSvnelobaTa
Sorisaa `risame gareTa, ukiduresi nawili – kide, piri~.
ra Tqma unda, `napiris~ amgvari semantika gansakuTrebiT
arsebiTia swored `meranTan~ `lurja cxenebis~ dakavSi-
rebisas da gamoricxavs mis iseT mniSvnelobas, romelic
garkveul sivrces, teritorias aRniSnavs, radgan leqsSi
sruliad garkveuladaa miTiTebuli, rom esaa `samudamo
mxaris~ napiri, anu misi mijna. asea TuU ise, arsebiTia, rom
`lurja cxenebis~ pirvelsave striqonebSi SeiZleba da-
vinaxoT aluzia `meranze~, sadac `bedis samZRvari~ li-
rikuli gmiris sicocxlis zRvarsac aRniSnavs. marTlac,
meranis rbolis mizani xom lirikuri gmiris Tavisuflebaa
da martoobaSi sikvdili: `Savi yorani gamiTxris saflavs
mdeloTa Soris tialis mindvris..~, `satrfos cremlis
186
wil mkvdarsa oxersa damecemian cvarni ciurni...~, `dae,
movkvde me upatronod misgan oxeri...~
is, rom `lurja cxenebSi~ SeiniSneba aluziebi ara mar-
to `meranTan~, aramed baraTaSvilis sxva leqsebTanac,
kidev ufro metad usvams xazs imas, rom `lurja cxenebi~
exmianeba ara marto `merans~, aramed, zogadad, nik. bara-
TaSvilis msoflaRqmasa da mTel mis poetur Semoqmedebas.

***
mkvlevari zaza SaTiriSvili SeniSnavs, rom `negatiu-
ri bgerweris sanimuSo magaliTi lurja cxenebia. ar/ver
fonetikuri jgufi totalurad `faravs~ lurja cxenebis
teqstualur qsovils: `... miusafari mdumarebis gareSe/ sa-
mudamo mxareSi... simwuxarea / wevxar... samareSi/ ... da arc
suls uxaria...~. garkveuli azriT, ar-ver imdenad msWvala-
vs teqsts, rom pozitiuri xdomilebebi da warTqmiTi ga-
monaTqvamebic negatiur konteqstSi ikiTxeba: `miiCqarian
/ sizmarian CvenebiT... / CemTan moesvenebiT – yvelani aq
arian~. e.i., arsebobisa da daswrebulobis mtkicebiTi ga-
monaTqvami gamoxatavs aryofnasa da dauswreblobas. ga-
monaTqvamSi `yvelani aq arian~ ukve Cawerilia ar, rogorc
wyveta da carieli, brma laqa – arara. arara lurja cxe-
nebSi funqcionirebs rogorc teqstis maproducirebeli
tropi. am azriT, lurja cxenebis ZiriTadi interteqsti
aris negatiuri Teologiis diskursi, sadac negacia (ar/
ver) warmoadgens RmerTis, rogorc absoluturad tran-
scendenturisa da dauswreblis maqsimaluri daswrebu-
lobis reprezentacias~ (SaTiriSvili 2004: 97).
uaryofiTi nawilaki `ver~ `lurja cxenebSi~ mxolod
erTxelaa gamoyenebuli. meored is sityva `veraferis~
nawilis saxiT gvxvdeba. amitom aq SeiZleba vimsjeloT, Zi-
riTadad, `ar~ marcvlis ganmeorebis Sesaxeb. garda amisa,
vfiqrobT, SesaZlebelia `lurja cxenebis~ am evfoniuri
Taviseburebis, e.i. am poetur teqstSi marcval – ar-is six-
Siris sxvagvari axsnac, miT umetes, rom Cven winaSea leq-
187
siTi teqsti. bgerebis an bgeraTkompleqsebis ganmeoreba
leqsiTi teqstebis erT-erTi ZiriTadi struqturuli
Taviseburebaa da aucilebeli sulac araa, rom, magali-
Tad, `ar~ marcvlis ganmeoreba zemomoyvanili mizezebiT
aixsnas. `ar~ marcvlis xSiri ganmeoreba SeiZleba sxva mi-
zezebiTac avxsnaT – iseTebiT, romlebic uSualod gamom-
dinareobs `lurja cxenebis~ rogorc poeturi teqstis
specifikidan. kerZod, mniSvnelovania, rom – ar– marcvle-
bis Semadgenel `a~ xmovans `lurja cxenebSi~ ZiriTadad,
metruli maxvili moudis: elvarebda, mxareSi (3-jer), mdu-
marebis, gareSe (2-jer), TareSSi (2-jer), uxaria, simwuxa-
rea, miiCqarian, sizmarian, sizmaria, arian (2-jer), samareSi
(2-jer), samarea, miiCqarian, iCqarian, Cqari (2-jer) (gamona-
klisebia: wevxar, kamara, amara da miusafari). amgvarad, 23
sityvaSi gvxvdeba maxviliani `a~ xmovani, rac gacilebiT War-
bobs gamonaklisTa raodenobas.
`ar~ oden uaryofiTi nawilaki rodia, aramed – arsebi-
Ti saxelebisa da mimReobebis mawarmoebeli sufiqsic. es –
ar– (-al-) sufiqsi miRebulia maxviliani l, r sonantebis
vokalizaciis Sedegad (gamyreliZe ... 1965: 74 da Smd.) (xa-
zgasma Cemia – T. l.) da saxelebisa da mimReobebis mawar-
moebel sufiqsad iqca. –ar– sufiqsis maxvilianobas, rac
fuZiseuli xmovnis sinkopes iwvevs, adasturebs a. Sani-
Zec, mag.: `davWen – da-m-Wn-avr-i, movkued – mo-m-kud-avr-i,
davjed – da-m-jd-avr-i, movyem – mo-m-ym-avr-i, ganvtef –
gan-m-tf-avr-i~ (SaniZe 1976: 137).
riT unda iyos motivirebuli `lurja cxenebSi~ – ar–
marcvlis maxvilianoba da sixSire? arsebobs ara marto
e.w. kulturuli mexsiereba, aramed – enobrivi mexsiere-
bac, rogorc misi Semadgeneli nawili. savaraudod, swo-
red is unda gansazRvravdes `lurja cxenebis~ bgeriTi
qsovilis im Taviseburebas, rom masSi – ar– sufiqsi max-
viliania: mimReobebi, zmnebisgan gansxvavebiT, procesu-
alobis, droiTi grZliobis niSniT ar xasiaTdebian. SesaZ-
loa, hipoTezis saxiT, vivaraudoT, rom – ar– maxviliani
188
marcvlis sixSire, romelic mimReobebTan asocirdeba,
`lurja cxenebSi~ asaxul situacias Seesabameba da xazs
usvams transcendenturi samyaros zedroulobas (an mis
udroobas).
vfiqrobT, `meranisa~ da `lurja cxenebis~ analizis
Sedegad gamovlenili (ara mxolod leqsikur damTxveva-
Ta doneze dafiqsirebuli) paralelebi imis safuZvels
iZleva, rom davaskvnaT: galaktionis `lurja cxenebi~
konceptualurad nik. baraTaSvilis `meranis~ uSualo
(cnobier Tu gaucnobierebel) reminiscencias warmo-
adgens, emyareba im samyaros im models, romelic `meran-
Sia~ asaxuli da swored amis meSveobiT adasturebs sam-
yaros baraTaSviliseuli modelis WeSmaritebas `lurja
cxenebis~ avtorisTvis.

SeniSvnebi:

1. aseTsave xerxs mimarTavdnen galaktionis `lurja cxenebis~

analizisas. r. xalvaSis SeniSvniT, `mkvlevrebi... sxvadasxva teq-
stebTan da personaJebTan avleben `lurja cxenebis~ mxatvrul da
literaturul paralelebs: platonis dialogi `fedoni~, antikuri
miTologia (pegasi), dantes gerioni (`jojoxeTis~ XVII T.), baironis
`kaeni~, goeTes `fausti~, baraTaSvilis `merani~, aleqsandre blokis
`Tormetni~, andrei belis `qriste aRsdga~, konstantine balmontis
`sami cxeni~, valeri briusovis `cxeni mwvane~ da sxva (xalvaSi 2010:
131).
2. mernisa da mxedris saxeTa urTierTgamijnuloba Zalze ar-
sebiTia. is gansazRvravs leqsis tragikul JReradobas. am wyvi-
luri saxis Semadgeneli komponentebis erTgvarovani daxasiaTebis
SemTxvevaSi leqsis ZiriTadi Tema iqneboda usasrulo rbolis an
mosalodneli daRupvis motivebi, rac banalur elfers SesZenda
baraTaSvilis qmnilebas.
3. mag., `bedis samZRvris erTjeradi gadalaxva Secvlilia lurja
cxenebis usasrulo da ganmeorebadi trialiT, xolo unikaluri me-
rani – mravlobiTi cxenebiT~ (SaTiriSvili 2004: 181).
189
 4. sainteresoa, rom `qarTul tradiciaSi sikvdili da dakrZal-
vis wesebi avlenen miTologizebul kavSirebs cocxlebsa da gardac-
vlilebs Soris... saaqaosa da saiqios Soris zRurbli moiazreboda...
gavrcelebuli rwmenebiT, gardacvalebuls zRurblis gadalaxvaSi
sulis cxeni da cxen-mxedarTa marula exmareboda~ (abakelia 2017:
141, 142, 143)
5. ganvmartavT: `lurja cxenebSi~ asaxuli (transcendenturi)
samyaro danawevrebulia referentTa erTobliobebad, romlebsac
avtonomiuri adgilebi ukaviaT warmosaxul (da logikur) sivrceSi.
maSasadame, es erTobliobebi transcendenturi samyaros diskre-
tuli elementebia, romlebsac erTmaneTTan araviTari droiTi an
mizezSedegobrivi mimarTebebi ar akavSirebs (radgan droiTi da
mizezSedegobrivi mimarTebebi ar SeiZleba akavSirebdes obieqtTa
erTmaneTisgan izolirebul erTobliobebs). amitom misi gaazreba
SeuZlebelia. transcendentur samyaros garkveuli semantikuri
potenciali aqvs, magram rogoria es potenciali – bundovani da
gaugebaria. Sesabamisad, am samyaros elementebis (referentTa er-
Tobliobebis) aRmniSvneli sityvebi SeiZleba iyos mxolod simbo-
loebi. mniSvnelovania isic, rom `lurja cxenebSi~ aliteraciaTa
simravle aZnelebs teqstis interpretacias da abundovanebs azrs.
yovelive es simbolisturi stilis damaxasiaTebelia da organulia
galaktionis mxatvruli azrovnebisTvis.
nik. baraTaSvilis poeziaSi asaxuli (empiriuli) samyaros konti-
nualurobis STabeWdilebas warmoqmnis is, rom am samyaros Sesaxeb
xSirad (magaliTad, leqsebSi: `merani~, `SemoRameba mTawmindazed~,
`fiqrni mtkvris piras~, poemaSi `bedi qarTlisa~) gamoTqmulia ur-
TierTgamomricxavi Tvalsazrisebi (rasac Cven `Tavisufali pre-
dikacia~ vuwodeT), amgvari msjeloba ki SesaZlebelia mxolod uwy-
veti da amodaluri samyaros Sesaxeb, romelic logikur gaazrebas
ar eqvemdebareba. am STabeWdilebas aZlierebs bindis motivi (leqsSi
`SemoRameba mTawmindazed~). yovelive es samyaros romantikul aRq-
mas Seesabameba da e.w. romantikuli ironiis gamoxatulebas warmoa-
dgens.
6. es winare teqsti ki, analizis Cven mier SerCeuli meTodis Se-
sabamisad, literaturuli teqstebis sistemis elementi unda iyos.
190
sxva SemTxvevaSi – ese igi, Tu vigulisxmebT, rom winare teqsti ara-
literaturul sferos, magaliTad, religias miekuTvneba da `Sena-
pirs~ religiuri Sinaarsis mqone cnebad miviCnevT, es sxva sistemis
elementi iqneba. Cveni analizis specifikis Tanaxmad ki winare teq-
sts veZebT swored imave – literaturul – sistemaSi.
7. SevniSnavT, rom amgvari Tvalsazrisi ukve gamoTqmulia r. xal-
vaSis saintereso statiaSi: `lurja cxenebis~ interteqsti~: `ba-
raTaSvilis `Tavganwiruli mxedris~ arqetipi tarielis saSvelad
mimavali avTandilia, galaktionis lirikuli gmiri ki sikvdilis
saufloSia gadasuli – `civ samareSi~ wevs, sicocxlisken iltvis
da ukvdavebas eswrafvis, amis mauwyebelia lurja cxenebis daucx-
romeli rbola. ase rom, `lurja cxenebi~ swored im wertilidan
iwyeba, sadac `Tavganwiruli mxedari~ amTavrebs Tavis gzas~ (xal-
vaSi 2010: 133) (xazgasma Cemia – T.l.). amasTan, vfiqrobT, saeWvoa
Sexeduleba, TiTqos `galaktionis lirikuli gmiri... sicocxlisken
iltvodes~. yovel SemTxvevaSi `lurja cxenebis daucxromeli rbo-
la~ `amis mauwyebeli~, Cveni azriT, ar unda iyos, Tuki gaviTvalis-
winebT maT (qaronis funqciis msgavs) daniSnulebas: `Cemi lurja
cxenebiT CemTan moesvenebiT!~ garda amisa, baraTaSvilis leqsis,
iseve, rogorc `lurja cxenebis~ tragikuli konteqsti gamoricxavs
maTi lirikuli gmirebis `sicocxlisken ltolvas~. Sesabamisad,
sakmarisad argumentirebuli araa statiaSi gamoTqmuli Sexedu-
leba `lurja cxenebisa~ da `meranis~ urTierTmimarTebis Sesaxeb.

damowmebani:

abakelia 2017: abakelia n. uZvelesi kosmologiuri konceptebi da ar-

qauli religiuri simboloebi qarTvelTa kulturul mexsierebaSi.
Tbilisi: ilias saxelmwifo universiteti, 2017.
baxtini1990: Бахтин, М. Творчество Франсуа Рабле и народная культура
средневековья и Ренессанса. Москва: издательство “Художная литература”, 1990.
gamyreliZe ... 1965: gamyreliZe T., maWavariani g. sonantTa sistema da
ablauti qarTvelur enebSi. Tbilisi: gamomcemloba `mecniereba~, 1965.
lomiZe 2014: lomiZe T. qarTuli romantizmis poetika. Tbilisi: ilias
saxelmwifo universiteti, 2014.

191
 SaTiriSvili 2004: SaTiriSvili z. galaktionis poetika da ritorika.
Tbilisi: gamomcemloba `logos presi~, 2004.
SaniZe 1976: SaniZe ak. Zveli qarTuli enis gramatika. Tbilisi: Tsu
gamomcemloba, 1976.
Ciqovani 1963: Ciqovani s. rCeuli werilebi. Tbilisi: gamomcemloba
`literatura da xelovneba~, 1963.
xalvaSi 2010: xalvaSi r. `lurja cxenebis~ interteqsti. – semiotika.
Tbilisi: 2010.

192
Essai
vaxtang javaxaZe

ori eskizi

1. `artistuli yvavilebis~ Sesaxeb

`artistuli yvavilebi~ gaxlavT wigni, romlis dasa-

weradac TavianTi mgznebare manifestebiT kargaxans em-
zadebodnen cisferyanwelebi da romelic moulodnelad
dawera ara-cisferyanwelma. cxadia, es rigiTi wigni ar
gaxlavT da isic cxadia, rom am siurpriziT gaognebul
cisferyanwelebs qvecnobieri pretenziebi gauCndaT, ro-
melic vera da ver moineles (Tumca, cxadze cxadia isic,
rom aseTi Canafiqris gansaxorcieleblad marto mgzne-
bare manifestebi da sakuTari saxelebis gadakeTeba ar
kmara).
erTi legenda gamaxsenda: Zvel aTenSi axali taZris
aSeneba ganizraxes da ori saxelganTqmuli xuroTmoZR-
vari moiwvies. pirvelma didxans ilaparaka, dawvrilebiT
daaxasiaTa momavali Senobis calkeuli detalebi da
iseTi mowoneba daimsaxura, rom meores, sxvaTaSoris,
zrdilobis gamo hkiTxes: Sen raRas SemogvTavazebo. me-
orem: kolegam rom dagixataT, zustad aseT Senobas aSe-
nebuls CagabarebTo. agaSena RmerTma, Cvenc eg gvindao!
– upasuxes aTenelebma. maSasadame, mTavaria Sedegi da ara
Canafiqri, saqme da ara sityva (TviT sityvis xelovnebaSic
ki!).
– `cisferi yanwebiT~ iwyeba axali periodi qarTul
mwerlobaSi. – ganacxada erTma liderma.

193
 – Cven faruli TrTolviT uarvyofT sayvarel didebis
taxts, rodesac davinaxavT, rom sxva maRlobze gaixara
axali ganaxlebis koconma. – dasZina meorem.
magram, rodesac WeSmaritad `sxva maRlobze gaixara
axali ganaxlebis koconma~, taxtis daTmoba arc ise ioli
aRmoCnda: Tvalebze xelebi aifares, da, sxva rom veraferi
mouxerxes, `не вижу~ gaukeTes (barbarizmisaTvis bodiSi!)
da sruli martoobisaTvis gawires isedac martoobisa-
ken miswrafebuli (`e ojaxdaqceuli, Tu ver mxedavs, fexi
mainc versad wamomkrao~, – mwared ixumra erTxel).
Tumca esec unda vikiTxoT: iyvnen ki dabadebulebi
`artistuli yvavilebis~ mkiTxvelebi 1919 wels? – ro-
desac am moulodneli wignis saTauric ki zustad ver
iTargmneba, Tu saerTod ar iTargmneba?
– Cven rom aklebuli gvqonda rusTavelis prospeqti,
sad iyo maSin galaktioni? – Semomitia erTxel erTma na-
xevrad cisferyanwelma (`yanwelobs, Tan ar yanwelobs!~).
– rodesac me movel, – aravin ar Canda! – TiTqos Cems
magier upasuxa da daumata: dRemde veravin ver damajera,
rom me mjobnian Cemi tolebi!
1933 wels rusulad Seaxsena sakuTar Tavs:
– Ты пришел в нежеланный момент для многих.
…isRa dagvrCenia, ganvmartoT: Sedevrebs qmnian ara qu-
CaSi gamosuli demonstrantebi, aramed sanTlis SuqTan
gaxiznuli geniosebi! xolo sanTels rac Seexeba, marTlac
sanTlis mkrTal naTels amjobinebda atomis saukuneSi,
radgan sanTlis wre met intims qmnida da kidev ufro ga-
namartovebda. xSirad dRisiTac ar aRebda darabebs da
ise werda, anda srul wyvdiadSi ijda da ocnebobda. sawer
magidaze sanTlebi ewyo da bazris SpargalkaSic sagange-
bod iniSnavda: `Sandali. sanTlebi (Sesaferisi). kargi sa-
magido sanTeli. sanTeli Sandlisa...~
dabolos, esec akadra oTxmocdacameti wlis cisfer-
yanwelma:

194
 – `lurja cxenebi~ bodvaa. qrian bodvebi da abdaubdebi.

es is kolega gaxlavT, 1920 wels rom Sedevri uwoda

`lurja cxenebs~ da `asi leqsis~ komentarebi dagvitova.
`abdaubdebs~ rac Seexeba, diaxac es gaxlavT swored is
`uSesaniSnavesi abdaubda~, romelzedac salvador dalim
miuTiTa pablo pikasos – rogorc misi originalobis im
maxasiaTebelze, romelmac meoce saukunis xelovneba
gadaarCina, da romelic Cven SegviZlia galaktionis erTi
striqoniT gavamarTloT: `ocneba – naxazi saganTa uariT~.
msgavs xilvebs mxolod geniosis warmosaxva moixelTebs
xolme da SuriT dabneuli goneba verasdros Cawvdeba da
verasdros Seicnobs.

2. erTi taepis saidumlo

– yvelaze ukeTesi qmnileba aris is, romelic yvelaze

didxans inaxavs Tavis saidumlos, – gvianderZa pol vale-
rim da gviTargmna baCana bregvaZem.
daviT weredianmac gadmogviqarTula:
– yvelaze didxans is nawarmoebi cocxlobs, romelic
Tavis saidumlos yvelaze didxans inaxavs.
vadim kozovoim (emzar kvitaiSvilis megobarma) rusebs
gadaurusula:
– Наилучшим является такое произведение, которое дольше
всех хранит свою тайну.

ocneba naxazi saganTa uariT.

galaktionis am taepma saukunovani gamocda ukve Caabara.

win ki Semdegi saukuneebia!

195
 variacia galaktionis motivze

ahande sxva zRva da sxva rezervuari:

ocneba, naxazi saganTa uariT.

idumals CurCulebs xma mokarnaxesi –

ocneba, saganTa uariT naxazi.

paemans gvTavazobs darazul sakanTan

uariT naxazi ocneba saganTa.

da TemidasaviT gvepatiosneba
saganTa uariT naxazi ocneba.

196
levan berZeniSvili

galaktionis danaSauli

bohema (Fr. bohème) burJuaziul sazogadoebaSi – msa-

xiobebi, musikosebi, mxatvrebi, mwerlebi, romelTac ara
aqvT arsebobisaTvis saWiro mudmivi Semosavali da uTav-
bolo cxovrebas ewevian (ucxo sityvaTa leqsikoni).

aris xalxi, romelic mas jiutad „galaqtion tabiZes“

uwodebs. ai, ase – gala-q-tions qaniTa da gvariT, aucile-
blad gvariT, romelime sxva galaqtionSi, sxva did an pa-
tara poetSi rom ar agverios. arada, xom SeiZleba, agve-
rios?! marto gvaric ar SeiZleba. leoniZe, magaliTad,
SeiZleba, magram tabiZe xom ticianicaa?! mTavaria, ga-
laktioni ar vuwodoT, ar gamovyoT, ar gamovarCioT.
ratom? albaT, imitom, rom TavSi ar auvardes. SoTas rom
auvarda, xom wavuSaleT biografia?! galaktions ki mkac-
rad unda moveqceT, disciplinas unda mivaCvioT.
kanonis uzenaesoba isaa, rom Tu biZaCems galaqtioni
erqva, galaktionsac galaqtioni unda erqvas. ra aris aq
gaugebari? isic eyofa, yvelas rom dascinoda, mweralTa
kavSirs „mwerTa kavSirs“ rom uwodebda, ukbilod „xum-
robda“, erTi mwerlis kavSiri ar gamigia meo; rogorc er-
Tia qveyana mTeli, ise erTia galaktionio, rom ambobda.
samagierod „galaqtion tabiZe“ raRac iseTi keTilSo-
bili niSnismogebiT JRers, rogorc mowinaaRmdege poli-
tikosebis mier xSir-xSirad gameorebuli, „saxecvlili“
gvar-saxelebi. asea, asea saWiro, rom icodnen TavianTi
adgili. galaktionmac unda icodes Tavisi adgili, nu adis
caSi, aq, CvenTan, daetios, Cvens miwaze, ubralo adamia-
nebis gverdiT, Cvens wreSi, Cvens wiaRSi, Cveni weris kul-
turaSi, Cvens wumpeSi.
ase ibadeba namdvili, gamarTuli da wrfeli winadade-
ba: „cnobili poeti galaqtion tabiZe ar iyo leqsis uri-
197
go ostati, Tumca...“ aba „galaktioni genia“, „galaktioni
jadoqari“, „galaktioni saocreba“ – mosabezrebeli ar
aris? yvela unda giyvardes, yvela, xolo yvela, rogorc
sayovelTaod cnobilia, galaktioni ver iqneba.
arsebobs gulubryvilo xalxi, visac galaktioni adami-
ani egona. dResac arian aseTebi. marTla hgoniaT, rom ada-
miani iyo. erTi statistikuri erTeuli, romelsac erTi
guli, ori Tirkmeli da erTi sicocxle hqonda. icxovra
da mokvda. yvela kvdeba: tabiZec, griSaSvilic, SanSiaS-
vilica da noneSvilic. poetebi ibadebian, leqsebs weren
da kvdebian. zogierTebi Tavs iklaven. mxolod esaa gans-
xvaveba. galaktionic daibada, bevri leqsi dawera, bevri
Rvino dalia da bolos wavida, gafrinda; oRond esaa, sxva
poetebi rom kvdebian, meore dRes mainc Tendeba da axali
poetebi axal leqsebs weren, xandaxan winadRiT wasuli
poetis leqsebze ukeTesebs. es kidev ise wavida, poeziaSi
meore dRes ki ara, arasodes aRar gaTenda; masze ukeTesi
meore dRes ki ara, meore wels ki ara, meoce wels ki ara,
meore aTaswleulSi ki ara, mesame aTaswleulSic ver da-
iwera. rao, mis leqsze ukeTesi leqsi ar arsebobs? – iki-
Txavs „galaqtionSi“ fSvinvieri qanis romelime patiosani
gulSematkivari da erTi suli maqvs, es kiTxva me damis-
van. ratom? imitom, rom kvimati pasuxi maqvs, Cveni erTi
kargi mwerlis kiloze vupasuxeb: rogor ara, arsebobs
mis leqsze ukeTesic – misi sxva leqsi.
diax, mecniereba adasturebs, rom arsebobs xalxi, vi-
sac galaktioni „galaqtion tabiZe“ da adamiani egona. is
ki ara, madloba Tqvas, adamiani Tu egonaT. meti ra unda
Tqva arsebaze, romelsac sakuTari biografiis adamianu-
rad dawerac ar exerxeba? „mama ar axsovs“. aba, SeiZleba
biografia ase iwyebodes? dawere, Se kaco, „me, galaqtion
vasilis Ze tabiZe, davibade 1891 wlis...“. ra unda amas, ra?
arada, naxeT, rogor wers: „mama ar axsovs. soflis [waS-
lilia] quTaisis skola. 1905 weli. anarxistTa gaficvebi,
tfilisis seminaria. soflis xoristi [waSlilia] agitato-
198
ri, redaktori xelnaweri revolucionuri Jurnalebis...“.
magas kidev eSveleboda, biografias sxva dauwerda, magram
am tabiZes biografic rom misnairi Sexvda? naxeT es misi
apologeti vaxtang javaxaZe rogor wers? – „rodesac ge-
saubrebodaT, TiTqos sxvagan imyofeboda da es „sxvagan“
iyo misi mTavari savane“. swored am „sxvasa“ da „sxvagans“ ar
ebrZviT „galaktionSi“ yru fSvinvieri xSuli fonemebis
„sxvanairad“ moyvarulebo?
„mama ar axsovs“ – ra, erik-emanuel Smitis ieSuaa, mama
rom ar axsovs? ra naTqvamia es – „ar axsovs“? deivid ko-
perfildisa ar iyos, mamamisic mis dabadebamde garda-
icvala, mama rogor emaxsovreboda? arada, leqsSi ki da-
wera – moxuci mama, moxuci mama, sasxlaviT xelSi dadis
venaxSio! ris Tqma undoda? arafris, isev gvatyuebda.
ramdenjer gaakritikes samarTlianad! ramdenjer uTx-
res swori, kolegialuri sityva! misTvis cudi xom ar un-
dodaT, xom kargi undodaT, magram ra, Seismina?! naxeT,
kolega ra taqtianad, ra tkbilad aswavlida Wkuas: „si-
sulelea. ra brZaneT, „dido~ poeto, ukacravad pasuxia,
idioto!! Идиотизм? Да, идиотизм!!! niavis bindic qliavis
feria? ki, gvinaxavs, gviWamia!“ „vinc kvdeba, yvelas ga-
xelili rCeba Tvalebi, Tu ar dauxuWes. mere ra moxda,
kretino? ra aris es? ra hqvia amas? idiotebo, visac es
mogwonT?!“
dadga dro, vaRiaro. me var idioti. me momwons es.
saqarTvelo savsea idiotebiT, romelTac moswonT „es“.
romelTac ician es. arada, arseboben Wkviani adamianebi,
romelTac kargad moexsenebaT, rom arsebobs logikis
bolo sfero, bolo nawili, daskvnis Teoria. daskvnis is
saxeoba, romelic SeimuSava aristotelem kategoriuli
silogizmis saxiT. zogadad SegviZlia daskvna ganvsazR-
vroT Zalze martivad ase – ori msjelobis safuZvelze
miRebul axal mesame msjelobas daskvna ewodeba. im msje-
lobebs, saidanac gamoiyvaneba axali mesame msjeloba,
ewodeba wanamZRvrebi, xolo mesame daskvniT msjelobas
199
ki danaskvni. nimuSad, vTqvaT, SegviZlia aviRoT aseTi
daskvna: yvela adamiani mokvdavia. sokrate adamiania. ma-
Sasadame, sokrate mokvdavia. axla ki vawyeninoT aristo-
teles da ase vTqvaT: galaqtioni adamiania. galaktioni
RmerTia. maSasadame, galaktioni ukvdavia. diax, or yrus
Soris gadis sikvdil-sicocxlis, mokvdavoba-ukvdavebis
xazi, or yru da or xSuls Soris, yru fSvinviersa da yru
mkveTrs Soris, qansa da kans Soris.
ai, misi kidev erTi „avtobiografia“ (kvadratul
frCxilebSia is, rac waSlilia Tavad poetis mier):
„[Tanamgzavri poetisa, siRaribe erTgulad Tanasdevda
poets]. [umsubuqebs poets... siRaribe iyo poetis uerTgu-
lesi Tanamgzavri [dawyebuli] akvanidanve, [magram es momen-
ti piradi misi cxovrebisa, ratomRac sruliad ara sCans
poetis arcerT nawarmoebSi. piriqiT, igi yovelTvis igo-
nebda da hqmnida da sisruleSi mohyavda. [bevrma dRem-
de[c] ki ar icis, Tu ra] [warmoudgeneli] metad saSinel
materialur pirobebSi hqmnida da sisruleSi mohyavda [po-
ets] Tavisi gabeduli saliteraturo gegmebi; [dawyebuli
„atmis yvavilebidan“, gaTavebuli „epoqiT“, „pacifizmiT“,
„revoliucionuri saqarTveloTi“ da sxvebiT. Seviwroebu-
li siRaribiT,] miuxedavad yovelive amisa, xuTi wlis [bav-
Svma] galaktionma ukve mSvenivrad [icis] iTvisebs wera-
kiTxvas. 7-8 [wlidan] wlisa swers pirvel liriul leqsebs,
[swers] istoriul poemebs, satirebs, moTxrobebs, romanebs,
novelebs, dramebs, sTargmnis homeross. poeti xSirad am-
bobs, rom bevri misi imdroindeli dabeWdili nawerebisa,
srulebiT arafers warmoadgens [mis didZal daubeWdav
masalebTan masxarad] im didZal masalebTan SedarebiT,
romelic daubeWdavia. Tormeti wlisam [iyo, rodesac man
mtkiced] man amxanagebSi ukve daimkvidra saxeli dasrule-
buli poetis“.
ara, ar aris es normaluri kacis naweri. marTla ar
aris an ratom unda iyos? galaktionma avtobiografiis
wera ar icoda, is ki ara, prozis werac ar icoda, arafris
200
wera ar icoda, mxolod erTi ramis – RmerTi iyo da
marto Tavisi ena icoda, mxolod leqsis wera exerxeboda.
SeiZleba mis gamarTlebad is gamodges, rom wera ki ara,
Cveulebrivi, „adamianuri“, galaqtionebma rom ician, ise-
Ti laparakic ar icoda. aki TviTonac ambobda: „me xom
sruliad laparaki ar vici“; „me imdenad ar vici lapara-
ki, rom kacs xSirad ver vagebineb“; „es fusfusi patar-
patara xalxis CemTvis sruliad gaugebaria.“ „TiTqmis
yovlisSemZle xdeboda, rodesac kalams aiRebda xelSi
da ususuri Canda, rogorc ki qaRalds gaSordeboda“
(vaxtang javaxaZe).
galaktioni kalams aiRebs da dawers:

ramdeni qaravani, mTebze gadamarTuli,

gaiSleba – mcnobeli mRvrie udabnoeTis,
wveTi sisxlis ar aris CemSi araqarTuli,
Zafi nervis ar aris CemSi ara poetis.

an: mzeo TibaTvis, yofna umzeo!

mze miicvala Ria TvalebiT!
is miicvala raRac umweo
da saocari gardacvalebiT!

an: qari dacxra siboboqris,

Savi zRvidan sio moqris,
me gicqeri, rogorc oqros,
Camaval mzes, Camavals.

amas galaqtion tabiZe ver dawerda. amas sWirdeboda

swored RmerTi, swored iseTi kosmosuri (poeti ityoda,
„kosmiuri“), galaqtikuri saxeliT, rogoric galakti-
onia. rogor uyvarda kosmosi! iciT vinme saqarTveloSi,
visac ase itacebda kosmosi?! cota gvian rom dabadebu-
liyo an cota sxvagan, kosmonavti Tu ara, astronavti
mainc iqneboda. „kosmiuri orkestri“, „kosmiuri Seiqmna
gube“, „kosmiuri grigali“, „kosmiuri cxenis Tavi“, „fex-
201
qveS gigia mdelo-kosmosi“... netav rogor daarqves galak-
tioni, es sivrciT-kosmosur-RvTaebrivi ZvelberZnuli
saxeli? dedam icoda, rom RmerTi Sva? xom SeiZleboda,
„adamianuri“ saxeli daerqva, rogorc sxva qarTvel po-
etebs hqviaT, magaliTad: grigoli, ticiani, paolo, ko-
lau, giorgi, nikolo, iosebi, aleqsandre, irakli an kar-
lo mainc?
amtkicebda, mzidan Camovedio. keTili iyo, am xvedrs
sxvebisTvisac imetebda, mTel klasze ambobda, mzidan Ca-
mosulebi varTo (Tumca manamde, leqsis dasawyisSi, sxva
poetisTvis ver mimigniao, brZanebda):

Cven, poetebi, mzidan veSvebiT –

da vsvamT cecxlian azarfeSebiT
mzis sadRegrZelos.

arasodes ar hqonda fuli. uyairaTo iyo. dRiurSi

wers: „sircxvili ar aris, me fuli ar mqondes?“
fuli ar hqonda, megobrebi ar hyavda, ukve 1915 wels
saxelovanma biZaSvilma, ticianma „martoobis ordenis
kavaleri“ uwoda. araferi ar hqonda, aravin ar hyavda,
samagierod mtrebi hyavda imdeni da iseTi, „mas rom
ekadreboda“. ra iyo misi mtrebis mTavari motivi? ra
edeboda bralad galaktions? riT gauSres sisxli da riT
miiyvanes TviTmkvlelobamde? dRes amis dajereba Znelia.
dRes, rodesac arcerTi poeturi movlena iseT enTuzi-
azms ar iwvevs feisbukSi, rogorc galaktionis dabade-
bis dRe, rodesac 17 noembers „iuzerebi“ erTmaneTs
ejibrebian galas citirebaSi, rodesac weliwadis 365
dRes qarTuli feisbukis poetur palitraSi galaktions
mxolod rusTveli Tu ejibreba, Zneli dasajerebelia,
rom am genioss mcire poetebi Tavxedurad uniWobaSi sdeb-
dnen brals. diax, galaktions brali edeboda uniWobaSi.
am mxriv gansakuTrebiT gamoiCina Tavi kargma poetma
kolau nadiraZem, romelmac Tavisi xangrZlivi sicocxle
galaktionis usamarTlo lanZRva-ginebas miuZRvna.
202
 cnobili ambavia, rom „cisferi yanwebis“ pirvelive no-
merSi galaktionis ori Sedevri gamoqveynda, „lurja cxe-
nebi“ da „mTawmindis mTvare“. ai, rogor Seafasa „lurja
cxenebi“ kolau nadiraZem, ukve galaktionis sikvdilis
Semdeg (yuradReba miaqcieT, rogor moixseniebs Tavis
genialur kolegas „g. tabiZed“, arc galaktioni da arc
Tundac galaqtioni, ubralod, g., kafkasac SeSurdeboda!):
„gasaocaria! gr. robaqiZe da mec am leqsiT viyaviT gata-
cebulni, werilebi vuZRveniT mas. exla am bodvas poeziis
mwvervalad acxadeben uvicebi da uwignurebi, Tanac srule-
biT gemovnebas moklebuli adamianebi. g. tabiZes, rogorc
Cans, surda „meranze“ Zlieri ram daewera. magram „meranis“
naTel, genialur aRmafrenas, sadac yvelaferi, yoveli sity-
vac naTelia da gasagebi, es uazro bodva sad miuaxlovdeba.
es leqsi uazroa, bodvaa – meti araferi! vimeorebT, g. tabi-
Zes uTuod surda baraTaSvilis „merani“ daeCrdila. magram
gariTmuli abdaubda poeziad arasodes gasaRdeba“.
ai, aseTi danaSauli hqonia galaktions. mTeli cxovre-
ba imas cdilobda, rom mTawmindaze baraTaSvilis gver-
diT daemkvidrebina adgili. baraTaSvils aq uyvarda
oblad siarulio, werda da, Turme, misi amoZirkva, mSob-
liuri literaturidan „meranis“ waSla da misi „lurja
cxenebiT“ Canacvleba hqonia miznad. ra aris es – Suri, sib-
rmave, boRma?! k. nadiraZe rom baraTaSvilis Tanamedrove
yofiliyo, viTom misi ar SeSurdeboda? rusTavelis Ca-
Zirvis mcdelobaSi ar dasdebda brals?
galaktionis „romeli saaTia?“ – kolau nadiraZis mi-
naweri: „sibiTuris saaTia! bodvis da onanizmis saaTia“,
xolo striqons „winaparTa Zvlebs davicav“ – „veravis da
verafers ver daicav, Se siristiano! magis yverebi RmerTs
SenTvis ar moucia“. am kacs sakuTari mamis saxels ver
aTqmevinebdiT, radgan mamamiss galaqtioni erqva.
1946 wlis 26 maiss geronti qiqoZem mweralTa sasax-
leSi sruliad ucnobi ana kalandaZis leqsebi moismina
da brwyinvale debiutis meore dRes dRiurSi Cawera:
203
„vaJa-fSavelas Semdeg pirveli didi poeti mogvevlina“.
galaktions ver xedavda! saavadmyofoSi sakocnelad ga-
moweul galaktions konstantine gamsaxurdiam piri mo-
arida. saiubileo werilSi giorgi margvelaSvilma qebis
nacvlad, faqtobrivad, rusi poetebis epigonad moix-
sena! irakli abaSiZem, sikvdilis Semdeg, amxela Tu iyo,
namdvilad ar megonao. „WyviSel biWs“ eZaxdnen, „namdvi-
li poeziis imitacias“ abralebdnen, wuxdnen misi sidi-
dis gamo da kidev ukvirdaT misi bohema da misi martooba.
dRes dadgenilia misi mTavari danaSauli: Crâne
aux fleurs artistiques, anu „artistuli yvavilebi“ ar unda
daewera. es wignia misi danaSauli. es iyo misi meore
krebuli. 1919 wels gamosca da Tavic samudamod daiRu-
pa. amis Semdeg mtris jinaze kidev ormoci weli icocx-
la. pirveli krebulis Semdeg kargi biWi iyo, marTalia,
„WyviSeli“, magram mainc kargi, imedismomcemi, TiTqmis
cisferyanweli. ai, meore wignis Semdeg da, gansakuTre-
biT, poetebis mefed aRiarebis Semdeg (amas maSinve am aRi-
arebis oficialuri „gauqmeba“ mohyva) ki gaxda „uniWo bod-
vebis“ avtori. galaktionze dawerili genialuri wignis,
„ucnobis“ avtorma, vaxtang javaxaZem galaktionis mTa-
vari „kritikosi“ kolau nadiraZe saxeliTa da gvariT arc
ki moixsena (daindo?), magram galaktionis „piruTvneli“
Sefasebebi ki dauTvala: sisulele – 24, abdaubda – 14,
uazroba – 12, bodva – 12, provinciali, provinciuli,
provincializmi – 4, grafomani – 4, degenerati – 4, Cmaxva
– 4, idioti, idiotoba – 3, uvici, uvicoba – 3, absurdi – 3,
naZirala – 2, garewari – 1, uwignuri – 1, dasaWurisebuli
– 1...

wigni „artistuli yvavilebi“, Sinaarsi: „Semodgoma

„umanko Casaxebis“ mamaTa savaneSi“, „lurja cxenebi“, „an-
gelozs eWira grZeli pergamenti“, „saubari edgarze“, „ma-
riam antuaneta“, „Tovli“, „unazesi xelnaweri“, „Serige-
ba“, „poeti brboSi“, „pirimze“, „Voiles“ (saidumlo alebi
204
zRvaTa idumalebis...), „meri“, „alvebi TovlSi“, „grada-
cia“, „silaJvarde anu vardi silaSi“, „Semodgomis fragmen-
ti“, „yorani“, „aTovda zamTris baRebs“, „samreklo udab-
noSi“, „guli“, „marmarilo“, „atmis yvavilebi“, „Rrublebi
oqros amurebiT“, „Wianurebi“, „saRamo“, „vin aris es qali?“
„sikvdili mTvarisgan“, „is“, „vualisa da violჲes Sesaxeb“,
„verxvebi“, „paraleli“, „fardebis Sriali“, „Cveni sauku-
ne“, „mTawmindis mTvare“, „gobeleni“, „SiSveli“, „micva-
lebulis xsovna“, „zRapari“, „orxideebi“, „mgloviare
serafimebi“, „avdris molodini“, „ar-dabruneba“, „mivar-
dnili aivani“, „akakis landi“, „mas gaxelili darCa Tva-
lebi“, „rogor ebrZodnen zarebs zarebi“, „i.a.“, „sibere“,
„edgari mesamed“, „Sen da demoni“, „axali mosaxleoba“,
„TibaTve gavida“, „aragvi“, „saxli tyis pirad“, „damSvi-
dobeba“, „primitivi“, „Seni sadRegrZelo“, „cameti wlis
xar“, „lodTan“, „gviani ocneba“, „sanTeli“, „mfarveli
ialqnebi“, „nugeSi“, „auzisgan“, „mzadeba gasamgzavreblad“,
„ucnauri sasaxle“, „mamuli“, „mwuxareba Senze“, „Sen erTi
mainc“, „sizmrebi“, „me moval“, „locvisTvis“, „saswauls“,
„dro“, „mwolare“, „wm. giorgi“, „srolis xma mTaSi“, „Zveli
rveulidan“, „mzis Casvla“, „ramdenime dRe petrogradSi“,
„xelebi“, „gemi „dalandi“, „dabruneba“, „gzaSi“, „SiSi“,
„domino“.

es is wignia, romelSic moTavsebuli leqsebis mxolod

saTaurebis CamoTvlac sakmarisi aRmoCnda ramdenime ase-
uli poetis mosaklavad, es wigni, Semdeg wlebSi daweril
ramdenime aseul SedevrTan erTad, aris kidec am subi-
eqtis, romelic garkveul wreebSi „g. tabiZis“, „galaqti-
onis“, „galaktionis“, „galas“ saxeliT aris cnobili,
mTavarze mTavari danaSauli, romlis gamoc erovnuli
poeziis sasamarTlo procesze igi qarTvelma xalxma ar
daindo da mas sasjelis umaRlesi zoma, ukvdaveba miusaja.

205
interpretacia

Teimuraz doiaSvili

vardi
nawvimar silaSi

lirikuli siuJetis gamWoli Tema galaktion tabiZis

simbolistur SedevrSi `silaJvarde anu vardi silaSi~
Tumc leqsis pirvelsave strofSi Riadaa dasaxelebuli
(`Cemi cxovrebis gza~), magram Sinaarsobrivad gaidumale-
bulia metaforizebuli Sedarebebis mwkriviT, romelTa
Sorisaa saxe-enigma `nawvimar silaSi vardi~:

dedao RvTisav, mzeo mariam!

rogorc nawvimar silaSi vardi,
Cemi cxovrebis gza sizmaria
da Soreuli cis silaJvarde.

teqstis boloSi pirveli strofi ucvlelad meordeba

– iqmneba wriuli kompoziciis CarCo, romlis sivrceSic
TamaSdeba lirikuli personaJis sulieri cxovrebis dra-
ma, dramis realuri Tu warmosaxuli scenebi. amdenad, gan-
meorebadi, refrenuli strofi jer eqspoziciaa – liri-
kuli personaJis TviTwardgena wminda qalwulis winaSe,
xolo finalSi – sawyis viTarebasTan dabrunebis macne
konfliqturi peripetiebis Semdeg.

***
enigmuri saxe `silaSi vardi~ mkvlevarTagan dRemde
orgvarad aris aRqmuli. tropi, udideswilad, danaxulia
realobis konteqstSi, rogorc `mtvrian gzaze dacemuli
206
yvavili, romelsac brbos mier fexiT gaTelva moelis~
(burWulaZe 1985: 144).
arsebobs meore, gansxvavebuli xedvac – `silaSi var-
dis amosvla~, realurobisaTvis uCveulo da logikurad
gaumarTlebeli movlena, magram savsebiT bunebrivi da
damajerebeli mxatvruli pirobiTobis doneze (javeliZe
1982: 121).
pirveli Tvalsazrisis mravalricxovan momxreebs sa-
buTad moaqvT galaktionis gviandeli, sabWoTa periodis
gamouqveynebeli leqsi `silaSi vardi~, romelsac, – ro-
gorc Cans, saTauris gamo, – enigmuri saxis axsnad, tropis
avtoriseul komentarad miiCneven.
dasaxelebul leqsSi namdvilad aris naxsenebi yvavi-
li, romelic `mSobel buCqs TavisTavad moswyda da mtvri-
an gzaze daeca~, magram es simboluri yvavili, rogorc
ityvian, sul sxva dramidanaa. galaktioni aq alegori-
ulad gadmoscems bunebis nebieri yvavilis (poetis) ambavs,
romelic sabediswerod ascda Semoqmedebis wminda gzas da
cxovrebis mtversa da WuWySi aRmoCnda. poeti morCilad
elis zecis wyromas Tu brbosagan gaTelvas, rogorc sa-
zRaurs maRal mowodebasTan Tundac uneblie dacilebis
gamo.
es is mtkivneuli Temaa, romelic realurad awvalebda
axal droSi `massebis poetad~ saxecvlil galaktions da
romelsac araferi aqvs saerTo `silaJvardesTan~. saTa-
uri `silaSi vardi~ gviandeli teqstisaTvis, Cemi azriT,
erTdroulad Taviseburi aluziacaa da qronologiuri
markeric, romelic, erTi mxriv, mizanmimarTulad gvax-
senebs silaJvardis – idealis metrfe poets, meore mxriv
ki – socialistur sinamdvilesTan SeuTavsebel, `ide-
urad mavne~ Temas (brbosgan gaTelili poeti) e.w. Savbne-
li warsulisaken amisamarTebs.
enigmis konkretizaciis es cda, garda imisa, rom dama-
jerebeli araa, mcire garkveulobasac ki ver hmatebs Se-
darebis idumal Sinaarss; ufro piriqiT, radgan msgavse-
207
bis migneba mtvrian gzaze dacemul yvavilsa da `Soreuli
cis silaJvardes~ Soris, praqtikulad, SeuZlebelia.
aqve unda aRiniSnos erTi araordinaruli garemoeba.
enigmis garedan Semotanili SinaarsiT gaazrebis gamo
gamokvlevebSi, nebsiT Tu uneblieT, SedarebaTa rigi
isea interpretirebuli, TiTqos Sedarebis sagani – `cxov-
rebis gza~ poetis mier sinonimuri xatebiT ki ar iyos
ganmartebuli, aramed – dapirispirebuli, kontrastuli
saxeebiT. magaliTad, erTi mkvlevarTagani wers: `silaJ-
varde da vardi silaSi kontrastuli SinaarsiT dat-
virTuli mxatvruli saxeebia da ara sinonimuri wyvilis
Semadgeneli komponentebi~ (devdariani 2010: 80-81).
aseTi Sefasebis safuZvelze ganmazogadebeli dask-
vnac keTdeba: `aq erTmaneTis pirispir dgas ori mkveTrad
gansxvavebuli sinamdvile: silaJvarde – ocnebiT, po-
eturi fantaziiT warmosaxuli samyaro da nawvimar sila-
Si vardi – yofierebis biwiT Semusvrili suli. es silaSi
moqceuli is vardia, romelic usaxuri brbos gasaTela-
daa ganwiruli~ (iqve: 81).
vnaxoT konkretulad, ras ambobs leqsSi galaktioni da
ras miawers mas mkvlevari.
– [ise] rogorc nawvimar silaSi vardi, Cemi cxovrebis
gza aris sizmari da Soreuli cis silaJvarde, – gvauwyebs
simbolisti poeti.
– poetis cxovrebis gza [aris] rogorc nawvimar silaSi
vardi, [ise] sizmari da Soreuli cis silaJvarde, – gvim-
tkicebs interpretaciis avtori (iqve: 81).
gansxvaveba am or pozicias Soris mniSvnelovania da
arsebiTic: galaktioni Sesadarebeli saxeebis Sinagan,
idumal msgavsebaze migvaniSnebs, mkvlevari ki maT Soris
ararsebul kontrasts aRmoaCens, TiTqos silaJvarde da
silaSi vardi urTierTdapirispirebuli polusebi iyos.
zemoT ukve iTqva, rom arsebobs enigmuri saxis sxvag-
vari xedvac – silaSi amosuli vardi. saxe gaazrebulia,
rogorc SemoqmedebiTi nebiT Seqmnili pirobiToba, ro-
208
melic realurobis samzeridan alogikuria – silaSi vardi
ar amodis. SeuTavsebel sityva-cnebaTa (sila, vardi) oq-
simoronuli erToba, am Tvalsazrisis mixedviT, liriku-
li personaJis Sinagan winaaRmdegobaze, sulier gaoreba-
ze mianiSnebs, xolo kvlavac opoziciur wyvilad aRqmuli
silaSi vardi – silaJvarde yofierebis kontrastulobas
gamoxatavs (javeliZe 1982: 120, 122).
enigmuri saxis orgvari recefciis miuxedavad, Zneli
SesamCnevi araa, rom Sedarebis azrobrivi interpretaci-
isas orive xedvisaTvis amosavalia romantizmis funda-
menturi paradigma sinamdvilisa da idealis (ocnebis) da-
pirispirebulobis Sesaxeb. gansxvaveba mxolod imaSia, rom
yofierebis kontrastulobis ideas erTi realur-Sinaar-
sobriv planSive poulobs, xolo meore – gamosaxvis plan-
Si, saxis oqsimoronul formaSi.
yuradRebiT davakvirdeT leqsis pirvel strofs, ro-
melsac gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba aqvs rogorc sakuT-
riv enigmuri saxis, ise rTuli Sedarebisa da mTliani teq-
stis gagebisaTvis.
RvTismSoblisadmi mimarTvis Semdeg, riTac strofi
iwyeba, lirikuli personaJi miniSnebis xerxiT gadmog-
vcems im Sinagan mdgomareobas, romelSic igi imyofeba
aRsarebis Jams. simboloTa meSveobiT is axasiaTebs Tavi-
si idumali cxovrebis gzas da amzadebs fons im sulieri
dramisaTvis, rasac eZRvneba leqsi. strofis ganwyobile-
ba, marTalia, sevdiani da minorulia, magram aq jer ar
aris gamJRavnebuli daeWveba arCeuli gzis WeSmariteba-
Si. mTxrobeli, rogorc Cans, karga xania, gasulia miwieri
realobidan da mxolod sizmrebSi binadrobs.
enigma `nawvimar silaSi vardi~, romelic `cxovrebis
gzis~ erT-erTi msazRvrelia, Sedarebis struqturis
elementia. Sedarebis mxatvruli logikiT igi Sinaar-
sobrivad gaTanabrebul simboloTa mwkrivis wevria. amis
gamo `nawvimar silaSi vardi~ msgavsia/aris sizmari da
silaJvarde.
209
 simboloTa sinonimuroba leqsSi xazgasmulia ara mar-
to saxeobriv, aramed leqsikur da evfoniur doneebzec.
saxeTa leqsikur gaigivebaze metyvelebs saTaurSi
gatanil mTavar simboloebs Soris dasmuli maigivebeli
kavSiri `anu~ (`silaJvarde anu vardi silaSi~), agreTve,
sityvaTa sagangebo gadasma (ara silaSi vardi, aramed var-
di silaSi) evfoniuri Tanxmierebis dayruebisa da leq-
sikuri Sinaarsis win wamowevis mizniT.
dabolos, evfoniis doneze igiveobis Ria manifes-
taciaa e. w. saukunis riTma: silaSi vardi – silaJvarde.
gavixsenoT isic, rom simbolistebisaTvis sityvaTa
bgeriTi siaxlove maTi Sinagani, ezoterikuli kavSiris
gamovlenad iTvleboda.
amrigad, leqsis saTaurisa da pirveli strofis re-
alur-obieqturi monacemebiT, teqstSi gvaqvs ara kont-
rastuli, dapirispirebuli simboloebi, aramed msgavs/
igiveobriv/ sinonimur saxeTa rigi. aqedan gamomdinare,
enigmuri saxis idumali Sinaarsi amosacnobi da gasaaz-
rebelia ara klasikuri romantikuli antiTezis – sinam-
dvilisa da idealis (ocnebis) dapirispirebis konteqs-
tSi, aramed iseT konceptualur sivrceSi, sadac simbo-
loTa msgavseba-igiveobas damajerebeli axsna da gamar-
Tleba moeZebneba.

***
`silaJarde anu vardi silaSi~, tradiciulad, evan-
gelistur miTTan mimarTebiT ganixileba xolme (na-
kudaSvili 1995 da sxv.), rac TiTqos safuZvels moklebu-
li araa: lirikuli monologi, romelsac gulwrfeli
TviTgamoxatvis – aRsarebis/locvis forma aqvs, RvTis-
mSobels miemarTeba. amasTanave, teqstSi mravladaa nax-
senebi qristianobasTan asocirebuli sagnebi da cnebebi:
xatebi, salocavi karebi, sioni, olarebi, sulis sikvdili,
samoTxe, jojoxeTi, ziareba...

210
 `silaJvarde~, rogorc vTqviT, simbolisturi leq-
sia, amitom mas ori plani aqvs – realuri da irealuri.
sagnebi da cnebebi, aseve mTliani situaciac, romlebic
dakavSirebulia qristianul sarwmunoebasTan da pro-
ecirebulia evangelistur miTze, teqstis realur
plans qmnis. es realuri elementebi simbolisti poeti-
saTvis mxolod pirveladi masalaa. mTavaria maTi gar-
daqmna, gardasaxva, ris Sedegadac ibadeba meore – fa-
ruli, zerealuri plani. empiriul sagnebs, maT Soris
qristianobasTan dakavSirebul sagnebs da cnebebs, leq-
sSi uCndeba sxva, axali, `WeSmariti Sinaarsi~, romlis
amocnoba im SemTxvevaSi moxerxdeba, Tu mivagnebT sim-
bolicaziis wyaros – poetis mier gamoyenebul kon-
ceptualur sistemas. aseTi sistema ver iqneba evange-
listuri miTi, romelic realur plans ganmartavs da,
rac aranakleb arsebiTia, winaaRmdegobaSi modis kon-
kretul lirikul narativTan, teqstis monacemebTan.
`silaJvardeSi~ Tavidanve yuradRebas ipyrobs loc-
vis/aRsarebis uCveulo, travestiuli saxecvlileba. qar-
Tulma poeziam RvTismSoblisadmi aRvlenili araerTi
locva da aRsareba icis, gamsWvaluli sasoebiTa da si-
yvaruliT. aseTi leqsebi galaktionsac aqvs, magram `si-
laJvarde~ ver Tavsdeba tradiciis CarCoSi, radgan is arc
wmindanis ganmadidebeli sagalobelia da arc Sendobis
Txovna Semcodisagan. `locva karia codvilisaTvis sina-
nulisa~ (akaki), galaktionis lirikul aRsarebaSi ki sina-
nulis nacvlad dominanturia mxilebis paTosi, romelic
sakuTari sulis mCxrekel aRmsarebels ki ar warmoaCens,
aramed RvTismSoblis madlSi daeWvebul msxverplsa da
bralmdebels erTdroulad. mxilebis simZafriT `silaJ-
vardes~ mxolod nikoloz baraTaSvilis `sulo boroto~
Tu Seedreba, oRond im arsebiTi gansxvavebiT, rom bara-
TaSvili borot demons amxels, galaktioni ki... yovelTa
meox wminda qalwuls.
211
 Zalian moulodnelia da uCveulo RvTismSoblis mkveT-
rad negatiuri warmoCenac. braldebani wminda qalwuli-
sadmi leqsSi erT sabraldebo aqtad aris Sekruli (IV-VI
strofebi) da ironiuli elferic axlavs. Turme yov-
ladmowyale RvTismSobels, romelic, leqsis mixedviT,
mizezia ymawvili mgosnis tragediisa, SeuZlia datkbes
(`Sexede, dastkbi~!) misi tanjuli bediT, metic – maved-
rebeli sulis sikvdilis WvretiT: `suli vedrebiT gana-
ocebi/ Sens ferxTqveS kvdeba rogorc pepela~.
leqsis daskvniT nawilSi SesamCnevia agreTve pirdapi-
ri gadaxvevebic qristianuli konfesiis dogmebidan.
`silaJvardisTvis~ Zalian mniSvnelovania mxsnelis
molodinis motivi, romelic galaktionTan qals, wminda
qalwuls, RvTismSobels ukavSirdeba (`Sens molodinSi
asea yvela?~). aq poeti aSkarad Sordeba evangelistur
narativs, romlis Tanaxmad mesia anu mxsneli aris qriste,
xsnis misia macxovars ekisreba.
teqstis finalisaken mZafrad ismis samagieros mo-
Txovna: `sad aris CemTvis samagiero? / sabedniero sad
aris suli?~ lirikuli personaJi samagieros gardacva-
lebamde, sicocxleSive moiTxovs, maSin roca qristi-
anoba aRTqmul maradiul arsebobas, rogorc jildos
zneobrivi cxovrebisaTvis, morwmunes mxolod sikvdilis
Semdeg hpirdeba sulis ukvdavebis formiT.
faqtebi, romlebzec mivuTiTeT, gvkarnaxobs, rom da-
sadgenia is konceptualuri sistema, romelic galakti-
onisaTvis sinamdvilis gardasaxvis, simbolizaciis wya-
ro iyo, Cven ki teqstis dekodirebis gasaRebs mogvcems.
amis gareSe poeturi teqstis adekvaturi wakiTxva ver
moxerxdeba.

***
`silaJvardeSi~ ori gzaa dasaxelebuli: `Cemi cxovre-
bis gza~ da `bediT dawyevlili gza~. pirveli lirikuli
subieqtis mier arCeuli individualuri gzaa, meore –
212
aryofnis, sikvdilis, `ganadgurebis sevdiani gza~, ro-
gorc adamianTa gardauvali xvedri.
`gzis~ metafora arsebobas gaiazrebs, rogorc dro-
Si ganfenil process, xolo adamiani am gzaze Semdgari
mgzavria. rogorc mxatvruli koncepti, `gza~ msofl-
mxedvelobriv pozicias gamoxatavs, ramdenadac umniS-
vnelovanes problemas – sicocxlis/cxovrebis sazrisis
Ziebas ukavSirdeba da, amasTanave, gadajaWvulia sikvdi-
lis TemasTan.
asea es `silaJvardeSic~, romlis subieqti cdilobs
sikvdilis, rogorc bedisweris, damarcxebas, droiT da-
sazRvrulobis daZlevas da maradisobisaken gaWras. aqe-
dan gamomdinare, savaraudoa, rom leqsSi moniSnulia per-
sonaJis araordinaruli sulieri Ziebani, xolo simbolu-
ri semantikis sayrdenia `xsnis~ romeliRac koncefcia anu
`gza~, rogorc msoflmxedveloba da cxovrebis wesi, rom-
lis mimarT krizisis fazaSi myof lirikul gmirs skefsisi
gasCenia.
mgosnis `cxovrebis gza~ galaktionis leqsSi, rogorc
ukve viciT, sizmarTan da silaJvardesTan aris gaigive-
buli. sizmari realobisgan mowyvetis, araqauri arse-
bobis simboloa, xolo silaJvarde – `zenaarT samyofi~,
saiTkenac miiswrafvis cierebis mosurne, miwieri xvedris
uarmyofeli arseba. gasarkvevi isaa, ra esizmreba, ra Si-
naarsi aqvs mgosnis sizmrebs, vin an ra eguleba Soreuli
cis silaJvardeSi.
galaktioni erT leqsSi ambobs: `me vxedav sizmrebs ara
Tqveneburs~. marTlac, Jamidan Jamamde, rodesac poeti
sizmris fardas gadaswevs, aRmovaCenT, rom igi Wvrets
`Sor, ucxo qveyanas~, sadac ar arsebobs warmavalobis Si-
Si, `sadac edemi yvavis da sadac / veRarc Cawvdeba bneli
samare~. es uWknobi mSvenierebis is maradiuli saufloa,
romelsac amaod, magram sasoebiT daeZebs warmavalobis
sevdiT damZimebuli suli.
213
 poetis sizmrebSi `Sor, ucxo qveyanas~ mudmivad enac-
vleba saTno da lmobierad mzirali qalwulis landi, Ra-
meul zmanebaTa monawile, an mRelvare molodinis sagani.
qalwuli galaktionis lirikaSi Sori, idealuri qveynis
personificirebuli saxea, visac moelian da grZnoben da
visac zogjer konkretuli saxelic aqvs, magaliTad, be-
atriCe, laura, meri, `mze mariami~...
galaktionis lirikuli personaJis cxovreba sizmaria,
radgan sizmareulia sakuTari arsebobis aRqma (`da me var
ise – rogorc sizmari~), sizmaria zeciuri qalwulis mov-
linebani (`vina xar, vina, Cemo sizmaro~) da, bolos, sizmars
hgavs qalwulisa da mgosnis tragikuli daSorebac (`is
CamomSorda, rogorc sizmari/ auxdeneli da momxiblavi~).
lirikuli subieqtis sizmrebis wiaRSi, iq, saiTac misi
`cxovrebis gza~ miemarTeba, rogorc vxedavT, ori perso-
naJi ikveTeba – Tavad meocnebe mgosani (`me~) da zeciuri
qalwuli (`Sen~), romelTa Soris `ucnauri trfobis~ peri-
petiebis aRweras aTian wlebSi galaktionis araerTi leq-
si mieZRvna. es is ZiriTadi lirikuli narativia, romelic
sxvadasxva variaciiT meordeba.
`silaJvardeSi~ lirikuli `me~ uSualod warmogvid-
geba, rogorc RvTismSoblis moaje ymawvili mgosani,
xolo tropizebuli formiT – viTarca `gedi daWri-
li ocnebis baRiT~. maTi igiveoba leqsSi eWvs ar iwvevs
(`aha, movedi gedi daWrili...~). galaktioni aq uTuod an-
tikurobidan momdinare poetur tradicias agrZelebs,
romlis Tanaxmad gedi poetis simboloa. am simbolos
igi sxva leqsebSic xSirad mimarTavs (`da mec movkvde
simRerebSi tbis sevdian gedaT~; `epoqis gedi ocnebas
mReris gabediTebiT~...) da mas araviTari kavSiri ara aqvs
arc XIII saukunis minezingeris –Kkonrad vurcburgelis
romanTan `gedis raindi~ da arc aleqsandr blokis dra-
masTan `vardi da jvari~, ris damtkicebac surT (burWu-
laZe 1980: 106-115).
214
 tropi `gedi daWrili ocnebis baRiT~ Zalian xSirad,
TiTqmis ugamonaklisod, arasworad aris gagebuli, ro-
gorc ocnebiT daWrili gedi (`ocneba imdenad Seusabamo
da ganuxorcielebeli aRmoCnda, rom gangmira poetis
guli~). poeti gvesaubreba ara ocnebiT daWril, aramed
– ocnebis baRidan mosul daWril gedze. `ocnebis baRi~
xom is sizmareuli myudro savanea, sadac Tavs afarebs
poeti-gedi, ganTiadisas ki bediT dasazRvrul sivrces –
sinamdviles ubrundeba?!
logikurad ibadeba kiTxva: maS, ram miayena geds Wriloba?
sanam am kiTxvas vupasuxebT, saWiroa gairkves, ras gu-
lisxmobs lirikuli `me~-s aRmniSvneli meore tropize-
buli saxe – `RamenaTevi da namTvralevi~. igi leqsSi oTxg-
zis meordeba da, rogorc lirikuli siuJetis gamWol
refrens, gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba eniWeba mgosnis
cxovrebis idumali gzis Sesacnobad.

***
refrenuli tropi `RamenaTevi da namTvralevi~ mkvle-
varTagan bevrgvarad aris interpretirebuli. zogi mas
sulac pirdapiri mniSvnelobiT aRiqvams, rogorc per-
sonaJis bohemur cxovrebaze miniSnebas, sinonims codvi-
sa, romelic RvTismSoblis winaSe monaniebis sagania. am
dros, rogorc Cans, daviwyebulia, rom simbolo empiri-
uls zerealobis niSnad aqcevs, rom simbolisturi leqsi
ki ar asaxavs, aramed gardasaxavs sinamdviles.
refrenuli tropis gaazrebisas, upirveles yovlisa,
yuradRebas iqcevs sityvaTa gramatikuli forma. orive
sityva – RamenaTevic da namTvralevic – winaviTarebis
aRmniSvneli TavsarT-bolosarTiT (na-ev) aris nawarmo-
ebi. es imis mauwyebelia, rom im moments, saidanac iwyeba
lirikuli subieqtis e.w. aRsareba-amboxi, win uswrebda
RamisTevani da simTvrale/Troba.
vinc galaktion tabiZis simbolistur saxismetyvele-
baSi garkveulia, refrenul sityvebSi umal amoicnobs im
215
ganmeorebad simboloebs, romelTa garemoSic aRmocende-
ba lirikuli personaJis sizmareuli xilvebi: qalwulis
molodini SuaRamidan ganTiadamde, masTan warmosaxuli
Sexvedra-ganSorebani da siyvaruliT Troba...
Tavis droze axalgazrda galaktions `Ramis mgosani~
uwodes. Tavadac ambobs: `me movitane qveynad RameTa idu-
maleba~. am idumal RameTa mogoneba sicocxlis bolomde
gahyva poets: `da mxolod Rame, Rame inaxavs, / rac ganmic-
dia da rac minaxavs~.
ra gancdebsa da xilvebze, ra idumalebaze mianiSnebs
galaktioni, rac mxolod Ramis kuTvnilebaa da rasac Rame
inaxavs?
Rame/SuaRame is jadosnuri droa, rodesac poeti
grZneul dumilSi cidan wynar Zaxils ismens, roca `Ra-
mis usivrco sakurTxevelTan~ TamaSdeba qalwulTan
Seyris misteria. es aris Jami zeciuri gamocxadebisa,
romelmac `gamouTqmeli da mware aliT~ daswva misi su-
li, erTdroulad ganacdevina aramiwieri netarebac da
ganSorebis usasoo naRvelic. `Ramis sicxadeSi~ ganxor-
cielda saswauli – Sexeba `ar-aqaurTan~, arsebobis gar-
dasaxva samoTxed: `SenTvis samoTxed gadaiSleba Rame
uvnebo da uriJraJo~.
ase moixazeba galaktionis lirikaSi qalwulisadmi
Wabuki mgosnis `ucnauri trfobis~ siuJeti. es is xilvaa,
is ganmeorebadi sizmaria, `silaJvardis~ dasawyisSive
rom aris naxsenebi (`Cemi cxovrebis gza sizmaria~).
Ramis Tevas galaktionis leqsebSi, rogorc wesi, Tan
axlavs `Troba~, is, rac arapirdapir Cans `silaJvardis~
refrenul tropSic.
sityvebi mTvrali/Troba, sazogadod, iSviaTi araa ga-
laktionis leqsebSi. poeti mTvralia ara marto RviniT,
aramed surneliT, poeziiT, ocnebiT, cecxliT, TovliT
da a.S. magram arsebobs Trobis Tvisebrivad gansxvave-
buli, umaRlesi saxeobac – Troba `ucnauri trfobiT~!

216
 aq ukve droulia iTqvas, rom RamisTeva da Troba, ro-
gorc simboloebi, mTlianad Ramis ritualic, ar aris
empiriuli situaciis ubralo asaxva, Rvinis smiTa Tu sa-
survel qalTan siaxloviT aRZruli Trobis epizodi – es
mistikuri ritualia, Troba zeqveyniuri siyvaruliT, is,
rasac aleqsandr bloki `sulis bohemas~ uwodebda.*
Troba rom mistikuri siyvaruliT eqstazia, roca sas-
rulobis SegrZneba qreba, da ara Troba `RviniT an qaliT~,
cxadad Cans galaktionis araerTi leqsidan. rasakvirve-
lia, poetisaTvis RviniT swrafwarmavali simTvralec
kargad nacnobia (`xandaxan RviniT savse fialiT/ mokle
xniT gaTrobs ocnebaT zoli~) da ocnebiT xanmokle ga-
TiSvac (`tkbili ocneba dagwvavT, dagaTrobT... isic co-
ta xniT~), magram misi mudmivi mogonebis sagania `netar
wuTebiT mTvrali siymawvile~ – Jami zeqveyniuri trfo-
biT simTvralisa, `sxvisTvis uxilav-faruli~ zerealobis
Wvretisa.
ai, RamisTevisa da qalwulTan Sexvedris erTi scena:

darCi, RvTaebav! suls Ronemixdils

surs aRmadgenel ocnebad swamde,
darCi! msurs Cemi usazRvro vnebiT
viqancebode ganTiadamde.
(`axal ciskarTan~)

am striqonebs garkveulwilad erotikuli Seferilo-

ba axlavs, magram obieqtisadmi mimarTvis forma (`darCi,
RvTaebav!~), misi `aRmadgenel ocnebad~ dasaxva, an Tundac
gamoTqma `usazRvro vneba~ gamoricxavs satrfos saxis
sworxazovan, mxolod empiriul-grZnobad interpretaci-
as da sxva, farul Sresac gadaSlis.
lirikuli gmiris Rameuli kontaqtebi qalwulTan Tav-
daviwyebis is netari wuTebia, rodesac satrfos naz Cur-
Culsa da alersSi miwieri ganzomileba qreba – qalwuli

* `mistika sulis bohemaa~ (bloki 1965: 71).

217
ukve `sxva mxareebs~ ganasaxierebs, idealuri samyaros xa-
tia. amitomac Cndeba `Trobis~ metafora `sxva mxareebTan~
mimarTebiTac:

sxva mxareebi uxsovar xnidan

mawvalebs, maTrobs da mefereba.
(`dgeba Semodgoma~)

am striqonebSi `sxva mxareebzea~ uSualod gadatanili

is gancdebi Tu moqmedeba (wvaleba, Troba, mofereba),
rac, Cveulebriv, qalwuls ukavSirdeba da rac ufro me-
tad gvarwmunebs, rom lirikuli subieqtis ltolvis sa-
gani miwieri qali ki araa, aramed personificirebuli
mistikuri arseba – igive `sxva qveyana~.
vfiqrob, yuradRebis Rirsia erTi saintereso faqtic.
sityva `namTvralevi~ galaktionis poeziaSi, garda `si-
laJvardisa~, mxolod erTxel aris gamoyenebuli leqsSi
`cisferi~ (1923):

Zegli cisferi da namTvralevi

aimarTeba mSobliur mTebze!

am leqsSi, sadac poeti Tavs jvarze gakrul qristes

adarebs, Tavis saxels arqmevs saukunes (`da iSviaTad Tu
mobrwyindeba / sxva saukune galaktionis~) da sakuTari
grandiozuli Zeglis aRmarTvazec saubrobs, warmoudge-
nelia, rom `namTvralevi~, ubralod, memTvraleobis, bo-
hemuri cxovrebis aRmniSvneli saxe iyos, Tanac iseTi sa-
kulto simbolos gverdiT, rogoricaa `cisferi~ (`Zegli
cisferi da namTvralevi~). am konteqstSi `namTvralevic~,
cxadia, srulfasovani, Rrma azrobrivi Sinaarsis simbo-
loa: Tu `cisferi~ galaktionis sulier miswrafebas da
poeziis arss gadmoscems, `namTvralevi~ erT sityvaSi
kristalizebuli e.w. forgeSixtea, romelic, rogorc
warsulis did saidumlos, ise inaxavs mistikuri Trobisa
da eqstazis xsovnas.
218
 ***
erT adrindel leqsSi (`*** ar minda sityva~) Tavis li-
rikul gmirs galaktioni ase axasiaTebs:
me suli ar maqvs amqveyniuri,
Senze ocnebiT daiwva igi,
ganSorda sofels da Tu kvlav scocxlobs,
scocxlobs ise, viT trfobis tarigi.

am striqonebSi `silaJvardis~ ymawvili mgosnis daxa-

siaTebacaa, Tu, rasakvirvelia, `RamenaTevisa~ da `namT-
vralevis~ simbolur Sinaarss gaviTvaliswinebT: isic
xom miwierebas ganridebuli `trfobis tarigia~, romelic
`sabedniero sulis~ molodiniT, zeciur qalwulze –
`sxva qveyanaze~ ocnebiT cocxlobs...
galaktionis sizmareuli trfobis obieqti – qalwuli,
romelic `sxva qveynis~ simboloa, saxeobrivadac da saz-
risiTac STagonebulia miTiT sofias/ msoflio sulis/
maradqaluris Sesaxeb, romelic rusi moazrovnis, mis-
tikosisa da poetis – vladimir soloviovis (1853-1900)
saxels ukavSirdeba da mTavar miTopoetur interteq-
stad iqca umcrosi Taobis (a. beli, a. bloki...) simbo-
listebisaTvis.* Cemi azriT, swored vl. soloviovis yov-
liserTobis filosofia da miTopoeturi narativi so-
fiaze aris is konceptualuri sistema, romlis fargleb-
Sic xdeba `silaJvardis~ realuri planis, misi sagnobriv-
situaciuri garemos simbolizacia.
filosofiaSic da poeziaSic vl. soloviovi piradi
gamocdilebis safuZvelze** amtkicebda RvTaebrivi sibr-
* f. stepuni, avtori fundamenturi gamokvlevisa rusuli simbolizmis mis-
tikuri da mxatvruli Ziebebis Sesaxeb, wers: `literaturuli simbolizmis
poezia da poetika absoluturad SeuZlebeli iqneboda misi (vl. soloviovis
– T. d.) xelovnebis filosofiis, upirveles yovlisa, sofiaze moZRvrebisa da
siyvarulis filosofis gareSe~ (stepuni 2012: 111).
** vl. soloviovs mcire poemaSi `sami paemani~ poeturad aqvs aRwerili sami
mistikuri kontaqti maradqalurTan, romelic sxvadasxva dros umSvenieresi
qalwulis saxiT samgzis gamoecxada (soloviovi 1974: 125-132). soloviovis
es xilvebi a. bloks mistikuris arsebobis `utyuar mowmobad~ miaCnda (bloki
1971: 350).
219
Znis (transcendenturi inteleqtis) – sofias realur
arsebobas, masTan mistikuri kontaqtis SesaZleblobas
da Tanamimdevrulad nergavda maradqaluris, rogorc
mxsnelis, gamocxadebis rwmenas axlo momavalSi. kacob-
riobis istoriaSi es dasabams miscemda axal eras – du-
alizmis daZlevas, materialur da sulier sawyisTa Se-
erTebas – sinTezs, rogorc warmavalobis damarcxebisa
da maradisobis damkvidrebis mauwyebels.
cxovrebis wesi, romelic miniSnebulia `silaJvarde-
Si~ da ufro Riad da misawvdomad Cans galaktionis sxva
leqsebSi, – igulisxmeba: realobisgan gandgoma, `oc-
nebis baRSi~ gadasaxleba da ltolva silaJvardisaken;
asketuri cxovreba qalwulis molodinSi da masTan mis-
tikuri kontaqtiT gardaqmnis – xsnis rwmena, – gviCvenebs,
rom ymawvili mgosnis mier arCeuli gza is umaRlesi gzaa,
romelsac soloviovi RmerTkacebrivs uwodebda. es,
faqtobrivad, zeadamianis, RmerTadamianis individualu-
ri arCevania, romelic efuZneba rCeuli pirovnebis unars,
diadi miznis misaRwevad amaRldes Tavis Tavze, gada-
laxos sakuTari SezRuduloba, gamudmebiT eltvodes
srulyofilebas.
vladimir soloviovis mixedviT, adamianisaTvis, ro-
melic xatad RmrTisad aris Seqmnili, cxovrebis erTad-
erTi mizania Taviseburi Teozisi – Tavdapirvel, RvTa-
ebriv yovliserTobaSi dabruneba – sulier-sxeulebrivi
erTianobis aRdgena, rac miiRweva wminda sofiasadmi ze-
qveyniuri trfobiT. es mistikuri urTierTsiyvaruli
adamianisa da zeciurisa warmavals sulierebiT aRavsebs,
warmoqmnis ganuyofel kavSirs – ukvdav sulier sxeuls.
RmerTkacebrivi procesi, rogorc filosofosi da po-
eti ganmartavs, TavisiT ar aResruleba. igi mxolod RvTa-
ebrivi madlisa da adamianis sulier-fizikuri aqtivobis
– `RmerTkacebrivi gmirobis~ erTobliobiT miiRweva (so-
loviovi 1990: 619). amitomac saubrobs galaktioni leqsSi
`saidumlo~ mware Tavganwirvasa da wminda, moelvare su-
lis amowvaze...
220
 aq arc adgilia da arc saWiroeba vl. soloviovis rTu-
li filosofiur-poeturi koncefciis, kosmiuri miTis
miseuli, axali versiis vrclad gadmocemisa. vityvi mxo-
lod imas, rom samyaros triaduli ganviTarebis samsa-
fexuriani siuJetis personaJebi arian qaosi, kosmosi da
msoflio suli/maradqaluri, xolo arseboba qaosis da
kosmosis brZolaa msoflio sulisaTvis. maradqaluri an
danawevrebuli, qaoturi samyaros – materiis tyveobaSi
aRmoCndeba, an misi RvTaebrivi siyvaruli ganmsWvalavs da
SeaerTebs yovelive arsebuls, Seqmnis ganuyofel, harmo-
niul, uxrwnel yovliserTobas, RmerTkacobriobas.
`silaJvarde anu vardi silaSi~ soloviovis miTopo-
eturi siuJetis Zalze dramatul monakveTs gadagviSlis
– qalwulis gamocxadebis mRelvare molodins da daeW-
vebas, imedgacruebas aRTqmis Seusruleblobis gamo, rac
msoflmxedvelobrivi krizisis mizezi xdeba.
sizmareuli xilvebi da zecisaken, silaJvardisken mze-
ra, uxilavis Zieba da molodini galaktionis lirikuli
gmiris mudmivi sulieri mdgomareobaa. Tavisi `lodinis
simRerebs~ igi ucvleli erTgulebiT uZRvnis qalwuls,
romelsac yvelgan daeZebs, `rom uTxras sulis qenjna-wva-
leba~. molodinis grZnoba mtanjvelia (`velodebi naxul
saxes / da lodinSi vkvdebi, vkvdebi!~). es molodini awva-
lebs `silaJvardis~ ymawvil mgosansac da gasagebi xdeba,
ratom aqvs mas `wamebuli saxe~ da `daRlili xelebi~.*
* sityva `daRlili~ leqsSi kidev erTxel gvxvdeba SedarebaSi: `RamenaTevi da
namTvralevi / daRlil qaliviT mival xatebTan~. `daRlil qals~ mkvlevrebi
ukavSireben galaktionis monaTxrobs imaze, Tu rogor naxa man ganTiadis
Jams eklesiaSi monanie meZavi. amis Sesabamisad, saxes realuri STabeWdilebis
anareklad Tvlian.
Cemi azriT, galaktionis monaTxrobi im gviandel mistifikaciaTa rigs
ganekuTvneba, rodesac poetma Tavisi simbolisturi leqsebis e.w realis-
turi interpretaciebi daiwyo (amasTan dakavSirebiT ix.: doiaSvili 2012:
110). ymawvili kacis Sedareba qalTan `silaJvardeSi~ ara marto moulodne-
lia, aramed bundovani da aramotivirebulic. samagierod, msgavsi Tematikis
cnobil leqsSi `meri~ figurireben `lodiniT daRaluli qalebi~. irkveva,
rom qalTa daRlilobis mizezia lodini, lodiniT daRliloba – motivi, ro-
melic mgosans da qalebs saerTo aqvT. saxe unda momdinareobdes saxarebi-
seuli igavidan (maTe 25: 1-13). am Temaze galaktions leqsic aqvs dawerili
(`aTi qalwuli~).
221
 RamisTevis rituali, qalwulis molodini da misdami
siyvarulis amaRlebuli grZnoba erTian suraTs qmnis
leqsSi `saubari valsSi~:

ramdeni Rame miTevia Sens molodinSi,

cas varskvlavians Suqs matebda elvare mTvare...
Cemo RvTaebav, oh, vin daTvlis, Tu raodeni
molodinis da gulwrfelobis cremli davRvare [...]
Sen arsiT sCandi, magram CemTvis ucxo ar iyo
Seni Tvalebis idumali, wmida qveyana...

bolo striqonebi kidev erTxel gvidasturebs, rom

galaktionTan qalwuli (`RvTaeba~) `sxva mxareebis~ simbo-
loa da ara miwieri satrfo, xolo molodini xsnis molo-
dinia RmerTkacebriv gzaze Semdgari personaJisa.
radgan `silaJvardis~ miTopoeturi wyaro dadgenilia,
Zნeli aRaraa calkeuli saxeebis adekvaturi gaSifvra,
oRond mudmivad unda gvaxsovdes, rom isini ubralo me-
taforuli simboloebi ki ara, miTologizebuli simbo-
loebia, miTologemebia, romlebic poetur teqsts miTo-
poetur narativTan akavSireben.
mistikuri Trobidan gamofxizlebis Semdeg lirikuli
personaJisTvis iwyeba cxovrebis axali etapi – skepsisis
Casaxva mistikosis sulSi, rac sizmrebidan sinamdvileSi
dabrunebas aiZulebs. amitom gedi, igive mgosani ocnebis
baRiT ki ar aris daWrili, aramed sinamdviliT, sinamdvi-
lesTan SejaxebiT. realobaSi dabruneba iluzoruli
bednierebis – `ocnebis baRis~ gaqrobas da, Sesabamisad,
Rrma sulier Wrilobas iwvevs.*
sofiologiuri miTis konteqstSi sicxades iZens leq-
sis azrobrivi SinaarsisaTvis umniSvnelovanesi samagi-
eros motivic, romlis miRma molodinis konceptualuri
sazrisi ikiTxeba:
* aRsaniSnavia, rom leqsis erTaderT avtografSi saubaria bedisgan (anu
sinamdvilisgan) dakodil frTebis caxcaxze, xolo pirvel publikaciaSi,
ubralod, – daWril frTebze (tabiZe 2016: 217, 216).
222
 sad aris CemTvis samagiero?
sabedniero sad aris suli?
viT samoTxidan aligieri,
me jojoxeTiT var dafaruli!

damowmebuli strofi pasuxs iZleva imaze, Tu vis an ras

moeloda ymawvili mgosani, rogorc Tavisi RmerTkaceb-
rivi gzis, martviluri cxovrebis samagieros.
tanjuli arsebobis sazRauri, leqsis mixedviT, „sabed-
niero sulis“ mosvlaa, xolo ra saxis bednierebas eloda
mgosani, amaze dantes bedTan sakuTari xvedris Sepiris-
pireba mianiSnebs.
jojoxeTSi myof dantes mxsnelad RvTaebrivi satr-
fos – beatriCes aCrdili gamoecxada, romelmac igi ze-
ciur naTelSi aamaRla, amitom dante samoTxidan aris
dafaruli. beatriCesTan kontaqti, misi siaxlove Tavis-
Tavad sulieri ganaxlebis, „axali cxovrebis“ dawyebis
niSania.
dantesTan paraleli da gansxvaveba bedSi mowmobs, rom
ymawvili mgosanic Tavis beatriCes – netarebis, madlis
momniWebels eloda, romelsac miwieri jojoxeTi misTvis
samoTxed unda gadaeqcia, magram es, saubedurod, ar
moxda, ar axda molodini, rom maradqaluri miwaze da-
eSveboda da materialur arsebobas zeciuri cxovrebis
Sesabamisad gardaqmnida. amis Sedegad ymawvili mgosani
kvlavac warmavali sinamdvilis jojoxeTur, saZulvel
garemos daubrunda.
jojoxeTi (`inferno~) dantesTan usasoebis, ubedobis,
uimedobis sivrcea, amitom striqoni: `me jojoxeTiT var
dafaruli~ niSnavs absolutur imedgacruebas – empiriul
realobaSi CarCenas: RmerTkacebrivi Tavganwirva bedis-
weris/sikvdilis dasaZlevad amao msxverpli aRmoCnda.
beatriCe, romelic `silaJvardeSi~ uSualod ar aris
dasaxelebuli da mxolod igulisxmeba (`sabedniero su-
li~), sofiologiur poeziaSi, rogorc bednierebis mom-

223
tani, maradqaluris erT-erTi yvelaze gavrcelebuli sim-
boloa. am simbolos mravalSriani Sinaarsi sakmaod sru-
lad Cans galaktionis erT CanawerSi, sadac vkiTxulobT:
`...Sors, dausrulebel silaJvardeSi mosCans saTay-
vanebeli landi beatriCesi, mudmivad sasurveli da mu-
dam miuRweveli ideali, ciuri, RvTaebrivi silamaze,
haerovani, usxeulo landi Soreuli qalis, Seqmnili si-
naTlisa, alis da surnelebisagan, Rrubeli, ocneba, ange-
losTa qveynis anarekli~ (tabiZe 2008b: 148).
es TiTqmis amomwuravi daxasiaTebaa qalwulisa – zeci-
uri satrfosi, romelic simbolistur poeziaSi sxva ara-
erTi saxeliTac moixsenieba.
amrigad, `silaJvardis~ meore, simbolur-mistikur plan-
Si Sefarulia ukvdavebis maZiebeli ymawvili mgosnis kos-
miuri drama. mgosanma iwama xsnis RmerTkacebrivi gzis
arseboba, miwier sicocxleSive maradisobasTan ziare-
bis SesaZlebloba zeqveyniuri siyvarulis ZaliT; magram
aRTqma da molodini, rom maradqaluri ukve moabijebs
dedamiwaze, რომ iwyeba axali era da qalwulis mSveniere-
ba yovelives gaaerTianebs (soloviovi: `Знайте же: вечная
женственность ныне / В теле нетленном на землю идет… / Всё сов-
местит красота неземная~)*, ar gamarTlda. amis gamo mgosnis
gulSi mware imedgacrueba, skepsisi gaCnda, radgan siz-
mrebidan da Trobidan gamofxizlebuli ukvdavebis maZi-
ebeli isev materialuri samyaros sabediswero dasazR-
vrulobis – sikvdilis pirispir aRmoCnda (gavixsenoT: `me
gza ar vici uaxloesi: / erTaderTi gza aris sikvdili~).

***
araerTi wiaRsvlisa da miTopoeturi interteqstis
dadgenis Semdeg isev mivubrundeT pirvel strofs,
trops `Cemi cxovrebis gza sizmaria / da Soreuli cis si-
* „uwyodeT, maradqaluri uxrwneli sxeuliT ukve moabijebs dedamiwaze...
yvelafers SeiTavsebs aramiwieri mSveniereba“ (leqsidan `Das Ewig-Weibliche~
– `maradqaluri~).
224
laJvarde~. ras niSnavs sofiologiuri miTis konteqstSi,
upirvelesad, `Cemi cxovrebis gza sizmaria~?
cxovrebis sizmareulobis gancda galaktionis roman-
tikul-simbolisturi lirikis erT-erTi gamokveTili
Temaa (`qveynad yoveli dRe sizmaria / da sinamdvilec mi-
hyveba sizmars~). konceptualurad `Cemi cxovrebis gza
sizmaria~ TiTqmis igiveobrivia kalderonis cnobili
metaforisa `cxovreba sizmaria~ da, amave dros, realo-
bisadmi srul gaucxoebazec mianiSnebs (`me vdgevar, ro-
gorc tyve ucxoeTSi, / rogorc sizmarSi ucxo sizmari~).
`sizmarSi dgoma~ cnobierebaSi arsebobaa, rac realo-
bisgan Tavisuflebis iluzias qmnis da ganicdeba, rogorc
`WeSmariti cxovreba~. sizmari sarkmelia `sxva samyaroSi~
(vl. soloviovi), xolo ras uWvretda konkretulad ga-
laktioni am sarkmlidan, Cven ukve viciT. poetis sizm-
rebi mistikuri xilvebia, uxilav-farulis sacnauryofaa.
leqsSi `me moval~ lirikul subieqts `dedofalT gro-
vidan~ (goeTes `dedaTa mxaris~ analogi) moesmis `Zaxili
ucnobi, msubuqi, cismari~. es qalwulis, maradqaluris
Zaxilia, misi pasuxi adre dasmul kiTxvaze: `vina xar, vina,
Cemo sizmaro?~ da, amasTanave, dapirebac:

me moval da mraval yvavilebs movitan,

me moval, me moval, me moval – sizmari!

qalwuli sakuTar Tavs sizmars uwodebs, rac gvimxels

im saidumlos, rom maradqaluri da sizmari poetisTvis
sinonimebia, rom tropi `Cemi cxovrebis gza sizmaria~
niSnavs: Cemi cxovrebis gza aris maradqaluri – gza mi-
mavali maradqalurisaken.
lirikuli personaJis `cxovrebis gza~ aris ara marto
sizmari, aramed silaJvardec. `laJvardidan~ warmoebuli
es abstraqtuli saxeli romantikul-simbolisturi tra-
diciiT siwmindes, umankoebas, miuwvdomlobas aRniSnavs
da idealuri, ciuri arsebobis simboloa.
sayuradReboa, rom leqsSi saubaria ara ubralod
225
`laJvard caze~, aramed `cis silaJvardeze~. galaktioni
aq simbolisturi poetikisaTvis damaxasiaTebel xerxs
mimarTavs – sagnis Tvisebis substantivacias da abstra-
hirebas axdens da amiT, ase vTqvaT, ontologiur Zal-
mosilebas aniWebs `silaJvardes~, romelic, ubralod,
sagnis fers ki aRar gadmoscems, aramed – cierebis arss,
cierebis ideas. silaJvarde galaktionTan materialuris
(`sila~) sapirispiro polusia, romelsac mieltvis suli.
amitomacaa, rom ukvdavebis maZiebeli adamians `unda rom
suli ar miisilos~, ocnebobs, rom igi, suli, `silaJvar-
deSi miibrolos da miiminos~.
saTqmeli isRa gvrCeba, rom simbolistur poeziaSi,
romelic sofiologiur miTs mimarTavs, `silaJvarde~ ma-
radqaluris gavrcelebuli simboloa, qalwulis saarse-
bo garemo da atmosfero, misi yofiereba; rogorc vl. so-
loviovi ityoda, `Лазурь кругом, лазурь в душе моей~* (loski
2007: 117).
isic SemCneulia, rom sizmaric, rogorc idealTan miax-
loeba, rogorc lurji ocneba, galaktionTan TviTonac
lurj Seferilobas iRebs.
amrigad, aRmoCnda, rom orive simbolo – sizmaric da
silaJvardec erTi miTopoeturi sistemis elementebia;
igiveobrivi semantikisa da Seferilobis simboloebi er-
Toblivad migvaniSneben lirikuli personaJis cxovrebis
gansakuTrebul – RmerTkacebriv gzaze.
Sedarebis mxatvrul struqturaSi, romelic igiveoba-
msgavsebis principiT aris agebuli, `cxovrebis gza~ Se-
darebulia agreTve `nawvimar silaSi vardTan~. da radgan
es `cxovrebis gza~ sizmaricaa da silaJvardec, martivi
logikiT, enigmuri saxis axsnac, analogiurad, sofiolo-
giuri miTis sivrceSia saZiebeli.
adreve iTqva, rom Sedarebis komponentTa igiveoba
Tu msgavseba leqsSi sam doneze – saxeobriv, leqsikur

* `silaJvardea irgvliv, silaJvardea Cems sulSi~.

226
da evfoniur doneebze dasturdeba, amitom tropis
elementTa Soris kontrastulobis `aRmoCena~ poetis
nebas upirispirdeba. ai, erTi damatebiTi sabuTic amis
sailustraciod. leqsSi `vardebi~, kerZod, mis erT
variantSi, aris aseTi striqonebi:

Sen mSvenieri iyavi ise, rogorc Rimili mwuxris bageze,

rogorc nawvimar silaSi vardi – mainc siwminde da
sifaqize.

enigmuri saxe aq poetis mier ganmartebulia, rogorc

`siwminde da sifaqize~, amitom `silaSi vardi~ ar Se-
iZleba gaazrebul iqnes, rogorc mtverSi, – zogi ver-
siiT, talaxSi, – dacemuli, WuWyiT Selaxuli yvavili.
galaktionis mier aqcentirebuli niSnebiT (siwminde,
sifaqize), rogorc mosalodnelic iyo, enigmuri saxe
aSkarad konceptualuri sinonimia `sizmrisa~ da `silaJ-
vardisa~, magram amas ufro detaluri argumentireba
sWirdeba.
SeniSnaven, rom saanalizo tropSi SedarebiT nacno-
bi (`cxovrebis gza~) galaktionis mier ucnobi enigmiT
aris axsnili. erTi SexedviT, es TiTqos asecaa, mag-
ram unda gaviTvaliswinoT, rom `silaJvarde anu var-
di silaSi~, rogorc simbolisturi leqsi, gansakuT-
rebul – Tanamoazre, gandobil mkiTxvelze iyo orien-
tirebuli, visTvisac ucxo ar unda yofiliyo poetis
msoflmxedvelobriv-poetur warmodgenaTa sistema.
aqedan gamomdinare, am elitarul mkiTxvels ar unda gas-
Wirveboda enigmuri simbolos amocnoba, romelic vi-
zualuri xatis sicxadiT warmoaCenda vladimir solo-
viovis sofiologiuri moZRvrebis arss.
daviwyoT tropis konkretuli analiziT. oqsimoro-
nuli saxe `silaSi vardi~ Sedgeba ori komponentisagan,
romelTagan `sila~ danawevrebuli, uZravi, unayofo,
SeuRwevadi, `bneli da boroti~ materiis, usiyvarulobis
227
simboloa. rac Seexeba `vards~, igi mSvenierebisa da, maSa-
sadame, WeSmaritebis da sikeTis saxea, cierebis gamovlena
xrwnad miwaze. isini, vinc dapirispirebulTa erTobas
marT oden sinamdvilis poziciidan gaiazreben, oqsimo-
ronul formaSi mxolod romantikul antiTezas, sinamd-
vilisa da idealis SeuTavseblobas xedaven. magram oqsim-
oronul simbolos aqvs araempiriuli, idumali Sinaarsic:
igi poeturi xatia im gasulierebuli materiisa, romlis
Sesaxebac werda da winaswarmetyvelebda vladimir sol-
oviovi.
cnobil naSromSi `mSveniereba bunebaSi~ vl. soloviovi
msjelobs mcenareTa klasze, yvavilebze da wers: `mcena-
re aris pirveli da namdvili cocxali xorcSesxma ci-
uri sawyisisa miwaze, miwieri stiqiis pirveli namdvili
gardasaxva~ (soloviovi 1990: 374). misi xatovani TqmiT,
mcenare, yvavili, uxmod gardaqmnili, zecisken mdumared
daZruli miwaa, romelic Tavis arss xiluli mSveniere-
biT gamoxatavs da es xiluli mSveniereba mcenarisaTvis
arsebobis miRweuli mizania.
Tu am zogad azrs Cveni enigmis mimarT davakonkre-
tebT, maSin `silaSi vardi~ aris pirvelsaxe, simbolo
dapirispirebul sawyisTa sinTezisa, maTi gardaqmnisa
ganuyofel, organul erTobad srulyofili mSveniere-
bis formaSi. amasTanave, es tevadi simbolo Tavis TavSi
atarebs samyaros, bunebis ganviTarebis sazrissac –
moZraobas mSvenierebisaken da ukvdavebis maZiebeli ada-
mianis ltolvasac RmerTkacebrivi srulyofisaken.
dapirispirebulTa sinTezis idea vl. soloviovis yov-
liserTobis filosofiis mTavari idea iyo, romlis gan-
xorcielebas igi maradqalurs, samyarosa da adamianebi-
sadmi misi zeqveyniuri siyvarulis Zalas ukavSirebda.
kontaqti qalwulTan niSnavda samyaros mistikuri arsis
Secnobas, misi globaluri gardaqmnis, gadarCenis idum-
al procesSi pirovnul monawileobas, rasac sxvadasxva
aspeqtiT da met-naklebi sisruliT gadmoscemda sofi-
ologiuri orientaciis simbolisturi poezia.
228
 qalwulisagan momdinare madli, rogorc sinTezis ze-
gardmo mizezi, `silaJvardeSi~ saxeobrivad gadmoce-
mulia epiTetiT `nawvimari~. wvima unayofo silas mSve-
nierebis SaravandiT mosavs – aRmoacenebs vards, rogorc
axali, uxrwneli materiis pirvelsaxes.
`silaSi vardi~, Sedarebis farglebsa da sofiologiuri
miTis konteqstSi, Tavisi idumali semantikiT msgavsia `si-
laJvardisa~, amitom Cndeba varaudi, rom silaSi amosuli
vardi, SesaZloa, laJvardisferi, cisferi vardia anu no-
valisis yvavilia.
galaktionis leqsebSi naxsenebia rogorc cisferi
yvavili, ise misi sinonimuri novalisis yvavilic. orive si-
laJvardiT nasazrdoebi `trfobis wminda yvavilia~, sxva
realobis aRmniSvneli yvavilebi.*
novalisis sakulto romanis – `hainrix fon ofterdin-
genis~ dasawyisSi aris CvenTvis saintereso aseTi pasaJi:
`ase mgonia, dRemde sizmari iyo Cemi cxovreba, an TiTqos
sadRac sxva qveyanaSi gadaxvewils amdevnebia es zmanebebi.
me rom vcxovrobdi im samyaroSi aba, vis hqonda yvavilebis
dardi!~ (novalisi 1989: 39)
es sityvebi `silaJvardesTan~ mimarTebiT, albaT, komen-
tars ar saWiroebs. novalisis gmiri am `sxva qveyanaSi~ cis-
feri yvavilis Zebnas iwyebs, xolo galaktionis personaJi
ucxo da Soreuli napiridan yvavilebs elis, romelTa mo-
tanas `idumal ZaxiliT~ dahpirda qalwuli.
vardis ciur warmomavlobaze metyvelebs poetis gvian-
deli leqsi `samSoblo~, romlis avtografSi aseTi retro-
speqtuli xilvaa:

mivende Cems beds mwoli gulaRma,

Cems zeviT isev igi laJvardi,

* yvavilis cierebis ideasTan kavSiris sailustraciod sakmarisia gavix-

senoT, rom vardi RvTismSoblis sayovelTaod cnobili simboloa, xolo
soloviovis mixedviT, `maradiul megobars~ – qalwuls oqrovan laJvardSi
xelT araqauri qveynebis yvavili upyria (soloviovi 1974: 126).
229
 da mSvenierma ciurma baRma
kvlav saocari gaSala vardi.

`saocari vardi~, laJvardisa da ciuri baRis binadari,

igive `cisferi vardia~, romlis Sesaxeb galaktioni erT-
gan ambobs: `mwyuroda cisferi vardebi~ (`es iyo TxuTmeti
wlis winaT~).
cisferi vardi/novalisis yvavili sofiologiur poe-
ziaSic figurirebs da sakuTriv vl. soloviovTanac. igi
RvTaebrivi sofias, msoflio sulis, maradqaluris poet-
uri xatia da uxrwnel yofierebas ganasaxierebs.
ai, blokis gardacvalebisadmi miZRvnili striqonebi
galaktionis leqsidan `aRar aris menestreli~:
iyo irgvliv zianeba
da yornebis Cxavili,
Tovlma silas mianeba
novalisis yvavili.

aq metaforizebul saxeSi, mesame-meoTxe taepebSi,

CvenTvis saintereso orive elementia – silac da yvavil-
ic, oRond am SemTxvevaSi, `silaJvardis~ sapirispirod,
materiis gasulierebis, sinTezis aqti ki ar xorcield-
eba, tragikuli viTarebis Sesabamisad, sinTezis nayofs –
novalisis yvavils `zianeba~ da `sila~ – qaosi da materia
imorCilebs.
amrigad, `nawvimar silaSi vardi~, rogorc mSvenierebaSi
Seqmnili axali, uxrwneli yofierebis simbolo, emblema-
turi xatis gamomsaxvelobiT sacnauryofs vladimir so-
loviovis sinTezis koncefcias, materiad da sulad gaTi-
Suli dualisturi samyaros swrafvas gaerTianebisaken
maradqaluris/siyvarulis ZaliT.
maradqaluri aris xidi (`pontifex~) miwasa da cas Soris
(paimani 2002: 221-222), xolo sofiologiuri miTis avtors,
sruliad damsaxurebulad, `genialur gamaerTianebels~,
`xidebis Seudarebel arqiteqtors~ uwodeben (stepuni
2012: 46).
230
 is, Tu ramdenad axlosaa galaktionis `nawvimar silaSi
vardi~ vl. soloviovis sinTezis koncefciasTan, Cans da
igrZnoba filosofosis cnobili striqonebidan:

Свет из тьмы. Над черной глыбой

Вознестися не могли бы
Лики роз твоих,
Если б в сумрачное лоно
Не впивался погруженный
Темный корень их.
(soloviovi 1974: 92)

is, visac aq poeti mimarTavs, maradqaluria, zeciuri

satrfo, xolo strofis azri isaa, rom wyvdiadidan sinaT-
le ver daibadeboda, Sav lodebze ver aRimarTeboda
RvTaebrivi vardis saxebani, qalwulis madliT vardis bne-
li fesvebi rom ar ewafebodnen miwis (materiis) wiaRs. aq
swored RvTaebrivis da materialuris is kontaqtia, rom-
lis Sedegadac bneli qaosidan amoizrdeba mSvenierebis
uxrwneli sxeuli, rogorc sinTezis Sedegi anu – vardi
nawvimar silaSi.
vladimir soloviovis cnobil naSromSi `platonis
cxovrebis drama~ (1898), romelmac uzarmazari roli Seas-
rula axalgazrda aleqsandr blokis SemoqmedebiTi mrwam-
sis formirebaSi, aris erTi pasaJi, sadac filosofosi,
garda wyvdiadis sinaTled da miwis vardebad gardasax-
visa, poeturi xatovanebiT saubrobs platonis Rvawlze,
romelmac, – yuradReba miaqcieT! – erotikuli silidan
(Эротический ил), misi sulis CaTrevas rom cdilobda, amo-
zarda brwyinvale da sufTa yvavili Tavisi erotikuli
Teoriisa (цветок эротической теории), anu moZRvreba maRal,
sufTa, idealur siyvarulze – platonur siyvarulze (so-
loviovi 1990: 610).
erotikis, sxeulis, bneli materiis wiaRidan amosuli
mSveniereba – silidan amozrdili yvavili (vl. soloviovi)
– `nawvimar silaSi vardi~ (galaktioni)!
231
 am ori simboluri xatis saxeobriv-konceptualuri ka-
vSiri piradad CemTvis saeWvo araa, sruliad cxadia da
aSkara.
vladimir soloviovis sinTezis koncefcia galaktio-
nis mier garkveul periodSi aRqmuli iyo, rogorc mis-
tikosis profetul xilvebze dafuZnebuli WeSmariteba,
rogorc romantizmis dualisturi paradigmis daZlevis
gza. filosofosis optimisturi esqatologia, romelic
samyaros arcTu Soreul momavals Seexeboda, did molo-
dinsa da imedebs aRZravda. am mistikur-utopiur Teorias,
cxadia, axdena ar ewera, es ki mTeli Taobis imedgacruebi-
sa da skepticizmis mizezi gaxda. ymawvili mgosnis arCeuli
RmerTkacebrivi gza iseTive sizmareuli, miuwvdomeli da
efemeruli aRmoCnda, rogorc warmosaxvaSi konstruire-
buli, irealuri xati – vardi nawvimar silaSi.

***
olia okujavasadmi gagzavnil werilSi, romelic ori-
sami wliT uswrebs `silaJvardis~ Seqmnas, galaktioni
Tavis sulier mdgomareobas ase gadmoscems: `mSvenieri
cxovreba me ocnebaSi ganvicade... ocnebisa da sizmrebis
dro wavida~ (tabiZe 2008g: 17). aq daaxloebiT igive azri da
gancdaa gamJRavnebuli, rac poeturad, faqizi lirikuli
aqcentebiT aris gamoxatuli `silaJvardeSi~. miuxedavad
amisa, gaZneldeba mtkiceba, rom leqsi maincdamainc avto-
ris realur, konkretul-pirovnul grZnobebs exmaureba.
`silaJvardeSi~, rogorc simbolistur leqsSi, Cven
winaSea ara individi, persona, aramed miTologizebul
garemoSi moqceuli depersonalizebuli lirikuli gmiri
miTologizebuli grZnobebiT. igi konstruirebulia so-
fiologiuri miTis Sesabamisad da yoveli sagani, cneba,
saxe Tu situaciac am miTis SuamavlobiT avlens Tavis da-
farul mniSvnelobas. ase mJRavndeba, rom ganTiadi, rom-
lis mosvlaSi lirikul personaJs eWvi Sehparvia (`da Tu
rogorme isev gaTenda~), oden Ramis dRiT Secvla ki araa,
232
aramed mzesTan – maradqalurTan (`vardisfer megobar-
Tan~) Sexvedris molodini (`ramdeni Rame gamiTevia, /
mzis amosvlisTvis rom Semexeda~). aseve, sionSi Sesvla,
RvTismSoblis winaSe wardgoma da sxivi taZarSi – metaist-
oriul dro-sivrcul lokusSi gadanacvlebaa da zeciuri
naTelis – maradqaluris gamocxadeba (`SemoiWreba sionSi
sxivi~)... am gziT xdeba mTlianobaSi qristianuli saxisme-
tyvelebiTi masalis simbolizacia sofiologiuri narati-
vis konteqstSi, ris Sedegadac leqsis siuJeti, ubralod,
vinme mgosnis `ambavs~ ki ar gviambobs, SemoTavazebuli
lirikuli samyaros arss gadagviSlis.
aq sagangebod unda SevCerdeT RvTismSoblis saxeze,
romelic simbolistur poeziaSi qristianizebuli sim-
boloa maradqalurisa. miwieri siyvarulis idealizacia
RvTismSoblisadmi asketuri trfobis formiT, misdami
rainduli msaxurebis idea, rac gavrcelebuli iyo USua
saukuneebis poeziaSi, simbolistTa Soris popularo-
biT sargeblobda. wminda qalwulis simbolos galak-
tionma pirvelad 1912 wels mimarTa leqsSi `Ave Maria~ da
RvTismSoblis saxe, rogorc idealuris ganxorcieleba
realur cxovrebaSi, sofiologiur warmodgenaTa siste-
mas daukavSira (`iyo dro da Sen qveynad iyavi / mag ganu-
sazRvrel mSvenierebiT~).
maradqaluris mimarTeba RvTismSobelTan simbolis-
ti poetebis (viaC. ivanovi, a. beli. a. bloki) interesisa
da gansjis sagani iyo. msgavsad wminda mariamisa, marad-
qaluri aris samyaros mfarveli angelozi, sxivosani
arseba, `mziT Semosili qalwuli~ – `Дева облаченная в
солнце~ (vl. soloviovi; Sdr.: galaktioni – `mze-mari-
ami~), romelic yovelive arsebuls icavs qaosSi gada-
vardnisagan/codvisagan, raTa daabrunos igi RvTaebriv
yovliserTobaSi. amitomac miewereba galaktionTan wmin-
da qalwuls iseTi fundamenturi sofiologiuri niSa-
ni, rogoricaa yovlismomcveloba (`masSi yvelaa, rasac
daRlili/ adamiani qveynad eZiebs~).
233
 arsebobs argumentirebuli azric, rom sofias koncep-
tisa da poeturi xatis formirebisas vl. soloviovi STa-
gonebuli iyo RvTismSoblis saxiT, rasac daemata dantes
beatriCes Strixebi da goeTes maradqaluridan momdinare
ganazrebani.*
sofiologiuri miTis safuZvelia zeqveyniuri siyvar-
uli, romlis WeSmariti mizania mkvdari, materialuri
bunebis gasuliereba da adamianis sxeulebrivi arsebobis
gaukvdaveba. `silaJvardeSi~ siyvarulis motivi, marTa-
lia, aqcentirebuli araa, magram Sefarulad igulisxmeba
Tundac RvTismSoblisadmi trfobis motivis analogiiT
Sua saukuneebis poeziaSi. RvTismSobeli `silaJvardeSi~
gaigivebulia qalwulTan anu maradqalurTan da amdenad,
leqsi ymawvili mgosnis gulis gadaxsnaa zeciuri satrfos
winaSe. mxolod am konteqstSi, satrfialo intimis piro-
biTobaSi, SeiZleba aixsnas RvTismSoblisadmi imgvari
damokidebuleba, romelic gadis religiuri reglamen-
taciidan, magram SeTavsebadia satrfialo urTierTobis
eTikasa da etiketTan.
aqve isic unda iTqvas, rom winaaRmdegobani `silaJvard-
is~ teqstsa da evangelistur miTs Soris, razec adre iyo
saubari, sofiologiuri miTis konteqstSi aRar arsebobs,
qreba: erTi rom, RvTismSoblisgan gansxvavebiT, maradqa-
lurs miniWebuli aqvs mxsnelis misia; amave dros, misganve
modis aRTqma warmavalis maradiulad gardaqmnisa ara
qristianuli sulis gaukvdavebis, aramed dapirispirebul
sawyisTa sinTezis gziT.
`silaJvardis~ mZafri skepticizmi moulodnelobas ar
warmoadgens galaktionis lirikuli gmiris sulieri gan-
viTarebis gzaze. sinamdviliT moklul grZnobaze, `oc-
nebis damarxvaze~ igi ufro adrec saubrobda (`sanam Sors
iyav~), xolo kidev erT winmswreb leqsSi `sinanuli~ mkaf-
iod ismis `aryofil bednierebasTan~ – zeciur satrfos-
Tan gamoTxovebis motivi.
* vl. soloviovis sofias zogi mkvlevari dantes beatriCes rusul versias
uwodebs (helemani 2010).
234
 `silaJvardesTan~ TematikiT da ganwyobilebiT Zalian
axlosaa leqsi `is CamomSorda~:

maSin me getyvi, rom mohkvda guli,

rom sizmariviT gahqra yoveli,
rom Cems warsulSi ar veZeb axals
da siyvarulSic xsnas ar moveli!

am striqonebSi, arsebiTad, yvelaferia: koncefciis

monaxazi, saxe-simboloebi, `silaJvardis~ intonaciuri
vibraciac ki...
ras unda ganicdides ymawvili mgosani, romelic qal-
wulis mtanjvel molodinSi `samagieros~ gareSe darCa?
warmavalobasTan pirispir mdgomi, igi uars ambobs zi-
arebaze, qalwulis xsenebaze, rac realur planSi amboxia
RvTismSoblis winaaRmdeg, xolo simbolur planSi – Su-
risZieba zeciur satrfoze,* radgan sabediswerod gadae-
keta silaJvardisken mimavali RmerTkacebrivi gza. am-
ieridan erTaderTi gza mxolod samarisken midis, saiTac
miaqaneben kidec ymawvil mgosans swrafi cxenebi.
leqsis bolo monakveTi, VIII-IX strofebi, TiTqos per-
sonaJis sruli morCilebis manifestaciaa bedisweris
gardauvalobis winaSe, mauwyebeli sinamdvilis/sikvdi-
lis triumfisa. am mxriv saeWvoc araferi iqneboda, rom
ara erTi angariSgasawevi garemoeba. TavSive iTqva, rom
`silaJvarde anu vardi silaSi~ wriuli kompoziciis Car-
CoSi moqceuli leqsia – daskvniTi, refrenuli strofi
lirikuli monologis sawyis momentTan gvabrunebs. mag-
ram davakvirdeT, ra xdeba CarCos SigniT, monologis
ZiriTad nawilSi.

* adre galaktionis momakvdavi lirikuli gmiri, mojadoebuli qalwulis

mSvenierebiT, sruliad sapirispiro survils gamoTqvamda (`momakvdavi~,
1914): `momiaxlovdi, Cemo nugeSo, / ukanasknelad momeci xeli. / ukanasknelad
mesmodes Seni / zeqveyniuri, ukvdavi xmebi, / rom Tavze madge gansvenebis Jams
/ viT angelozi sulis mimRebi~.
235
 leqsis II-IX strofebSi, sadac naCvenebia personaJis
sulis moZraoba imedidan imedgacruebamde, mistikuri
eqstazidan gamofxizlebamde, ocnebis baRidan samaremde,
Txroba awmyodan myoobadSi gadainacvlebs – mTlianad
warmosaxul planSi gadadis. SemoRameba da ganTiadis
molodini, sionSi Sesvla da vrceli aRmsareblobiTi pasa-
Ji, romelic qalwulTan konfliqts da umZafres gancdebs
gadmoscems, mxolod da mxolod warmosaxvaSi xdeba, erT-
gvari winaswarWvretaa momavlis dramatuli movlenebisa.
amaze miuTiTebs zmnaTa mTeli wyeba, romelTac myoobadis
gageba aqvT: SemoiRamebs, Tu gaTenda, moval, miveyrdnobi,
SemoiWreba, aaelvarebs da a.S. am dakvirvebis safuZvelze
dabejiTebiT SeiZleba iTqvas, rom `silaJvarde anu vardi
silaSi~ momavlis profetul Wvretaze orientirebuli
anticipaciuri lirikis nimuSia, Tumca warsulze retro-
speqtul miniSnebebsac iTavsebs da introspeqciiT mop-
ovebul daskvnebsac.
leqsis wriuli kompozicia, lirikuli moqmedebis gan-
viTarebis pirobiTi sqema (awmyo – myoobadSi gasvla – aw-
myoSi dabruneba) Seicavs mniSvnelovan araverbalur in-
formacias, rom, miuxedavad sulis siRrmeSi gaCenili skep-
sisisa, zeciuri satrfosadmi dakarguli ndobisa da crem-
liani amboxisa, sasowarkveTilebis ufskrulsa Sina myofi
gedi-mgosani jer isev rCeba `ocnebis baRSi~, sizmareul-
laJvardovani arsebobis sivrceSi, RmerTkacebrivi gzisa
da maradqaluris xiblSi, rogorc misi erTguli raindi.
mgosnis cxovreba kvlavac nawvimar silaSi amosul vards
hgavs, radgan ver Selevia ocnebas sinTezze, `sayovelTao
bednierebis gazafxulze~ – ukvdavebaze, mSvenierebaSi So-
bil uxrwnel, maradiul samyaroze.

236
 damowmebani:

bloki 1968: Блок А. Записные книжки. Москва́: 1965.

bloki 1971: Блок А. Собрание сочинений в 6 томах. т. 5. Москва́: издательство
`правда~, 1971.
burWulaZe 1980: burWulaZe r. mxolod integralebi. Tbilisi: gamom-
cemloba `merani~, 1980.
burWulaZe 1985: burWulaZe r. saWiroa meti sinaTle! Jurn. mnaTobi,
1985, №6.
devdariani 2010: devdariani r. `daWrili gedis tragedia~. wignSi: wer-
ilebi. quTaisi: 2010.
doiaSvili 2012: doiaSvili T. `igi Tanamgzavri, xSirad meCveneba~.
kreb. galaktionologia, VI. Tbilisi: 2012.
losski 2007: Лосский Н. История русской философии. Москва́: 2007.
nakudaSvili 1995: nakudaSvili n. `silaJvarde anu vardi silaSi~. kreb.
leqsi, mxolod erTi leqsi. Tbilisi: gamomcemloba `mecniereba~, 1995.
novalisi 1989: novalisi. hainrix fon ofterdingeni. Tbilisi: gamom-
cemloba `nakaduli~, 1989.
paimani 2002: Пайман А. История русского символизма. Москва́: издательство
`Лаком-книга~, 2002.
soloviovi 1974: Соловьев В. Стихотворения и шуточные пьесы. Ленинград: 1974.
soloviovi 1990: Соловьев В. Сочинения в 2-х томах. т. 2. Москва: издательство
`Мысл~, 1990.
stepuni 2012: Степун Ф. Мистическое мировидение. Пять образов русского сим-
волизма. Санкт-Петербург: издательство `Владимир Даль~, 2012.
tabiZe 2008a: tabiZe g. saarqivo gamocema ocdaxuT wignad, w. XV. Tbili-
si: gamomcemloba `literaturis matiane~, 2008.
tabiZe 2008b: tabiZe g. saarqivo gamocema ocdaxuT wignad, w. XXIII.
Tbilisi: gamomcemloba `literaturis matiane~, 2008.
tabiZe 2008g: tabiZe g. saarqivo gamocema ocdaxuT wignad, w. XXIV.
Tbilisi: gamomcemloba `literaturis matiane~, 2008.
tabiZe 2016: tabiZe g. Txzulebani TxuTmet tomad. t. II. Tbilisi: 2016.
javeliZe 1982: javeliZe e. galaktionis erTi leqsis interpretaci-
isaTvis. Jurn. mnaTobi, 1982, №11.
helemani 2010: Helleman Wendy. Solovyov’s Sophia as a Nineteenth-Century Russian
Appropriation of Dante’s Beatrice. Lewiston: The Edwin Mellen Press, 2010.

237
Tema da variacia

rostom CxeiZe

landuri samefo da isrebi qarSi

landad aRiqvamda akaki wereTels galaktion tabiZe da

landadve dasaxavda – gaasimbolovebda, ganazogadebda da
poeziasa da mis ukvdavebas SeuTanabrebda, im maradiul
wrebrunvas, rasac fridrix nicSe axlebur filosofiur-
esTetikur sazriss mianiWebda da RmerTdakarguli epo-
qis saburvelSi gaxvevda.
es epoqa, misi tragikuli Sinaarsi, unda gamoerRvia
akakisac da misi megzurobiT: galaktionsa da poeziis mdi-
narebas – da SenarCunebuliyo is mTavari ZarRvi da su-
liskveTeba mxatvruli azrovnebisa, rac kvlavindeburad
rusTveluri SaravandiT iqneboda ganaTebuli.
poetebisaTvis, didTaTvisa Tu pataraTaTvis, niSan-
doblivia SegrZneba, rom: yvelaferi axla iwyeba, uSualod
maTi xeliT.
magram galaktionisaTvis imTaviTve, SemoqmedebiTi
gzis dasawyisSive ucxo iqneboda es gancda da swrafvadac
da mizandasaxulebadac im mrwamss amjobinebda, winamor-
bedebTan, winaprebTan uaRresi siaxloviT rom ganimsWva-
leboda, mxatvruli memkvidreobis gagrZelebis natvriTa
da JiniT.
Tanac ara faruli gadaZaxilebiT, aramed saxelTa xse-
nebasac, maT magiasac gansakuTrebul mniSvnelobas mi-
aniWebda da... xSirad amitomac iqrolebdnen mis lirikul
warmosaxvebSi poetTa saxelebic, iseve rogorc perso-
naJebisa, romelnic galaktions arc ganerCeoda realur
pirTagan – literaturuli personaJi iseTive realuri

238
gaxldaT mis TvalTaxedvaSi, da egeb ufro metadac ki,
rogorc maTive Semoqmedi.
amitomacaa, rom vera da veRar amogvicnia, is `viRac
mesame~, romelic orTa Soris unda SemoiWras maxinji sa-
xiT (`edgari mesamed~), vin SeiZleba iyos – RmerTdakar-
gul sinamdvileSi moboriale poeti Tu mis koSmarul
CvenebaTa personifikacia, gnebavs yorans miamgvane da
gnebavs – adamians.
landad aRiqvamda da landadve saxavdao...
ra akakis da ra sxvebs, Tund ilia WavWavaZesa da vaJa-
fSavelas, akakisTan erTad wminda samebad rom unda
Seracxuliyvnen mis mzeraSi, rakiRa am Zvirfasi safla-
vebiTac Sevsebuliyo panTeoni mTawmindisa, da gamWvirva-
led migvaniSnebda maT molandebas im striqoniTac: wa-
vidnen landebi meore, mesameo (`sizmrebi~) – `meore~
akakis rom gulisxmobda da `mesame~ – vaJas, zedized rom
gamoTxovebodnen sawuTros `pirvelis~ – anu epoqis da-
mamTavrebeli ilias – tragikuli aRsasrulis Semdgom.
da mainc:
yvelaze xSirad unda etriala galaktionur fiqrebsa
da xilvebSi akakis lands, maRalsa da mwuxares, jer kidev
im wuTidan rom amoCndeboda mis warmosaxvaSi, rogorc ki
akakis gardacvalebas Seityobda da 1915 wlis 26 ianvars
gamoiglovda da... arc gamoiglovda, radganac leqss `aka-
kis gardacvalebis gamo~ refrenad gamohyveboda: ar mom-
kvdara, arao!..
da ai:
rom samSoblom misi landi mtkiced Seiyvarao.
zedve rom unda mohyoloda kidev erTi leqsi, saTaur-
Sive gacxadebuli am xatiT: `akakis landi~.
aramarto mwuxare, daRlilic unda yofiliyo landi
akakisa, TmaWaRarac, sanTlebiT momavalic, da garSemo-
myofT, vinc am gamocxadebas ixilavda, unda ecadaT sim-
yudrove ar daerRviaT misTvis, ufro zustad da ganzoga-
debulad: misteriis RvTaebriv mdumarebaSi uneblieTac
239
ar SeWriliyo amqveyniuri xmebi da ar darRveuliyo raRac
diadi harmonia samyarosi, RvTaebrivTan uSualo ziare-
bis SegrZneba.
am gadmosaxedidan mwuxarebaSi Zaldautaneblad iWre-
boda imedovneba, dardi imsWvaleboda faruli sixaruli-
Ta da im axlis molodiniT, romelic samyaroul wrebrun-
vaSi unda CarTuliyo: rogorc axalTaxalic da Zvelis
ganmeorebac erTsa da imave dros.

oh! aseTia dRes gansacdeli

da ar dagvtovebs poeti oblad,
rom ar aanTos isev sanTeli
daviwyebuli xatis maxloblad.
iqneba CvenTvis, iqneba CvenSi,
iqneba CvenTan marad da marad!

ufro meti imedovneba da rwmenac raRa SeiZleba iyos:

iqneba CvenTvis,
iqneba CvenSi,
iqneba CvenTan marad da marado!..

mainc ra gziTa da saSualebiT?

ra gziTa da saSualebiT da:
Cveni sizmrebis sidiadeSi da Cveni fiqrebis lurj
niavqarad.
sizmareuli xedvis gareSe, mistikuris suls rom Seg-
vagrZnobinebs, anki rogor gavikvlevdiT bilikebs mwu-
xare da maRali landisaken, sworedac lurj niavqarad
rom unda daefinos aw ukve Cvens fiqrebsac – galaktio-
nis megzurobis wyalobiT – da marTlac aRar mogvakl-
deba madli da Suqi usityvo misi, poetis maRliT anTeba,
da galaktionis kvalobaze kidec gavimeorebT da gavime-
orebT locvad: kurTxeul iyos, kurTxeul iyos, kurTxe-
ul iyos es molandebao...
landad aRiqvamda da landadve saxavdao...
240
 galaktionisaTvis akakis monumenturi saxeba unda gai-
giveboda qveynis cxovrebis Tanamdev lands, oTar Cxe-
iZisaTvis ki – TviTon galaktionis monumenturi saxeba
unda gasimbolovebuliyo landad da gamohyoloda `lan-
debis~ siuJetis mdinarebas mistikur fonad, romanSi
sxva landebic rom unda aborialebuliyvnen, magram yvela
is gamosxiveba sabolood mainc galaktionis lands Serwy-
moda da SenivToda.
landuri samyaro erTianad ganmsWvalavda `landebis~
poetikas, Tavis droze landur samyaros rom unda ganem-
sWvala TaviT bolomde poetika lirikuli saxarebisa `Ta-
vis qala artistuli yvavilebiT~, da esec misi mxatvruli
Taviseburebaa, Semoqmedni da personaJebi erT ganzomi-
lebaSi rom moeqceodnen da galaktionisaTvis niSandob-
liv wign-mTlianobas (Teimuraz doiaSvili) gadaavseb-
dnen mwignobruli aluzia-asociaciebiT, Tanamedrove
terminologia interteqstualobad rom moixseniebs da
raRac Rirseba hgoniaT Txzulebisa es interteqstualo-
ba, arada: arc Rirsebaa da arc nakli, cxadia, Tavisebure-
baa, mxolod da mxolod Tavisebureba, – xan xelovnurad
gamoyenebuli da zedapirze momabezreblad motivtive,
da xanac siRrmiseulad, Rrmadintimuri bunebismierobiT,
namdvili klasikuri ubraloebiT, risi qrestomaTiuli
nimuSic galaktionis es meore poeturi krebulia.
sul xsenebani.
sul miniSnebani, zogjer iolad amosacnobi, zogjerac
Zalze Znelad amosaxsneli, magram am mxatvrul samyaroSi
CanTqmis Semdgom ukve Zaldautaneblad misakvlevi, da
rac mTavaria – odnavi zedmetobac ar igrZnoba arsad,
yvela da yvelaferi erTmaneTsac rom exmianeba da xels
uwyobs poeturi qaragmebis gaxsnas.
galaktioni zedmetad miiCnevda komentarebis darTva-
sa da pirvelwyaroTa miTiTebas, rogorc ramdenime wlis
Semdgom moiqceoda tomas sternz elioti, `berwi miwa~
meore publikaciisas sagangebod rom Seivseboda pirvel-
241
wyaroTa miTiTebebiT, oRond es ar moxdeboda am poemis
pirvelive publikaciisas – mxolod meored gamoqveynebi-
sas unda daesaWiroebina anglo-amerikel poets komenta-
rebis darTva, rogorc modernizmis saxarebad Seracxili
poemis aw ukve ganuyreli nawilisa.
SesaZloa Semdgom galaktionic aseve moqceuliyo, sxva
romc araferi, `berwi miwis~ gacnobas ebiZgebina misT-
visac pirvelwyaroTa Semosatanad am wigni-mTlianobis
ganuyofel nawilad, magram sazogadoebriv-politikuri
cvlileba saqarTvelos cxovrebaSi da yofis mdinarebis
arabunebrivi gziT warmarTva saSualebas aRar miscemda
mxatvrul-esTetikuri TvalTaxedviTa da interesebiT
mohkideboda Tavis poetur namoRvawars da mTel sicocx-
les gaatarebda ara gamocemaTa srulqmnilebis ZiebaSi,
aramed – Tavisi namdvili poeturi bunebis miCqmalvasa da
leqsebisa da maTi daweris TariRebis gadakeTeba-gadmo-
keTebaSi: politikuri koniunqturis Targze.
amitomacaa, rom sabWoTa epoqis dasruleba sul sxvag-
varad warmogviCenda galaktionis poetur memkvidreoba-
sac da rogorc TviTon poetis, ise mis calkeul lirikul
nimuSTa biografiebsac.
namdvili STamagonebeli sawyisebi xSirad unda mimalu-
liyo, gadaSliliyo, Soreulze Soreul anarekladRa dar-
Ceniliyo da xan isic ara, raTa Cekistur kritikas gaZne-
leboda kvalis Zieba da migneba.
Tund:
rodesac gaecnobodi leqss `poezia upirveles yovli-
sa~, rogor unda mixvedriliyavi, rom mas Tavdapirvelad
SeiZleba rqmeoda... `gvardia~ da or sxva leqsTan – `pirvel
Tavelebs~ da `Tvals nazi da mTvareuli~ – erTad gamo-
qveynebuliyo saxalxo gvardiis Seqmnis sami wlisTavis
aRsaniSnavad!..
saamiso kvali – aramcTu xelSesaxebi, uaRresad faru-
lad miniSnebulic ki – arsad moCanda?
242
 magram moiZiebdi 1920 wlis gazeT `erTobas~ da... uec-
rad waawydebodi am striqonebsac: da gvardia miyvars,
masTan naxevar gzad daRlili arvis ar vunaxivaro.
anda:
waikiTxavdi lirikul nimuSs `mzeo TibaTvisa~ da mas-
Tan erTad galaktionis dRiuris Canawers: me olia am leq-
siT gavacile ruseTso, – da sul sxvagvarad warmogidge-
boda misi Sinaarsi, vidre mas mere, rac aRmoCndeboda misi
pirveli publikacia, saTauriT `1920~ da gairkveoda, rom
swored am wels Seqmniliyo da ara 1916-Si, rogorc gal-
aktioni lamobda TariRTa Senacvlebas, Tan ase iwyebo-
da: mzeo-RvTismSobelo, mzeo-nebieroo, – da ori iseTi
strofiTac Sevsebuliyo pirvelnabeWdSi:

dae nu mowydeba bages amooxvra,

Tvalebs nu mowydeba cremli uecari,
sxvad nu Seicvleba misi mimooxvra
miT, rom saukune dadga umecari.
amas gevedrebi, drois SeCveneba
sikvdils ucxoeTSi me nu gamagonebs.
igi, Tanamgzavri, xSirad meCveneba,
igi, mwuxareba, xSirad damaRonebs...

galaktioni saswrafod rom daisaWiroebda maT amoS-

las, rogorc marTlac SemcvelTa axali, postrevoluci-
uri drois negatiuri daxasiaTebisa, rakiRa: mkiTxvelis
Tvalwin gadaiSleboda ara Jami ganaxlebisa – diadi revo-
lucia, romelsac xalxisaTvis nanatri Tavisufleba unda
moetana, aramed `saSineli xana~ – saukune umecari, rode-
sac `drois SeCveneba~ socialuri Tanasworobis saxeliT
fizikurad da sulierad anadgurebda adamianebs.
da ra gasakviria, rom Secvlili viTarebis kvalobaze
`RvTismSobelic~ mzis metaforiT daSifruliyo.
Teimuraz doiaSvili rodesac am leqss detalurad
CauRrmavdeboda, gaixsenebda poetis mcdelobebs – mizan-
243
mimarTulad Sedgomoda Tavisi egreTwodebuli dekaden-
tur-simbolisturi leqsebis realistur interpretire-
bas. da ase aRmoCndeboda, rom:
`me da Rame~ revoluciur saidumlos faravda: viTom da
TiTqos.
`mTawmindis mTvare~ cxovrebis zRvaze aRzrdili su-
lis monologi gaxldaT: TiTqosda.
`meri~ realuri qalis, freilina meri ServaSiZisadmi
siyvarulis anarekls warmoadgenda: viTomda.
xolo `lurja cxenebi~ – samecniero Temaze daweril
realistur leqss: saidan sadao.
da am Zaldatanebis fonze bunebrivia, rom:
Tu ara dRiuris Canaweris TariRi – 1921 wlis maisi
– `mzeo TibaTvisas~ realisturi fesvebis moSiSvlebac
amave rigis movlenad CaiTvleboda.
magram yovelmxrivi kvleva gauTvalsaCinoebda galak-
tionologiis, rogorc disciplinis, damfuZnebels, rom
poetis mistifikacias am kerZo SemTxvevaSi – garda poli-
tikuri koniunqturis gaTvaliswinebisa – SemoqmedebiTi
da pirovnuli motivebic moepoveboda.
dRiuris im CanawerSi rom guls askdeboda:
mRalatoben megobrebi, mRalatoben naTesavebi, mRa-
latobs sazogadod bedi, miRalata oliamac da mTel Cems
cxovrebaSi es aris yvelaze usastikesi Ralatio.
sxva CanaweriT aki Tavis motyuebas lamobda, TiTqos
leqsi olias gacilebiT aRZrul SeSfoTebas gamoxatav-
da, raTa ocnebis, poeziis sivrce mainc darCeniliyo
SeubRalavi.
da mkvlevarma es gancda Tu mcdeloba unda axsnas im
fsiqologiuri sawyisiT:
– galaktionis namdvili cxovreba xom mxolod am war-
mosaxul, idealur sivrceSi miedineboda.
amitomac dasaxldeboda misi poeturi samyaro
landebiTac.
244
 amitomac mogvevlinebodnen literaturuli persona-
Jebic realur pirebad, realuri pirebi personaJebs rom
daemsgavsebodnen, radganac amas moiTxovda simbolistu-
ri poetika zogadad da galaktionis poeturi natura da
sulieri wyoba kerZod.
da amitomac qreboda realisturi detalebi misi
leqsebis gadamuSavebisas da yovelive ifareboda im sa-
burveliT, yofiT suraTebs pirwmindad rom Slida da
tovebda martoden gancdebsa da ganwyobilebebs, da ma-
Tac mistikuri elferiT SemosilT.
landad aRiqvamda da landadve saxavdao...
oRond landi Tavdapirvelad mainc inarCunebda yofiT
realobasTan kavSirs, rodesac galaktioni aTqmevinebda
wuTisofels sazRvrebs gadacilebul akakis: vin aris
Cemi didi memkvidre, vin aris Rirsi, waiRos qnario?
magram Turme amaod unda mouwodebdes.
memkvidre Rirsi arsaiT Candes.
da unda dahkidos Tavi moxucma da mware fiqriT
danaRvliandes.
magram TiTqosda moxucis uecar fiqrze eqvsi mgosani
unda warsdges win nela.
maT – rogorc mTebis mZlavri arwivi – win unda mo-
uZRodeT vaJa-fSavela.
Semdeg aleqsandre abaSelsa da sandro SanSiaSvils
ucxo da tkbili xelT epyraT qnari.
da ioseb griSaSvilisac gaismas xmebi.
da varlam ruxaZemac darekos zari.
da darekos zari iq giorgi quCiSvilmac.
da kidec cad aRapyros yvelam xelebi, da maSin erT did
da xmovan qnars daemgvanon Cveni rCeuli parnaselebi.

vin ar igrZnobda im sanatrel dros,

rom yvela Tavis mgosanTan aris,
rom yvela erTad Rirsia erTi
daumonebel akakis qnaris.

245
 odnav gamoarCevda parnaselTa saerTo ferxulidan
vaJa-fSavelas: mTebis mZlavri arwivio... win mouZRviTo,
– magram isec ara, martoka dasWideboda akakis qnars...
da ager – xuTi poetic unda amodgomoda gverdiT, rom
ar gawbilebuliyo maSindeliviT, ai maSindeliviT, siy-
mawvileSi gogoTuris mier kopalas salocavSi amotanil
lods rom ejajgureboda da awydeboda amaod..
xuTi Tu?..
TiTqos sxva arc aravin igulisxmeba, narTauladac ara-
vinaa miniSnebuli, miTumetes ise cxadliv, galaktioni
mogvianebiT poetTa rCeul xuTeuls rom Seadgenda qar-
Tuli literaturis mTels mdinarebaSi: sami wertili
yoveli strofis bolos da sariTmod SerCeuli i o n i
TavisTavad iwvevda mexuTe rCeulis saxelis asociacias:
SoTas, ilias, akakis, vaJas gverdiT galaktionis xsenebis
aucileblobasac.
axla ki ra xdeboda? saamisod TiTqos arc araferi –
gana ra migvaniSnebda, rom galaktions parnaselTa Soris
kidev erTi poeti SeiZleba CaeTqva, an raRa `erTi~: Tavisi
Tavi?
ra migvaniSnebda da... eqvsi TviTonve miiswrafis Svi-
disaken, rCeuli, sakraluri cifrisaken, sakralurobas ki
moiTxovs akakis saxeli da misi qnaris uCveulo Zalmosi-
leba-jadosnuroba.
ase rom:
akakis qnaris amzidavni eqvsni ki ara, Svidni arian – meS-
vided galaktioni rom CaSifrula striqonsa da striqons
Sua.
es is droa, rodesac galaktions savsebiT akmayofileb-
da am SvideulSi yofnac, mere ukve es artaxebi Zalian da
Zalian rom eviwroeboda da... ra erTi monakveTi Cveni li-
teraturisa, romeli erTi monakveTi, mTlad mis istori-
aSi daibevebda adgils, Tanac xuTeulSi, TavisTvis guneba-
Si sameulic rom darwmunebiT moeniSna Tavis samyofelad.

246
 SoTa rusTvelsac uTuod datovebda mis mier Sedge-
nil reiting-listSi.
da akaki wereTelsac.
vaJa-fSavelaze imdroindel Sexedulebas gadaafaseb-
da da mkveTradac gadaafasebda, rakiRa varlam ruxaZisa
Tu giorgi quCiSvilis gverdiT ki aRar miuCenda adgils
– da arc aleqsandre abaSelis, sandro SanSiaSvilisa Tu
ioseb griSaSvilis – aramed ager sadamde azidavda, yvela
drois xuT qarTvel poetTa xuTeulSic igulisxmebda,
magram... rkali Tu daviwrovdeboda, iqidan veRarc SoTas
amoagdebda da veRarc akakis, Tavis Tavs xom vera da vera...
da isev iliasa da vaJas unda Seleoda.
wavidnen landebi meore, mesameo...
pirveli da mesame landi ise grandiozulad veRar
SemorCeboda galaktionis TvalTaxedvas, meore lands
rom miaCerdeboda gansakuTrebuli krZalviTa da mowi-
webiT, gansakuTrebuli aRtacebiTa da TayvanebiT, lands
– maRalsa da mwuxares...
da esecaa:
am eqvseulma – da maTTan erTad meSvidemac – erTad
rom unda aswios daumonebeli akakis qnari, garda poeturi
niWierebisa igulisxmeba, rom yvela es poeti akakis mxat-
vrul-esTetikuri skolis warmomadgenelia, sxvadasxva
mxriv rom daadgebodnen TavianTi didi winamorbedis mier
gakvalul Tu moniSnul gza-bilikebs.
da am literaturuli skolis warmomadgenlad gvev-
lineba vaJa-fSavelac.
is Sexeduleba, rom vaJa amozrdilia akakis mxatvruli
samyarodan, dResdReobiT sul ufro mtkiced mkvidrdeba
Cvens literaturismcodneobaSi (Tund: daviT werediani
da Tqveni mona-morCili). arada es Tvalsazrisi jer kidev
rodis gamoeTqva galaktions – poeturad, miniSnebiT, mag-
ram kanTielad, masalebiT SevsebaRa rom esaWiroeboda
sruli damajerebloba-damtkicebisaTvis.

247
 vaJa mTlad Tavis rangSi ver warmogvidgeba `akakis
landis~ mixedviT?
mTavari amjerad isaa, akakis poeturi skolis warmomad-
genlad rom gvisaxavs galaktioni, Tanac gamoarCevs dan-
arCenTagan, mere sulac rom mowyvetda im rkals da ufro
maRal ganzomilebaSi gadaiyvanda.
`artistuli yvavilebis~ versiaSi aRar gadahyveboda
`akakis lands~ es pasaJi-CamonaTvali, magram ganzogadebis
miRma galaktionis warmosaxvaSi swored parnaselTa es
eqvseuli – meSvide TviTon – rom Camalula, ager dokumen-
turad dasturdeba.
aseve dokumenturad dasturdeba Zvirfasi samebis vi-
naobac: ilias cremlebis, akakis xanjlisa da vaJas garda-
sul dReebze wamebis gaxsenebiT, – mogviano xanis versiaSi
leqsi Tamaris daSlili Tmis Savi giSeriT rom iwyeboda
da SoTa rusTvelis, besik gabaSvilisa da nikoloz bara-
TaSvilis saxebanic Cndeboda, `artistuli yvavilebis~
versiaSi ki es xuTstrofiani leqsi or strofamde Sekve-
ciliyo da `dro~ darqmeoda, pirvel striqonSi `Tamari~
Secvliliyo... `aziiT~: aziis daSlili Tmis Savi giSerio,
– da baraTaSviliseuli merani galaktioniseuli lurja
cxenebiT, rusTvelis saxeli ki Canacvlebuliyo striqo-
nis: ros Suqad mSobliur cas SeeSenebio, – gadaZaxiliT
`vefxistyaosnidan~: baRi SeRma SeraSendao.
galaktionis Semoqmedebis Semswavleli centris mier
momzadebuli TxuTmettomeulis meore tomis (1915-1920
wlebis poetur nimuSebs rom moicavs), komentarSi iqve
isic aRniSnulia, rom:
poeti, rogorc naTlis sveti, romelic mSobliur cas
SeeSeneba, ukavSirdeba svetis simbolikas akakisa (`xatis
win~) da vaJas (`cxovrebam ar Samibrala~) leqsebSi.
rarig Semalula miniSnebani, saguldagulo Zieba rom
esaWiroeba gadaZaxilTa mikvlevas, interteqstualuri
Cakirkiteba da gaxsna im idumali SeTamaSebebisa, ga-
laktionis gonebaSi rom trialebda da Tavis sulier
248
brZmedSi atarebda wakiTxuls, raTa sruliad axleburad
aemetyvelebina.
`dros~ am Tavdapirvel versias, yovelive pirdapir rom
gacxadebuliyo, `prologi~ daerqmeoda da ivaraudeboda
momdevno, mesame poeturi krebulis gamxsnelad, krebu-
lisa, romlis saxelwodebac – `isrebi qarSi~ – swored am
leqsidan SerCeuliyo:

SeRamda. me waval iq, sadac sizmrebi

wignebSi dardoben momxibvlel TvalebiT,
hangebi dahqroden viT qarSi isrebi
da suli TeTrdeba naTelis cvalebiT.

gaxsniliyo saTauris metaforac: qarSi isrebi Seda-

reboda hangebis qrolas – winamorbedebisac, ufro maTi,
cxadia, romelTac CamoTvlida, da Tavisic, maTganac bev-
ri ram rom Seewova da Tavis sulier quraSi gamovlili ax-
leburad gardaesaxa wignebSi dadardianebuli sizmrebis
wyalobiT, im jadosnuri xidisa, RvTaebrivi saidumlo-
ebisaken rom unda gaekvala gza misTvisac, da kidec gaTeT-
reboda suli naTelis cvalebiT.
xelSesaxebad moCans yvelas mzeraSi qars ayolili
isrebi?
galaktionisaTvis aranakleb xelSesaxebad moCanda
qars ayolili hangebi, mkiTxvelisTvisac sacnauri rom
Seiqneboda maTi mravalferovnebac da Zalmosilebac
galaktionis poetur krebulTa SemweobiT, yovelgvari
hangi rom moisinjeboda, yovelgvari forma, da ritmisa
da metris am nairferadobiTac da amouwuraobiTac
daamaxsovrebda Tavs mkiTxvels mis wignebTan yoveli
Sexvedra.
ar eRirseboda samzeo am ganzraxul krebuls, es sa-
xelwodebac sadRac rom Caikargeboda, Tumc metaforad
yovelTvisac SeiZleba moviSvelioT, rogorc dasturi
klasikur poeziasTan galaktionis ziarebisac da Sore-
249
Tidan Tu siaxlovidan daZruli xmebis gadayvanisac axal
registrsa da ganzomilebaSi.
xolo qarSi isrebi suls rom aTeTrebdnen naTelis
cvalebiT, sikvdili locvebis naTeliT azRaprebda, da
gazRaprebac SemaSvelebeli xdeboda sizmrebisaTvis, ra-
Ta rac SeiZleba Sors SegeRwia RvTaebrivi saidumloebis
wiaRSi da hangebis TrTolac niuansobrivad SegegrZno.
amitomacaa `zRapari~ da `sizmari~ ase Zaldautaneb-
lad rom gadaejaWveboda erTmaneTs `pirimzis~ im
strofSi: cekvavs samefod naqargi qoSi da xelsaxocTa
qrian zRaprebi da meZaxian mSvid samefoSi mTebi, sizmrebi
da winaprebio.
niuansobrivad SegegrZnoo...
da rogorme amogekiTxa is naweri, im grZel pergamen-
tze rom aRbeWdiliyo, angelozs rom epyra xelT, rodesac
mwuxare TvalebiT miwas dahyurebda.
naweri – gaJRenTili ritmuli landebiT.
naweric ki – Turme ager landebiT gaJRenTiliyo, da
miTumetes – naweri rasac gvicxadebda – landur sinam-
dviles, imqveyniuridan amqveyniurSi gadmosaxlebulsa da
maT SemaerTebels.
da landebs sasaxleSi mxolod maSin elodi, rodesac
saubari edgar poze Camovardeboda (`saubari edgarze~).
da landebad TeTr sarkeze Cndebodnen saxemkrTa-
li Suazeli, estargezi da TviT dedofali (`mariam
antuaneta~).
da am wignis furclebSi dahqroda misi sasaxlis landi
(`Rrublebi oqros amurebiT~).
da ase neloba zafxulis velis da qariSxalTa civi
mSveneba wvavda, ros goiasa da botiCelis sxvadasxva lan-
di moeCveneboda (`paraleli~).
da saxlis karTan umoZraod mdgomare landebs icavda
sibnele, SeeWveba da mdumareba (`micvalebulis xsovna~).
da misTvis ucxo gaxldaT siTeTris rkali da naTeli-
viT aSkara – iudas saxe, kaenis landi da Rameebis Savi gu-
guni... (`rogor ebrZodnen zarebs zarebi~).
250
 da sjeroda: vinme ganTiadamde ismenda am oxvras da
mware gminvas, kioda... daeZebda naTesav landebs da yvelas
eZina, eZina... oh! eZina (`primitivi~).
da cvioda lurji faruli, mogoneba faruli, farTan
landi faruli da baRebi nazdeboda (`ucnauri sasaxle~).
da gaSlida vels neli niavi da elandeboda mis wiaR-
Si moxuci mama, sasxlaviT xelSi rom dadioda venaxSi
(`mamuli~).
da ros kiTxulobda poetebs – edgar posa da anri
renies – da landebi Cqarobdnen ocnebebis kideze da ver
warmoedgina bedniersa da mSveniers ca ufro umaRlesi,
ca ufro udidesi (`mwolare~).
da daedevneboda bavSvebs sizmarSi es mogonebis landi,
sanTeli (`srolis xma mTaSi~).
da gaxsenebebis mosZaxoda mtanjveli landi (`gemi
`dalandi~).
da landiviT hqonda nanaxi beWdis TvalSi molebi: mo-
texili zafxuli da oxvris parolebi (`domino~).
xolo van-deikis landebiviT rom mwvandeboda Rame
(`marmalilo~), amas sagangebo axsna dasWirdeboda, raki-
Ra: galaktionis striqoni ar ukavSirdeboda flamandi-
eli mxatvris ferweras, romelsac saerTo araferi gaaC-
nda landebisa da Ramis stilistikasTan.
da ai irakli kenWoSvilis ganmartebiT:
am SemTxvevaSi anton van deiki sinonimia didi ferwe-
ris, `landebiviT mwvandeba Rame~ ki axlosaa simbolistur
ferwerasTan, romlisTvisac ucxo araa landebis motivi
da Tamami ferebi.
van deiks gaasimbolovebda da TviTonve moaqcevda
landebis samefoSi, da ukve aRar gauZneldeboda masTan
daeaxlovebina simbolisturi ferwera – landebis moti-
vis gamokveTiT.
sam leqsSi – `alvebi TovlSi~, `verxvebi~ da `is~ – ase
pirdapir ar moixsenieboda es sityva: landi, – magram
ise Zalumad, ise xelSesaxebad igrZnoba maTSi lande-
251
bis gaelveba, am mxrivac uaxlovdebian erTmaneTs, mi-
uxedavad imisa, rom `artistuli yvavilebis~ gverdebze
sxvadasxvagan gabneulan.
arada pirveli publikaciisas – krebulis `sxivi~ fur-
clebze – maT da kidev erT leqss – `TeTri landebiT~ –
aerTianebdaT sulac saerTo saTauri: `mTvaris landebi~.
Semdgom galaktioni mainc sxvagvarad amjobinebda.
da amis kvalobaze –is saerTo saxelwodeba moiSleboda.
erTi leqsi gamoakldebodaT.
danarCenebi mimoifantebodnen wigni-mTlianobis si-
uJetur mdinarebaSi.
da mainc SenarCundeboda maTSi landuris krToma-bo-
riali: upirvelesad mainc mTvaris landebis.
xolo im leqsSi, danarCenTagan mowyvetilSi:
TeTri landebiT Semosavda mTvare maRal aivnebs da
SuSabandebs, landebi nela micuravdnen, mxolod cacxvis
Sriali daafrTxobdaT landebs. da ise iRelvebdnen tbaze
landebi, rogorc dadenil qarvis svetebi da maT sarkeze
mdumared idgebodnen xeTa mkrTali siluetebi. da agon-
deboda poets, misi guli im Rames ra gamoucnobi sinaziT
Zgerda, da cacxvis Sriali rom afrTxobdaT landebs, maT
meocnebe suli iWerdaT.
Tavisas moiTxovda `artistuli yvavilebis~ kompozici-
uri aRnagoba da erTianoba.
da am moTxovnis gamoisobiT: mitovebulni aRmoCnde-
bodnen TeTri landebi.
da Seeleoda maT galaktioni, rakiRa landuri samefo
isedac didwilad gansazRvravda `artistuli yvavilebis~
suliskveTebasac da ganwyobilebasac, fonsac da gareg-
nul iersac.
imosebodnen TeTri landebiT maRali aivnebi da
SuSabandebi.
da Tumc afrTxobdaT cacxvis Sriali, meocnebe suli
xom Semorkalavda maT neliad curvas.
252
 ise mainc ra aris es kompoziciuri srulyofileba, misi
SenarCunebis simkacre da Seuvaloba – sulierad TviT
yvelaze maxlobelic SeiZleba gaimetos daunaneblad.
landebis samefoSi moboriale aCrdilebi ki Cqerali-
viT unda datrialebuliyvnen, erTian fonze yvelaze
TvalsaCinod da kanTielad mainc mwuxare da maRali lan-
di rom unda gamokveTiliyo. da es im landebis samefoSi,
romlis ganzomilebaSic pirwmindad moiSleboda sazRvari
imqveyniursa da amqveyniurs Soris.
Sen ginda fantasmagoria dagerqmia da ginda sxva raime
gansazRvreba mogeZebna, galaktionisaTvis es fantasma-
goriuli garemo warmodgeboda yofiTi da mxatvruli
sinamdvilis gadakveTad, Serwymad da harmoniul Tanaar-
sebobad, misTvis sasicocxlo sivrced rom aRiqmeboda.
Torem ager `micvalebulis xsovna~:
gegona: bindi varskvlavTagan gemudareboda da SeSi-
neba umowyalo simTvrales badebda, da saxlis karTan
umoZraod mdgomare landebs icavda sibnele, SeeWveba da
mdumareba.
landi quCaze aCqarebiT Tavs ukravda sxva lands.
cocxlebi iyvnen?
ara! gzebze midiodnen mkvdrebi.
da sibnelidan ubinao maTi cxedrebi samarisebur udab-
noSi tovebdnen qalaqs.
anda kidev `axali mosaxleoba~:
lirikuli gmiri misTvis axlobel adamianebTan erTad
rom ucdida RameSi TeTr sanTels, maT xom erTad moerka-
laT lodini da ricxvi. ugonod gamohyoloda mis binas
SarSandels uqmi da ugono cxovrebis sircxvili.
viRac maxinji mxiaruli siciliT SemoxvdebodaT... da
dauwyebdaT, dauwyebdaT patiJs! vin iyo? saidan? eseni
ver icnobdnen da yvela Seyveboda uecrad movlenil
maxinjs Savi dRis badeSi.
dabrundebodnen binaSi da daxvdebodaT cxedari! mi-
agnebdnen sulis kvals! lirikuli gmiri natvras eaxle-
253
boda! oh! dadgeboda amaTi droc, Cumi da netari, idumali
qveynebisa gaxdebodnen axla mosaxle.
ase grZeldeboda sicocxle, oRond aw ukve uCveulo
da sxva ganzomilebaSi, im idumal qveynebSi, sad SesaRweva-
dac mkiTxvels unda egrZno da yovelmxrivac gaesigrZe-
ganebina landebis buneba da raoba, maTi movlinebis gar-
duvaloba da daniSnuleba, rogorc megzurTa or samya-
ros Soris.
miRmieTidan arcerTi mgzavri ukan aRar brundeboda?
samagierod landebi brundebodnen, mere kvlav miR-
mieTSi uCinardebodnen, da kvlav adamianTa Tvalwin
aborialdebodnen.
is mainc yvelaze gamorCeulad galaktionis Tvalis da
gulis mzeraSi: mwuxare landi, maRali landi!..
rodesac levan bregaZe erTmaneTs Seudarebda am or
leqss – `akakis gardacvalebis gamo~ da `akakis landi~ –
gaaTvalsaCinoebda maTi mxatvruli STambeWdaobis gans-
xvavebas im mxriv, rom:
pirveli lirikuli nimuSi Seiqmneboda akakis gardac-
valebis ambis SetyobisTanave da cxel gulze iWarbebda
publicisturi paTosi, TaviT bolomde gamodevnebuli
leqsis qargas. da Tumc publicisturi paTosi sazogadod
leqsis naklad ar miiCneva, magram am leqsSi `SiSveli~
publicisturobis siWarbe ver hmatebda Rirsebas mis
mxatvrulobas.
sagulisxmoa es Sedareba maT Soris:
publicisturi paTosi am leqsSi iseTi sityvebis gamo-
yenebiT rom `materializdeboda~, rogoricaa: `saqarT-
velo~, `samSoblo~ da `Cveni qveyana~ – meore lirikul ni-
muSSi samSobloze mxolod migvaniSnebdnen im mxatvruli
xerxis wyalobiT, bolo dros xSirad rom ixsenieboda, mag-
ram jerjerobiT naklebSeswavlili rCeboda: aluziis.
Tuki davukvirdebodiT am striqonebs: oh, aseTia dRes
gansacdeli, da ar dagvtovebs poeti oblad, rom ar aan-
Tos isev sanTeli daviwyebuli xatis maxloblado, –
254
Zaldautaneblad wamogvagondeboda akakis leqsis – `xatis
win~ – is taepebi: Cemi xatia samSoblo, saxate – mTeli qve-
yanao, – da barem misi dasawyisi striqonebic gagvexsene-
bina: miyvars, rodesac xatis win anTia wminda sanTelio.
mkvlevari yuradRebas imasac migvaqcevinebda, rom:
Sesityvebas – `daviwyebuli xati~ – teqstis doneze Se-
mohqonda leqsSi idumaleba, gamdidrebuli raRac gar-
dasul samwuxaro Tavgadasavalze miniSnebiT, rac cxad-
yofda am saxis aSkara simbolisturobas, miuxedavad imisa,
rom `akakis landi~ mTlianobaSi simbolistur leqsad ver
CaiTvleboda.
xolo aluziis meSveobiT gaCenili qveteqsti `daviwye-
bul xats~ gvagulisxmebda uaryofil, mitovebul, bed-
krul samSoblod, amjerad misi publicisturi paTosi
Rrma Sreebidan rom unda amogvetana: dRes saqarTvelo
gansacdelSia, magram akaki wereTeli gardacvalebis Sem-
dgomac ar miatovebs mas oblad da kvlavindeburad iz-
runebs – Tavisi ukvdavi SemoqmedebiT – bedkruli samSob-
los sakeTildReodo.
da kidev erT garemoebas warmogviCenda:
orive leqsSi rom trialebda idumalebiT aRsavse sity-
va `landi~, Tu pirvel nimuSSi erTaderTxel gamoCnde-
boda: rom samSoblom misi landi mtkiced Seiyvarao, –
da epizodur rols asrulebda, meore leqsSi oTxgzis
meordeboda, da Semdeg kidev erTxel Segvaxsenebda Tavs
leqsis bolo sityvaSi, saxelzmna `molandebis~ fuZed
gamoyenebuli.
ase rom:
`lands~ am leqsSi ukve mTavari roli eniWeboda, raze-
dac isic metyvelebda, rom saTaurSic gataniliyo.
dae nurc is gamogvrCeboda, rom:
akaki wereTlis mimarT galaktion tabiZis mier da-
JinebiT ganmeorebuli `landi~ saTaves akakisave leqsis –
`avadmyofi mgosani~ – striqonebidan iRebda: aCrdiliRa
var warsulis da landi momavalisao!..
255
 da miTumetes is gasimboloveba-ganzogadeba, rom:
poetis landi SemTxveviT ar warmoisaxeboda mTebis
fonze: mdumare mxares Sori mTebisas dahxaris Rame da an-
damatio; anda – grZnobda Tanabar moaxloebas gancvifre-
buli da didi mTebio.
mkvlevari yuradRebas migvaqcevinebda, rom:
mTebis garemocvaSi warmosaxuli maRali, WaRariT mo-
sili landi ilia WavWavaZis aCrdilis (amave saxelwodebis
poemidan) asociacias iwvevda: da momevlina me kaci didi,
myinvarzed mdgari moxucebulio, – da es ki niSnavda, rom
galaktioni akakis lands ilia WavWavaZis aCrdilTan mims-
gavsebulad xatavda da amitomacaa, es striqonebi: (akaki)
iqneba CvenTvis, iqneba CvenSi, iqneba CvenTan marad da ma-
rado! – aCrdilis sityvebs rom gvaxsenebda: marad da
yvelgan, saqarTvelov, me var SenTanao!..
rakiRa akakis saxeba landad unda SemogvrCenoda, ga-
laktionis fiqri im mxrivac gagrZeldeboda da gaRrmav-
deboda `Zvirfasi saflavebis~ ciklSi, rom:
akaki Zveli saqarTvelos molandeba gaxlda.
metic:
gangeb amosuliyo saflavidan, raTa kidev ramdenime su-
raTi daexata.
daexata is, rac gulze awva micvalebuls, rakiRa
moTaveba ver moeswro amaRlebuli ganzraxvisa da
srulqmna saqveyno movaleobisa, pirveli movlinebisas
rom dakisreboda.
ver moesvena samareSi da aha xelmeored movlenoda
samzeos.
misi is pirveli movlineba arsad Semonaxuliyo – arc
istoriul matianeebSi gaelvebuliyo sadme, arc Tavisi
biografosi gamosCenoda, magram meore movlinebaze dak-
virveba, mis siRrmeSi SeRweva da raRac idumalis mikvle-
va afiqrebinebda galaktions im pirveli movlinebis ar-
sebobasac, iseTive realursa da xelSesaxebs, rogorc
meore gaxldaT, oRond is pirveli daviwyebis burusSi
danTqmuliyo.
256
 realuri da xelSesaxebi – landurad, rogorc arsi ar-
sTagani im idumalebiTmoculi, mistikur saburvelSi gax-
veuli pirovnebisa, akaki rom warmogvidgeboda da galak-
tions veRarc gaerCia, ufals xom ar mieRo misi saxeba da
ufali xom ara metyvelebda akakis bagiT.
gauigivebda RmerTs erTxel, meoredac gauigivebda...
rakiRa landi – RmerTs Setolebuli – akakisaa, maS sxva
landTagan mkveTradac unda gansxvavdebodes.
da kidec iCens Tavs es gansxvaveba `mTawmindis mTvare-
Si~: aq Cems axlos moxucis lands sZinavs mefur ZiliTo.
akaki sxvagvarad anki rogor daiZinebda, Tu ara mefuri
ZiliT, magram...
landi da... Zili?!.
landma ra icis Zilisa?!.
magram es icis akakis landma da esaa swored misi gans-
xvavebulobis umTavresi niSanic.
xolo kidev erTxel imitomac unda CaiZinos mefuri
ZiliT, rom kvlavac darCa dasaxati ramdenime suraTi da
kvlavindeburad mouwevs Tavisi Tavis gamoZaxeba saflavi-
dan masTan damarxuli da masSi gagrZelebuli sicocxlis
sityvis ZaliT.
da es monumenturi figura, landuri ieriT garemosili,
Tumc arc `landi~ unda ixseniebodes da arc `molandeba~,
kanTielad unda amoimarTos leqsSi `sanTeli~, Ramis naTe-
li rom unda Semoitanos poeturma ganwyobilebam, mtveri
da mTvare, tfilisis daRlili qaris TareSi da koSkebi
Zvelad nageb-naSeni.
am fonze unda gacxaddes, Tu rarig uyvars lirikul
gmirs sulis Sexeba m i s i, romlis vinaobac TiTqosda
dafarulia.
msubuqi aliT gzebs rom ekideboda talRebi neli da
surneleba, lirikul gmirs axsovda m i s i Zveli dideba da
ganSoreba aw eZneleboda.
vinaoba kvlavac dafaruli rCeboda.
257
 amasobaSi yoveldRe unda mosuliyo axali talRa
– myvirala, susti da dRevandeli, da lirikul gmirs
droSasaviT mihqonda maRla sanTeli... m i s i suli,
sanTeli.
viTom ver amovicnobdiT vinaobas dafarulisa?
magram zurab kiknaZe xelSesaxebad miakvlevda da
daadasturebda `sanTelis~ saxeobriv siaxloves `aka-
kis landTan~ da am fonze es leqsi SeiZleba aRgveqva ro-
gorc mimarTva sulmnaTi mgosnisadmi, amjeradac ase
Zaldautaneblad rom gaixsneboda Sefaruli miniSneba da
amoimarTeboda akakis monumenturi saxeba.
saxeba poeziis didi reformatorisa, sruliad axa-
li sadinari rom unda gaeWra da axali sivrceebic ga-
daexsna jer marto qarTuli enis arsmenili simsubuqis,
mxatvrulobis, plastikurobisa da xmovanebis miRweviT.
rodesac am leqsSi ixsenieboda yoveldRe mosuli axa-
li talRa: `myvirala, susti da dRevandeli~ – mkvlevaris
ganmartebiT, es empiriulad arsebuli dRevandeloba mxo-
loddamxolod aradroJamuli Rirebulebisa gaxldaT,
iseTive, rogorc misi antipoduri `meTormete saukune~,
romelsac galaktioni raime dazustebis gareSe axsenebda
akakisTan kavSirSi.
xolo `akakis landi~ akakis maradiuli saflaviT rom
STagonebuliyo, dae yuradReba migveqcia im garemoebi-
saTvis, rom:
– am leqsSi akakim aCvena Tavisi maradiuli saxe da rom
`sikvdili arra aris~. Tu SevadarebT am leqss galaktionis
am xanebSi Seqmnil `ganwiruli suliskveTebis~ leqsebTan,
davrwmundebiT, rom masSi gacxadebuli harmonia akakis
molandebiT aris STagonebuli. landi, aCrdili misTvis
ufro cxovelmyofeli aRmoCnda, vidre yoveli cocxali
misi Tanamedrove...
da amasTan mkvlevari kvlav ukvirdeboda, rom `akakis
lands~ win uZRoda aramarto Zveli stiliT dawerili `aka-
258
kis gardacvalebis gamo~, aramed ara erTi da ori varianti
misi – kvlav im Zveli stiliT naweri.
da... didi naxtomis Semswre unda vyofiliyaviT am vari-
antebsa da saboloo teqsts Soris, romelsac moiwonebda
galaktioni da dabeWdavda kidec 1919 wlis krebulSi.
da gakvirvebas gamoTqvamda zurab kiknaZe, rom:
– feriscvaleba Zvelidan axlisken sul mcire xanSi,
erTi leqsis weris periodSi moxda. poets surda xil-
va, Sinagani gamocdileba, rac SeiZleba, srulyofilad
gamoeTqva. variantebis simravle mowmobs, rom es leqsi
anu is, rac leqsad gamoTqmas miando, mniSvnelovani gaxl-
daT misTvis. aq mxolod akakis, Jamieri da warmavali kacis,
Tundac mgosnis, `molandeba~ ki ar unda aRweriliyo, ar-
amed xilva im `meTormete saukunisa~, romelSic orive po-
etis ocnebiT ixateboda maradiuli samSoblo.
leqsis saboloo teqstSi ukugdebuli unda yofiliyo
konkretuloba im landSaftisa, sadac unda gamoCeniliyo
`moxucis landi~. is ki ara, galaktioni sabolood unda
gaqceoda leqsis mTavari gmiris, misTvis Zvirfasi saxe-
lis xsenebasac.
da zurab kiknaZe kidev im niuanssac warmoaCenda, rom
vizualuri: `momaval mgosnis fexis xmas grZnobda~ – sa-
gangebod Seicvleboda smeniTi xatiT: `mZime da daRlil
fexis xmas grZnobda~.
– radgan jer ar Cans, visi fexis xmaa, is landia da ara
maincdamainc mgosani, Tundac moxuci, vinc modis. is
landia, magram aqvs simZime da cxovrebidan gamoyolili
daRliloba.
da kidev erTi mniSvnelovani niuansi, rodesac:
Zalze konkretuli: `grZnobda moxucis moaxloebas~
Seicvleboda striqoniT: `grZnobda Tanabar moaxloebas~.
– riTac miRweulia akakis fenomen-noumenis zusti da-
xasiaTeba. `Tanabarma~ migvaniSna (da mis TanamedroveT
Seaxsena) msvlelobis Tanabar bunebaze, rogoric akaki
iyo.
259
 landis zebunebrioba riTi SeiZleba miRweuliyo?
riTi da:
Tuki misi gamocxadebis landSafti ganiZarcveboda
yovelgvari konkretuli niSnisagan.
da mkvlevari miadevnebda, rom:
aq yovelive usxeulo unda yofiliyo, rogorc moxu-
cis landia usxeulo. da esec is ganzogadebuli suraTi
poetis samSoblosi, romelsac igi TviTgamoZaxebiT ub-
rundeba. amave dros, es haerovani landSafti yoveli
samSoblos arqetipad aRiqmebao.
arqetipuli xilva Cndeboda `mTawmindis mTvareSic~,
da raTa es xilva SenarCunebuliyo, zurab kiknaZe gaumar-
Tleblad miiCnevda `moxucis landis~ Senacvlebas `aka-
kis landiT~, rogorc ibeWdeboda ukanasknel gamocemebSi.
gaumarTleblad imitom, rom: `moxuci~ itevda akakisac,
mefesac da rogorc simbolos, romlis Sesaxebac Tumc
gvian, karl-gustav iungis Sromebis Semdeg, Seiqmneboda
Tematuri laparaki, magram mkvlevars eWvic ar epareboda,
rom galaktions Rrmad unda ganecada moxucis arqetipu-
li mniSvneloba, radganac rasac fsiqologi aRmoaCenda,
is xom adamianis, gansakuTrebiT Semoqmedis, cnobiereba-
Si daculiyo, rogorc Tandayolili koncefti, uwinares
gamocdilebisa.
arqetipTa Sris aRmomCeni Sveicarieli fsiqologi ro-
gor ganmartavda `moxucis~ arqetips?
es aris ukvdavi suli, romelic anaTebs cxovrebis qa-
otur sibneles naTlis sxiviTo.
am ganmartebis kvalobaze ki qarTveli mkvlevari
dasZenda:
amrigad, akaki poets evlineba (`elandeba~), rogorc da-
sabamieri `moxucis~ hipostasi, riTac pirovnuli yofi-
ereba maradisobaSi gadadis. mTawmindac amitom maradiul
sauflod aris aRqmuli poetis warmosaxvaSio.

260
 ***
amoimarTeboda akakis monumenturi saxebao...
saxeba poeziis didi reformatorisa, sruliad axali
sadinari rom unda gaeWra da axali sivrceebic gadaexsna
marto qarTuli enis arsmenili simsubuqis, mxatvrulobis,
plastikurobisa da xmovanebis miRweviTo...
da am wiaRSi unda epovna Tavi galaktionsac da kidev
sxva sadinari gaeWra qarTuli poeturi sityvisaTvis, qar-
Tuli lirikuli hangebisaTvis, axal ganzomilebaSi rom
gadaitanda akakis monapovars, Tavis sulier brZmedSi ga-
moawrTobda, Tavisi StampiT moWrida oqros da kidev erT
reformatorad mogvevlineboda.
da kidec SeiZenda landur iers.
da ukve TviTonac gadainacvlebda landur personaJad
`landebis~ siuJetur qargaSi.
ase Seexmianeboda oTar CxeiZis romani `artistul
yvavilebs~ – Seavsebda im mxriv poeturi krebulis landur
motivs, galaktioni rom gulisxmobda, oRond pirdapir
gacxadebas moerideboda da ikmarebda jerjerobiT aka-
kis lands Sefareboda, vidre Sesaferisi dro dadgeboda
saqveynod amomzevebisa.
oTar CxeiZe gaxsnida galaktionur narTauls da mis
monumentur saxebasac da simbolur ganzogadebasac roma-
niT warmoaCenda.
da ase amoudgeboda gverdiT akakis lands galaktio-
nis landi. oriv mwuxare, oriv maRali... oriv Tanamdevi
ukiduresi simZafriT gancdili mSobliuri miwisa: ukvdav
sulebad...
da grZeldeboda poeziis axal sivrceTa wiaRSi triali
da sakuTari StampiT moWrili oqros zodebis cvena.
qrola hangebis.
isrebis qrola.
da dardianoba sizmrebisa wignebSi: momxibvlel
TvalebiT.

261
maia jaliaSvili

wva da xedva –
„artistuli yvavilebis“ eqoebi

„brma viyavi da axla ki vxedav“

(ioane, 9, 25).

galaktionis „artistuli yvavilebi“ borxesis „qviSis

wigns~ hgavs, usasrulo sivrceebiT savses. am sivrceebs
ki is mniSvnelobebi da interpretaciebi qmnian, romle-
bic mkiTxvels gamudmebiT usxltebian xelidan, radgan
am leqsTa kiTxvisas, yovel jerze, sruliad gansxvavebu-
li suraT-xati warmoiqmneba, ucnobi SegrZnebebi Cndeba,
romelTac sityvier samoselSi ver moixelTeb da verc
mexsierebaSi Cawer gasagnebul Tu abstraqtul saxe-sim-
boloebad. amitomac verasodes gadaSli erTsa da imave
gverdze, verasodes dainaxav erTsa da imave warmosaxul
naxats, ver gaigoneb imave musikas da ver SeigrZnob nacnob
surnels, radgan ara mxolod Sen icvlebi, mkiTxveli, ar-
amed wignic, romelic Tavisi yvela striqoniT ucnaurad
transformirebuli gegebeba, raTa kidev erTxel Sexvde
mSvenierebas.
„artistul yvavilebs“ saTauridanve SevyavarT ucxo
mxareSi, saiTkenac frangul enaze moyvanili epigrafebi
migviZRvebian. isini, rogorc magiurad daqaragmebuli
mniSvnelobebi, rogorc uZveles droSi qurumis mier Cveu-
lebriv mokvdavTaTvis warmoTqmuli „gaugebari sityve-
bi“, ucnaurad bangaven gonebas da eqstazisTvis ganawyo-
ben: Le charme inattendu d’un bijou rose et noir, – moulodneli
momxiblaoba samkaulisa – vardisferisa da Savis (Sarl
bodleri) – La demoiselle bleue aux bords frais de la source – cis-
feri qalwuli nakadulis gril napirze (Teofil gotie),

262
La melancolie des soleils couchants, – Camaval mzeTa melanqo-
lia (pol verleni), `... et les roses trop hautes~ – ...da vardebi
metad tanmaRali (anri renie). es epigrafebi, uTargmne-
lad wakiTxuli, musikaluri preludiasaviTaa, Targm-
nils ki musikasTan erTad emateba feri, surneli da raRac
SoreulTan miaxlebis gancda.
es saxelebi qmnian simbolisturi esTetikis konteqsts,
romelSic mkiTxvels unda gaeazrebina leqsTa daSif-
ruli saxeebi. amave dros, Tan gaecnobierebina „evropuli
da erovnuli mTliani kulturuli sivrce“ (doiaSvili
2003: 58).
ratom maincdamainc oTxi epigrafi?
warmosaxvis Tavisufleba, am SemTxvevaSic, gvikarna-
xebs, rom rac gvinda, is vifiqroT. galaktionis poezia
xom, upirvelesad, amgvar Tavisuflebas gvaCvevs, yo-
velgvar kanonsa Tu kanonzomierebaze maRla mdgoms,
mTavaria, raime tipis logikuri Tu asociaciuri jaWvi
gaCndes, romelic poeturi azrovnebis sruliad ucxo
mdinarebaSi CagvrTavs.
es oTxi saxeli, simbolurad, rogorc saxarebaTa oTxi
maxarebeli, ise migviZRveba galaktioniseuli poeturi
samyaros labirinTebSi. qarTul sinamdvileSi, marTlac,
es krebuli iqca axal poetur aRTqmad, romelmac war-
moaCina „axali RmerTi“ – galaktion tabiZe, „artistuli
yvavilebis“ gasaazreblad mkiTxvelma unda mimarTos
am „maxareblebs“, maTs Semoqmedebas, raTa Caswvdes sim-
bolisturi poeturi teqnikiT kodirebul saTqmels.
bodleris „borotebis yvavilebi“, goties „minanqrebi
da kameebi“, verlenis, rogorc galaktionis „daRupuli
mamis“ mTeli Semoqmedeba Tu anri renies poezia am kre-
bulis STamagonebeli, macocxlebeli impulsebis wyaroa.
saiT mivyavarT galaktions am epigrafTa miniSnebebiT?
ra Tqma unda, poeziis mxareSi, magram rogorc mezeg-
lizis, igive, svanis mxares prustis amave saxelwodebis
cnobil romanSi (germantebis mxarisgan gansxvavebiT) aqvs
263
sruliad gansxvavebuli peizaJebi, garemo, haeri, xeebi,
yvavilebi, xedebi da, saerTod, TiTqos sxva ganzomilebaa,
romelSic sagnebi, movlenebi, urTierTobebi axali Si-
naarsebiT itvirTebian, sadac adamiani sxvanairad iwyebs
danaxvas: „Soridanve SevigrZnobdiT ucnobebis Sesage-
beblad daZrul iasamanTa surnels. Tavad ki, sakuTari
foTlebisave mwvane da qorfa patar-patara gulebs Soris
amozrdilT, parkis zRudeze ucnaurad aRemarTaT iasam-
nisferi da TeTri frTebis jiRebi, CrdilSi rom aebzvin-
varebina mzis sxivebs, romelSic ukve ganbaniliyvnen“;
„kuneli iseTive mironisebur, formiT gansazRvrul sur-
nelebas afrqvevda, rom Tavi RvTismSoblis sakurTxevlis
win megona“, „amaod vCerdebodi da vynosavdi kunelebs,
amaod vlamobdi gonebamde mimetana maTi uxilavi da
Taviseburi surneli, goneba mainc ver xvdeboda, ra unda
eRona – vkargavdi, isev vewafebodi maT, vuerTdebodi
ritms, romelic maT yvavilebs aqa-iq axalgazrduli
silaRiT da musikalur bgerasaviT moulodnel inter-
valebSi mimofantavda. imav xibls uSreti guluxvobiT
mTavazobdnen, Tumca ufro meti CaRrmavebis saSuale-
bas ar maZlevdnen, im melodiebiviT, romlebic asjer,
miyolebiT rom daukra, mainc ver Caswvdebi maT saidum-
los“ (prusti 2016: 127). aseTivea galaktionis am krebu-
liT Seqmnili mxarec, saiTkenac wasvla gulisxmobs po-
etur saxeTa aRmoCenebis sixaruls, ucxo gancdebTan
ziarebas. es leqsebi asjer rom waikiTxo, aramcTu ver
Caswvdebi, aramed verc miuaxlovdebi saidumlos, Tumca
es dausrulebeli swrafva saidumlosken aris kidevac
maTi mouwyinebeli kiTxvis azri.
frederik begbederma avtobiografiul „frangul ro-
manSi“ moswrebulad SeniSna, rom gmirisTvis kokaini iyo
bodleriseuli „xelovnuri samoTxeebis“ Sesaqmnelad
cxovrebiseuli „bunebrivi jojoxeTebisagan“ gasaqcevi
saSualeba. galaktionic Tavis „ucxo samoTxeebs“ leqse-
biT qmnida, amgvarad Tvreboda da mkiTxvelsac aTrobda
264
imisTvis, rom daejerebina, Tavis qala (sikvdili) artis-
tuli yvavilebiT (xelovnebiT) daCrdiluli da gamSve-
nierebuli, sicocxles, yofierebis amaoebas sruliad
axal azrsa da mniSvnelobas SesZenda.
Sarl bodleri cnobil leqsSi „himni mSvenierebas“
cdilobs Caswvdes am idumali fenomenis arss. igi mSve-
nierebas aqebs, adidebs da Tan cdilobs misi warmomav-
lobis gacnobierebas:

netav saidan ibadebi, mSvenierebav?

lurji zeca gaqvs sadaved Tu Savi qveskneli?
Seni mzeridan TiTqos gulSi Rvino gveRvreba,
Rvino, sikeTis da siavis erTad mTesveli.

misi cnobismoyvareoba mWevrmetyvelebis CanCqerSi

upasuxod, amaod inTqmeba, amitom daaskvnis:

an ra azri aqvs – ciT modixar Tu jojoxeTiT,

mSvenierebav, sazarelo, Cvilo, urCxulo!
Tuki mag tanis, mag Rimilis, mag terfTa xedviT –
vxedav usazRvros, ras ver vxsni da riTac
vsuldgmulob.
(bodleri 1992: 41)

swored usazRvros Wvretis Sedegad Seqmnili xatebis

sityvier qsovilSi moqcevis mcdelobebia es leqsebi.
Tvalis „uecari gaxeliT“, am erTgvari naTelxilviT
monaqroli saxeebiT Cvenamde moaqvs galaktions is, rac
„ucxo mxareSi“ ixila da ganicada.
pavle mociquli wers: „vici erTi kaci qristeSi, ro-
melic am ToTxmeti wlis winaT (ar vici, sxeuliT Tu us-
xeulod; RmerTma icis) atacebul iqna mesame camde; da
vici am kacisa (mxolod ar vici, sxeuliT Tu usxeulod;
RmerTma icis), rom atacebul iqna samoTxeSi, sadac ismina
eniTuTqmeli sityvebi, romelTa warmoTqmis nebac ara aqvs
kacs“ (II kor. 12. 3-4).
265
 TiTqos galaktionic „is erTi kacia“, gamorCeuli da ga-
napirebuli, romelic (mxolod ar vici, sxeuliT Tu usxe-
ulod; RmerTma icis), amgvarad iqna atacebuli samoTxeSi,
sadac ismina eniTuTqmeli sityvebi da mere mkiTxvelebsac
gauziara ara pirdapir, aramed Sefarulad, mxatvrul sax-
eebSi daqaragmebulad. amgvar gancdas am krebulis bevri
striqoni iwvevs, magaliTad, es:

magram uecrad yvaviliviT gaixsna mTvare:

saamo, nazi, uxaverdo da uvnebeli.
jer daaguba TeTr RrublebSi iebis Rvari
da gadaRvara, viT siriis nelsacxebeli.
(„sikvdili mTvarisgan“)

an es: tbis pirad, roca xeebis xelebs,

daekideba mTvare da cvari,
damTvrali baRi gaSlis gobelens...
(„gobeleni“)

an es: gadaviqaneb sikvdils maRla amarTul yeliT

me, Savi gedi!
poeti brboSi, sul erTia, viqnebi zrdili:
msubuq mandiliT
zedmeti, ucxo, unayofo da gandevnili
foTlebis landi.
(„poeti brboSi“)

„Cemi Tvalebi gaazambaxebs“ – wers galaktioni da

mkiTxveli xvdeba poetis TvalTa jadosa da magiis Zalas,
romelic mis gamorCeul krebulSi „artistuli yvavilebi“
gansakuTrebuli simZafriT warmoCndeba. poetis uCveulo
mzeraSi gardatydeba xiluli da uxilavi samyaroebi da
Semdeg leqsis striqonebSi ucnaur xatebad lagdeba. misi
gansxvavebuli mzera Tavidanve SesagrZnobi iyo, rodesac

266
1914 wels pirveli krebuli gamosca. tician tabiZem Seam-
Cnia da gamoarCia misi originaluri stili da esTetika:
„mas aqvs raRac jado, romliTac sul ubralo feradebi
warmtacad brwyinaven, ubralo sityvebi ritmulad JRe-
ren, TiTqos „ferxuls uvlian niavis velur sixaliseSi“.
yrud dabadebuli iqneba, vinc imaSi musikas ver moismens“
(tabiZe 1985: 464). galaktioni TiTqos aRar endoboda ma-
terialur samyaros da mis miRma gaxedvas cdilobda. „didi
poeti yovelTvis mWvretelia da sulis TvalebiT ufro
xedavs, vidre sxeulis TvalebiT“ (uaildi 1997: 27). Tavisi
upirvelesi maswavleblis, Sarl bodleris kvaldakval,
„borotebis yvavilebis“ esTetikur-filosofiuri mrwam-
sis Sesabamisad, im uCveulo „kavSirebs“ daeZebda, romle-
bic poeturi samyaros mTlianobas ganapirobebda.

buneba– didi taZris dari– bundovan sityvebs

ambobs drodadro sulCadgmuli Tvisi svetebiT,
misTa simboloT tevrSi kacni mivexetebiT,
romlebic mgzavrebs megobruli TvalebiT
gviWvrets.
(bodleri 1992: 19)

galaktioni am simboloTa baRSi „moxetiale“ maradiul

mgzavrad iqca, romelic cdilobda maT gamocnoba-gamo-
Targmanebas da gamoTqmas. is bodleriviT xedavda, ro-
gor „erwymoda erTurTs bgera, surneli, feri“. ase iqca im
saidumlo gandobilTa dasis wevrad, romelic simbolos
uxilavi, miRma ganzomilebebis gasaRebad miiCnevda.
poeziam mas TiTqos Tvali auxila. erT leqsSi wers:

bevrs eSinodes
Cemi sastiki, ulmobeli gamoRviZebis,
viT gaTenebas,
me vxedav sizmrebs ara Tqveneburs.
(„me mZinare var“)

267
 am gamoRviZebad iqceva misi poezia, romelic mas exma-
reba, Tanabari intensivobiT SeigrZnos da dainaxos
Tavisi Sinagani samyaro Tu kosmosi. „xedavs imas, rasac
mokvdavis Tvali jer ver xedavs“ (werediani 2008: 80).
gotiesaviT xedavs „gril oaziss, sadac xelovneba sun-
Tqvs“ (doiaSvili 2003: 48).
„brma viyavi da axla ki vxedav“ (ioane, 9, 25). es SeiZleba
Tqvas ara mxolod poetma, aramed am leqsTa mkiTxvelmac,
oRond im gansxvavebiT, rom poets nanaxis gamoTqma SeuZ-
lia, mkiTxvels ki – ara. marTalia, orives xelT upyria
gamoTqmis mTavari instrumenti – sityva, magram poetisT-
vis is karad iqceva sxva samyaroebSi gasasvlelad, mkiTx-
velisTvis ki mxolod erTi an mravalmniSvnelovani simbo-
loa, romelsac RvTaebrivTan kavSiris mxolod fermkrTa-
li anarekli dahyveba. galaktionis xelSi ki sityva kvlav
miiqceva RmerTad, logosad, romelic saidumlos Sara-
vandediT imoseba, romelic sityvis ubralo mniSvnelo-
bas mistikiT tvirTavs. misi riTma, rogorc oskar uaildi
ityoda, romelmac `kacis naTqvami RmerTebis sityvad Se-
iZleba aqcios~ (uaildi 1997: 13), ucxo elfers matebs
nacnob sityvebsa da mniSvnelobebs amgvarad, is `formiTa
da feriT xelaxla qmnis qveyanas~ (uaildi 1997: 19).
galaktioni xedavs, magram ara msxverplis gareSe. es
msxverplia sulieri obloba, martooba da splini: „Sen ici,
Sen ici – me rogor vewame?“ („sizmrebi“); „jvarze gakruli
elva – es Cemi daa lurji“ („saRamo“). Sarl bodleris erT
prozaul leqsSi „mxatvris aRsareba~ SesaniSnavad war-
moCndeba xelovanis tanjva mSvenierebis wvdomis gzaze:
„da aha, mzaravs laJvardTa siRrme, guls miRonebs zecis
siwminde, zRvis uSfoTveloba, garemos uZraoba, aRaS-
foTeben Cems suls...
nuTu marad unda vitanjo, an iqneb samudamod unda
gaveqce mSvenebas? hoi bunebav, uwyalo jadoqaro! ikmare
Trgunva Cemi natvris da siamayis!
268
 mSvenierebis wvdoma uTanasworo duelia, sadac
mxatvari bediTad mosTqvams, saboloo damarcxebamde“
(bodleri 1991: 11).
„RmerTi gamoiTargmanebis xedvad da wvad“ – vkiTxu-
lobT sityvis kidev erTi mesaidumlis, sulxan-sabas
„sityvis konaSi“. poeti iwvoda, SemoqmedebiTad itanje-
boda, raTa gamoTqmis srulyofilebisTvis mieRwia. amitom
„iwvis da dneba SuaRame“, amitom „ar ician megobrebma,
Tu ra naRvels itevs guli“ („me da Rame“).
freskis avtorebisTvis, romlebic RvTisTvis wamebul-
Ta xatebs qmnian, umniSvnelovanesia Tvalebisa da xelebis
gamoxatva, romelTa saSualebiTac mJRavndeba suliereba
da Tavganwiruloba. galaktionis poeziaSic gansakuTre-
buli Rirebuleba eniWeba Tvalebsa da xelebs. umTavresi
swored es mzeraa, romelic xilul, materialur samyaros
gardaqmnis:

yovelTvis mgonia: gadifrens yorani

da sanTlebs Caaqrobs Tvalebis alvaSi,
Tvalebi, es locviT damwvari qal-vaJi,
wvalebiT mokvdeba (oxvra, pastorali).
(`yorani“)

es edgar pos maradiulad qceuli yorania, romelic po-

eziis sauflos Sav macned iqca, sabediswero mociqulad,
saaqaosa Tu saiqios rwmenis Tanabar uarmyofelad. ami-
tomac aqrobs igi sanTlebs TvalebSi – „locviT damwvar
qal-vaJSi“. am saocar metaforaSi poetma siyvarulisa da
sikvdilis mtanjveli istoria daaqaragma. yorani yovel-
Tvis gadaifrens iq, sadac siyvarulisa da waruvalis
wyurvilia. amave leqsSi Cndeba xelebis xatebac:

yovelTvis mgonia: Cems saxels nacnobi

aCrdili Tan dasdevs sisxlian xelebiT.

es isev yornis wyvdiadisferi aCrdilia.

269
 Tvalebisa da xelebis detalebiT gamoikveTeba siy-
varulis verpovnis tkivili leqsSi „guli“, romelSic
vkiTxulobT:

farul jadoTi gzas rkalavden, rogorc ekvderi

dalilas landi, viqtoria, ledi godiva.
maTi xelebiT dasresili ocnebas scviva
gazafxulebad afoTlebis xSiri CanCqeri...
dawyvetil vardebs Zalamoklul TvaliT davcqeri...

am saocar metaforul xats, romelsac dasresili oc-

neba qmnis, romelsac scviva „gazafxulebad afoTlebis
xSiri CanCqeri“, ucnauri SegrZnebebi axlavs. „mkrTali
vardebi dascviva xelebs“ („alvebi TovlSi“), ferwera da
musika kvlav qmnian warmosaxvis imgvar gzajvaredins,
romelic mkiTxvels isev da isev gaurkvevlobis arCevnis
winaSe ayenebs: romeli interpretacia, axsna-ganmarte-
ba miusadagos? ese igi, gahyves leqsis axsnisa da gagebis
romelime gzas, Tu darCes am sasiamovno, TiTqmis sane-
taro gaurkvevlobis burusSi. poeti 20-ian wlebSi dRi-
urSi Cawers: „axirebuli sulieri ganwyobileba. TiTqo
yovelmxriv iRrRneba igi. TiTqo viRaca burRavs tvins
safeTqelidan. TiTqo isrebiT ileweba misi ferdebi. da
vfiqrob: SesaZlebeli rom iyos gulis saguledan amoReba,
gawmenda, gasufTaveba, gakrialeba, moSoreba raRac obo-
bas msgavs qselebis, moSoreba ucnauri tkivilebis, rom-
lebic wlobiT edeboden mas. exla ar aris saSualeba – gan-
vaTavisuflo igi da ase gakrialebuli isev Cavsva Tavis-
save Zvels adgilas da aZgerdeboda igi maSin Zveleburad,
axalgazrdulad, wmindad da spetakad“(interneti 1).
xelebis aseTi simZafriT meore mxatvrad oTar WilaZe
gveguleba romanSi „gzaze erTi kaci midioda“. medeas
xelebi poemasaviT iSleba da maTSi momavali tragedia
ikiTxeba. amitomacaa, rom iazoni ver swyvets am xelebs
Tvals da mistikuri gancdebiT izafreba: „medeas xelebi,
270
arabunebrivad mSvidi da srulyofili, erTdroulad
mSvenierica da saSiSic. gaaxsenda, rogor gauwyvita si-
tyva aietis darbazSi am xelebis xilvam... ucnaurad SesZra
da aaforiaqa am xelebis xilvam, sityva gauwyda da fexi
ise aukankalda, TiTqos dasaklav pirutyvze edga“ (WilaZe
2011: 364)
Tumca, galaktionma am gulis gawmendis alqimias mainc
miagno da es iyo misi poezia.
misi mzerisa Tu saganTa aRqmis „maswavleblebad“ mas
cnobili mxatvrebi, musikosebi, xelovanni egulebodnen,
amitomac:

da van-deikis landebiviT mwvandeba Rame...

ahyve ocnebiT marmarilos Tlil safexurebs,
sadac yovel mxriT praqsitelis Tvali giyurebs.
(„marmarilo“)

is xom mowme iyo RvTis uSurveli Semoqmedebisa. fsal-

munSi rom wers daviTi: „roca Sevxedav Sens cas – Seni
TiTebis namoqmedars, mTvaresa da varskvlavebs, romle-
bic daafuZne: ra aris kaci, rom ixsenieb? an Ze adamianisa,
rom yuradRebas aqcev? bevrad ar dagimcirebia igi ange-
lozebze; dideba da Rirseba daadgi gvirgvinad. gaabato-
ne igi Seni xelis namoqmedarze“ (fsalmuni 8, 3-6).
galaktioni xedavs ara mxolod TvalebiT, aramed mTe-
li arsebiT, amitomac SeuZlia SeigrZnos daxuWuli Tva-
lebis siRrme da elvareba:

SeRamda. me wavel iq, sadac sizmrebi

wignebSi dardoben daxuWul TvalebiT.
(„sizmrebi“)

stenli kubrikis filmis oqsimoroni saTauri gvaxsen-

deba `farTod daxuWuli Tvalebi~, romelSic reJisori
cdilobs adamianebi gaiyvanos egoisturi CarCoebis viwro
sivrcidan sworedac mistikurisa da idumalis SemotaniT
271
realobaSi, materialuri sinaTlisTvis Tvalis daxuWvam
aramaterialuri, iracionaluri karebi unda gaxsnas.
poeti xedavs:

landi quCaze aCqarebiT Tavs ukravs sxva lands.

es cocxlebia? ara! gzebze midian mkvdrebi
da sibnelidan ubinao maTi cxedrebi
samarisebur udabnoSi stoveben qalaqs.
(„micvalebulis xsovna“)

rogorc daviT werediani aRniSnavs, galaktioni „ufro

wigniTa da sakuTari fantazmebiT STagonebuli poetia,
vidre garemomcveli sinamdviliT. realuri, umetes Sem-
TxvevaSi, SegrZnebaTa gamaa, ufro iSviaTad – anturaJi.
odnavi gadaWarbebiT imis Tqmac ki SeiZleba, rom azrica
da SegrZnebac mxolod impulsi da sababia, mizani ki arse-
biTad sulis wamieri SeTrTolebaa, musikaluri akordi“
(werediani 2008: 77).
Cveni gonebac aseve ver xvdeba, „ra unda iRonos“,
roca „es SegrZnebaTa gamebi“ msubuq niavis maTrobela
talRebiviT gvelamunebian, roca, rogorc, magaliTad,
prusts kuneli, Cvenc galaktionis zambaxi amgvaradve
gvibindavs da SegrZnebis gamoTqmis yovelgvar mcde-
lobas gaacamtverebs:

iq, sadac aragvs uerTdeba mdinare mtkvari,

sadac cvari svams zambaxebis savse fialas.
(„wm. giorgi“)

am striqonebze zurab kiknaZe wers: „es xilvaa Tavad

poetis, romelsac surs amgvarad Wvretdes samyaros da,
SesaZloa, sakuTar Tavs am samyaroSi. zambaxi mis mierve
Seqmnil sinamdvileSi misi myofobis niSania... Seaqvs masSi
simbolur-iracionaluri momenti“ (kiknaZe 2003: 88).
zambaxi „artistuli yvavilebis“ mSvenieri Taigulis
gamorCeuli yvavilia, romelic yvelaze xSirad gvxvdeba
272
da igi galaktionis emblemadac SeiZleba miviCnioT (igi
krebulSi 14-jer gvxvdeba). imdenad lamazia, uCveulo da
momajadoebeli yoveli saxe, ise kargad qmnis im moliv-
live ganzomilebas, poeziiT Trobas rom mohyveba, ro-
melic kvlav da kvlav gabrunebs TavisTan. gaiZulebs yve-
la striqoni daimowmo. rogorc bodleri wers: „Trobas
mieZale. Trobaa yvelaferi. eg aris xsna erTaderTi, raTa
ar SeigrZno amazrzeni tvirTi droisa, romelic dagcems,
welSi gagtexs. hoda, amadac Trobas mieZale, gamounele-
bels. ho, magram riTi? RviniT, poeziiT, siqveliT, riTic
genebos, oRond iyavi mTvrali“ („Troba“, bodleri 1991:
33). amitomac SeiZleba am krebuliTac imgvari daTroba,
rom gauqmdes dro da sivrce da ucnaurma ganwyobilebeb-
ma „aitacon suli“ poetur samoTxeSi, amjerad, mTvrali
„zambaxTa iisfer RviniT“:

da Cemi suli, rogorc samreklo,

swuxs:
codvil xelebs,
dafarul codvebs,
damalul Ralats,
nazi frCxilebis grZel zambaxebs“
(„samreklo udabnoSi“)

mTvare TiTqo zambaxia SuqTa mkrTali mZiviT,

da, mis SuqSi gaxveuli msubuq sizmariviT
mosCans mtkvari da metexi TeTrad moelvare...
(`mTawmindis mTvare“)

simaRle laJvardTa,
varskvlavTa simaRle,
simaRle zambaxis!
(„SiSveli“)

273
 xaverdis kubo, daTovlili TeTr zambaxebiT
idga mdumare, mgloviare da dasevdili.
(„orxideebi“)

warsulma Ramem Sens fanjaraSi

daTova Tovli ia-zambaxis!
(„avdris molodini“)

mocelavs maRal zambaxebs celi,

atirdeba dro da Cemi leqsi.
(„cameti wlis xar“)

gamomaRviZa Ramis alma, nelma da qurdma,

baRi yelamde zambaxebiT iyo naburi,
Cemi dafnisTvis mitacebda lurji mandili,
qveynad mTvareul zambaxebSi Sefarebuli.
(`gemi `dalandi~)

vici: frTasac ver axebs

idumalad bejiTi,
TiTebis grZel zambaxebs...
(„domino“)

mwuxare grZnoba qrolvis, mimovlis

da zambaxebis wyebad dawvena.
(`Tovli~)

Cemi Tvalebi gaazambaxebs...

(`Serigeba~)

maRal Reroze gaiSala grZeli zambaxi...

...zambaxTa Soris yria TeTri qandakebebi.
(`guli~)

yvavilebiT saocari vnebisa da gatacebis Sesaxeb mis

erT dRiurSi vkiTxulobT: „bavSobidanve Cemi yvavilebi-
274
sadmi araCveulebrivi siyvarulis grZnoba savsebiT kmayo-
fildeboda im uamravi yvavilebiT, romelic axalgazrda
qalebs mohqondaT CemTvis Cems saRamoebze. mTeli Teatri
xSirad warmoadgenda erT uzarmazar Taiguls, da axal-
gazrdobis grZnobiT gamTbari Teatri pirdapir Tvrebo-
da am surnelebiT. yvavilebiT morTuli iyo Cemi bina. da
me, axalgazrdas, Zlieri grZnobiT miyvarda sicocxle.
SemdegSi saSinelma sicocxlis ufro Rrma analizmac ver
mospo es siyvaruli yvavilebisadmi“.
amave dRiurSi vkiTxulobT saintereso ambavs, Tu ro-
gor gadaarCines yvavilebma: `TviT saSineli samoqala-
qo omis wlebSi, SesaZlebelia, me mSieri viyavi, magram
ukanaskneli groSi usaTuod yvavilebze midioda. Cems bi-
naSi yovelTvis iyo yvavilebi, da es mmatebda energias. er-
Txel, rodesac Jandarmeria movida Cemi binis gasaCxrekad,
misi yuradReba miiqcia yvavilebis simravlem. binis aseT-
nairma atmosferam uTuod moaxdina maTze eseTnairi gav-
lena, rom me ar damapatimres, miuxedavad imisa, rom yuTSi
ipoves ramdenime cali [proklamaciebis] saeWvo wignebisa“
(interneti 2).
galaktionis am leqsebs gahyavs mkiTxveli CarCoebidan,
egoisturi `mes~ SemosazRvruli sivrcidan, Ria, kanonebis
gareSe, warmosaxvis Tavisufal samyaroSi bednierebis
gansacdelad. mTeli samyaros gulSi Casaxuteblad imis
gancdiT, rom TviTonac samyaros nawili xar, amitomac mas-
Tan erTad CarTuli sikvdil-sicocxlis erTian wrebrun-
vaSi, sityvaSi, Sin, RmerTTan dasabruneblad.
amitomac uwoda Tavs mefe, Tumca megobrebs gauWirdaT
amis aRiareba. axalgazrdaTa erTma jgufma ki 1921 wlis
25 ianvars „poeziis mefis“ tituli mianiWa Tanamedrove
qarTul poeziaze udidesi gavlenis aRsaniSnavad. aqac ar
daeTanxma avtoritetuli samwerlobo elita. es, ra Tqma
unda, guls wyvetda. cota adre dRiurSi qimerasTan di-
alogi Cauweria:
275
 „mefe poetebis
galaktion tabiZe: qimera, rasa malav?
qimera: arafers, xelmwifeo.
galaktioni: rasa malav meTqi!
qimera: (SiSiT amoiRebs uamrav gazeTebs da poets gadas-
cems) Tqveni mtrebi... Zalian bevri mteri gyavT.
galaktioni: (isvris fanjaraSi gazeTebs) qimera, er-
Txel da ukanasknelad geubnebi: me gazeTebs rom avyo-
lodi, dRemde aTasjer unda momekla Tavi.
qimera: nu brZanebT, xelmwifeo, RmerTma dagifarosT.
galaktioni: qimera, Sen kidev raRacas malav...
qimera: (SiSiT amoiRebs kidev uamrav gazeTebs) nu mi-
wyenT, xelmwifeo, es gazeTebia 1908 wlidan. didZali we-
rilebia Tqvenze. Tqven im werilebSi mefes ki ara, RmerTs
giwodeben. Tqven Zalian uyvardiT.
galaktioni: [marTali xar] qimera, es siyvaruli ubra-
lod ar damimsaxurebia. vin daswera `me da Rame~? vin das-
wera „meri“, [„mesaflave“, „lurja cxenebi“] „atmis yvavi-
lebi“ ... visia „lurja cxenebi“(interneti 3)
„sulis is ganwmenda da STagoneba, romelsac aristo-
tele kaTarziss uwodebs, goeTes azriT, Tavisi arsiT,
esTetikuria da ara zneobrivi... xandaxan meCveneba, rom
sityva kaTarzisi gansazRvrulad migvaniSnebs saidumlo-
sTan ziarebis ritualze. xSirad imasac warmovidgen, rom
swored esaa am sityvis erTaderTi da namdvili mniSvnelo-
ba“, – wers oskar uaildi (uaildi 1997: 32). yovel jerze
galaktionis am leqsTa kiTxvisas mkiTxveli TiTqos Sedis
taZarSi, romelic iseve aRimarTeba yofierebis udabnoSi,
rogorc baraTaSvilisTvis, raTa kaTarzisis gziT Tva-
laxelilma monawileoba miiRos mSvenierebasTan ziarebis
saidumlo ritualSi.
qarTuli ena rom did saidumlos inaxavs, es yvelaze
ukeTesad galaktionis poeziis kiTxvisas warmoCndeba.
misi leqsebi mkiTxvels TiTqos Tvals uxels sagnebisa
da movlenebis gansxvavebuli kuTxiT dasanaxavad, aqam-
276
de daunaxavis SesamCnevad, smenas umaxvilebs, rom gaigos
aTasi xma, romlebiTac avsebulia samyaro, yuri daugdos
kosmiur musikas, iseve miuaxlovdes RvTaebrivs, rogorc
odesRac samoTxeSi iyo, roca uSualod Wvretda logoss
da Seimecnebda siyvaruls. galaktionis poezia Sinaganad
zrdis da aTavisuflebs adamians, SeagrZnobinebs, rom nam-
dvili samoTxe sityvaSia, mis metafizikur ganzomilebaSi.
misi sityvis magia da energia mkiTxvelze zemoqmedebs,
rogorc Selocva. poeziiT mogvrili Tavisufleba aris
xsna materialur samyaroze mijaWvulobisagan. galak-
tioni STaagonebs mkiTxvels, rom laRad Sexedos irgvliv
yovelives, xilul saganTa da movlenaTa miRma dainaxos
uxilavi da am mzeriT ufro mSvenieri gaxados sicocxle.
samyaros amgvari ucnauri xatovani aRqmisgan mogvrili
SegrZnebebi saocar sixaruls hgvris adamians. mkiTxvels
Tvalsawieri ufarTovdeba, TiTqos samyaros Caketili
kari ixsneba da mkiTxveli miswvdeba dafarul saunjes.
upirvelesi saunje ki qarTuli enaa, sityvebi, romlebic
xSirad faraven saidumlos da galaktioni jadoqariviT
aTavisuflebs sityvebSi dafarul Sinaarss da mxatvrul
saxeebad gardaqmnis.
am patara eses isev gamorCeuli esTetis, oskar uaildis
sityvebiT davasrulebT: „literaturis daniSnulebaa nam-
dvili yofierebis uxeSi masalisgan Seqmnas samyaro, ro-
melic ufro saucxoo, ufro namdvili da amtani unda iyos,
vidre is samyaro, romelic Cveulebriv Tvals warmoudge-
ba da romlis meSveobiT Cveulebrivi adamianebi eswrafvi-
an Caswvdnen sakuTar srulyofilebas, magram Tu es axali
samyaro didi xelovanis suliTa da xeliTaa Seqmnili, is
albaT imdenad dasrulebuli da srulyofili ram iqneba,
rom kritikoss aRaraferi darCeba gasakeTebeli“ (uaildi
1997: 56).

277
 damowmebani:

bodleri 1991: bodleri S. leqsebi prozad. Tbilisi: gamomcemloba

„saqarTvelo“, 1991 (Targmani zviad gamsaxurdiasi).
bodleri 1992: bodleri S. borotebis yvavilebi. Tbilisi: gamomcem-
loba „ianusi“, 1992 (Targmani daviT akrianisa).
doiaSvili 2003: doiaSvili T. „artistuli yvavilebis“ prologi~.
galaktionologia, II. Tbilisi: 2003.
interneti 1: http://www.nplg.gov.ge/gwdict/index.php?a=term&d=8&t=48469
interneti 2: http://galaktion.ge/?page=Diaries&year=1920&p=1&id=6611
interneti 3: http://galaktion.ge/?page=Diaries&year=1920&p=1&id=6487
kiknaZe 2003: kiknaZe z. „wminda giorgi da Zveli wisqvili“. galaktiono-
logia, II. Tbilisi: 2003.
uaildi 1997: uaildi o. kritikosi, rogorc xelovani. Tbilisi: gamom-
cemloba „lomisi“, 1997.
prusti 2016: prusti m. svanis mxares. Tbilisi: „bakur sulakauris
gamomcemloba“, 2016.
tabiZe 1985: tabiZe t. leqsebi, poemebi, proza, werilebi. Tbilisi:
gamomcemloba `merani~, 1985.
werediani 2008: werediani d. „edgari mesamed“. galaktionologia, IV.
Tbilisi: 2008.
WilaZe 2011: WilaZe o. gzaze erTi kaci midioda. Tbilisi: gamomcemlo-
ba „palitra L“, 2011.

278
literaturuli gamoZieba

naTia sixaruliZe

ras amboben verxvebi?

galaktion tabiZis erT-erTi yvelaze popularuli

leqsi `meri~, romelic `artistul yvavilebSi~ numera-
ciiT meTormete poeturi teqstia, pirvelad 1915 wels
gamoqveynda JurnalSi `Teatri da cxovreba~ da publika-
ciisTanave miiqcia mkiTxvelis yuradReba. imdroindeli
presis cnobiT, rasac poetis Canawerebic adasturebs,
leqsi galaktionis poeziis saRamoebze cocxal suraTad
idgmeboda. ufro mniSvnelovani isaa, rom `meris~ adreul-
ma, Tavdapirvelma redaqciam sazogadoebaSi didi miTqma-
moTqma gamoiwvia – nawarmoebi aRiqves, rogorc Wabuki
poetis mier realuri grZnobis Ria gacxadeba ulamazesi
aristokrati banovanis – meri ServaSiZisadmi. savarau-
dod, am mizezis gamoc iyo, rom `artistuli yvavilebisaT-
vis~ avtorma nawarmoebi sagangebod gaaswora, erotiku-
li xasiaTis or strofze uari Tqva da teqstSi sxva saxis
cvlilebebic ganaxorciela (tabiZe 2016: 212).
`meris~ Sesaxeb araerTi statia da gamokvleva arsebobs,
romelTa umetesoba lirikuli personaJis vinaobis dad-
genas, prototipis Ziebas eZRvneba. amdenad, gasakviri ar
unda iyos, rom mkvlevarT SeumCneveli darCaT teqstSi
arsebuli erTi damafiqrebeli miniSneba.
meris `ugono ficiT~ SeZruli lirikuli gmiri taZri-
dan gadis da mtanjvel, `Seuwyvetel fiqrs~ mindobili,
– sibneleSi, qarsa da wvimaSi gaurkveveli gzebiT xetia-
lis Semdeg, – satrfos saxlTan aRmoCndeba. Ronemixdili,
usazRvrod damwuxrebuli vaJi kedels mieyrdnoba da am
279
dros ratomRac mis yuradRebas verxvebis `bnelxmiani
foTlebis~ Sriali miipyrobs. gmiris sulSi Cndeba ucna-
uri survili, amoicnos am gaurkveveli Srialis Sinaarsi:
ase mwuxare videqi didxans
da Cems win Savi, swori verxvebi
aSrialebden foTlebs bnelxmians,
rogorc gafrenil arwivis frTebi.
da Srialebda toti verxvisa,
raze – vin icis! vin icis, meri!
bedi, romelic me ar meRirsa,
qars mihyveboda, rogorc namqeri.

personaJis ukiduresi sasowarkveTilebis Jams, kom-

paqtur lirikul siuJetSi ZiriTadi saTqmelidan amgvari
gadaxveva erTgvar moulodnelobas qmnis. aRsaniSnavia
isic, rom verxvebis Srialis motivi, mcire variantuli
sxvaobiT, ukve leqsis Tavdapirvel, 1915 wlis redaqci-
aSi gvxvdeba:

da Srialebda toti verxvisa,

raze – vin icis... an da vin aswers
im beds, romelic me ar meRirsa,
risTvisac guli exlac isev sZgers.

`meris~ axal versiaze muSaobisas, rogorc iTqva, po-

etma teqstSi mniSvnelovani Sesworebebi Seitana, Tumca
verxvebis Srialis motivi ar uaryo, piriqiT, ufro dax-
vewili formiT gadaitana saboloo redaqciaSi. es uTuod
imis dasturia, rom lirikul monologSi am gadaxvevas,
am ucnaur Seyovnebas avtori aucileblad miiCnevda, ro-
gorc aluzias raRac idumal `ambavze~.
verxvebis Sesaxeb, garda damowmebuli striqonebisa,
leqsSi sxva aRaraferia naTqvami, mxolod `artistul
yvavilebSi~ dabeWdili teqstis dasasruls, poeti ukve
gamoyenebul Sedarebas (verxvebis Sriali – gafrenili ar-

280
wivis frTebi) kidev erTxel ubrundeba, oRond amjerad Se-
darebis erT-erT komponents – `verxvebs~ `ocneba~ enacv-
leba (`rad aSrialda Cemi ocneba,/rogorc gafrenil arwi-
vis frTebi~). amis Sedegad teqstis or monakveTs Soris ara
marto gadaZaxili Cndeba, aramed xdeba Sedarebebis obi-
eqtTa gaigiveba, sinonimizacia: verxvis foTolTa Sriali
igive ocnebis ametyvelebaa.
mivubrundeT CvenTvis saintereso striqonebs:

da Srialebda toti verxvisa,

raze – vin icis! vin icis, meri!..

marTlac, raze Srialeben, ras gviamboben `usulT ena-

ze~ lirikuli gmiris ganwyobilebis Tanaziari verxvebi?
mxolod personaJis sulier tkivilebs TanaugrZnoben,
Tu raRacas gvauwyeben imaze, rac jvrisweramde moxda
anu gvesaubrebian yvelasagan mitovebuli vaJis warsulze.
mxolod `meris~ mixedviT msjelobisas es kiTxvebi
upasuxod, poetur saidumlod rCeba, magram Tu gaviTva-
liswinebT, rom `artistuli yvavilebi~, iseve rogorc
poetis pirveli wigni, azrobriv-struqturuli erTo-
baa, `wigni-mTlianobaa~ (Teimuraz doiaSvili), maSin gamo-
ricxuli araa, rom Cvens kiTxvebze pasuxi am krebulis
sxva leqsSi/leqsebSi iyos miniSnebuli.
`meris~ lirikuli subieqtis gancdebis erTaderT
mowmeebs – idumalad moSriale verxvebs `artistul yva-
vilebSi~ kidev erTxel vxvdebiT. esaa krebulis rigiT
XXX leqsi – `verxvebi~, romlis Tema verxvebis Sriali da
upasuxod darCenili siyvarulia.

***
`meri~ 1915 wlis seqtemberSi gamoqveynda da, savarau-
dod, imave wels unda iyos dawerili. 1915 wliT TariRdeba
`verxvebic~. leqsi 1916 wels daibeWda krebulSi `sxivi~,
sadac igi sam sxva poetur teqstTan iyo gaerTianebuli
281
ciklSi saTauriT `mTvaris landebi~. es leqsebia: `TeTri
landebiT~, `alvebi TovlSi~ da `is~ (`Nocturne~).
am ciklma, gansakuTrebiT ki `verxvebma~, imdroin-
deli kritikis yuradReba miiqcia. statiaSi `poetika~
al. abaSelma `riTmebis axal saxed~ – asonansad CaTvala
`verxvebis~ bolo strofis sariTmo wyvili: didi xnis wi-
naT – dagvagvirgvina (abaSeli 1916: 12), v. Cxenkelma ki ga-
laktionis `namdvili poeziis suliT aRbeWdil suraTebs~
Soris, `mTawmindis mTvarisa~ da `atmis yvavilebis~ gver-
diT, `verxvebic~ daasaxela (Cxenkeli 1919: 453); mTeli
cikliT gamowveuli aRfrTovneba s. leoniZem mkiTxvels
ase gauziara: `waikiTxeT, ra poeziis saburvelSia gax-
veuli galaqtion tabiZis leqsebi `mTvaris landebi~!
TviTeuli striqoni am leqsisa poeziaa da ganxorcieleba
mSvenierebisa. aq TviTeul sityvis siZlieres da sinazes
grZnobT, aq TavisuflaT amoisunTqebT, radgan Sorsa
xarT `publicistur poeziisgan~ (leoniZe 1916: 15). man
aqve miuTiTa `verxvebis~ erTgvar `xarvezze~: `Tumca did
naklsac ar warmoadgens, magram sjobda ar exmara mgosans
leqsSi iseTi sityvebi, rogoric magaliTad `paJi~, `princ-
esa~, `siluetebi~ da sx. Cveni ena metad mdidaria da mra-
valSinaarsiani da rodesac mgosani ver iyenebs sityvebs
mSobliuri enisas, maSin cud STabeWdilebas stovebs aseTi
`evropeizmebi~; Tumca igini literaturaSi miRebulia, ma-
gram qarTvels ufro eCoTireba, radgan rusTavelis ce-
cxlovan sityvebTan aWrelebulis sityvebis xmareba da
SemoReba codvad CaiTvleba~.
`meris~ erTi pasaJi, xeTa Srialis motivi, rogorc
aRvniSne, `verxvebSi~ ZiriTad Temadaa qceuli.
ra aris `verxvebis~ saTqmeli?
xuTstrofiani leqsis eqspoziciaSi lirikuli gmiri
gvimxels, rom qaris yoveli dabervisas, verxvebis aSri-
alebis dros mas uSoresi zRapari Caesmis:

282
 yovelTvis, roca daberavs qari
da tyes mTebisas gaifrens afrad,
verxvis foTolTa TeTri laSqari
aSrialdeba uSores zRaprad.

gansakuTrebuli mgrZnobelobis gamo verxvma uZve-

lesi xanidan miiqcia yuradReba: Seiqmna araerTi legen-
da. poetebi cdilobdnen poeziis enaze aexsnaT verxvis
foTolTa ucnauri caxcaxi niavis ubralo Sexebisasac ki.
galaktionma siWabukidanve SeamCnia verxvis `Sriali amo
da ucxo~ (`niavi~, `wami Semoqmedebis~), xolo erT adreul
leqsSi – `mSvenierebiT vipove~ – es Sriali mistikuri
idumalebiT Semosa: verxvebi lirikul gmirs ucxo mxaris
binadari winaprebis xmebs asmenineben. rac Seexeba `artis-
tul yvavilebs~, xe-mcenareTa Sriali aq, zogadad, amouc-
nob samyarosTan siaxlovis Tu saidumlosTan ziarebis
niSania (`akakis landi~, `gzaSi~). `verxvebis~ variantebSi
xeTa Srialis jadosnuri, grZneuli xasiaTi, idumali kav-
Siri gardasulTan pirdapiraa gacxadebuli: `grZneul
SrialSi viWer Tanabrad~.
zRapars, romelsac `verxvebis~ lirikuli gmiri is-
mens, ucnauri Tvisebebi – `Troba~ da `xibli~ miewereba.
es Tvisebebi galaktionis simbolistur lirikaSi misti-
kur eqstazs ukavSirdeba da zRapris dafarul, simbolur
`siRrmeze~ migvaniSnebs:

zRapari igi maTrobs da mxiblavs

Zveli Rvinis smiT, ugonod, mZafrad,
sadRac dakargul vards da gvirilebs
mogonebebSi viWer Tanabrad.

`verxvebSi~ mosmenili zRapari da personaJis mogonebe-

bi erTmaneTs erwymis, erTi narativis or, sinonimur vari-
ants qmnis. lirikuli gmiri cdilobs gaixsenos didi xnis
winaT momxdari ambavi, romelic TiTqos uZvelesi drois
283
momxiblav zRapars hgavs, magram am zRapariviT bundovania,
moklebulia konkretul Sinaarss – mTxrobels ar ZaluZs
Tqvas, sad, rodis da risTvis moxda es yovelive, ramac mis
cxovrebasa da sulSi waruSleli kvali datova:

es iyo winad, didi xnis winad....

sad, rodis, risTvis? ar vici, ara!
iyven odesRac da mieZinaT...
Relavs foTlebis mwyobri kamara.

saTqmelis amgvari gaidumaleba damaxasiaTebelia sim-

bolisturi poeziisaTvis. personaJTa `miZineba~, varaudis
doneze, TiTqos gasagebs xdis wina strofSi `vardisa da
gvirilebis~ xsenebas – es yvavilebi, rogorc sasaflaos
Semamkobelni, erTxelac gvxvdeba `artistul yvavilebSi~:
`aq mwuxare sasaflaos vardiT da gviriliT...~ (`mTawmindis
mTvare~).
leqsis Sinaarsidan gamomdinare, `zRapris~ persona-
Jebad SeiZleba Seyvarebuli vaJi da misi trfobis obieqti
– qali vivaraudoT. am konteqstSi, vfiqrob, saWiro in-
formacias gvawvdis krebulis kidev erTi teqsti – `zRapa-
ri~, romelic ase sruldeba: `sCans: sasikvdilod am siy-
varuls ar venanebi!~
mogonebebs, romlebic, rogorc Cans, tragikulobas
moklebuli araa, sakuTari xvedris gansja cvlis. Sesi-
tyvebiT `mas Semdeg~ lirikuli gmiri warsulSi xetiali-
dan realobas ubrundeba. leqsSi Cndeba mimarTvis konkre-
tuli obieqti – `Sen~:

mas Semdeg bedi da ialqani

qaris simZimiT gadaixara,
Sen ki sada xar amdeni xani?
risTvis, an visTan? ar vici, ara!

am strofis pirveli-meore striqonebi exmaureba

`meris~ dramatul frazas – `bedi, romelic me ar meRirsa/
284
qars mihyveboda...~. garda amisa, aq pirvelad gaismis kiTxva
– `Sen ki sada xar~, romelic Semdeg da Semdeg galaktio-
nis lirikisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli xdeba: `neta exla sada
xar~, an `sada xar, sada xar, sada xar~... gansakuTrebiT sain-
teresoa is, rom gaurkvevloba da idumaleba, rac zRapris
personaJTa bedTan iyo dakavSirebuli, amjerad liriku-
li gmiris satrfos miemarTeba. kiTxvebi mcire cvlilebiT
meordeba – `sad, rodis, risTvis~ / `sad, risTvis, visTan~.
msgavsia pasuxic: `ar vici, ara~. rogorc vxedavT, leqsSi
gadmocemuli ori ambis Serwyma, razec zemoT mivaniSneT,
sruliad aSkaraa. es gaigiveba nawarmoebis bolos leqsi-
kur donezec dasturdeba, sadac mesame strofis fraza `es
iyo winad, didi xnis winad~ ucvlelad meordeba:

es iyo winad, didi xnis winad,

es iyo verxvis foTlebis kvnesa.

lirikuli gmiris adresatis, misi satrfos bedis

gaTanabreba zRapris personaJTa xvedrTan dro-sivrcis
pirobiTobidan gasvlaa, ris Sedegadac iqmneba erTiani
paradigma realuri da irealuri SreebiT.
leqsis sazrisis Ziebis gzaze gansakuTrebiT mniS-
vnelovania nawarmoebis bolo ori striqoni:

drom yvavilebiT dagvagvirgvina,

me paJi viyav – is ki princesa.

qal-vaJis urTierToba aq warmodgenilia kidev erTi

versiiT, rogorc paJis trfoba princesasadmi. paJisa da
princesas urTierTobis paradigma gasagebs xdis aramar-
to `verxvebis~ personaJTa beds, aramed `meris~ lirikuli
gmiris tragediasac – unugeSo siyvarulis mizezs, `ambis~
winareistorias da mis dramatul dasasruls.
am logikiT, vfiqrob, SesaZlebelia, rom `verxvebi~ e.w
meris ciklis leqsad moviazroT.
285
 ***
paJis trfoba princesasadmi/dedoflisadmi romanti-
kul-simbolisturi lirikis kargad nacnobi Temaa. gavix-
senoT Tundac haines leqsi `***cxovrobda beri xelmwife~,
romelSic axalgazrda, lamazi dedoflisa da oqrosTmi-
ani paJis gaumxelel grZnobas – `Zvel simReras~ vismenT.
leqsis fiali aseTia:
ici es Zveli simRera?
hangi uTqmeli urvis?
orive Cumad mouklavs
erTimeoris survils.

paJisa da princesas urTierTobis Sesaxeb araerTi

nawarmoebi Seiqmna meoce saukunis dasawyisis – `vercxlis
xanis~ rusul poeziaSi. am TemiT sxvadasxva dros dain-
teresdnen: f. sologubi, z. gipiusi, n. gumiliovi, m. cve-
taeva, i. severianini da araerTi sxva poeti. arsebobda
gamoTqmac – paJiviT Seyvarebuli (влюбленный, как паж),
romelsac m. cvetaeva mimarTavs erT-erT leqsSi. amave
avtorTan vxvdebiT striqonebs, romlebic asociaciiT
galaktionis `verxvebs~ gvaxsenebs:
Чуть колышутся березы,
Ветерок свежей.
Ты во сне увидишь слезы
Брошенных пажей.*

es asociacia, cxadia, Temis msgavsebiT SeiZleba aixs-

nas. gasarkvevi sul sxva ramea: marTlac xom ar amJRavnebs
galaktionis `verxvebi~ paJisa da princesas Sesaxeb arse-
buli mravalricxovani nawarmoebebidan romelimesTan
siaxloves? am kiTxvaze pasuxis gasacemad mivmarToT po-
etis SemoqmedebiT laboratorias, leqsis xelnawerebs da
variantebs.
* `odnav irxevian aryis xeebi, qris grili niavi, sizmrad naxav mitovebuli
paJebis cremlebs~.
286
 ***
arsebobs `verxvebis~ ori avtografi. amaTgan erTi nas-
worebia da leqsis Seqmnis sawyis etaps asaxavs, xolo meore
mcired gansxvavdeba saboloo teqstisagan _ sworebebi
masSi TiTqmis ar aris Setanili.
pirvel xelnawerSi Tavidanve yuradRebas iqcevs is,
rom nawarmoebis saTauri `verxvebi~ ki araa, aramed – `ras
amboben verxvebi~, Tanac – brWyalebSi Casmuli. iqve, fur-
clis boloSi, miwerilia sityvebi: `foTlebis saubari~
(J. rodenbaxi). minawerSi galaktions `foTlebis~ gada-
uxazavs da Seucvlia sityviT `oTaxebis~.
brWyalebSi Casmulma saTurma da minawerma gaaCina
varaudi, rom isini romelime konkretul teqstTan kav-
Sirze migvaniSnebdnen. amgvari miniSnebani STagonebis
wyaroze galaktionis xelnawerebSi arcTu iSviaTia, ami-
tom poetis minaweris kvalს gavyeviT.
evropuli simbolizmis erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesi
warmomadgenlis, belgieli frangulenovani poetisa da
prozaikosis – JorJ rodenbaxis (1855-1898) Semoqmedeba
gansakuTrebiT popularuli iyo qarTvel simbolistTa
– `cisferyanwelTa~ Soris, romlebTanac galaktions
garkveul periodSi mWidro piradi da SemoqmedebiTi urT-
ierToba hqonda.
`oTaxebis saubari~, – da ara foTlebis, – rac ga-
laktionma avtografs miawera, JorJ rodenbaxis cnobili
vrceli leqsia, magram `verxvebi~ masTan raime siaxloves
ar amJRavnebs. ar moiZebna am avtoris sxva teqstic, ro-
melic galaktionis leqsTan raime aspeqtiT iqneboda
dakavSirebuli.
kvlevis am etapze pasuxgaucemeli rCeboda kiTxva: ra-
tom Casva galaktionma sakuTari nawarmoebis saTauri
– `ras amboben verxvebi~ – brWyalebSi. Ziebis am kuTxiT
gagrZelebam moulodneli da saintereso Sedegi gamoiRo.
aRmoCnda, rom 1912 wels – JurnalSi `grdemli~ gamoqvey-
nebuli yofila ia ekalaZis moTxroba zustad im saTa-
287
uriT – `ras amboben verxvebi...~, – ra saTauric hqonda
galaktionis `verxvebs~ xelnawerSi.
vidre `verxvebis~ sawyis variantsa da ia ekalaZis
moTxrobas Soris mimarTebaze visaubrebT, gavixsenoT
zogi ram moTxrobis avtorsa da masTan galaktionis
damokidebulebaze.
ia ekalaZe (iakob cincaZe 1872-1933) cnobili pedagogi,
sazogado moRvawe da mwerali iyo. 1920-ian wlebSi man ori
werili gamoaqveyna Tavisi yofili moswavlis, ukve aRiare-
buli poetis – galaktionis Semoqmedebis Sesaxeb. avtor-
ma axalgazrda mgosani sazogadoebas warudgina, rogorc
`naTluli TviT poeziis RmerTisa~ da mouwoda, meti yur-
adReba gamoeCina misi RvTaebrivi niWisadmi.
galaktioni, Tavis mxriv, did mowiwebas iCenda maswav-
leblisa da ufrosi kolegis mimarT da ori leqsi miuZRvna
ia ekalaZes `niSnad siyvarulisa da udidesi pativiscemis~.
eWvi araa, rom Wabuki galaktioni, romelic waukiTxavs
arafers tovebda, aucileblad gaecnoboda Tavisi maswav-
leblis moTxrobas – `ras amboben verxvebi...~, romelsac,
sxvaTa Soris, publikaciisTanave dadebiTad gamoexmaura
saliteraturo kritika. 1912 wels dabeWdil recenziaSi
xomleli (romanoz fancxava) sagangebod msjelobda am
nawarmoebis Rirsebebze.
ia ekalaZis moTxroba qalisa da vaJis siyvarulis ambavs
gadmogvcems:

zafxulis erT dRes – arCili megobarTan – kotesTan

stumrad Cadis gorianaSi, sadac siymawvile gaatara. didi
xani gavida mas Semdeg, rac am qalaqSi aRar yofila. nacnobi
adgilebis Tvalierebisas mis yuradRebas upirvelesad ver-
xvebi miipyrobs: `ager isev is verxvebi, darajad rom dasdgo-
mian kotes ezos da medidurad gauSliaT totebi... mTvlemare
xeebi Seirxnen, totebi Seibertyes, verxvis foTlebma sixa-
ruliT taSi daukres da mere mohyvnen saidumloebiT aRsavse
dausrulebel JReras... tokavdnen verxvebi... tkbili mosas-
288
meni iyo maTi Sriali da arCilmac Tvali da yuri veRar mo-
aSora verxvTa totebisa da foTlebis celqobas~.
igi iqve Camojda da fiqrs mieca. fiqrobda verxvis foTle-
bze, rom `verxvebi gulSi igubeben netar grZnobas, izepire-
ben dausrulebel zRaprebs, uxmod, usityvod imeoreben sa-
idumlo grZneulebiT aRsavse locvebs, rom mere yvelaferi
dawvrilebiT uambon Taviss aSiks, sanatrel sios~.
arCili usmenda verxvis foTolTa saidumlo CurCuls da
Tavisi gulisTqmisa da suliskveTebis gamoxmobas, anarekls
swored am saidumlo xmebSi poulobda. mas moagonda warsu-
li, rodesac am qalaqSi saswavleblad Camoiyvanes, moagonda
pirveli siyvaruli da udidesi imedgacrueba, simwvave Ra-
latisa, rodesac satrfo colad viRac oficers gahyva...
vaJi mogonebebidan gamoerkva da moedanze Segrove-
bul xalxs daakvirda. am dros erTi moseirne qalTagani
gamoelaparaka. nano aRmoCnda – misi pirveli siyvaruli. na-
nos qmari omSi wasuliyo da qali mSobliur saxls dabrune-
boda. verxvebis qveS Camosxdnen, ukanaskneli Sexvedris Rame
gaixsenes. saubari verxvebze Camovarda.
– neta ra aqvT saTqmeli an ras amboben?... – ikiTxa nanom.
– ras amboben verxvebi? – gaimeora arCilma da verxvTa `sau-
bris~ gadmocema daiwyo – me mgonia es verxvebi mogviTxro-
ben im saocnebo zRapars, im miuwvdomelsa da dausrulebel
ambavs, romlis mosmenac, romlis aRsrulebac swyuria da-
Cagrul adamians... verxvebi amboben, rom im saocnebo qveya-
naSi, im didebul samefoSi meocnebeni rom Seqmnas upiroben,
aRimarTeba mkvidri sakurTxeveli Tavisuflebisa, siyvaru-
lisa da adamianuris urTierTobisa...
Zvelma grZnobam Tavi iCina, Tumca viRacis xarxarma ma-
leve gamoafxizla isini. qals qmar-Svili moagonda. arCili
amaod evedreboda, wasuliyvnen erTad, daewyoT ganaxlebuli
cxovreba.
verxvebi Zveleburad Srialebdnen da kvlav Tavis daus-
rulebel zRapars ganagrZobdnen.

289
 saTaurTa igiveobis garda, rogorc vxedavT, or nawar-
moebs bevri sxvac aqvs saerTo. galaktionTan meordeba
verxvis foTolTa Srialis, maTi gasulierebisa da zRa-
pris Txrobis motivi. poeturoba da idumaleba, rac ia eka-
laZis moTxrobas mkveTrad gamoarCevs siyvarulis Temaze
dawerili, im periodis uamravi trafaretuli teqstisa-
gan, rogorc Cans, SeuCneveli ar darCenia galaktions da
leqsis Seqmnis impulsic misca. rasakvirvelia, poets az-
radac ar mosvlia, moTxroba gaeleqsa. galaktionma, ro-
gorc sxva drosac moqceula (ix. doiaSvili 2013: 221-228),
sasiyvarulo `ambavSi~ Setanili da misTvis ucxo, abstraq-
tuli humanizmis saburvelSi gaxveuli yofiT-sociaulu-
ri problematika, – vgulisxmob arCilis pasuxs mis mierve
dasmul kiTxvaze: ras amboben verxvebi? _ Tavisi liri-
kis da, zogadad, simbolisturi poeziis konceptualur
sivrceSi gadaitana: erTi mxriv, `ambavs~ mistikuri idum-
aleba da siRrme misca (zRapris Tema), meore mxriv ki, Cveu-
lebrivi adamianebis drama paJisa da princesas simbolur
urTierTobamde aamaRla.
am kuTxiT metad mniSvnelovania avtografis erTi de-
tali: ia ekalaZis moTxrobis saTauria `ras amboben verx-
vebi...~. es fraza, rogorc vnaxeT, teqstis finalSi kiTx-
vis formiT meordeba (`ras amboben verxvebi?~) da pasuxic,
vrceli tiradis saxiT, iqvea gacemuli.
galaktionis avtografSi aseTi suraTia: moTxrobidan
aRebuli saTauri aq brWyalebSi ki aris Casmuli, magram
daxuruli brWyalis Semdeg dasmulia kiTxvis niSani. iqm-
neba sruli STabeWdileba imisa, rom poeti, romelmac
moTxrobidan ukve icis am kiTxvaze pasuxi, ar iziarebs mas,
mainc svams am kiTxvas da Semdeg Tavis gansxvavebul pasux-
sac gvTavazobs. am logikiT, `verxvebi~, rogorc irkveva,
galaktionis versiaa, miseuli pasuxia dasmul kiTxvaze,
oRond simbolizmis konceptualur-esTetikur sistemaSi
gadatanili.
290
 leqsis realur planSi galaktioni moTxrobidan mom-
dinare personaJTa – qal-vaJis xvedrs, maTi arSemdgari
siyvarulis siuJets paJisa da princesas simboluri sax-
eebiT akeTilSobilebs da ganazogadebs, xolo nawarmoe-
bis meore, faruli Sre mistikur saidumlos gvaziarebs:
`verxvebis~ lirikuli subieqti, iseve rogorc `meris~ da
araerTi sxva leqsis lirikuli gmiri, etrfis ara realur
qals, aramed – idealur arsebas, romlis zogadi saxelia
maradqaluri, simbolistur leqsebSi ki SeiZleba erqvas
qalwuli, meri, nugeSi, dedofali, princesa...
nawarmoebis or Sreze saubrisas, vfiqrob, saintereso
unda iyos erTi faqti teqstis recefciis istoriidan:
sityva-saxeebma `paJi~ da `princesa~, rogorc vnaxeT,
`verxvebis~ erT-erTi pirveli Semfasebeli s. leoniZe
gaaRiziana. man es leqsikuri erTeulebi aRiqva, rogorc,
ubralod, ucxouri sityvebis Semotana-damkvidrebis mo-
duri cda; sxvagvarad Seafasa es saxeebi demna Sengelaiam –
im dros simbolizmiT gatacebulma axalgazrda mweralma.
man `artistuli yvavilebisadmi~ miZRvnil werilSi, ro-
melic 1919 wels gamoqveynda, paJis simboloSi da prince-
sasadmi / dedoflisadmi trfobis narativSi mxolod erTi
leqsis, `verxvebis~, personaJi ki ar dainaxa, aramed mTeli
krebulis paradigmuli gmiri da misi sevdiani Tavgadasa-
vali (Sengelaia 1919).
sityvas `princesa~ galaktioni Zalian iSviaTad iyenebs.
mis mravalricxovan Canawerebsa da mimoweraSi igi mxolod
erTxel gvxvdeba – 1916 wels, olia okujavasTan gagzavnil
werilSi: `olia, iyavi rogorc princessa~.
ra kavSiri arsebobs `verxvebsa~ da am werils Soris?
ra SeiZleba hqondeT saerTo princesas, rogorc leqsis
personaJs, da poetis realur satrfos – olias? cnobi-
lia, rom galaktionisadmi olia okujavas ojaxs mkveTrad
uaryofiTi damokidebuleba hqonda, ojaxis wevrebi ax-
algazrda, arafrismqone, Rarib poets quCis biWad moix-
seniebdnen da qaliSvils masTan urTierTobas mkacrad
291
ukrZalavdnen. im periodSi, roca iwereboda werili da
nawarmoebi, olia, pirdapiri mniSvnelobiT, galaktion-
isTvis namdvili, miuwvdomeli princesa iyo. meocnebe po-
eti ar egueboda sinamdviles, cdilobda, Tavis leqsebSi
realoba ise gardaesaxa, rom konkretuli qalis miRma ide-
ali – princesa, `ocnebis TeTri angelozi~ daenaxa, visTvi-
sac igi erTguli paJi iqneboda.

P. S.
1921 wlidan qveyanaSi politikur-ideologiuri vi-
Tarebis mkveTri cvlilebis gamo, galaktioni TandaTan
iZulebuli gaxda Seecvala leqsebis Tematika, uari eTqva
Zvel ganwyobilebebsa da motivebze. gadamwyveti am mxriv
1924 weli aRmoCnda, rodesac cenzuram poemaSi `mogonebe-
bi im dReebis, roca ielva~ agvistos ajanyebis gamoZaxili
amoikiTxa. Jurnal `mnaTobis~ mTeli tiraJi gaanadgures,
galaktionma ki ramdenime dRe cixeSi gaatara.
1924 welsve daiwera leqsi `TeatrSi~, rogorc erT-
gvari gamoTxoveba `artistuli yvavilebis~ personaJeb-
Tan – paJsa da princesasTan, rogorc dasasruli miraJisa,
poeturi speqtaklebisa:

orkestris xmaSi – tyis napiria,

aktis gmiria qali da vaJi,
ocnebis raSi vis rad sWiria,
vis rad sWiria exla miraJi.

TvalebiT naTliT gaditvirTeba

iq dedofali, aq misi paJi,
voltorni yvelas miraJs pirdeba,
vis rad sWirdeba exla miraJi...

292
 damowmebani:

doiaSvili 2013: doiaSvili T. motiral-mocinari. Tbilisi: gamomcem-

loba `sityva~, 2013.
v. C. 1919: v. C. (v. Cxenkeli) galaqtion tabiZe: Crane aux fleurs artistiques.
Jurn. `Svidi mnaTobi~, 1919, № 2.
leoniZe 1916: leoniZe s. `sxivi~ literaturuli-samxatvro krebuli.
Jurn. `Teatri da cxovreba~, 1916, №15.
saturni 1916: saturni (al. abaSeli). poetika. almanaxi `axali ciskari~,
1916, № 1.
tabiZe 2016: tabiZe g. Txzulebani TxuTmet tomad. t. II. Tbilisi: 2016.
Sengelaia 1919: Sengelia d. galaqtion tabiZe (silueti). Jurn. `ili-
oni~, 1922, №2.

293
levan beburiSvili

grei da zeinabi

`Semodgomis fragmenti~, romlis personaJebadac gvev-

linebian grei da zeinabi, XVI leqsadaa warmodgenili
`artistul yvavilebSi~.
nawarmoebi Semodgomis naRvliani suraTis aRweriT
iwyeba:
oh! es foTlebi, cvenili qariT,
es mwuxare da nazi zmaneba,
es yvavilebi, es ca, miTxariT,
aravis Tqvengans ar enaneba?
(tabiZe 2016b: 74)

am sevdismomgvreli peizaJis fonze iSleba leqsis

lirikuli siuJetic, Cndebian lirikuli personaJebi –
bilikze `dabindul wyvilad~, mowyeniT mimavali qali da
vaJi.
mesame-meoTxe strofebSi am personaJTa sulieri bi-
ografiaa gadmocemuli. poeti SekumSulad, zedmeti de-
talizaciis gareSe migvaniSnebs maT kontrastul pirov-
nul bunebaze. erT maTgans RvTaebrivi sxivi ukrToda
sulSi, surda amaRlebuli siyvaruliT ecxovra, magram
amqveynad ver hpova Tavisi ideali:

cxovrobda vinme... gulSi faruli

uTrToda ciur SuqTa kamara:
am qveynad surda mas siyvaruli,
magram veravin ver Seiyvara!
(tabiZe 2016b: 74)

meorem ki sakuTari guli vnebaTa sabrZanisad aqcia da

maT dakmayofilebas miuZRvna sicocxle:

294
 iyo meore: daswves, dadages
vnebebma misi mxurvale guli,
rodesac vardTa sisxlian bages
ewafeboda TvaldaxuWuli.
(tabiZe 2016b: 74)

Semdeg strofSi poeti migvaniSnebs raRac idumal

mizezze, ramac axalgazrdobis naadrevi Wknoba, sulier
ZalTa daferfvla gamoiwvia (sagulisxmoa, rom leqsSi
naxsenebia `Cumi gandoba~, anu – saidumlos gamxela, rasac
mosdevs TvalTa sielvaris qroba). tragikuli intonacia
msWvalavs ritorikul SekiTxvas: `...ase mWknari axalgaz-
rdoba nuTu aravis ar enaneba?~
bunebac TiTqos oxvriT TanaugrZnobs `Semodgomis
gzebze~ mimaval, raRac uTqmeli naRveliT damZimebul
wyvils. ukanasknel taepSi poeti, savaraudod, am liri-
kul personaJTa saxelebs gvimxels: `da Semodgomis gzeb-
ze daRlili midian grei da zeinabi~.
saerTod, Semodgoma galaktionis poeziaSi mraval-
mxrivi Sinaarsis mqone konceptia da, rogorc wesi, daka-
vSirebulia mwuxarebasTan, WknobasTan, vnebebis dacxro-
basTan, sulier SeWirvebasTan (ix. mag., leqsebi: `dgeba
Semodgoma~, `Sen da Semodgoma~, `Semodgoma `umanko Casa-
xebis~ mamaTa savaneSi~ da sxv.).
nawarmoebis gacnobis Semdeg araerTi kiTxva Cndeba:
vin SeiZleba iyvnen grei da zeinabi? – realuri pirov-
nebani, konkretuli literaturuli biografiis mqone
personaJebi, Tu poetis warmosaxviT Seqmnili simbolo-
ebi? ram gamoiwvia maTi axalgazrdobis naadrevi Wknoba?
ra sevdasa da safiqrals moucavs maTi arseba? ratom
midian isini `daRlilni~ Semodgomis gzebze?
leqsSi Caqsovili saidumlos amoxsna, cxadia, did-
wilad lirikul personaJTa swor identifikaciazea da-
mokidebuli. galaktion tabiZis TxzulebaTa axali aka-
demiuri gamocemis komentarebSi miTiTebulia, rom leq-

295
sSi naxsenebi grei unda iyos dorian grei, oskar uaildis
(1854-1900) romanis – `dorian greis portreti~ – mTavari
personaJi, xolo zeinabi, savaraudod, – cnobili qar-
Tveli dramaturgis aleqsandre sumbaTaSvilis (1857-
1927) piesa `Ralatis~ erT-erTi mTavari moqmedi piri
(tabiZe 2016b: 219).
`dorian greis portreti~ modernistuli epoqis erT-
erTi sakulto romani iyo, amdenad, am nawarmoebis mTava-
ri gmiris gamoCena galaktionis simbolisturi periodis
lirikaSi, cxadia, araa gasakviri.
SedarebiT uCveulo Cans leqsSi al. sumbaTaSvilis*
istoriul-patriotuli dramis – `Ralatis~ – mTavari
moqmedi piris – dedofal zeinabis xseneba, miT umetes,
misi dawyvileba dorian greisTan. bunebrivia, ibadeba
kiTxva: iqneb zeinabi sulac araa sumbaTaSvilis dramidan
momdinare saxe? romelime sxva literaturuli wyaroTi
xom ar sargeblobs galaktioni?
zeinabi poetis sxva leqsebSicaa naxsenebi. magali-
Tad, `artistuli yvavilebis~ erT-erTi leqsis (`me mo-
val~) avtograful variantSi erT taeps miwerili aqvs:
`zeinab, Tamari~. al. sumbaTaSvilis nawarmoebis mixed-
viT, dedofal zeinabis namdvili saxelia Tamari, zeina-
bad igi iwodeba gamahmadianebis Semdeg. aqedan savaraudoa,
rom galaktionis poeziaSi zeinabi xsenebuli istoriuli
dramidan momdinare saxe unda iyos.

* aleqsandre sumbaTaSvili-iuJini (1857-1927) – rusulenovani qarTveli

dramaturgi da msaxiobi. 1882 wlidan gardacvalebamde moRvaweobda
moskovis mcire TeatrSi. sxvadasxva dros iyo Teatris dasis mmarTveli,
samxatvro sabWos Tavmjdomare, direqtori, sapatio direqtori. 1922
wels mieniWa ruseTis saxalxo artistis wodeba. al. sumbaTaSvili avtoria
ocamde piesisa. gansakuTrebuli popularoba moipova misma drama-legendam
„Ralati“ (1903), romelic Cveni qveynis istoriuli warsuliTaa STagonebuli.
piesam qarTveli da rusi mayureblis erTsulovani aRtaceba gamoiwvia.
1903-1906 wlebSi Sesrulda dramis oTxi damoukidebeli qarTuli Targmani
(mTargmnelebi: kote mesxi, grigol yifSiZe, akaki wereTeli, nikoloz
avaliSvili). `Ralati~ sistematurad idgmeboda qarTul scenaze da didi
warmatebiTac sargeblobda (nawarmoebis SemoqmedebiTi istoriisa da misi
sazogadoebrivi rezonansis Sesaxeb ix.: CxikviSvili 1984: 286-332).
296
 es personaJi naxsenebia agreTve poetis 20-iani wlebis
leqsSi `mSvidobiani simRera debis~:

ifineboda zRvebis saburi

talRaTa Soris navTa mmosaveT,
gamoqroleba zeinaburi
da silaJvarde udabnosaviT.
(tabiZe 2016g: 140)

leqsis warmodgenili monakveTi sakmaod bundovania,

Tumca erTi ramis Tqma ki SeiZleba konteqstis mixedviT:
zeinabi poetisaTvis asocirdeba aqtiur, boboqar, miwier
stiqiasTan. strofSi aSkaraa opozicia ori sawyisisa – ze-
inaburi qrolvis da zeciuri myudroebis – udabnoseburi
silaJvardisa.
al. sumbaTaSvilis dramis mTavari gmiri, mizezTa gamo,
meoce saukunis dasawyisis saqarTveloSi metad popu-
larul personaJad iqca da, rogorc Cans, arc galaktioni
dautovebia gulgrili.
zemoTqmulis gaTvaliswinebis Semdeg gasarkvevia mTa-
vari sakiTxi: rogoria dorian greisa da zeinabis mxat-
vrul saxeTa galaktioniseuli aRqma? ra konceptualu-
ri safuZveli SeiZleba hqondes `Semodgomis fragmen-
tSi~ genetikurad da tipologiurad erTmaneTisagan ase
daSorebuli personaJebis ucnaur dawyvilebas?
saerTod, cnobili literaturuli gmirebis galakti-
oniseuli recefcia metad Taviseburia da rig SemTxveva-
Si gansxvavdeba ama Tu im literaturuli tipis tradici-
uli, kanonizebuli aRqmisagan. sazogadod, simbolis-
tebma TavianTi msoflxedvis, axali cnobierebis Suqze
scades klasikuri mwerlobis gadaazreba da tradici-
ul literaturul saxeebSi axali Sinaarsis Setana, zog
SemTxvevaSi ki im aradominanturi, meoreuli Tvisebebis
aqcentireba, rac potenciurad devs ama Tu im mxatvrul
xasiaTSi. galaktionis SemoqmedebaSic, cxadia, vxvdebiT
297
klasikuri literaturuli personaJebis subieqturi
interpretaciis SemTxvevebs. amis erTi magaliTia Tun-
dac istoriuli rusudanisa da akaki wereTlis Tamar
cbieris saxeTa galaktioniseuli interpretacia mis ad-
reul baladaSi `Tasi~ (aRniSnuli sakiTxis Taobaze ix.:
doiaSvili 2013).
greisa da zeinabis saxeTa poetiseuli aRqmis gasa-
azreblad, pirvel yovlisa, gasarkvevia, romel personaJs
romeli daxasiaTeba miemarTeba `Semodgomis fragmentSi~.
leqsis mixedviT, erTi maTganis sulieri portreti aseTia:

cxovrobda vinme... gulSi faruli

uTrToda ciur SuqTa kamara:
am qveynad surda mas siyvaruli,
magram veravin ver Seiyvara!

aq, vfiqrobT, vaJis – dorian greis Sesaxebaa saubari.

Tavis romanSi oskar uaildi araerTgzis miuTiTebs
dorian greis pirvelyofil sulier siwmindesa da ubiwoe-
baze. movitanoT Sesabamisi amonaweri nawarmoebidan: `mis
[dorianis] gamometyvelebaSi erTi SexedviTve amoikiTx-
avdiT iseT rames, rac misdami uCveulo rwmenas ginergav-
daT. masSi mgznebare ubiwoebasTan erTad axalgazrduli si-
wminde da gulwrfeloba igrZnoboda. TiTqos amqveyniuri
laqa jer mis suls ar gahkarebiao~ (uaildi 1982: 28). po-
etis sityvebi – `amqveynad surda mas siyvaruli, magram ve-
ravin ver Seiyvara~, – aseve exmianeba romanis erT pasaJs. si-
cocxlis miwuruls, imedgacruebuli dorian grei Zlier
ganicdis, rom ver SeZlo amqveynad amaRlebuli siyvarulis
mopoveba `– oh, netav SemeZlos vinmes Seyvareba, – warmoTqva
dorian greim da saocari paTosi gaisma mis xmaSi, – magram,
rogorc Cans, amis unari ukve didi xania davkarge~ (uaildi
1982: 291).
erTi sityviT, `Semodgomis fragmentSi~ dorian grei
galaktionis recefciaSi Semodis, rogorc sulierad
298
faqizi, amaRlebul siyvarulze meocnebe Wabuki, anu – im
saxiT, rogoradac doriani gvevlineba Tavisi cxovrebis
pirvel etapze.
leqsis meore personaJi amgvaradaa daxasiaTebuli:

iyo meore: daswves, dadages

vnebebma misi mxurvale guli,
rodesac vardTa sisxlian bages
ewafeboda TvaldaxuWuli.

amTaviTve unda iTqvas, rom es daxasiaTeba naklebad

Seesabameba al. sumbaTaSvilis dramis mTavar moqmed pirs.
vinaidan dResdReobiT piesa `Ralati~ farTo sazogadoe-
bisaTvis maincdamainc cnobili ar aris, mkiTxvels mok-
led SevaxsenebT nawarmoebis fabulas.
al. sumbaTaSvilis dramas mxolod pirobiTad Tu SeiZ-
leba ewodos istoriuli. masSi ar aris asaxuli konkre-
tuli istoriuli viTareba, gamogonilni arian nawarmoe-
bis personaJebic. rogorc piesis winasityvaobaSi Tavad
avtoric aRniSnavs, misi, rogorc dramaturgis, mizani iyo
ara Cveni qveynis istoriis romelime konkretuli monak-
veTis aRwera, aramed sjulisa da erovnebis SenarCunebi-
saTvis qarTvelTa Tavdadebuli brZolis zogadi suraTis
Cveneba da am diad saqmeSi qarTveli qalis gansakuTrebu-
li wvlilis gamokveTa.
dramis mokle Sinaarsi aseTia: saqarTvelos Semoeseva
arabi dampyrobeli soleimani, romelic aaoxrebs qveya-
nas, brZolaSi moklavs qarTvelTa mefe Teimurazs da mis
umSvenieres meuRles – Tamars (gamahmadianebis Semdeg ze-
inabad wodebuls) colad daisvams. soleimans hgonia, rom
mefesTan erTad mokla taxtis Cvili memkvidrec, Tumca,
sinamdvileSi, dedofali moaxerxebs mis gadamalvas. sa-
kuTar Zes igi abarebs glex ananias, visTanac bavSvi izr-
deba ise, rom ar icis Tavisi vinaoba. oci wlis ganmavlo-
baSi, sanam ufliswuli srulwlovanebas miaRwevs, zeinabi
299
erTgulad emsaxureba soleimans, tols ar udebs mas qve-
Sevrdomebisadmi gamovlenil sisastikeSi da amgvarad mis
did ndobasac moipovebs. Tumca mTeli am drois manZilze
dedofali dampyrobelze sastik SurisZiebas amzadebs.
rodesac zeinabi igrZnobs eris sulier ZalTa momwife-
bas amboxisaTvis, igi inaxulebs sakuTar Svils, gaandobs
mas simarTles da miscems brZolis dawyebis kurTxevas. ga-
damwyvet momentSi zeinabi Ralatobs soleimans, rasac
saxalxo ajanyeba da qarTvelTa gamarjveba mosdevs. Tum-
ca mZimea safasuri am gamarjvebisa. brZolas ewireba siy-
varulisagan Tavgzaabneuli taxtis memkvidris sicocx-
le. eldanacemi deda sakuTari Svilis cxedarTan iklavs
Tavs.
Tavisi SinaarsiT, arqiteqtonikiT, siuJeturi ganvi-
Tarebis dinamizmiTa da Sinagani dramatizmiT `Ralati~
udavod pirvelxarisxovan piesaTa rigs miekuTvneba da
avtoris did dramaturgiul ostatobaze metyvelebs.
al. sumbaTaSvilis piesam erTianad monusxa da aRafr-
Tovana qarTveli mayurebeli. daibeWda araerTi gamox-
maureba da recenzia. ramdenjerme moewyo nawarmoebis
personaJTa literaturuli gasamarTleba, romelSic
monawileoba miiRes: akaki wereTelma, grigol robaqiZem
da Cveni inteligenciis sxva cnobilma warmomadgenlebma.
SemorCenilia literaturul sasamarTloze zeinabis da-
sacavad warmoTqmuli sityvebi akaki wereTlisa da gr.
robaqiZisa. aRtacebuli akaki acxadebda: „...Cven meti ara
gvrCeba ra, rom Tayvani vsceT zeinabs! rogorc ideals
gadasul dedebisas. vaSa Zveli dedebis saxsovars da im
mraval qarTvel qalebs, romelnic ecdebian maT mimbaZa-
obas!“ (wereTeli 1961: 602). grigol robaqiZe ki aRniSnav-
da: „dedofali zeinab TviTon tanjvaa. Zvirad moipoveba
msoflio istoriaSi aseTi maRali tragikuli gmiri, ro-
goric aris zeinab. misi msxverpli saSinelia da ganmwmen-
deli“ (robaqiZe 1910: 4).
300
 XX saukunis dasawyisis saqarTveloSi zeinabi uaRre-
sad popularul personaJad iqca, ase rom galaktionis in-
teresi misdami sruliad bunebrivia.
magram ra vuyoT im faqts, rom zeinabis galaktionise-
uli portreti naklebad Seesabameba sumbaTaSvilis dra-
mis mTavari gmiris realur saxes? galaktionis daxasiaTe-
baSi sagangebodaa aqcentirebuli personaJis vnebianoba
(`iyo meore, daswves, dadages vnebebma misi mxurvale gu-
li~). Tu vnebis cnebas farTo azriT gavigebT, maSin kidev
SeiZleba raRac gadaZaxilis danaxva, ramdenadac `Ra-
latSi~ dedofali marTlac Sepyrobilia vnebiT, oRondac
erTaderTi vnebiT. es vneba – SurisZiebaa. magram galak-
tionTan `vnebebi~ mravlobiT ricxvSia naxsenebi, amasTa-
nave, konteqstis mixedviT Cans, rom poets mxedvelobaSi
aqvs upiratesad xorcieli vneba, – vaJis zeciuri `vnebebis~
sapirispirod. sityvebi – `rodesac vardTa sisxlian bages
ewafeboda TvaldaxuWuli~, – aSkara evfemisturi miniSne-
baa personaJis boboqar xorciel vnebebze. sumbaTaSvilis
zeinabis saxeSi ki gagviWirdeba iseTi niuansebis danaxva,
rac galaktionisaTvis biZgis mimcemi SeiZleba gamxdariyo,
rom am TvaliT aReqva `Ralatis~ mTavari gmiri. nawarmo-
ebis mixedviT, zeinabs ar aqvs araviTari amgvari gulis-
Tqma. igi erTaderTi `vnebiTaa~ Sepyrobili – Suri iZios
soleimanze da monobis uRlisagan ixsnas samSoblo.
aRsaniSnavia isic, rom greisa da zeinabis mxatvrul
saxeTa Soris ar SeimCneva gadakveTis arc erTi iseTi
wertili, rac, logikurad Tu ara, raimenairad mainc axs-
nida da gaamarTlebda maT dawyvilebas `Semodgomis frag-
mentSi~. leqsSi maT dakavSirebas TiTqos xelovnuri el-
feri dahkravs, ramdenadac igi arc nawarmoebTa saerTo
problematikidan, arc genetikuri naTesaobidan da arc
saxeTa tipologiuri msgavsebidan ar gamomdinareobs.
am winaaRmdegobam gvaiZula, rom sxva sibrtyeze gveZeb-
na `Semodgomis fragmentSi~ greisa da zeinabis dawyvile-
bis mizezi...
301
 ***
davubrundeT kvlav nawarmoebis teqsts. yuradRe-
biT davakvirdeT personaJTa portretebs da Tvali mi-
vadevnoT lirikuli siuJetis ganviTarebas. vcadoT
leqsSi reminiscenciaTa da interteqstualur kavSirTa
gamovlena.
nawarmoebis pirveli personaJis daxasiaTebaSi aRniS-
nulia, rom mas gulSi `ciur SuqTa kamara~ uTrToda.
Sesityveba `SuqTa kamara~ `artistuli yvavilebis~ sxva
teqstisaken – `lurja cxenebisaken~ gvagzavnis: `mxolod
SuqTa kamara veraferma dafara...~. xsenebuli sintagma,
romelic mxolod orjer gvxvdeba `artistul yvavileb-
Si~, vfiqrobT, migvaniSnebs kavSirze `lurja cxenebis~
lirikul gmirsa da `Semodgomis fragmentis~ pirvel per-
sonaJs Soris. marTlac, Tu yuradRebiT davakvirdebiT am
ukanasknelis daxasiaTebas, davrwmundebiT, rom igi Zalian
hgavs galaktionis `meore mes~, lirikuli gmiris im mo-
dels, romelsac poeti gvTavazobs Tavis pirvel da meore
wignebSi.
ra TvisebebiT xasiaTdeba es lirikuli subieqti? igi
amaRlebulia yofaze, zecisaken miiswrafvis, ocnebobs
idealur siyvarulze, Tumca suliT oboli da imedgac-
ruebulia, radgan amqveynad ver hpovebs mas. galaktionis
pirveli poeturi krebulis lirikul gmirs xSirad ezma-
neba Tavisi ideali qalwulis saxiT, magram miwier sinamd-
vileSi mis moZiebas ver axerxebs, rac misi Seunelebeli
mwuxarebis mizezi xdeba:

oh, didxans... didxans vZebne igi da versad vpove!

vici, Sors aris, maS, rad mtanjavs eg siaxlove?
(`Sori siaxlove~. tabiZe 2016a: 113)

aRniSnuli motivi nairgvarad viTardeba poetis pirve-

li wignis sxva leqsebSic: `simRera~, `momakvdavi~, `qalis
landi~, `moCveneba~ da sxv. es garemoeba gvafiqrebinebs,
302
rom `Semodgomis fragmentSi~, sinamdvileSi, grei, SesaZ-
loa, galaktionis lirikuli gmiris, misi `meore mes~ ni-
Rabi iyos.
leqsis meore personaJi antipodia pirvelisa. mis Se-
saxeb viciT, rom sicocxle vnebebs miuZRvna, TvaldaxuWu-
li ewafeboda `vardTa sisxlian bages~. am yovelives mos-
devs `Cumi gandoba~, anu – aRsareba, ris Semdegac banova-
nis Tvalebi iferfleba. mxatvruli saxiT – `ferfldeba
TvalTa banovaneba~ (romelic simbolistur poetikaSi
kargad nacnobi xerxiT, gansazRvrebis abstrahirebiTaa
miRebuli), poeti, vfiqrobT, migvaniSnebs wyvils Soris
uwindel grZnobaTa daferfvlaze. nawarmoebis finalSi
bedisweras Seguebuli qal-vaJi usityvod, usixarulod
miuyveba Semodgomis gzebs.
viTvaliswinebT ra personaJTa daxasiaTebas da liri-
kuli siuJetis ganviTarebas, uneburad ibadeba azri: xom
ar SeiZleba leqsi anarekli iyos galaktionisa da misi
satrfos – olia okujavas urTierTobisa? miT umetes,
rom ukve arsebobs iseTi kvlevis precedentebi, romleb-
Sic damajerebladaa naCvenebi, Tu ra mZafradaa asaxuli
es mtkivneuli sakiTxi galaktionis poeziaSi.
galaktionologiaSi poetisa da olia okujavas urTi-
erTobis Taobaze diametrulad sawinaaRmdego Sexedule-
bebi arsebobs. mkvlevarTa umetesoba miiCnevs, rom `gal-
aktionma olias saxiT ipova Tavisi ocnebis qaliSvili~
(nodar tabiZe), `olia okujava rom ar daexvritaT, galak-
tioni araviTar SemTxvevaSi ar moiklavda Tavs~ (vaxtang
javaxaZe). meore Tvalsazrisis mixedviT ki, galaktionisa
da olias Tanacxovreba Tavisi arsiT uaRresad dramatu-
li urTierToba iyo, romelsac `bevri ram aSorebs dante –
beatriCesa da petrarka – lauras modelisagan~ (Teimuraz
doiaSvili).
Tavis gamokvlevebSi – `igi, Tanamgzavri, xSirad meCve-
neba~ da `drama binaSi, anu fsevdolegendis winaaRmdeg~
– Teimuraz doiaSvilma saTanado dokumenturi da mxat-
303
vruli masalis analizis safuZvelze naTelyo mTeli tra-
gizmi am daulagebeli urTierTobisa (ix.: doiaSvili 2012,
doiaSvili 2014).
viTvaliswinebT ra im faqts, rom `Semodgomis fragmen-
tis~ pirveli personaJi, – grei Zlier hgavs galaktionis
`meore mes~, vfiqrobT, imis garkveuli safuZvelic arse-
bobs, rom zeinabis saxeSi poetis cxovrebis Tanamgzavri
SevicnoT.
pirveli arsebiTi niSani, riTac igi miemsgavseba leqsis
zeinabs, – moWarbebuli vnebianobaa, is Tviseba, ramac ga-
napiroba kidec sinamdvileSi wyvilis tragedia. rodesac
`Semodgomis fragmenti~ gamoqveynda (1919), galaktionisa
da olias urTierTobaSi ukve seriozuli bzari iyo gaCe-
nili. amis mizezi moskovSi myofi olia okujavas araor-
dinaruli cxovrebis wesi gaxldaT, (amaze naTlad metyve-
lebs misi 1918-1919 wlebis dRiurebi), rac galaktioni-
saTvis ucnobi, cxadia, ar darCeboda. poetis 1921 wlis
CanawerebSi vkiTxulobT: `mRalatoben megobrebi, mRa-
latoben naTesavebi, mRalatobs, sazogadod, bedi: miRa-
lata oliamac da mTels Cems cxovrebaSi es aris yvelaze
ufro usastikesi Ralati!~ (tabiZe 2000: 315-316). am dra-
matul garemoebaTa gamoZaxilia 1920 wels dawerili leq-
si `1920~, (pirveli varianti leqsisa `mzeo TibaTvisa~),
romelSic poeti Tavis siyvarulze ukve warsul droSi
saubrobs (`...igi vinc miyvarda didi siyvaruliT~) da
RvTismSobels mxurvaled SesTxovs satrfos codvili su-
lis aRdginebas.
`Semodgomis fragmentSi~ TiTqmis araferia naTqvami
personaJTa garegnobis Sesaxeb. poeti maT Sinagan sam-
yaros gvixasiaTebs. erTaderTi garegnuli Strixi, rac
avtoris yuradRebas imsaxurebs, – qalis Tvalebia, rom-
lebic uCveulo mxatvruli saxiTaa aqcentirebuli –
`ferfldeba TvalTa banovaneba~. mogonebaTa mixedviT,
cnobilia, rom elvare Tvalebi – iyo olia okujavas
savizito baraTi. rogorc Tavad galaktioni igonebs,
304
olias gacnobisas mas Tan axlda tician tabiZe, romelsac
aRtacebuls aRuniSnavs: `mas genialuri Tvalebi aqvs~
(tabiZe 2008a: 71).
poetis arqivSi daculi erTstrofiani leqsi `genia-
luri Tvalebi~ swored ticianis sityvebiT unda iyos
STagonebuli:

hoi, lalebi, lalebi,

Sevardens gigavs Tvalebi,
ar maviwydeba me Seni
genialuri Tvalebi.
(tabiZe 1972: 133)

mxatvrul saxes – Tvalebis Caqroba – vxvdebiT galak-

tionis cnobil leqsSic `gagondeba Tu ara karaleTis
dReebi...~. nawarmoebi Tematurad swored im TxzulebaTa
rkalSi Tavsdeba, romelSic TvalsaCinoa poetisa da misi
satrfos urTierTobis gamoZaxili:

gagondeba Tu ara
karaleTis dReebi,
mTebis lurji kamara,
ucxo samoTxeebi!
kidev SegrCa Tu ara
mxiaruli Tvalebi?
Tu drom gadauara
da Cauqro alebi?..
(tabiZe 2016g: 170).

`Semodgomis fragmenti~ motivuri da saxeobrivi Tval-

sazrisiT, vfiqrobT, garkveul kavSirs amyarebs agreTve
leqsTan `drama binaSi~, romelic galaktionisa da olias
dramatuli urTierTobis aSkara anareklia (aRniSnul
sakiTxze vrclad ix.: doiaSvili 2014). leqsebs erTmaneT-
Tan aaxloebs Semodgomisa da udrood mWknari axalgaz-
305
rdobis motivi, lirikul personaJTa sevdiani ganwyobi-
leba da siCume – kontaqtis SeuZleblobis gamoxatuleba.
leqsSi `drama binaSi~ personaJebi zRapruli, abstraq-
tuli sivrcidan ukve yofiT sferoSi inacvleben da Tu
`Semodgomis fragmentSi~ maTi sevda erTgvarad esTeti-
zebulia, 20-iani wlebis leqsSi igi ukve realur, mtanj-
vel mwuxarebadaa gadaqceuli.
yovelive zemoTqmulidan gamomdinare, vfiqrobT, rom
`Semodgomis fragmentSi~ grei da zeinabi gvevlinebian
ara kulturul-literaturul, aramed – individualur
simboloebad.

***
Tu SemoTavazebul hipoTezas gavyvebiT da davuSvebT,
rom `Semodgomis fragmenti~ marTlac avtobiografiuli
motivebiTaa STagonebuli, greisa da zeinabis simboloTa
miRma ki Tavad poeti da misi cxovrebis Tanamgzavri arian
sagulvebelni, maSin mainc garkveul axsnas saWiroebs is
faqti, ratom SearCia galaktionma swored es mxatvruli
saxeebi Tavisi cxovrebiseuli dramis dasaqaragmeblad?
ra TvalsazrisiT SeiZleba yofiliyo poetisaTvis Si-
naganad maxlobeli uaildis romanis mTavari gmiri?
garda leqsSi miTiTebuli zogadi niSnebisa (faqizi da
mgrZnobiare sulieri samyaro, ocneba amaRlebul siy-
varulze da imedgacrueba), dorian greisTan galaktio-
nis sulieri siaxlovis safuZveli saZiebelia dendizmis
principebisadmi erTgulebaSi. dorian grei is literatu-
ruli personaJia, romelmac sakuTari cxovreba aqcia xe-
lovnebad. rogorc uaildi wers, `dorianisaTvis cxovre-
ba iqca pirvel udides xelovnebad da yvela xelovneba ki
mis mosamzadebel da amosaval wyarod~ (uaildi 1982: 188).
cxovrebis qceva xelovnebad, – es is moTxovnaa, romelic
simbolisturi esTetikis ZiriTadi principi gaxldaT da
galaktionisaTvis mudam saxelmZRvanelo mniSvneloba
hqonda. vfiqrobT, esec aris erT-erTi arsebiTi faqtori,
306
ris gamoc poetma Tavis lirikul `mes~ dorian greis ni-
Rabi moargo.
zeinabis simbolos raRa axsna SeiZleba moeZebnos galak-
tionis TanamecxedresTan mimarTebiT?
poetis dRiuris zemoTcitirebuli monakveTidan na-
Teli xdeba, rom mas mosvenebas ukargavs Ralatis sakiTxi
(`mRalatoben megobrebi, mRalatoben naTesavebi, mRala-
tobs, sazogadod, bedi: miRalata oliamac da mTels Cems
cxovrebaSi es aris yvelaze ufro usastikesi Ralati!).
`Ralati~ – aris saxelwodeba al. sumbaTaSvilis istori-
uli dramisa, romlis mTavari personaJis – zeinabis – sa-
xelic imTaviTve RalatTan aris asocirebuli. marTalia,
sumbaTaSvilis nawarmoebis mixedviT, dedoflis pirovnu-
li Ralati gamarTlebulia, Tu mas erovnul-patriotuli
poziciidan SevxedavT, magram galaktionisaTvis, am per-
sonaJis interpretirebisas, rogorc Cans, Ralatis cne-
baa amosavali. `Semodgomis fragmentis~ zeinabi arsebiTad
ukve sxva personaJia, Zlier daSorebuli Tavis genetikur
saTavesTan, romelSic pirvelsaxidan poeti mxolod Ra-
latis paradigmas tovebs da masSi axali Sinaarsi Seaqvs.
erTi sityviT, Tavisi leqsis meore personaJis zeina-
bad saxeldebiT galaktioni metonimurad migvaniSnebs
Ralatis cnebaze, – Ralatze, rogorc lirikul perso-
naJTa naadrevi Wknobisa da grZnobaTa daferfvlis mi-
zezze. ase gardaisaxeba galaktionis poetur SedevrSi
dadebiTi literaturuli gmiri uaryofiT personaJad.
SeiZleba iTqvas, rom leqsSi zeinabis erTgvar parodi-
rebasTan gvaqvs saqme. Tu tradiciuli warmodgeniT, igi im
qarTveli qalis saxea, romelic istoriulad Ralats sCa-
dioda samSoblosa da sarwmunoebisaTvis, anu misi Ralati
uzenaes RirebulebebTan iyo dakavSirebuli da sazoga-
doebrivi safuZveli hqonda, axali epoqis azrovnebis
mixedviT, axali drois zeinabis Ralatsac eZebneboda
sazogadoebrivi gamarTleba. dekadenturi cnobierebisa
da ultramemarcxene msoflmxedvelobis simbiozi, rom-
307
lis did gavlenasac ganicdida olia okujava, adamians
sqesur sferoSi sruli Tavisuflebis nebas aZlevda da
masSi saZraxiss verafers xedavda. iqneb amis gamoc iyo,
rom galaktioni mxurvaled SesTxovda RvTismSobels
`umecari drois~ damRupveli zegavlenisagan exsna misi
cxovrebis Tanamgzavri:

...sxvad nu Seicvleba misi mimooxvra,

miT, rom saukune dadga umecari.
(`1920~)

galaktioni da olia gansxvavebuli temperamentisa da

fsiqofizikuri wyobis adamianebi iyvnen. am SeuTavseb-
lobas orive naTlad acnobierebda. erT-erT dRiurSi
olias maTi TanacxovrebisaTvis amgvari gansazRvreba
miucia: `mtkivneulia, magram ganmartebani saWiro ar
aris, imitom, rom Cven ver gavugeT erTmaneTs. es iyo
ori sawyisis brZola. urTierTgagebas ver mivaRwieT da
`davSordiT, rogorc xomaldebi zRvaSi~ (tabiZe 2008b:
494). swored es faqtori – ori sawyisis dapirispireba, li-
rikul personaJTa Sinagani midrekilebebisa da intere-
sebis kontrastuloba – sagangebod aris aqcentirebu-
li `Semodgomis fragmentSic~. nawarmoebSi TvalsaCinoa
opozicia ori fsiqotipisa – zeciur, idealur siyvarul-
ze meocnebe greis da xorciel gulisTqmebsa da miwier
vnebebSi danTqmuli zeinabisa. swored es SeuTavseblobaa
maTi mowyenisa da usixarulobis mizezi. amis gamoa, rom
isini `daRlilni~ midian `Semodgomis gzebze~.
`Semodgomis fragmentSi~ greisa da zeinabis saxe-sim-
boloTa SemotaniT, vfiqrobT, galaktioni mizanimarTu-
lad abundovanebs leqsisaTvis SemoqmedebiTi impulsis
mimcem pirovnul gancdebsa da konkretul cxovrebiseul
faqtebs. uxeSi sinamdvilis mxatvruli gardasaxvis gziT
poeti qmnis sakuTari cxovrebis miTs. f. sologubis msgav-
sad galaktionsac hqonda ufleba, ganecxadebina: “Беру
308
кусок жизни, грубой и бедной, и творю из него сладостную легенду,
ибо я–поэт” (`viReb cxovrebis naglejs, uxeSs da ubadruks
da misgan vqmni saamur legendas, radganac me poeti var~).

***
`Semodgomis fragmentSi~ Tavisi uCveulobiTa da mxat-
vruli ZaliT udavod gamorCeuli poeturi xatia – `fer-
fldeba TvalTa banovaneba~. rogorc aRiniSna, mas, erTi
mxriv, unda hqondes realuri plani da migviTiTebdes qa-
lis TvalTa Caqrobaze, grZnobaTa daferfvlaze, Tumca,
meore mxriv, ar aris gamoricxuli, rom sxva mizandasaxu-
lobac gaaCndes.
galaktionis poeziaSi TiToeul leqsikur erTeuls me-
tad Rrma, xSir SemTxvevaSi, konceptualuri datvirTva
eniWeba. poetis simbolisturi periodis lirikaSi xSirad
calkeuli sityvebi gvevlinebian erTgvar signalebad,
romlebic sxva teqstebisaken gvagzavnis. xsenebuli mxat-
vruli saxe sityva `banovanis~ abstrahirebis gziTaa
miRebuli. am leqsemas galaktioni, sazogadod, Zalze
iSviaTad iyenebs. poetis 1908-1927 wlebis lirikaSi mas
mxolod erTxel, `Semodgomis fragmentSi~ vxvdebiT. ga-
viTvaliswinebT ra aRniSnul garemoebas, safiqrebelia,
rom am sityvis gamoCena teqstSi SemTxveviTi ar unda
iyos da mas SesaZloa, garkveuli miniSnebis funqciac
hqondes.
`banovani~ – qarTvel romantikosTa poeturi leqsikis
metad kolorituli sityvaa, romlis xsenebazec, upir-
veles yovlisa, nikoloz baraTaSvilis `rad hyvedri kac-
sa, banovano...~ gvaxsendeba, leqsi, romelic, sxvaTa Soris,
galaktionis sagangebo interesis sferoSi iyo moqceu-
li. vfiqrobT, `Semodgomis fragmentsa~ da baraTaSvilis
leqss Soris saerTo mxolod es erTi sityva ar aris da
maT Soris ufro Rrma, konceptualur kavSirze saubari-
caa SesaZlebeli.

309
 baraTaSvilis nawarmoebSi siyvarulis romantikuli
koncefciaa gacxadebuli. poetis azriT, siyvarulis ukv-
davebis safuZveli sulier sferoSi, mSvenier sulTa kav-
SirSi mdgomareobs da ara xorciel ltolvaSi, radganac
fizikuri mSveniereba `viT yvavili, Tavis droze, mswraf-
lad daWknebis~. mamakacis pirumtkicobis, Seumdgari ur-
TierTobis mizezi ki, baraTaSvilis TqmiT, xSirad isaa,
rom qali mis trfobas sulieri grZnobiT ar pasuxobs.
nikoloz baraTaSvilis xsnebuli leqsis Sesaxeb galak-
tionis CanawerebSi vkiTxulobT: `waikiTxeT leqsi `rad
hyvedri kacsa, banovano, pirumtkicobas~, romelSidac
baraTaSvilis suli ocnebobs qalis mSvenier sulze... qa-
lis mSvenieri suli elandeba baraTaSvils meore leqsSi-
ac – `madli Sens gamCens, lamazo qalo, SvaTvalebiano~. am
leqsebSi, am Sav labirintSi, Sors dausrulebel silaJ-
vardeSi mosCans saTayvanebeli landi beatriCesi, mudmi-
vad sasurveli da mudam miuRweveli ideali, ciuri RvTa-
ebrivi silamaze, haerovani, usxeulo landi Soreul qa-
lis, Seqmnili sinaTlisa, alis da surnelebisagan, Rrube-
li, ocneba angelosTa qveynis anarekli...~ (tabiZe 1975: 63).
aSkaraa, rom romantikosi poetis leqsi galaktionis
mier axali cnobierebis Suqze, simbolisturi TvalTaxed-
viTaa gaSinaarsebuli. simbolisti xelovanis TvaliT da-
naxuli baraTaSvilis lirikuli gmiri ki, romelic oc-
nebobs mudmivad sasurvel da mudam miuRwevel idealze,
Soreul qalze, Zalian hgavs Tavad galaktionis poeziis
lirikul subieqts da, Sesabamisad, – `Semodgomis frag-
mentis~ pirvel personaJsac.
axla vnaxoT, rogor warmoudgeba poets saxe im qale-
bisa, romlebic, misi azriT, baraTaSvilis leqsis mimar-
Tvis obieqtebad gvevlinebian: `zogierTebi am qalTa-
gani iyvnen usircxvilo, TiTqmis pirutyvuli prostitu-
ciis gamomsaxvelni, TavianTi niRabebiT, ferumariliT,
TvalebiT, maTi bageebi gasisxlianebul Wrilobas hgav-
da (Sdr.: fraza `Semodgomis fragmentidan~: `rodesac
310
vardTa sisxlian bages...~ l. b.), maT TavianTi sxeulebis
biwiereba gadahqondaT agreTve sulzedac... maTi datkbo-
ba gamoixateboda mxolod vnebianobis dakmayofilebaSi.
isini daumcxralni arian, rogorc unayofoba... da ro-
gorc demoni, moklebulni arian siyvarulis niWs... magram
me Zalian Sors mivdivar, araviTari leqsi ar saWiroebs
grZel axsna-ganmartebas~ (tabiZe 1975: 64).
galaktionis leqsis meore personaJi Tavisi sulieri
wyobiT Zlier hgavs mis mier warmosaxul baraTaSvilis
epoqis qalebs. igi erTdroulad gvevlineba rogorc
konkretul, aseve – zogad saxed. `Semodgomis fragmen-
tiT~, vfiqrobT, galaktioni garkveulwilad exmianeba
romantikosi poetis koncefcias. Tu Tavis leqsSi bara-
TaSvili poeturi msjelobis formiT aviTarebs azrs,
rom siyvarulis maradiulobis sawindari mSvenier sul-
Ta kavSirSi mdgomareobs, `Semodgomis fragmentSi~ amave
Tvalsazrisze konkretuli mxatvruli saxeebis meSveobi-
Ta da lirikuli siuJetis ganviTarebiTaa miniSnebuli.
galaktionis lirikuli Sedevris finalSi gverdigverd
usityvod midian grei da zeinabi, RvTaebrivi grZnoba da
vneba, magram maTi SenivTeba ver xerxdeba. Tumca es aRar
iwvevs axali drois poetis Sinagan amboxs. igi Seguebulia
im azrs, rom zeciuri ideali miwaze ver ganxorcieldeba
da yovelive amas aRiqvams, rogorc bedisweras, adamianu-
ri yofis kanonzomierebas.

damowmebani:

doiaSvili 2012: doiaSvili T. `igi, Tanamgzavri, xSirad meCveneba~. gal-

aktionologia. VI. Tbilisi: 2012.
doiaSvili 2013: doiaSvili T. motiral-mocinari. Tbilisi: gamomcem-
loba `sityva~, 2013.
doiaSvili 2014: doiaSvili T. drama binaSi anu fsevdolegendis winaaR-
mdeg. Jurn. Cveni mwerloba, №19, 2014;
311
 robaqiZe 1910: robaqiZe gr. `zeinab (sityva warmoTqmuli 9 aprils qar-
Tul TeatrSi zeinabisa da oTar-begis gasamarTlebaze)~. gaz. `droeba~,
1910, 15 aprili. N
sumbaTaSvili 1904: sumbaTaSvili al. Ralati (drama-legenda xuT moq-
medebad). Targmani g. yifSiZisa. tfilisi: 1904.
tabiZe 1972: tabiZe g. Txzulebani Tormet tomad. t. VII. Tbilisi: gamom-
cemloba `sabWoTa saqarTvelo~, 1972.
tabiZe 1975: tabiZe g. Txzulebani Tormet tomad. t. XII. Tbilisi: gamom-
cemloba `sabWoTa saqarTvelo~, 1975.
tabiZe 2008a: tabiZe g. saarqivo gamocema ocdaxuT wignad. w. 23. Tbili-
si: gamomcemloba `literaturis matiane~, 2008.
tabiZe 2008b: tabiZe g. saarqivo gamocema ocdaxuT wignad. w. 24. Tbili-
si: gamomcemloba `literaturis matiane~, 2008.
tabiZe 2016a: tabiZe g. Txzulebani TxuTmet tomad. t. I. Tbilisi: SoTa
rusTavelis qarTuli literaturis instituti, 2016.
tabiZe 2016b: tabiZe g. Txzulebani TxuTmet tomad. t. II. Tbilisi: SoTa
rusTavelis qarTuli literaturis instituti, 2016.
tabiZe 2016g: tabiZe g. Txzulebani TxuTmet tomad. t. III. Tbilisi: SoTa
rusTavelis qarTuli literaturis instituti, 2016.
tabiZe 2017: tabiZe g. Txzulebani TxuTmet tomad. t. IV. Tbilisi: SoTa
rusTavelis qarTuli literaturis instituti, 2017.
tabiZe 2000: tabiZe n. galaktioni. Tbilisi: 2000;
uaildi 1982: uaildi o. dorian greis portreti. Targmani inglisuri-
dan Tamar maRraZisa. Tbilisi: gamomcemloba `merani~, 1982.
CxikviSvili 1988: CxikviSvili d. aleqsandre sumbaTaSvili-iuJini.
Tbilisi: gamomcemloba `xelovneba~, 1988.
wereTeli 1961: wereTeli a. Txzulebani TxuTmet tomad. t. XIV. Tbili-
si: gamomcemloba `sabWoTa saqarTvelo~, 1961.

312
poetika. leqsmcodneoba

qarTuli leqsis cnobil mkvlevars – akaki xinTibi-

Zes (1924-2008) didi wvlili aqvs Setanili galaktio-
nis poeziis mecnierul SeswavlaSi. igi avtoria monog-
rafiebisa `galaktionis poetika~ (1987) da `galakti-
oni Tu cisferyanwelebi~ (1992), agreTve aTeulobiT
werilisa genialuri poetis Semoqmedebaze. mkiTxvels
vTavazobT mis narkvevs `artistuli yvavilebis~ ver-
sifikaciis sakiTxebze, romelic dRemde naklebad aris
Seswavlili.

akaki xinTibiZe

`artistuli yvavilebis~ metri da riTma*

galaktion tabiZis „artistuli yvavilebi“ (1919 w.) qar-
Tul poeziaSi saetapo mniSvnelobis wignia, romelSiac
Tavisi sruli saxiT pova gamoxatuleba axalma saleqso
reformam.
„artistuli yvavilebi“ sagangebo interess iwvevs met-
ruli wyobis TvalsazrisiT. krebulis 86 leqsi 19 sxva-
dasxva sazomiT aris dawerili. sainteresoa, rom pirveli
7-ve leqsi 7 gansxvavebul sazoms iZleva.
„Semodgoma „umanko Casaxebis“ mamaTa savaneSi“ Sesru-
lebulia cxramarcvliani sazomis manamde iSviaTi va-
riaciiT – 3 3 3. mas mosdevs „lurja cxenebi“ – dawerili
cezuriT Suaze gayofili ToTxmetmarcvlediT (43/43).
mesame leqsis „angelozs eWira grZeli pergamenti“ sazomi
sammarcvliani muxlebiT Sedgenili Tormetmarcvledia
(33/33), xolo meoTxe leqsisa – „saubari edgarze“ – or da

* wignidan `galaktionis poetika~.

313
oTxmarcvliani muxlebiT Sedgenili Tormetmarcvledi
(24/24). krebulis V leqsi – „mariam antuaneta“ (axali sa-
TauriT – „mova, magram rodis“) heterometruli sazomiT
aris Sesrulebuli (rvamarcvledi eqvsmarcvledTan). Sem-
deg modis aTmarcvlediT (5/5) dawerili „Tovli“. mxolod
VII leqsSi („unazesi xelnaweri“) gamoCndeba besikuri sazo-
mi (5 4 5), romelic krebulis yvelaze ufro gavrcelebul
metrs warmoadgens.
galaktionis pirveli wigni am mxriv bevrad ufro Ra-
ribia. 120 leqsi mxolod 10 sazoms gvaZlevs. arsebiTad,
igi 3 sazomiT aris Sesrulebuli (5/5, 5/4/5 da 44/44).
pirveli wignisagan gansxvavebiT, 1919 wlis krebuli
Seicavs leqsis ramdenime axal saxeobas: 44/42, 24/24,
333,33 da 55/55. garda amisa, 4 sazomi heterometrulia.
aris sazomTa Serevis SemTxvevebic da, bolos, aqve iRebs
saTaves verlibri.
im oTxi heterometruli sazomidan, romlebic xu-
Ti sxvadasxva leqsis metrs qmnis, ori galaktionis Se-
motanilia. leqsebi: „poeti brboSi“ (axali saTauriT –
„foTlebis landi“) da „ardabruneba“ dawerilia besiku-
ris xuTmarcvledTan mimarTebiT.
meore sazomi (33/33 da 333) fragmentulad (ortaepedis
saxiT) Tavs iCens leqsSi „dabruneba“:

ginaxavT Tqven feri dabindul qliavis?

es Cemi samSoblo mTebia!

gvian, roca galaktionma es Cinebuli mxatvruli saxe

axal leqsSi CarTo, misi versifikacia mTel strofze
gaavrcela (`is erTi Sexeba niavis“).
orive sazomi bunebrivia qarTuli prosodiisaTvis,
kargad egueba leqsis xasiaTs da versifikaciul aRmo-
Cenad unda CaiTvalos. „artistuli yvavilebidan“ iRebs
saTaves galaktionis mdidari heterometrika, romlis
ricxvma sabolood 88 dasaxelebas miaRwia (leqsebis
314
pirvel wignSi heterometrika mxolod sporadulad gai-
elvebda, isic arakanonizebuli saxiT).
sainteresoa „dominos“ metrika. leqsi 5 sxvadasxva sa-
zomiT aris dawerili. ufro xSiri da gavrcelebulia
Svidmarcvledi sammarcvliani kadenciiT (43):

TeTri kvamli zRaprebis,

amarTuli kankeli,
mesmis am gamZafrebis
wamwamebis kankali.

aseve damaxasiaTebelia cezuriT Suaze gayofili ToTx-

metmarcvledis mimarTeba SvidmarcvledTan (43/43 da 43):

uecari gaxela, saocari Senoba,

rogor movandomino.
mesmis Seni saxeli, mtanjavs me uSenoba,
idumalo domino.

amaT garda, gvxvdeba Tvrametmarcvledis mimarTeba,

erTi mxriT, TormetmarcvledTan da, meore mxriT, cxra-
marcvledTan (sammarcvliani muxlebiT). yovelive amis
gamo ufro swori iqneba, Tu „dominos“ metrikas narevi
formebis kategoriaSi SevitanT.
„dominos“ metridan erTi nabijia verlibramde, rome-
lic „artistul yvavilebSi“ eqvsi nimuSiT aris warmodge-
nili („samreklo udabnoSi“, „Rrublebi oqros amurebiT“,
„vin aris es qali“, „fardebis Sriali“, „Cveni saukune“ da
„SiSi“). verlibris erT-erTi Semomtani CvenSi galaktion
tabiZea. manamde leqsis es saxeoba – ukve fexmokidebuli
evropul poeziaSi, qarTuli versifikaciisaTvis ucxo iyo.
„artistuli yvavilebis“ metrikaze saubars amiT davam-
TavrebdiT, rom erTi garemoeba ar ipyrobdes yuradRebas.
krebulis sami leqsi („gobeleni“, „guli“ da „mfarveli
ialqnebi“) sonetis formiT aris dawerili. am dros soneti
CvenSi karga xnis fexmokidebuli iyo da mis damkvidrebaSi
315
galaktionis Rvawli umniSvneloa. poets maincdamainc ar
izidavda soneti da mosalodnelze ufro cota aqvs am kon-
struqciis leqsi. SesaZloa, sonetis Caketili forma: mka-
crad gansazRvruli strofika (ori katreni, ori terceti)
da riTmaTa kombinaciebi mas borkavda fiqrTa da ganwyo-
bilebaTa realizaciis dros.
sonetisadmi midrekileba galaktionma Taviseburi for-
miT gamoavlina. „artistuli yvavilebis“ leqsTa didi
nawili 12 da 16 striqons Seicavs (katrenis 3 an 4 stro-
fiT): 17 leqsi Tormetstriqoniania, 14 leqsi – Teqvs-
metstriqoniani. sxva leqsTa moculoba sagrZnoblad
daSorebulia am cifrebs: rvastriqoniania – 12 leqsi,
ocstriqoniani – 7, oTx da ocdaTormetstriqoniani
– 4, ocdaoTxstriqoniani – 2 da a.S. SeiZleba vifiq-
roT, rom 12 da 16 striqoniani leqsebi saerTod ufro
mizanSewonilia lirikuli aRsarebisaTvis da sonetis
striqonTa raodenobasTan analogia aq arafer SuaSia. va-
raudi mcdaria. sakmarisia, am mxriv erTmaneTs Sevada-
roT poetis I da II wignebi, anda i. griSaSvilis, t. tabi-
Zisa da p. iaSvilis leqsebi, romelTa avtorebs miswra-
feba hqondaT sonetisaken, rom naTqvamis simarTleSi
davrwmundeT.
Cans, galaktioni, sonetis kvalobaze, Tavis fiqrebsa
da gancdebs 12-16 striqonian formas aZlevs, sonetis
14-striqonian kompozicias uaxloebs, magram qarTuli
tradiciisamebr gaurbis kentstriqnonian tercetebs da
leqsis moculobas katrenebiT aregulirebs. galakti-
onis 12 da 16 striqonian leqsebs (3 an 4 katreniT) aqvT
raRac ieri 14-striqoniani sonetebisa, Tumca isini arse-
biTad tradiciuli formis farglebSi rCebian.

***
„artistuli yvavilebis“ riTmis ganxilvis dros, uwina-
res yovlisa, TvalSi sacemia riTmebis simravle. striqon-
Ta raodenobas (verlibris gamoklebiT) didad Warbobs
sariTmo erTeulTa raodenoba.
316
 gauriTmavi striqonebi, romlebic iSviaTi ar iyo po-
etis leqsebis pirvel krebulSi, „artistul yvavilebSi“
TiTqmis aRar gvxvdeba. TviT verlibris formiTac, ro-
melic Cveulebrivad riTmas ar gulisxmobs, galaktioni
araerT moxdenil riTmas gvawvdis.
riTmaTa simravle qarTul poeziaSi Cveulebrivi mov-
lenaa, magram klasikuri leqsis uwyveti riTmianoba sxva
iyo. grZeli striqonebi sariTmo erTeulebs Soris man-
Zils zrdida. „artistul yvavilebSi“ ki mokle, Svidmar-
cvliani striqonebic erTTavad gariTmulia. Tu riTmebis
raodenobas marcvalTa raodenobas SevufardebT da ara
striqonTa raodenobas, klasikur leqssa da „artistul
yvavilebs“ Soris kolosalur sxvaobas vnaxavT. riTmebiT
daxunZluli striqonebi, romlebic „lurja cxenebma“ da
„atmis yvavilebma“ moitana, sadac riTma leqsis TiTqmis
yvela kunWuls avsebs, moulodneli da uecari iyo mTels
qarTul poeziaSi.
riTmebis siuxve SidariTmebis sixSiriT aris gapirobe-
buli: cezuruli riTma, ukanacezuruli riTma, Sua riTma,
kiburi riTma, striqonebis Tav-bolo makavSirebeli, sa-
wyis erTeulTa makavSirebeli, Sida erTeulTa makavSire-
beli, boloriTmis Semavsebeli riTma da sxv.
krebulis 860-mde riTmidan 140-ze meti SidariTma da
TavriTmaa. marTalia, es ukanaskneli sul 10 nimuSiT aris
warmodgenili, magram nu dagvaviwydeba, rom TavirTma me-
tismetad iSviaTia qarTul leqsSi, poetikis leqsikone-
bisa da saxelmZRvaneloebisTvisac ki Wirs saTanado ma-
galiTebis moZebna.
mudmiv, savaldebulo, nebismier SidariTmebTan er-
Tad, krebulisTvis niSandoblivia uneblie, SemTxveviTi
SidariTmebic: „da vandeikis landebiviT mwvandeba Rame“
(„marmarilo“).
„artistuli yvavilebis“ riTmaTa leqsikonSi xSirad
SevxvdebiT samjerad, oTxjerad da TviT xuT-eqvsjerad
riTmebsac ki.
317
 gariTmvis xerxebis mravalferovneba (jvaredini, wyvi-
ladi, sammagi, rkaluri, intervaliani) gansakuTrebiT
sonetis tercetebSi gamJRavnda. krebulis samive soneti
(„guli“, „gobeleni“, „mfarveli ialqnebi“) tercetebis ga-
riTmvis sam gansxvavebul variants qmnis: ccd dee; cdc dee da
ccd eed. magram leqsSi gariTmvis xerxTa kombinireba ar
xdeba. „artistuli yvavilebis“ avtors wesad aqvs: erT
leqss, ra sididisa da xasiaTis ar unda iyos, erTgvarad
riTmavs. TviT leqsi „gzaSi“, romelic oTxi damoukide-
beli nawilisagan Sedgeba, mTlianad erTnairi (jvaredini)
riTmiT aris Sesrulebuli. kanoni mxolod orad-or leq-
sSia darRveuli: „lodTan“ da „mwuxareba Senze“.
riTmis ZiriTadi msazRvreli bgeriTi Sedgenilobaa
da, bunebrivia, riTmis xasiaTis Secvlas, uwinares yovli-
sa, mis evfoniaze unda moexdina gavlena. marTlac, Tu er-
Ti mxriv, galaktioni klasikuri zusti riTmis erTguli,
misi gamaRrmavebeli da ganmaviTarebelia, meore mxriv, igi
qarTul riTmaSi araerTi evfoniuri siaxlis Semomtania.
„artistuli yvavilebis“ zust riTmebSi daculia ara
mxolod bgeriTi igiveoba, aramed ritmuli wesrigic. „ra
dros romanseroa“ Tavidan bolomde gamarTulia evfo-
niurad identuri sammarcvliani riTmiT. roca galak-
tions erTi konkretuli ganwyoba leqsis bolomde miaqvs,
iq erTiania ritmic da misi Sesatyvisi riTmac. es leqsi
imis naTeli dadasturebaa, rom Tanamedrove mkiTxvelis
datkboba da mojadoeba klasikuri riTmis mwyobri musi-
kiTac SeiZleba.
magram zusti riTmis gamoyenebiTi SesaZleblobani
„artistul yvavilebSi“ miyvanilia im zRvramde, romlis
iqiT gza aRar aris da sruliad bunebrivad ibadeba auci-
lebloba riTmis evfoniuri ganaxlebisa.
„arc erT poets ar exerxeba asonansebi ise, rogorc ga-
laktionso“ – werda i. griSaSvili (Jur. „leila“, 1920, №2).
galaktionis asonansebis TvalSisacemi Tavisebureba
bolokidur bgeraTa monacvleobaa (beWdebad-SeeWvdeba).
318
Ria da daxuruli marcvlebi riTmis kadenciaSi, e. w. Sere-
uli daboloebani Cveni saukunis aTiani wlebis meore naxev-
ramde qarTul leqsSi iSviaTad Tu gaielvebda. TviT ro-
mantikosebis nakluli riTma am mxriv arcerT gamonakliss
ar uSvebs. es wesi galaktionis leqsebis pirvel krebul-
Siac daculia: garda erTaderTi SemTxvevisa, yvela riTma
an Riaa (xmovanze gaTavebuli) an daxuruli (Tanxmovanze
gaTavebuli). magram gadis xani da... „silaJvardes...“ pirve-
live riTma Sereuli daboloebisaa (mariam-sizmaria).
asonansma farTod gaikvala gza. Tu pirvelad igi iS-
viaTad gaereoda poetis leqsebSi, Semdeg da Semdeg ukve
dominanturi xdeba. „gradaciis“ yvela riTma asonansuria:
daburuli-daxuruli, frTa-zviadi-iSviaTi, gameTia-tra-
gedia, ganaTeba-anaTema, umizezo-Cumi ezo, ra davarqva-
gadakargva.
Tu asonansi, ase Tu ise, nacnobi iyo tradiciul da
xalxur poetikaze aRzrdili mkiTxvelisaTvis, misTvis
sruliad ucxo da moulodneli iyo konsonansi (xmovan-
Ta Senacvleba riTmaSi), romlis nimuSi „silaJvardes...“
pirvelsave strofSia warmodgenili (silaSi vardi-
silaJvarde).
vfurclavT krebuls da zedized konsonansuri riT-
mis araerTi dueti xmiandeba. vkiTxulobT, kerZod, leqss
„saubari edgarze“, sadac swored riTmas SevyavarT leq-
sis idumalebiT mocul samyaroSi da umalve Semogvege-
beba konsonansur riTmaSi gamJRavnebuli edgar pos „Savi“
poezia~ (poezea-poezia).
damaxasiaTebelia, rom bevr leqss poeti swored kon-
sonansiT iwyebs: pergamenti-dagende („angelozs eWira..“),
karbaze-darbazi („pirimze“), qsovili-moveli („gobele-
ni“), taZrisken ori-lenora („edgari mesamed“), aisrule-
daisruli („auzisagan“) da sxv.
konsonansuri riTmidan erTi nabijia disonansamde da
galaktioni am nabijsac gabedulad dgams. ricxvis-sir-
cxvili („axali mosaxleoba“), mandiliT-landi („poeti
319
brboSi“) da, gansakuTrebiT, „gemi „dalandis“ disonansi:
dalandi-mandili – qarTuli riTmis axal relsebze gaday-
vanas niSnavda.
konsonansur-disonansuri riTmebis xevdriTi wona „ar-
tistul yvavilebSi“ 14%-s Seadgens, rac utyuari das-
turia im didi gardatexisa, romelic evfoniis sferoSi
qarTulma riTmam ganicada. Segnebuli darRveva zusti
riTmis mwyobri dinebisa afarToebs leqsis musikalur pa-
litras, mis vokalur sferos. amasTan, es gadaxveva klasi-
kuri riTmis srul gauqmebas ar iwvevs, misi fuZe da xer-
xemali SenarCunebulia.
Zveli da axali riTmis organuli Serwymis, gansxvave-
bul xmovanTa sagangebo monacvleobis da, aqedan gamom-
dinare, leqsis evfoniuri gadaxalisebis, misi polifo-
niurobis Cinebul nimuSs warmoadgens „artistuli yva-
vilebis“ pirvelive leqsi „Semodgoma „umanko Casaxebis“
mamaTa savaneSi“, romelSiac klasikur, swor riTmebs (ba-
Rebi-WaRebi, sandali-Sandali, mtkivani-mdivani) gverds
umSvenebs asonansebi (gaxsovar-macxovar, ukuni-guguni,
Sebervas-Tebervals) da konsonansebi (mamaTa-damaTovs,
savanes-Tavanis). isic sagulisxmoa, rom ukanaskneli ori
riTma erT strofSia moTavsebuli, strofis orive riTma
konsonansuria.
polifoniuroba riTmisa, rogorc misi axali Tviseba,
savsebiT bunebrivi iyo, erTi mxriv, qarTuli prosodi-
isaTvis, meore mxriv ki – TviT im leqsebisaTvis, romelTa
sakuTrebasac es polifoniuri riTmebi Seadgenda. am leq-
sebSi mxatvruli saxis dinamika ar aris Cveulebrivi da
pirdapiri. evfoniuri moulodneloba riTmisa ganmtkice-
bul-gamagrebulia mxatvrul saxeTa moulodnelobiT,
azrobrivi SepirispirebiT, riTmaSi urTierTdaSorebul
saganTa da movlenaTa SexvedriT, Soreuli asociaciebiT,
riTmis leqsikuri SedgenilobiT.

320
 ***
poetis riTmaze daweril gamokvlevebSi leqsika da se-
mantika Cveulebrivad daviwyebulia. sakmarisi gaxda dak-
virveba vaJa-fSavelas „baxtrionis“ sariTmo erTeulTa
leqsikaze, rom didi poetis riTma, romelic sayovelTao
aRiarebiT mwirad da Raribad iyo miCneuli, sxva elvare-
biT gabrwyinebuliyo (gr. kiknaZe, „baxtrionis“ riTma“,
„vaJa-fSavelas „baxtrioni“, 1972, gv. 230-251).
„artistuli yvavilebis“ riTmis leqsikis Seswavlisas
sariTmo erTeulebi leqsikur erTeulebze iqna dayvani-
li. gaerTianda erTi da imave fuZisa da mniSvnelobis si-
tyvebi, romlebic sxvadasxva formiT aris warmodgenili.
riTmis leqsikis Ziebas gacilebiT meti mniSvneloba
aqvs poetis Semoqmedebis SeswavlisaTvis, vidre sityvaTa
saerTo maragis Ziebas, radgan, rogorc cnobilia, riTma
striqonisa da strofis Cveulebriv sityvaTa rigs ar mie-
kuTvneba. igi garkveuli upiratesobiT sargeblobs, ro-
gorc semantikuri, aseve ritmul-musikaluri Tvalsaz-
risiT, riTma erT-erTi kompoziuri sayrdenia leqsisa da
mkiTxvelisaTvis didi mniSvneloba aqvs Tu rogoria am
sayrdenTa semantikuri funqcia, ra informacias gvawvdis
igi, ra azriT muxtavs leqss.
saintereso iqneboda riTmis leqsikis Sedarebac Txzu-
lebaTa saerTo leqsikasTan: ra xasiaTisa da kategoriis
sityvebia riTmaSi gatanili, sad ufro metad mimarTavs
poeti sityvaTqmnadobas? da sxv. magram galaktionis
sityvaTa simfonia Sedgenili ar aris.
galaktionis riTmis leqsikaze dakvirveba naTels xdis,
rom poeti cdilobs riTmaSi rac SeiZleba meti leqsikuri
erTeuli Catios (Sedgenili riTmebis simravle), rac Se-
iZleba meti SinaarsiT datvirTos riTma.
yvelaze ufro xSirad gamoynebuli leqsikuri erTe-
ulebi „artistul yvavilebSi“ mwuxare gancdis gamomxat-
veli sityvebia: mwuxareba, wvaleba (wameba), wvima, Rame, sib-
321
nele, sicive, samare, sikvdili, agreTve – siyvaruli, oc-
neba, zmaneba, landi, lodini, sizmari da sxv.
sityva mwuxareba (simwuxarea, simwuxareSi, mwuxarebis,
mwuxarebisa) sariTmo erTeulebad gamoyenebulia leqseb-
Si: „lurja cxenebi“, „atmis yvavilebi“, „saubari edgarze“,
„akakis landi“, „gviani ocneba“, „gzaSi“. yvela es leqsi sev-
diani ganwyobilebiT aris damZimebuli, razedac ucdom-
lad migvaniSnebs riTmaSi gasuli sityva mwuxareba:

aq mravalia cisferi feri!

es feri marad Tvals eyvareba,
rogorc qalwulis saxeli meri –
aris cisferi da mwuxareba.
(„gzaSi“)

„lurja cxenebis“ riTmaSi simwuxare Tavisebur sin-

tagmas qmnis: simwuxarea-suls uxaria. Tumca mTels kon-
teqsts aseTi pozitiuri Sinaarsi ara aqvs: samudamo mxa-
reSi simwuxarea, wevxar civ samareSi da arc suls uxaria.
magram negatiur arc-s riTma ver itevs da vRebulobT
simwuxariT gaxarebul suls, rac poetis gancda-gagebaSi
mSvenieri tanjvis saxiT Camoyalibda.
sagulisxmoa is faqtic, rom eqvsjer ganmeorebul mwu-
xarebas krebulis riTmaSi upirispirdeba mxolod samjer
gamoyenebuli xalisi (sixaruli).
leqsikuri erTeuli wvaleba sxvadasxva formiT xuT-
jer aris naxmari, amas SeiZleba daematos orgzis ganmeo-
rebuli wameba. sariTmo erTeulebad gamoyenebuli sity-
vebi: sikvdili da samare (pirveli – aTjer, meore – rva-
jer) umTavresad iseT leqsebSi iCens Tavs, romlebic an
simbolisturia an romantikul-simbolisturi („lurja
cxenebi“, „domino“, „mas gaxelili darCa Tvalebi“, „rogor
ebrZodnen zarebs zarebi“, „gobeleni“, „avdris molodin-
Si“, „mTawmindis mTvare“, „micvalebulis xsovna“).
im leqsikuri erTeulebidan, romlebic faqtiurad
„artistuli yvavilebis“ riTmam moitana, gansakuTrebiT
322
aRsaniSnavia Tovli. am sityvas galaktionma saocari sis-
petake da momxiblaoba SesZina, mravalgvari emociiT
datvirTa igi. Tovli – sayvareli arsebis mkrTali xele-
bia, faruli dardia mis xmaSi, igi xididan gadafrenili
qalwulia – xan iisferi, xan varfisferi. sityva Tovli
gamoiyena galaktionma usemantiko, magram brwyinvale ev-
foniuri movlenis SesauRleblad – dovin-doven-dovli.
Tovli eqvsi sxvadasxva formiT aris warmoCenili poetis
riTmaSi.
leqsebis am krebulSi gamoCnda galaktioni, rogorc
ferebis mesaidumle mxatvari. lurjma ferma ukve miiRo
simboluri saxe. mas sxva ferebmac daumSvena mxari. ami-
tomaa, rom sityva feri xSirad aris gamoyenebuli riTmis
Tanacalad (11 SemTxveva).
„akakis landma“ moitana sityva landis aqcentireba, ro-
melic sxvadasxva formiT krebulis riTmaSi cxrajer me-
ordeba, xolo leqsSi „poeti brboSi“ Cinebul disonansur
riTmas qmnis: mandiliT-landi.
zemoxsenebuli leqsikuri erTeulebi, rogorc ukve
vTqviT, zustad Seesatyviseba am periodSi galaktionis
Semoqmedebis xasiaTs, warmodgenas gviqmnis nazi roman-
tikuli gancdebis poetze, mis mwuxare sulze.
magram, amasTan erTad, „artistuli yvavilebis“ riT-
mis leqsika gvixasiaTebs galaktions, rogorc mebrZoli
sulis poets. yvelaze ufro xSiri leqsikuri erTeuli am
krebulis riTmaSi aris qari da misgan warmoebuli qrolva.
maTi ricxvi 35-s aRwevs. cxadia, rogorc am SemTxvevaSi,
ise saerTodac, mSrali statistika bevrs arafers ambobs.
kerZod, sityva qaris riTmaSi xSiri gamoyenebis mizezi se-
mantikasTan erTad misi akustikac iqneboda: qari JReradi
sityvaa, rasac riTmisTvis didi mniSvneloba aqvs. albaT,
amave mizeziT riTmaSi ver moxvda leqsisTvis bevri
mniSvnelovani sityva, romlebic akustikurad mZimea an
uferuli.
323
 im leqsebze dakvirveba, sadac am sityvis Semcveli
riTmaa CarTuli, gviCvenebs, rom qari, rogorc moqmede-
bis, brZolis gamoxatuleba, poetisTvis SemTxveviTi ar
yofila.
sayuradReboa isic, rom riTmaSi gamoyenebuli zmne-
bis umravlesoba svla Zirze da mis variaciebzea
dafuZnebuli.
imdenad datvirTulia „artistuli yvavilebis“ riT-
ma moZraobis aRmniSvneli sityvebiT, rom mkiTxvels
eWvi ebadeba: pasiuri romantikuli Wvreta adgils xom
ar uTmobs poetis aqtiur xedvas?! am sakiTxis Seswavla,
vfiqrobT, gaamarTlebs riTmidan miRebul STabeWdilebas.
sagulisxmoa is garemoebac, rom Ramis motrfiale
poeti (es sityva riTmaSiac araerTgzis aris gasuli),
romelsac am krebulis qronologiur CarCoSi „mTawmin-
dis mTvare“ da „sikvdili mTvarisagan“ aqvs dawerili,
sityva mTvares iSviaTad iyenebs riTmis Tanacalad
(sul 5 SemTxveva). rogorc semantikuri, ise akustikuri
Tvisebis gamo am sityvas meti adgili unda daTmoboda
galaktionis riTmaTa saufloSi. vfiqrobT, poeti sagan-
gebod moerida imJamad qarTul poeziaSi ukve Sablonad-
qceuli sityvis riTmaSi aqcentirebas.
„artistuli yvavilebis“ riTmaSi ramdenjerme vxvde-
biT sityva mzes: mziani-ticiani („ar dabruneba“), mzeze-
mizezi, („rogor ebrZodnen zarebs zarebi“) da sxv. gamoT-
qmebi: vocnebob mzeze da zrunva mziani swored mziani
mxridan aris SeWrili riTmebSi. „silaJvardeSiac“ mze,
rogorc mariamis ucvleli epiTeti, Tan dahyveba riTmas
(mzeo mariam).
sityva mzis win wamoweva, poetis ocneba mzeze da misi
zrunva mziani am krebulis ideur Sinaarss saTanado
mimarTulebas aZlevs. Tu gavixsenebT ufro adrindel
leqss „zeviT aswieT mze, zeviT“, anda cota ufro
gviandels – „mzeo TibaTvisa“, darwmunebiT SegviZlia
vTqvaT, rom mzis macocxlebeli energia Zalumad tri-
324
alebs galaktionis amdroindel leqsebSi da igi ismis,
rogorc imedisa da sicocxlis sanukvari xma.
roca mzesa da qars moZraobaSi momyvani sityva svlac
Tan axlavs, iqmneba moqmedebis, aqtiurobis, brZolis at-
mosfero, rac ucxo ar yofila „artistuli yvavilebis“
avtorisaTvis. am daskvnamde mivyavarT krebulis riTmis
leqsikur analizs.
„artistuli yvavilebis“ riTmis leqsika zogad war-
modgenas gviqmnis krebulis semantikaze, avtoris gan-
wyobilebaTa Sinaarsze. magram rogoria semantika, ker-
Zod, calkeuli riTmebisa, ra da ra leqsikuri erTeulebi
xvdebian erTmaneTs riTmaSi?
silaSi vardi-silaJvarde, uwinares yovlisa, Tavisi se-
mantikiT iqcevs yuradRebas. sxvadasxva sibrtyis movle-
naTa Sexvedra riTmaSi mas moulodnels xdis da zrdis
misdami interess. amgvari Soreuli asociaciebi Cveuleb-
rivia `artistuli yvavilebis~ riTmisaTvis.
Tu `gemi dalandis~ riTma landi-dalandi am mxriv Se-
darebiT martivi da Cveulebrivia, amave dros – dalan-
di-mandili moulodneli, metad Soreuli dakavSirebis
Sedegia, iseve rogorc Rrma fantaziis nayofia striqoni,
saidanac riTmis bolo wevria amoRebuli: `Cemi dafnisTvis
mitacebda lurji mandili~.
moulodneli riTmebis kategorias ekuTvnis egzotiku-
ri riTmac, romliTac mdidaria `artistuli yvavilebi~.
am wignis qronologiuri sazRvrebi (1914-1919) galak-
tionisTvis inteleqtualuri davaJkacebis xana iyo. po-
eti farTod ecnoba msoflio kulturis miRwevebs da
ucxo sagnebi Tu movlenebi, literaturuli gmirebi Tu
realuri pirovnebani misi riTmebis Tanawevrebi xdebian.
am gziT aris Seqmnili: Cumi-eliziumi (`akakis landi~),
verlens-cremlebs (`lakme~), gadasul namiT-sulamiT
(`gobeleni~) da sxv.
ZiriTadi mainc sariTmo erTeulTa azrobriv-emoci-
uri Sexamebaa, rac, cxadia, martiv asociaciebs ar gulis-
325
xmobs. roca vecnobiT, kerZod, riTmas mamuli-Jriamuli,
ar gvrCeba gaiolebuli Sablonis STabeWdileba (rasac
Seqmnida, mag. mamuli-namuli). es riTma, calke gamotani-
lic ki, naTlad gvagrZnobinebs, rom misi Semcveli stro-
fi semantikurad mTliani da ZarRvmagari iqneba. analogi-
uria: zarebi-naziarebi, Tvalebi-namTvralevi, kidobniT-
mSvidobiT da sxv.
riTmis azrobrivi datvirTulobisaTvis mniSvneloba
aqvs Sedgenil riTmasac, romelic sam da met leqsikur
erTeuls aerTianebs. `artistul yvevilebSi~ bevri Sed-
genili riTmaa (riTmaTa saerTo raodenobis 3,7%). Cveu-
lebrivad sariTmo erTeuli or an ramdenime mTlian si-
tyvas Seicavs: umizezo-Cumi ezo (`gradacia~), maSin eli-
saSineli (`saubari edgarze~); zogjer ki sariTmo erTe-
uli Sevsebulia meore sityvis bolo nawiliT: xididan cve-
na-dawvena (`Tovli~) mRerali-mravalfer aliT (`Voiles~).
riTmis grZliobasTan dakavSirebiT aRsaniSnavia erT-
marcvliani riTmebis xvedriTi wonis zrda. galaktionis
damsaxurebaa, erTmarcvliani riTma rom ase Seewyo da
SeeTvisa Cveni leqsis bunebas (a. gawerelia):

lurji aCrdili cxel haerSi dgas.

ismis nacnobi JrJola simindis,
zuzuni gaaqvs ubinao skas,
oh! samudamod dawyevlil sindiss.
(`gzaSi~)

mTavari siaxle `artistuli yvavilebis~ riTmisa mainc

misi sazRvrebis gafarToebaa. riTma gascda striqonis
klauzulis, zogjer TviT sariTmo erTeulis farglebs
da striqonis siRrmeSi SeiWra.
`pirimzes~ sariTmo erTeuli samaiiT Tanxvdeba mis
Tanacals iiT: daculia evfoniuri da ritmuli wesrigi.
magram sariTmo erTeuls iiT win uswrebs sityva savsea,
romelic fonetikur kavSirSia Semxvedr erTeulTan
326
(sav||sam). riTmis sazRvari gafarTovda: savsea iiT-
samaiiT. analogiuria: bindi niavis-dabindul qliavis
(`dabruneba~).
swored `artistuli yvavilebis~ riTmam gaxada auci-
lebeli koreqtivi Segvetana qarTuli riTmis tradici-
ul gagebaSi. bgerebisa Tu bgeraTkompleqsebis Tanxmo-
bis nacvlad orientacia akustukurad msgavsi sityvebis
ganmeorebaze agveRo.

1976 w.

327
`artistuli yvavilebis~ Semdeg

Tamaz kvaWantiraZe

efemeraTa momxelTebeli

me Tan waviReb ucxo mxareSi,

jer yvelasaTvis ucxo ferebiT,
tkivils, monaxuls simwuxareSi,
da suls, daRaluls efemerebiT.
galaktioni

1. winaswaruli

galaktions uyvars efemera.

uyvars ara marto am sityvaSi Cadebuli mniSvneloba,
aramed Tavad sityva, misi JReradoba, misgan aRZruli aso-
ciaciebi, misi surneli... uyvars da daJinebiT amkvidrebs
mas Tavis poeziaSi. misi leqsebis saTaurebi gavixsenoT:
`efemera~, `isev efemera~, `saaxalwlo efemera~, `zRvis
efemera~, `mSobliuri efemera~... da kvlav, isev da isev
`efemera~ – zogjer poeti mas saTauradac ki imeorebs, rac
iSviaTad xdeba mis poeziaSi. ai, nimuSebic am saTaurgame-
orebuli `efemerebidan~:

Sexede! mSvidi Seni dobili!

gare yornisa hfenia tevri,
kuboSi wevs is, rogorc Sedevri,
idumali da fiqrgandobili.
(`Sexede! mSvidi Seni dobili~)
an:
328
 sasaflaos mxridan Zera
ConCxebs zidavs klanWebiT,
efemera, efemera...
Cven vgrZnobT da vitanjebiT.
(`sasaflaos mxridan Zera~)

yoveli leqsi am `efemeruli ciklisa~ Sedevria, mag-

ram maT Sorisac aris erTi, pirobiTad № 1 `efemera~,
romelic erTgvar mwvervalad mimaCnia qarTuli (da – ara
marto qarTuli!) poeziisa; zogadad unda iTqvas, leqsi,
romelic skolaSi ar iswavleba, dasaviwyeblad aris gan-
wiruli. ruseTobisas `efemera~ arasodes SeutaniaT sas-
kolo programebsa da qrestomaTiebSi, igi SedarebiT
naklebad popularulia, vidre, vTqvaT, `me da Rame~,
`meri~, an `mTawmindis mTvare~... amitomac ajobebs, sanam
leqsis Cemeul analizs gagacnobde, mkiTxvelo, jer Ta-
vad `efemera~ – es leqsi-`zmaneba~ – aRvidginoT yvelam
mexsierebaSi:

cxenTa Sejibrebaze Cemi lurja cxenebi

hqroden efemeruli da feradi qarebiT,
iyven saukuneni, magram me vixsenebi
gafrenili pirveli wyebis niagarebiT.

vwuxvar: erTaderTi var da zecaze weria

Cemi gza da axali lalis karTagenebi,
bedi – qrolis gareSe – CemTvis araferia,
CemTvis yvelaferia isev lurja cxenebi.

he, qaosSi dakarguls qari damedevneba

ZaxiliT: galaktion! da Znelia migneba.
sadac exla jvaria da gviani mtevnebi,
iq ukvdavi magiis marmarilo iqneba.

ramdeni qaravani, mTebze gadamarTuli,

gaiSleba mcnobeli mRvrie udabnoeTis,
329
 wveTi sisxlis ar aris CemSi araqarTuli,
Zafi nervis ar aris CemSi arapoetis.

o, ramdeni dacxreba Suriani Tvalebi,

rom marad imarjveben idumali SvenebiT
leqsTa Sejibrebaze – mxolod intervalebi,
cxenTa Sejibrebaze – isev lurja cxenebi!

aha! SoriT moismis qveyniuri guguni,

elva elvas gaekra, daeleka cas Rvari,
gaqra, rogorc Rumeli, codviT gadabuguli,
ukanasknel ZebnaTa sevdiani sazRvari.

kideebi SeSlili, Rameebi veluri

daitvirTon wamebiT, Rame mTvares moebas.
suls swyuria sazRvari isev efemeruli,
suls swyuria sazRvari, rogorc usazRvroebas.

sTqvi, ras niSnavs zenitze mdgari Sori palmebi?

win! im usazRvrobaSi mwuxarebas aitan.
Cemebr did saidumlos me iq mivesalmebi,
yovel mxriv sivrce iyos, Svela ki – arsaidan.

o, ubralo xmebisTvis arasdros ar mecala,

daisera msoflio gamoucnob wylulebiT.
koSkebs sizmareTisas nisli gadaecala
da iq mieqaneba suli ganwirulebiT.

netav, jojoxeTisa dardma gamiyolios,

sadac vardebs baRisas maisoba uqreba.
mZime qvebis quslebiT daveyrdnobi poliuss,
roca qari moskdeba da cas Seemuqreba.

rogorc uxvi memkvidre, visvri savse peSvebiT

fantastiur mkvlelobebs da ocnebas mkaTaTvis.
warsulSi, momavalSi wyevliT gadaveSvebi,
rom Zeglebi avmarTo Rvrie SvenebaTaTvis.
330
 Tqven SexedeT: pirveli Cndeba meridiani,
veZeb isev daRupvas da davcini siberes,
warsuls wydeba foTlebis wyeba imediani,
Semodgomis qarvebma gzebi gadamiferes.

de, TamaSis Tu brZolis viyo cqeriT garTuli,

iyos mzeTa orgia da magia mTvarisa,
viyo am RriancelSi marad xelaRmarTuli
landi – araqveyniur dardiT gadamwvarisa.

damrCes es saidumlo, rogorc wminda embazi,

efemera momeqces, rogorc Rames enebos.
cxenTa Sejibrebaze! cxenTa Sejibrebaze!
cxenTa Sejibrebaze gaswiT, lurja cxenebo!

1922 w.

galaktions Tavisi RmerTic hyavs – qarTuli sityva,

da am uaRresad rTulsa da, marTlac rom, `zmaneba~-leq-
sSi am sityvaTa erTgvari aRlumia.

2. maspinZeli ena

galaktioni aRmerTebs dedaqarTuls, qarTuli enis

Zalmosilebas, mis `msofliurobas~ (niko maris terminia!),
risi wyaroc, Cemi azriT, Cveni enis keTilmaspinZlur bu-
nebaSi Zevs; ZvelTagan moyolebuli, qarTuli farTod
uRebda kars ucxoenovan leqsikas, igi uxvad da bevrisgan
sesxulobs, iTvisebs, Seitkbobs, Seisisxlxorcebs sity-
vebs, Tavis darjakSi gamoatarebs maT da aqarTulebs; cxa-
dia, zomiereba yvelaferSi saWiroa, da am RvTaebriv niWs
dedaqarTuli yovelTvis avlenda: igi dedaenis WiSkarTan
ketiT xelSi arasodes mdgara da arc berZnul-romaul-
iranul-arabul-Turquli warmomavlobis sityvebi gamo-
331
urekavs sakuTari samflobelodan, Tumca es WiSkari arc
arasodes moufleSia ise, rom Tavisi ezo quCad gadaeqcia...
sityvam moitana da, galaktionis erT gamosarCev dam-
saxurebad mimaCnia ucxoenovani leqsikis Semotana-dam-
kvidreba Cvens literaturul mimoqcevaSi. sruliad gan-
sakuTrebul mxatvrul funqcias iZens am leqsikis is seg-
menti, anTroponimebs rom veZaxiT – istoriul da lite-
raturul personaJTa sakuTari saxelebi, miTologiur
pirTa, toponimTa, anu geografiul obieqtTa saxelwode-
bebi; nimuSad misi cnobili leqsis dasawyisic ikmarebda:

roca aqteoni, Zei aristeas,

laRad midioda tyeSi sanadirod,
uceb dainaxa TeTri artemida – Tavis nimfTa Soris
igi banaobda Zveli parTenonis msubuq nakadebSi...
(`roca aqteoni~)

magram es calke da sagangebo kvlevis Temaa, axla ki Cven

isev `efemeras~ davutrialdeT.

3. saukeTeso

Znelia galaktionis Semoqmedebidan saukeTeso leqsis

gamorCeva; Tavadac werda:

gavSli Zvirfasi leqsebis konebs,

ra siuxvea, ra simravlea...

am siuxveSi saukeTesos Zieba bevrs amao garjadac

moeCveneba – yvela gemovnebian mkiTxvels Tavisi `jila~
leqsi eguleba galaktionis SedevrebSio. asecaa, magram
saukeTesoTa SerCevis problema mainc yovelTvis dgeba av-
toris, gamomcemlis, redaqtoris winaSe, miT ufro, roca
maTi ricxvi konkretuli raodenobiT izRudeba; zog av-
torTan saukeTesos arCevani TiTqos advilia da sayovel-
332
Taodac aris aRiarebuli – romelia nikoloz baraTaSvi-
lis an akakis saukeTeso leqsio, qarTvelTa absoluturi
umetesoba `merans~ da `ganTiads~ dagisaxelebs. zog av-
torTan ki – magaliTad, galaktionTan – amaze pasuxi Wirs.
Cemi azriT, vinc am saorWofo kiTxvaze mopasuxis rols
ikisrebs, man kidec unda daasabuTos Tavisi arCevani.
galaktionis romeli leqsi migaCniaT saukeTesodo,
es CemTvisac bevrjer ukiTxavT da mec arasdros mov-
ridebivar pirdapir pasuxs, Tumca misi werilobiTi da-
sabuTeba ar micdia. axla vecdebi es Cemi mosazreba kidec
dagisabuToT.
galaktionis saukeTeso leqsad mimaCnia `efemera~
(pirveli striqoni: `cxenTa Sejibrebaze Cemi lurja cxe-
nebi...~ sxvaTa Soris, am leqsis saTauris variantad avto-
grafebSi daculia `isev lurja cxenebi~. sabolood upi-
ratesoba avtorma mainc `efemeras~ mianiWa).
maS ase – `efemera~.

4. efemeras `pasporti~

es sityva axalia da me ver moviZie, galaktionamde Tu

hqonda visme beWdurad is gamoyenebuli. SesaZloa, misi
pirveli `momxmarebeli~ swored galaktion tabiZe iyos.
poetis uzarmazari avtoritetis miuxedavad, es sityva
arc galaktionis Semdeg gavrcelebula. niSandoblivia,
rom `efemera~ am saxiT igi arc ganmartebiT leqsikonSi
da arc qarTul enciklopediaSia dafiqsirebuli. mixeil
WabaSvilis `ucxo sityvaTa leqsikonSi~ ki vkiTxu-
lobT: efemera – ix. efemeridi, romelic, Tavis mxriv,
asea ganmartebuli: [berZ. ephemeris (ephemeridos)] – 1. (moZv.)
frTosani mweri, romelic mxolod erT an ramdenime dRes
cocxlobs; medReura. 2. (gadat.) xanmokle, efemeruli ra-
me. Tavis mxriv, efemerul-i ase ganimarteba: [berZ. ephe-
meros erTdRiani] – 1. xanmokle, swrafwarmavali, aramyari.
2. ararealuri, moCvenebiTi.
333
 5. ucvalebelia cvalebadoba

galaktioni `efemeras~ da `efemeruls~ swored gada-

taniTi mniSvnelobiT iyenebs – ararealuri, moCvenebi-
Ti da, aqedan gamomdinare, maT xmarobs momijnave seman-
tikuri velis sityvaTa maxasiaTebladac. Sesabamisad,
`efemera~ aseT mniSvnelobebsac iTavsebs: sizmriseuli,
zmanebiseuli, mudmivad cvalebadi, medini, usazRvro,
ganusazRvreli; ase gagebul efemerasa da efemeruls ris
an vis maxasiaTebel-ganmsazRvrelad iyenebs galaktioni?
ra aris maradiulad cvladi, moCvenebiTi, iluzoruli?
garkveuli msoflmxedvelobis adamianTaTvis yoveli ar-
sebuli sagani Tu movlena aris efemera da efemeruli.
galaktionic TiTqos aseT pozicias avlens am leqsSi
(da – ara marto am leqsSi!): mudmivad cvladia yvela da
yvelaferi, maradiuli da ucvalebeli mxolod is aris,
rom yvelaferi icvleba. Tu Cven gvjera, rom yvelaferi
icvleba, maSin Tavad am gamonaTqvamis Sinaarsic unda
icvlebodes, ese igi, yvelaferi ar icvleba! am logi-
kiT vRebulobT e.w. semantikur paradoqss, maTematikur
logikaSi klasTa klasis saxeliT cnobils. maTematikur-
sa da logikur wiaRsvlebs rom davexsnaT, intuiciis
doneze galaktionis mkiTxveli grZnobs, rom poeti yo-
veli arsebulis efemerulobaze ar SeCerebula; isev
zemoT dasmul kiTxvas davubrundeT: ra aris amqveynad
ucvleli, mudmivi da maradiuli? ucvlelia is mosazre-
ba, rom yvelaferi cvalebadia, magram Tu am Tezas TviTon
am yvelafris cvalebadobis debulebas mivuyenebT, gamo-
va, rom yofila raRac, rac ucvlelia, kerZod, ucvleli
da maradiuli is debuleba gaxlavT, rom yvelaferi
cvalebadia.

334
 6. sazRvris usazRvroeba

am `cvalebadoba-ucvlelobas~ erTgvarad exmianeba

galaktioniseuli gageba sazRvrisa. zRv-ari sa-zRv-ari,
usa-zRv-roeba – am sityvebSi TavCenili zRv – komple-
qsi TiTqos SeiZleboda semantikurad dagvekavSirebina
`zRude~, `SezRudva~, `zRudavs~ sityvebis `zRu~ – bger-
aTkompleqsTan, magram es calke sakiTxia da masze amje-
rad ver SevCerdebi. ucilobeli is faqtia, rom cnebebs
`sazRvari~ – `usazRvroeba~ galaktioni am leqsSic Tavs
dastrialebs da maT originalur poetur-filosofiur
interpretaciasac iZleva; sazRvari hqonia – Tanac `sev-
diani~ – adamianuri gonis Zieba-Zebnasac:

gaqra, rogorc Rumeli, codviT gadabuguli,

ukanasknel ZebnaTa sevdiani sazRvari.

roca sazRvari qreba, maSin irgvliv usazRvroeba da-

isadgurebs... poetma TiTqos miaRwia mizans, man gadalaxa
sazRvari – igi usazRvroebas mieaxla! Tumca galaktion-
Tan poeturi mizani leqsSi bolomde arasdros miiRweva;
aqac gadalaxul-daZleuli mizani axal samiznes gamoaCens
– isev sazRvars, oRond – axals: horizontis xazisa ar
iyos – damkvirvebeli ramdenadac uaxlovdeba mas, es xa-
zic imdenadve gadaiwevs win.
da ase gagrZeldeba usasrulod:

suls swyuria sazRvari isev efemeruli,

suls swyuria sazRvari, rogorc usazRvroebas.

sulis am wyurvils gamoxatavs `efemera~.

ufro konkretulad ki am wyurvils borkilebisagan
Tavdaxsna anu Tavisufleba hqvia.
`efemera~ amsxvrevs artaxebs, angrevs zRudeebs, aTavi-
suflebs suls.
es leqsi Tavdaxsnili sulis RaRadisia.
335
 sulis es moupiravi wyurvili rom moikla, Tavdaxsnis
yovliswamlekav vnebas kaci sulian-xorciana unda miece,
unda iqrolo, unda ifrino... da am giJuri srbolis po-
etur saxed galaktioni lurja cxenebs mouxmobs:

cxenTa Sejibrebaze Cemi lurja cxenebi

hqroden efemeruli da feradi qarebiT...

es qrolva poetisaTvis imdenad faseulia, rom masTan

SedarebiT iRbals, yismaTs, TviT bediswerasac ki igi ar-
araobad miiCnevs:

bedi – qrolvis gareSe – CemTvis araferia,

CemTvis yvelaferia isev lurja cxenebi.

avtografSi erTgan finaluri striqoni – `cxenTa Se-

jibrebaze, cxenTa Sejibrebaze, cxenTa Sejibrebaze gas-
wiT, lurja cxenebo!~ – asea warmodgenili:

cxenTa Sejibrebaze, cxenTa Sejibrebaze

gaswie, galaktion, gaswiT, lurja cxenebo!

etyoba, am sworebiT avtors surda, daekonkretebina

– ra saxiT miaqrolebs igi gadareul cxenebs: saaspare-
zo etlze wamomarTuli Tu – kentavrad Serwymuli Tavis
lurjasTan. albaT, yvelas gagvaxsendeba aseve gacxen-
kacebuli tatos mowodeba-yivili: `gaswi, gafrindi,
Cemo merano, gardamatare bedis samzRvari...~ magram
galaktioni imasac mixvda, ufro efeqturi iqneboda, am
dinamikur suraTs Tu mkiTxvels Tavisive fantaziiT
daasrulebinebda, amitomac teqstSi es cvlileba aRar
Seutania.
sulis Tavisuflebaze moRaRade galaktioni (`o, ub-
ralo xmebisTvis arasdros ar mecala~) samyaroseuli
masStabis poetia da, poliuss qvis mZime quslebdayrdno-
336
bili, igi elaparakeba mTel msoflios, yoveli modgmis
adamians, ganurCevlad erovnebisa Tu enisa; amasTanave
poeti rCeba TxemiT terfamdis erTguli Tavisi erisa,
Tavisi qarTvelobisa – aki acxadebs TviTon:

wveTi sisxlis ar aris CemSi araqarTuli,

Zafi nervis ar aris CemSi arapoetis.

7. zarxoSis sizuste

am werilis dasawyisSi `efemeras~ leqsi-zmaneba vuwode.

amasTan dakavSirebiT oriod Cems dakvirvebas gagiziareb,
mkiTxvelo.
1. Cemi ar iyos, iqneb, Senc, Zil-RviZilis samanze myofs,
gigrZnia raRac Rrma da idumali kavSiri saganTa da mov-
lenaTa Soris da ginatria, netav axla gamomafxizla da es
yvelaferi qaRaldze gadamataninao; es gancda zogjer
iseTi mZafria, marTlac wamogaxtunebs kacs zeze da ka-
lamsac agaRebinebs xelSi, magram... is, rac TiTqos ase naT-
lad gyavda Zil-buranSi moxelTebuli, gamofxizlebuls,
mSral silasaviT CagiSvavdeba TiTebSua.
2. SezarxoSebul Wabukebs dava-kamaTisas xSirad mogv-
Cvenebia, axla sufrasTan iseT Rrma da saintereso azrebs
`vafrqvevT~, fxizlebs rom arc mogvlandebiao. amis Sesa-
mowmeblad erTxel magnitofonze Cumad Caviwere Cveni
morigi `disputi~, magram, `Canaweri~ rom gavSifre, pirka-
ta meca – amisTana abdaubda araferi momesmina.
es orive SemTxveva pol verlenis im mignebas adastu-
rebs, sityvis `SemTvral sizustes~ rom eZaxis frangi po-
eti: arsebobs samyaro, aris WeSmariteba, mxolod zarxo-
Sis (da – ara simTvralis!) Jams rom eZleva adamians; anda
– sizmrad. me rom mkiTxoT, swored es zarxoSis sizuste
da sizmriseuli namdviloba warmoSobs poezias. misi mxo-
lod meqanikur-teqnikuri ganmeorebiT `zarxoSis sizus-
te~ qreba; Cvengan, ubralo mokvdavTagan, gansxvavebiT,
337
galaktioni fxizeli gonebiTac flobs am sizustes da
axerxebs sizmriseul zmanebaTa leqsad gacxadebas – miT
ufro `efemerebSi~, rac zmanebulsac niSnavs; zarxoSiT
zeSTagonebul efemeraTa moxelTeba ki mxolod genio-
sebs ZaluZT.
ai, erTi nimuSic `zarxoSis sizustisa~ galaktionis
`mSobliuri efemeridan~:

myinvaris Subli Semoses RrubliT

da ca alubliT savsea... kmara!
yvavilTa cidan kalaTebs cliden,
darialidan zaravda zara.

amas `RabuSi~, anu RvTaebrivi siSlegiT Sepyrobili

kaci ambobs... damjdari logikiT imis gansja, Tu vis
mimarTavs poeti `kmara!~-o, an ras niSnavs `yvavilTa cidan
kalaTebs cliden, darialidan, zaravda zara~ – amao gar-
ja iqneboda: am striqonebis mougeriebel xiblsa da mu-
sikalobas swored sityvaTa es `zarxoSiseuli sizuste~
ganapirobebs.
galaktionze, kerZod, sulieri Tavisuflebisaken mis
Tavawyvetil srbolaze adrec damiweria (ix. `wyurvili
sulisa~, balaveri, #4, 1981): `es marto maTrobela gancda
rodia, is gadamdebic gaxlavT ufrore, vidre gripis epi-
demia... da gadmodis galaktionis sulidan Cvenze Tavi-
suflebis es mZleTamZle, macocxlebeli `mikrobebi~...
amasTanave, roca poeti gvaTavisuflebs monobis, siZul-
vilis, simxdalis tvirTisgan, igi ufro mZime uRels gvad-
gams qedze – siyvarulis, erTgulebis, zvarakis moralur
uRels, anu Cven, misi mkiTxvelebi, Cvenive nebiT SevudgamT
mxrebs am mZime jvars da mivyvebiT kvalSi galaktions:

me mivdiodi erTi, sadac maRali ferdi,

viT uZvelesi RmerTi, aRmarTuliyo cada.
Cven mivdiodiT ori, ganvvleT Wala da gori,
Sori mTebidan qori Tan mogvyveboda gzada.
338
 Cven mivdiodiT sami, gzebze daeca nami;
iyo saRamo wami gamWvirvale da sada.
Cven mivdiodiT Svidi, Ramec movida mSvidi,
da ros cis aris mSvildi gadmoekida mwvervals,
gavxdiT aTasi mcveli, sul axali da Zveli,
axla movdivarT mTeli legionebis wyeba.
(`me mivdiodi erTi~)

8. danaskvi

yovelive zemoTqmulis gamo mimaCnia `efemera~ galak-

tionis saukeTeso leqsad... da amasac davsZen – Tu Cems
mosazrebas daeTanxmebi, mkiTxvelo, xom kargi, Tu ara da
– arc imaze damwydeba guli, Tu galaktionis SedevrTagan
romelime sxva leqss mianiWeb upiratesobas.

339
zaza SaTiriSvili

galaktionis „efemeraTa cikli“:

Tematika da interteqstualoba

ramdenime winaswari SeniSvna

„efemeraTa cikli” gulisxmobs, daaxloebiT, aTamde

leqss, romlis saTaurSi an ZiriTad teqstSi gvxvdeba
sityva „efemera“ (da kidev oriode leqss sagangebo
konteqstiT, romelTa Sesaxebac, aseve, gveqneba saubari).
es leqsebia – „efemera“ („cxenTa Sejibrebaze Cemi lurja
cxenebi...“ – SemdgomSi `efemera“I), „isev efemera“, „zRvis
efemera“, „saaxalwlo efemera“, „mSobliuri efemera“,
„efemera“ („Sexede! mSvidi Seni dobili!...“– `efemera“
II), „efemera“ („sasaflaos mxridan Zera...“ – `efemera“
III), „musikaluri fantazma“, „dRiur prozidan“, `sami
Rrubeli“.
am mwkirividan Svidi – 1927 wlis krebulSi daibeWda
da TiToeuli maTgani 1922/23 wlebiT TariRdeba.* rac Se-
exeba „efemera“ III-s, is daumTavrebeli uTariRo fragmen-
tia, romelic pirvelad galaktionis 12–tomeulis me–7
tomSi gamoqveynda.
ra aerTianebs am leqsebs? arsebobs Tu ara Tematuri
kavSiri maT Soris? ras niSnavs sityva „efemera“? ratom
iyenebs sityva „efemeruls“ galaktioni sruliad sxva –
arasaleqsikono – mniSvnelobiT? Cven qvemoT SevecdebiT
pasuxi gavceT am SekiTxvebs.
modiT, Cveni analizi daviwyoT sityva „efemeras“ mniS-
vnelobiT. ra aris efemera? misi saleqsikono mniSvne-

* amas ver vityviT „musikalur fantazmaze“, romelic, marTalia, aseve,

1927 wlis krebulSi daibeWda, magram namdvilad gagviWirdeba misi zusti
daTariReba. danarCeni leqsebi ki pirvelad gamoqveynda „galaktion tabiZis
JurnalSi“, romelic swored 1923 wels gamodioda.
340
loba aseTia: efemera – esaa 1. erTdRiani mweri; 2. nabeWdi
produqcia, romlis saarqivo Senaxva gamiznuli sulac
araa. swored amitom, sityva „efemeruli“ aRniSnavs „warma-
vals“, „droebiTs“, „xanmokles“, „dRemokles“.
kidev erTxel mivubrundebiT galaktionis aRniSnul
cikls, davinaxavT, rom „efemeruli“ 1927 wlis krebul-
Si sruliadac ar aRniSnavs „droebiTsa da warmavals“, –
piriqiT:
cxenTa Sejibrebaze Cemi lurja cxenebi
hqroden efemeruli da feradi qarebiT,
iyven saukuneni, magram me vixsenebi
gafrenili pirveli wyebis niagarebiT.
(`efemera“ I)

rogorc vxedavT, „efemerulis“ ritorikul-semanti-

kuri veli galaktionTan swored „maradiuls“, „mudmivs“,
„saukunos“ gulisxmobs. aqedan gamomdinare, arc Tavad
efemera unda aRniSnavdes raime „xanmoklesa“ da erTdRi-
ans, piriqiT! – da amas gvafiqrebinebs, upirveles yovli-
sa, efemeraTa atributebi: „saaxalwlo“ (e.i. – zamTris,
Tovlis efemera; (Tumca, am leqsis namdvili qronotop-
osidan gamomdinare, upriani iqmneboda, rom Teatralur
efemeraze gvesaubra), zRvis efemera (wyali, rogorc sti-
qia), mSobliuri efemera (garkveuli azriT, leqsis qro-
notoposidan gamomdinare – „mSobliuri miwis“ efemera). am
fonze „isev efemera“ sxva araferia, Tu ara qaris efemera.
amitomac, savsebiT samarTlianad ibadeba aseTi azri:
xom ar esmis galaktions sityva „efemera“, rogorc sti-
qiasTan (oTxive stiqiaTan) dakavSirebuli suli, fantomi
Tu jadosnuri arseba – rogorc silfida, undina, ko-
boldi da salamandra, romlebic, germanikul-keltur mi-
Tosur warmodgenebSi, Sesabamisad, wylis, haeris, miwisa
da cecxlis sulebi arian? amas mxars umagrebs isic, rom
„efemera II-is“ finalSi efemera gasaxierebulia: „efemera
momeqces, rogorc Rames enebos...“
341
 Tumca, efemeras gamoyenebis kidev erTi uzusi sakmaod
saintereso damatebiT niuanss gvTavazobs:

meocnebisTvis bedma mozida

axali qari cvalebad–mqroli,
Sen, amxanago, dRiur prozidan
efemerebSi xar asrolili.
(„dRiur prozidan“)

aq mniSvnelovania, erTi mxriv, efemeraTa mravlobiTi

ricxvi, xolo meore mxriv – yoveldRiurobisa da oc-
nebis, horizontalisa da vertikalis, Cveulebrivisa da
uCveulos, prozisa da poeziis dapirispireba. „efemerebi“
swored vertikalur, arayoveldRiur, uCveulosa da po-
etur sferos gamoxataven.
aRsaniSnavia, rom galaktionis arqivSi daculia kidev
erTi leqsi msgavsi uzusiT:

aha, asrulda! bedma mozida

axali qari, cvalebad mqroli,
cxovrebis wridan, dRiur prozidan
efemerebSi varT anasroli.
( „...jer isev guSin Sen Tavze idev...“)

rogoc vxedavT, Cvens winaSea ukve citirebuli leqsis

varianti, sadac „efemerebis“ ritorikul-stiluri mniS-
vneloba, fatobrivad, sruliad identuria.*
daaxloebiT msgavsi ram xdeba sityva „efemeridebTan“
mimarTebaSic. rogorc viciT, efemeridebi berZnul kul-
turaSi yoveldRiur Canawerebs aRniSnavs, xolo Tana-
medrove gagebiT – esaa mnaTobTa adgilsamyofelis ganm-
sazRvravi astronomiuli cxrilebi. magram galaktion-
Tan arc efemeridebi gamoiyeneba amgvari normatiuli
mniSvnelobiT:
* mocemuli teqsti galaktionis arqivSi ori dauTariRebeli avtografis
saxiT arsebobs. erT maTganSi leqsi amgvarad gaxlavT dasaTaurebuli:
„valeri briusovi“, xolo Tu ratom, es ukve sxva gamokvlevis Temaa.
342
 Sen aRtacebiT isev enTebi,
Zveli taZrebi isev Sendeba,
efemeridebs gamoenTebi
da sadme mainc gagiTendeba.
(`Sen aRtacebiT isev enTebi~)

maS ra mniSvnelobiT iyenebs galaktioni sityvebs

„efemera“, „efemeruli“ da „efemeridebi“? imave periodSi
(1922 wels) da imave adgilas (xelovnebis sasaxleSi, sadac
daiwera „efemera I“) dawerili leqsi „aivanze“ gvaZlevs
garkveul gasaRebs, Tu rogor unda SevxedoT „efemeras“,
„efemeridebsa“ da „efemeruls“ galaktionis poeziaSi –
„am sasaxlidan mitarebia / feeriuli mernis sadave...“
Cveni azriT, „efemera“ da „efemeruli“ sxva araferia,
Tu ara „feeriuli mernis“ anagrama. „feeriuli“ niSnavs
fantastikurs, jadosnurs, araamqveyniurs. daaxloebiT
imaves niSnavs galaktionis poetur diskursSi „efemeru-
li“. „efemerulisa“ da „feeriulis“ bgerweruli gadaZa-
xilis miRma sagulisxmo interteqsti imaleba. grigol
robaqiZe Tavis eseSi „saqanela da saxrCobela“ (1921 w.),
rodesac qarTuli kulturis tipologiaze saubrobs,
SeniSnavs –
qveyana ingreva da saqarTvelo ki qanaobs: qanaobs ro-
gorc yviTeli Winka saqanelaze. es aris misi ritmi: sa-
naxaoba efemeruli Zalze da misTvis albaT feeriuli
metad~* (robaqiZe 1997: 279-280).
rogorc vxedavT, „efemerulisa“ da „feeriulis“ roba-
qiZiseulma bgerwerulma wyvilma bevrwilad gansazRvra
galaktionis „efemeraTa ciklis“ xatwera da semantikuri
wanacvlebani. rogorc erTma poetma SeniSna: „mniSvnelo-
ba amaoebaa da sityva – oden xmauri, roca fonetika se-
rafimis mxevalia“.
amasTanave, „efemera“I–is erT–erTi umniSvnelovanesi
interteqsti merani da, sazogadod, baraTaSvilis poeziaa:
* es da yvela momdevno italiki Cvenia – z.S.
343
 bedi – qrolvis gareSe – CemTvis araferia,
CemTvis yvelaferia isev lurja cxenebi –

pirveli striqoni swored baraTaSvilis meranTan

gvagzavnis (kerZod, Semdeg pasaJTan – „da Seupovrad mas
hune Tvisi Savis bedis win gamouqroldes~), xolo meore –
avtoaluziaa.
meranTan da baraTaSvilTan gvagzavnis kidev ramdenime
pasaJi:
gaqra, rogorc Rumeli, codviT gadabuguli,
ukanasknel ZebnaTa sevdiani sazRvari –

„ukanasknel ZebnaTa sevdiani sazRvari“ ori baraTaS-

viliseuli xatis kontaminaciaa – erTi mxriv, aq aluziaa
„bedis samZRvarze“, xolo, meore mxriv, „sevdiani“ ukve
baraTaSvilis sxva leqsTan („fiqrni mtkvris piras“) da am
leqsis lirikul gmirTan gvagzavnis: „warved wyalis pirs
sevdiani fiqrT gasarTvelad...“ aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom
„sevdiani sazRvari“, cxadia, metonimiaa, romelic, amave
dros, metaforul gasaxierebas (prosopopeas) gvaZlevs.
aseve, „suls swyuria sazRvari, isev efemeruli,/ suls
swyuria sazRvari, rogorc usazRvroebas“ – aseve, merni-
seul „bedis samZRvarTan“ gvagzavnis.
aqve unda aRvniSnoT, rom „efemeruli sazRvari“, erTi
mxriv, „fantastikur“, „feeriul“, transcendentur (da
ara – warmaval, xanmokle, moCvenebiT) sazRvars aRniSnavs,
magram, amasTanave, rogorc anagramuli bgerweriT, aseve
semantikuradac „efemeruli sazRvari“ merniseul sazR-
varsa da feeriul meranze migvaniSnebs. swored amitom,
aq kidev erTxel unda gavixsenoT „efemera~ I-is dasawyisi:
„cxenTa Sejibrebaze Cemi lurja cxenebi / hqroden efe-
meruli da feradi qarebiT...“ – sadac fem/fer bgerweru-
li jgufi, aseve, feeriul meranTan gvagzavnis.
sanam „efemera“ I-is sxva interteqstebsa da ufro
dawvrilebiT Tematur analizze gadavidodeT, modiT,
344
kidev erTxel gavxazoT, rom sityva da xati – „efemera“ –
galaktionis poetur diskursSi niSnavs ara „warmavalsa“
da „xanmokle“ arsebas, aramed stiqiis, ZiriTadad, qrol-
vis suls – genius–s, romelic ukavSirdeba sxvadasxva
qronotoposs – qars, zRvas, bunebas (tyeebs), Teatrs,
musikas, xelovnebas, dResaswaulsa da zeims, magram upi-
ratesad – qrolvasa da Sejibrs. is gamoxatavs maradiulsa
da permanentul moZraobas. am azriT, efemera SeiZleba ga-
viazroT, rogorc gasaxierebuli stiqiis zogadi saxeli,
romlis kerZo SemTxvevebia zRvis efemera, qaris efemera,
saaxalwlo efemera, mSobliuri (tyis) efemera, feeriuli
merani, efemeridebi da a.S.
modiT, gavaanalizoT efemeras ramdenime kerZo xorc-
Sesxma.

1. „efemera“ I

„efemera“ I daaxloebiT imave funqcias asrulebs 1927

wlis krebulSi, rasac „lurja cxenebi“ – „artistul yvavi-
lebSi“. amaze miuTiTebs metri (orive SemTxvevaSi – 3-ter-
fiani gaormagebuli qore daqtiluri klauzuliT) da cen-
traluri xati – lurja cxenebi. Cven zemoT ukve aRvniS-
neT, rom am leqsis erT-erTi umTavresi interteqsti bara-
TaSvilis „merania“. magram axla sjobs, interteqsualuri
analizi cota xniT gverdze gadavdoT da teqstis Tematur
ganxilvas SevudgeT.
ras gveubneba es leqsi? ra aris misi mTavari „gzavni-
li“? ar SevcdebiT, Tu vityviT, rom mTeli leqsi sxva
araferia, Tu ara TviTSesxma – avtoenkomioni: leqsis
lirikuli „me“ aris „erTaderTi“ da „marad gamarjvebu-
li“ poetur SejibrSi – agonSi:

vwuxvar: erTaderTi var da zecaze sweria

Cemi gza da axali lalis karTagenebi...
.......
345
 o, ramdeni dacxreba Suriani Tvalebi,
rom marad imarjveben idumali SvenebiT
leqsTa Sejibrebaze – mxolod intervalebi,
cxenTa Sejibrebaze – isev lurja cxenebi!
......
viyo am RriancelSi marad xelaRmarTuli...

amave dros, teqstSi araorazrovnadaa miniSnebuli,

rom qristianul simboloebs galaktionis kulti unda
Caenacvlos:

he, qaosSi dakarguls qari damedevneba

ZaxiliT: galaktion! da Znelia migneba.
sadac exla jvaria da gviani mtevnebi,
iq ukvdavi magiis marmarilo iqneba.

teqsti sruliad cxadad gveusaubreba Sejibrze, TamaS-

sa da brZolaze, rasac, sabolood, galaktionis poetur
triumfTan mivyvavarT.
am agonur diskurss meore mxarec aqvs – `Suriani Tva-
lebi“. magram is, Tu vin aris am SejibrSi damarcxebuli
mxare, teqstidan ar Cans. Tumca, ufro farTo konteqstis
moxmobiT, SesaZlebelia am literaturul-poeturi po-
lemikis adresatis rekonstruireba. amisaTvis saWiroa
mocemuli leqsis kidev erT interteqstze saubari. ker-
Zod, „efemera“ I-is Semdegi taepi –

Tqven SexedeT: pirveli Cndeba meridiani...

gvagzavnis tician tabiZis erT Teoriul teqstTan sak-

maod simptomuri saTauriT – „manifesti azias“ – da am man-
ifestis erT aseT pasaJTan:
`azias araferi daemyneba, misi niadagi amoSra. axali
qveynis pirveli revoluciis da poeziis meridiani pari-
zia~ (tabiZe 1997: 302).
346
 „efemera“ I-Si aziis Sesaxeb araferia naTqvami. samagi-
erod 1927 wlis krebulis ramdenime leqsi aSkarad eka-
maTeba tician tabiZis am antiaziur manifests. davasaxe-
lebT iseT teqstebs, rogorebicaa – „aRmosavleTi“, „Cven
azia varT“, „poema vefxisa“ da sxv.* aqedan gamomdinare,
SeiZleba vivaraudoT, rom „efemera“ I-is agonuri diskur-
sis mTavari adresatebi cisferyanwelebi da, maT Soris,
tician tabiZe arian.
„efemera~ I esaa poetis triumfisa da misi erTaderTo-
bis, TviTgandidebisa da sakuTari Tavis kultis Seqmnis
TvalsaCino da cxadi magaliTi. amiT is mniSvnelovnad
gansxvavdeba „lurja cxenebisagan“, romelic gvixatavs usas-
rulo mankier wresa da, aseve, usasrulo umizno qrolvas.
cxadia, „lurja cxenebis“ erT-erTi umTavresi interteq-
sti, aseve, „merania“; magram „merniseuli“ veqtori – „bedis
samZRvris“ gadalaxvis imedis-miRma-imedi cxenebis usas-
rulo wriuli moZraobiTaa Canacvlebuli, baraTaSvili-
seuli tragikuli Tavganwirva ki – unugeSo entropiiT.
„efemera“ I mTlianad atrialebs „lurja cxenebis“ en-
tropiul unugeSobas da qmnis poetis triumfis permanen-
tul da maradiul suraTs. „jvari da mtevnebi“ – qristi-
anobis simboloebi – galaktionis „ukvdavi magiiT“ – „mze-
Ta orgiiTa da mTvaris magiiTaa“ Canacvlebuli. baraTaS-
viliseuli tragizmi da moZmisadmi Tavganwirva mTlianad
Secvlilia narcisistuli agonizmiT, sadac sxva ukve aRar
Cans („Suriani Tvalebis“ garda), rac savsebiT logiku-
ria: qristianobas xom aq poetis `pirovnebis kulti~ anac-
vlebs, roca is sakuTar Tavs Zegls udgams: „sadac axla
jvaria da gviani mtevnebi, / iq ukvdavi magiis marmarilo
iqneba“; „mZime qvebis quslebiT daveyrdnobi poliuss...“
(faqtobrivad, aq poeti sakuTar Tavs aRwers, rogorc
Zegls – monuments).

* Cven am teqstebze ukve gvqonda saubari SedarebiT sxva konteqstSi

(SaTiriSvili 2004: 156-160).
347
 dabolos, „efemera“ I – esaa pozitiuri da triumfaluri
„lurja cxenebi“, sadac baraTaSvilis merani mTlianad
„daZleulia“:

gaqra, rogorc Rumeli, codviT gadabuguli,

ukanasknel ZebnaTa sevdiani sazRvari –

„sevdiani sazRvari“ – baraTaSviliseuli „ganwiruli

suliskveTeba“, romelic, amave dros, moZmiskenaa mimarTu-
li – „lurja cxenebSi~ unugeSobis mankieri wriTaa Canac-
vlebuli, rasac cxenebis „grgvinva-griali“ gamoxatavs,
xolo „efemera“ I-Si, Tavis mxriv, es unugeSoba poetis
narcisistuli triumfiTa da galaktionis „axali religi-
iTaa“ Secvlili.

2. „isev efemera“

mocemuli teqsti galaktionis qrestomaTiuli nawar-

moebia, xolo striqonebi – „qari ara sCans, qari ara sCans,
/ mainc mwervalebs edeba qari“ – qarTuli saliteraturo
kanonis erT-erTi yvelaze ufro xSirad citirebadi po-
eturi fraza.
daviwyoT teqstis Tematuri analiziT. ra niSnavs „isev“
efemera? ra aris am leqsis mTavari „gzavnili“?
Tuki „efemera“ I esaa Sejibrisa da poetis „triumfis
efemera“, maSin „isev efemara“ esaa triumfis meore mxare
– leqsi gviCvenebs, Tu ra fasad ujdeba pirveloba da tri-
umfi – „simaRle“ – poets: “...mxolod imitom, rom maRalia,
/ marad da marad tydeba Cinari. // rogorc Cinari – ise po-
eti, / misTvis simaRle aris wameba, / ara RimiliT da alo-
eTi / dahfaravs mterTa ciliswameba. // is – maRalia, didia
mainc! misTvis moismis zarebis zari: / qari ara sCans, qari
ara sCans, / mainc mwervalebs edeba qari”.
Cinari/mtkvari, rogorc mijnuri da satrfo – esaa
baraTaSviliseuli wyvili (leqsidan „Cinari“), romelsac
348
galaktioni cvlis poeti-Cinaris xatiT. amrigad, baraTaS-
vilis poezia am SemTxvevaSic erT-erTi mniSvnelovani in-
terteqstia (leqsis sxva adgilas naxsenebia meranic: „ho,
leliani maSin daqanda, / viT mwervalidan merani mali.“).
poeti galaktionis am leqsis mTavari figura da pro-
tagonistia. ufro metic – am teqstSi oTxi narativi gvaqvs
poetis (xelovanis) Sesaxeb. pirveli esaa – narativi, erTi
SexedviT, ucnobi poetis Sesaxeb, vis „cxovrebaSic SeiWra
qali“– Tumca, teqstis adreuli redaqciebidan irkveva,
rom es poeti aris pol verleni. meore narativi paganinis
Sesaxeb gaxlavT, romelic 1927 wlis krebulSi ramden-
jerme gvxvdeba sakmaod mniSvnelovan konteqstebSi.*
mesame narativi – esaa verharnis – „drois axali dantes“
– Sesaxeb, xolo bolo narativi dostoevskisa da misi
cxovrebis im epizods exeba, rodesac mas sikvdiliT das-
ja ukanasknel wams katorRiT Seucvales.
arc erTi es poeti/xelovani araa SemTxveviT dasaxe-
lebuli: verleni galaktionisaTvis sakulto figuraa
(cxadia, ara mxolod galaktionisaTvis) – 1919 wlis
krebulSi is moxseniebulia, rogorc „daRupuli mama“.**
verharni, sazogadod, aseve, sakulto figuraa simbo-
listur wreebSi – cisferyanwelebis TaosnobiT damo-
ukideblobis dros erT-erT Tbilisur quCas verhar-
nis saxeli mieniWa da dRemde ase ewodeba. am saerTo
simbolistur mowiwebas galaktionic aqtiurad iziareb-
da. rac Seexeba dostoevskis, is „artistuli yvavilebi-
sa“ da 1927 wlis krebulis mniSvnelovan invariantul
motivebTanaa dakavSirebuli.
dabolos, poetis/xelovanis Sesaxeb es oTxive narativi
im Tezisis dasabuTebaa, rom poetisaTvis „simaRle aris
wameba“.

* „masSi mravali iyo Sopeni / da paganini – fantastiuri“...

** ufro dawvrilebiT amis Sesaxeb ix. SaTiriSvili 2004: 35-37.
349
 3. „zRvis efemera“

es leqsi ar miekuTvneba e.w. galaktionis kanons. teq-

sti gviyveba sazRvao katastrofaze – „iZireba gemi „ime-
di““. efemera zRvis konteqstSi unda gaviazroT, rogorc
„feeriuli sanaxaoba“ an/da zRvis stiqiuri suli – genius
loci, an sulac – fantomi. im saxelebidan, romlebic
teqstSi gvxvdeba, mniSvnelovania jorj uoSington de-
longis xseneba („eqspedicia eSureboda /mamaci kapitnis /
de-longes, / dakarguli kvalis / sapovnelad...“), romelic
1881 wels daiRupa mTel Tavis ekipaJTan erTad.
invariantuli motivebidan, ra Tqma unda, aRsaniSnavia
usamSobloobis Tema („magram samSoblo arasodes / Cven
ar gvqonia, / Cveni samSoblo / okeanea. / Cveni samSoblo /
imedia...“), romelic, sazogadod, damaxasiaTebelia „artis-
tuli yvavilebisa“ da 1927 wlis krebulisaTvis (SaTiriS-
vili 2004: 21-22).

4. `saaxalwlo efemera“

mocemuli leqsi galaktionis kanonis erT-erTi cen-

traluri teqstia. is gamoirCeva naratiuli bundovanebi-
Ta da saxeobrivi hermetizmiT. avtori, erTi SexedviT,
TiTqos ambavs gviyveba, magram mkiTxvels ebadeba gancda,
rom sinamdvileSi mis winaSe fsevdo-narativia.
Cven zemoT ukve aRvniSneT, rom „saaxalwlo efemeras“
SeiZleboda „Teatraluri efemerac“ darqmeoda. marT-
lac, Teatraluri qronotoposi leqsis ZiriTadi dro-
sivrciTi maxasiaTebelia. amis miuxedavad, teqsti age-
bulia e.w. „jaWvis Cavardnili rgolebis“ principiT, rac
ganapirobebs Cven mier ukve aRniSnul hermetizmsa da bun-
dovanebas. Tumca ufro farTo konteqstis moxmoba (ker-
Zod, vgulisxmoT Tavad 1927 wlis krebuls) saSualebas
iZleva, davinaxoT garkveuli gadaZaxili avtoris sxva
leqsebTan.
350
 magaliTisaTvis, Semdegi strofi – „da poeziis naTeli
droSiT / ixaverdeba ocneba Wreli, / rom sxva mocartiT
da delaroSiT / vixiblebode me, menestreli“... – gvagzav-
nis leqsTan „aRar aris menetreli“: „es ocneba aris Wre-
li / fiqri bneli Ramisa, / aRar aris menestreli / unazesi
damisa“.
aseve, „suli gaqanda zRvaSi motived, / TiTqo qaosis
nislSi Seveli / da ativtivda iq nafotiviT / klaviSi er-
Ti, Seuleveli“... aSkarad exmianeba imave krebulis aseT
teqsts: „Rrublebo Savo, mzeo sapyaro, / me aRtacebis
zRvaSi Seveli, / aRmovaCine mTeli samyaro, / qveynisTvis
jerac miukvleveli“ („dadga agvisto“).
„TeTri pingvinis“ metafora, `saaxalwlo efemeras“
garda, 1927 wlis krebulSi kidev erTgan gvxvdeba: „cis ul-
mobeli mSrali vardeTi / gadafarula TeTri pingviniT“...
(„SuadRis gulimodgineba“) da, rogorc Cans, aqac mTvares
aRniSnavs.
dabolos, „abnelebs sanTlebs, alagebs darbazs / da
mSvidaT midis mosamsaxure“... – rogorc sxvagan ukve aR-
vniSneT, exmianeba ara mxolod 27 wlis krebulis ramde-
nime teqsts, aramed „artistuli yvavilebis“ erT-erTi
invariantuli motivis anareklia, romelsac Tavis dros
„sasaxlisa da baRis“ lirikuli qronotoposi vuwodeT
(SaTiriSvili 2004: 99-102).
sagulisxmoa Cveni leqsi interteqstualuri kuTxi-
Tac. saxeli beatriCe Teatralur qronotoposSi ara
dantes, aramed persi biSi Selis poeziis aluziaa. kerZod,
igulisxmeba Selis poeturi tragedia „CenCi“, sadac erT-
erTi mTavari personaJi beatriCe CenCis saxels atarebs.
saxelovnebo-poeturi diskursis sxva gamoxatulebaa
mocartisa da pol delaroSis* saxelebi, aseve, – Semdegi
* pol delaroSi (Paul Delaroche, 1797 – 1856), frangi mxatvari, romelic cno-
bilia Tavisi istoriuli Sinaarsis tiloebiT. amave dros, mas ekuTvnis „an-
Tologiuri“ xasiaTis naxati, romelzec gamosaxulia 75 mxatvari leonar-
dos, miqelanjelosa da rafaelis triumviratiT centrSi. cxadia, aq gvaqvs
sruliad gamWvirvale aluzia rafaelis qrestomaTiuli „berZnuli filoso-
351
leqsikuri mwkrivi: poezia, klaviSi, klaviatura, dendizmi,
Teatri, loJa, koncerti, asonansi da a.S. da, aseve, aRiareba
– „kvlav monad vyavar Teatris vardebs“. amave konteqstSi
unda wavikiTxoT leqsis mTavari laitmotivi-refrenic –
„musika, Rvino da yvavilebi“.
magram ras niSnavs „flor extra fina~?, romelic, aseve, refre-
nis nawilia da orjer meordeba? „Flor extra Fina Habana“ sxva
araferia, Tu ara kuburi sigaris nairsaxeoba, romelic
XX saukunis dasawyisSic (anu – galaktionis dros, iseve
rogorc, dRes) sakmaod didi popularobiT sargeblobda.
ase rom, sigara da Rvino, romelic myar „daZmur wyvils“
warmoadgens (rogorc luis bunueli ityoda) Rvinisa da
yvavilebis wyvils „eriTmeba“.
musikaluri da Tetraluri diskursebis aseTi daJi-
nebuli da xazgasmuli gadakveTa mkiTxvelSi aRZravs
safuZvlian eWvs, rom leqsis „aracnobierSi“ aSkarad
daleqilia saopero konotaciebi.* ufro metic – Cndeba
kerZo saopero dadgmis dasaxelebis survilic ki, da
es opera puCinis „bohema“ gaxlavT, romlis saxelic
sruliad miesadageba galaktionis mier gamoxmobil
bohemur saxelovnebo atrmosferos. magram, aqve Sev-
niSnav, rom leqsikuri mwkrivi – koncerti, klaviSi,
klaviatura – ufro imis maCvenebelia, rom aq aluzia sa-
fortepiano koncerts ukavSirdeba. samwuxarod, Tana-
medrove TbilisSi aRaravin darCa im Taobidan, visac
emaxsovreboda XX saukunis 20-iani wlebis saopero Tu
konservatoriis sakoncerto repertuari. amitomac, amisi
garkveva da ufro damajerebeli „realuri komentaris“
SemoTavazeba momavali mklevarebisaTvis migvindvia.
fiuri kanonisa“. rogorc Cans, swored amgvari „metasaxelovnebo“ mizezis
gamo miipyro delaroSma galaktionis yuradReba da mocartis gverdiT mox-
seniebac daimsaxura.
* galaktionis poeziaSi uxvad gvxvdeba saopero qronotoposebi: „midis ope-
ra „lakme“, / butaforiis Sexla“... („Wianurebi“); „ ...da rogorc landi „lo-
engrineSi“ / lands siCumeze Seevedreba“ ... („aha, binddeba“); aseve, „gemi da-
landi“, romelic aSkarad vagneriseuli „mfrinavi holandielis“ aluziebs
Seicavs da sxv.
352
 dabolos, unda SevniSnoT, rom „saaxalwlo efemeras“
bohemur-nostalgiuri ganwyoba, saxelovnebo-poeturi
diskursi musikaluri da Teatraluri „slengis“ uxvi ga-
moyenebiT, aseve, sruliad aSkara artistul-erotikuli
konotaciebi (Teatri-udabno, fardis daSveba, sayure,
romelic sarkesTan wydeba demonuri warbis patrons...),
simbolisturi poetikisaTvis aucilebeli mTvare bodle-
riseuli „maxinji“ kontrastuli metaforiT („mTvare –
Rrublebis TeTri pingvini“), „ukanaskneli lxinis“ xseneba
– yovelive es aSkarad miuTiTebs saaxalwlo karnavalur-
ritualur qronotoposze (misi sayovelTaod aRiarebu-
li miTosur-poeturi potencialiT),* romelic, poeziis
Taviseburad mkacri logikis gaTvaliswinebiT, SesaZloa,
sruliad warmosaxviTi da fantomuri iyos, rogorc, ma-
galiTisaTvis, ana axmatovas, aseve, genialuri „ugmiro
poemis“ prologSi.**

5. „mSobliuri efemera“

CvenTvis saintereso kuTxiT, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom mo-

cemul konteqstSi „mSobliuri“, cxadia, gamoxatavs ara
ubralod „dabadebis adgils“ da „kuTxes“ sagangebo mniS-
* Tavad galaktionis poeziaSi axali wlis qronotoposs sruliad gansa-
kuTrebuli adgili ukavia: „mxolod axalwlis bindebSi ambobs / musika Ta-
vis Tavgadasavals“ („aha, binddeba“); „ori milioni TvalebiT / vucqeri axal
/ aTas cxraas ocdasam wels / da vambob: / gaumarjos momavals!“ („...es iyo
oqtombris damlevs...“); „ras moelian vardebi rguli? / yvavilebs Tibavs el-
vaTa celi. / Tendeba: qarma waiRo guli / da aTas cxraas meoce weli...“ („mag-
ida alembikebiT“) da sxv. rogorc wesi, galaktionTan axali weli gamoxatavs
droiT rRvevas, Seuqcevadobas, magram, aseve, – imeds, siaxlis gancdas „idum-
alebisa“ da „mistikurobis“konotaciebiT. aqve unda gaviTvaliswinoT, rom
galaktioni „drois poetia“ („Cveni dro isev rusTavels elis...“, „dro. dro
aRniSne!“, „wiwamurSi rom mokles ilia / maSin epoqa damTavrda didi...“; „... da
dros daarqva – revolucia...“ da sxv.). swored amitom, axali wlis miTosur-
rituluri potenciali (axali weli – esaa kosmogoniis qronotoposi lamis
yvela arqaul miTosur tradiciaSi) mis poeziaSi lamis srulad aris reali-
zebuli.
** sagulisxmoa, rom Tavad axmatovas Sedevris erT-erTi mTavari da „provo-
kaciuli“ interteqsti – mixail kuzminis poema „kalmaxi yinuls amtvrevs“
(1929 w.) aseve, saaxalwlo qronotoposSi iwyeba.
353
vnelobiT, aramed swored „samSoblos“, „mSobliur miwas“.
am gagebiT, Tuki „isev efemera“ da `zRvis efemera“ oTx-
elementiani struqturidan, Sesabamisad, qarsa da wyals
miemarTebian, „mSobliuri efemera“ – esaa miwis efemera.
cxadia, yovelive es xdeba e.w. iliaseuli „samSoblos
diskursis“ gamoyenebiT („Tergisa da myinvaris“ diqoto-
mia), Tumca, arc „amiranis narativia“ daviwyebuli (akaki
da vaJa).
sruliad gamWvirvale Sinaarsi/gzavnili moTavse-
bulia virtuozul prosodiul-asonansur-bgerwerul
formaSi, romelic imdenad SeumCnevelia, rom mkiTxveli
verc ki xvdeba, Tu, magaliTiaTvis, ra riTmuli eqsperi-
mentebia mis winaSe. Tumca, es ukve sxva saubis Temaa.
dabolos, kidev erTxel aucileblad unda iTqvas,
rom 19 da 27 wlis krebulebSi galaktions rTuli damoki-
debuleba aqvs samSoblosadmi. is xan acxadebs, rom
samSoblo ara aqvs („radgan ar maqvs samSoblo“ – `mzadeba
gasamgzavreblad~; „...sxva samSoblo ar gamaCnia, rom es
Tovlis Cemi samSoblo...“ – `oforti~), an mas „zemodan
uyurebs“ („da / saqarTvelo! / Sen movale xar, rom nat-
robde / Cems megobrobas ufro mxurvaled, / vinem me Sensas!
– `Rrublebi oqros amurebiT~), xolo Tu raime sentimen-
ti uCndeba, mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tuki is, pirdapiri
mniSvnelobiT, ver cnobs mSobliur qronotoposs („wina-
parTagan wavida yvela, / sxva xalxis ismis aq Jriamuli“ –
`mamuli~). mocemuli leqsi am sentimentis kidev erTi na-
Teli gamovlinebaa („veRar vcnobilob mSobliur xeebs...“
da a.S.).

6. „efemera“II
es teqsti galaktionma 27 wlis krebulSi ar Seitana.
amitomac mocemuli krebulis farglebSi ori nawarmo-
ebi erTi da imave saTauriT namdvilad ar gvxvdeba. leqsi
mxolod erTxel daibeWda da isic 1923 wels „galaktion
tabiZis JurnalSi“.
354
 rTuli saTqmelia, Tu ratom ar gamoaqveyna galakti-
onma es leqsi SemdgomSi. esTetikuri Tu poetikuri
TvalsazrisiT, misi dawuneba sakmaod rTulia. teqstis
arqiteqtornika, sadac rusTveliseuli diskursi gada-
jaWvulia modernistul onomastikasTan, sakmarisad vir-
tuozulia („..gare yornisa hfenia tevri...“, „...brolni
Tlilebi...“, „... da mxolod Senze fiqrobs goia!“, „...gotie!
ai, Seni tomebi...“ da sxv.).
leqsis finali kidev erT gasaRebs gviwvdis, Tu rogor
unda gaviazroT efemeras metaforuli figura:

sadRaa naSTi Zveli Jinisa!

gotie! ai, Seni tomebi,
oden fantomebs daendomebi,
viT gadareva paganinisa.

Tavi rom davaneboT imis, rom „naSTi Zveli...“ akakis

cnobili poemis prologidan wamoRebuli saSeni blo-
kia, romelic sruliad sxva konteqstSi gaxlavT CaSe-
nebuli, sayuradRebo mainc „fsiqologiuri“ Tu kvazi-
fsiqologiuri“ leqsikaa – „fantomisa“ da „gadarevis“
wyvili. aq bgerwera da fontika arcTu umniSvnelo rols
asrulebs. Tumca, es Cveni ciklis am SemTxvevaSi bolo
teqstis wakiTxvisas gamoCndeba.

7. „musikaluri fantazma“

modiT, jer gavecnoT teqsts pirveli wakiTxviT:

sulo umzeo, magram mziano,

yovelTvis, roca hberavda qari,
mesmoda nislis fortepiano,
zari, guguni da isev zari.

355
 ver iviwyebda maSin verc erTi
saqarTveloSi hangTa xandazmas
da TviTeuli misi koncerti
efemerisas hgavda fantazmas.
sadRac qviTini iyo qaluri.
da sonatebis nazi ferebi,
stiroda misi musikaluri
da gadarevis efemerebi.

rogorc vxedavT, warmodgenili konteqsti, sabolood,

gviCvnebs, rom galaktions „efemera“ („efemerebi“, „efeme-
ridebi“, „efemeruli“) esmis garkveul konotaciur velSi,
romelsac Semdegi leqsikuri mwkrivi ayalibebs (movix-
mobT Svidive teqstis masalas): „fantazma“, „musikaluri“
(„fortepiano“, „koncerti“, „klaviSi“, „asonansi“...), Teat-
raluri („operis vardebi“), „lurja cxenebi“, „intervale-
bi“, stiqiuri (sazogadod, xelovneba, magram, aseve, bune-
bac, rogorc stiqia: miwa-kldeebi-tyeebi, wyali-zRva, qa-
ri-qrolva!), paTosi („gadareva“), „fantomi“, „feeriuli“,
fantastikuri da sxv., rac imas niSnavs, rom galaktioni-
seuli efemera (efemerebi, efemeridebi) da efemeruli
– esaa ara efemeruli („warmavalis“ standartuli sale-
qsikono mniSvnelobiT), aramed, amis sruliad sapirispi-
rod, swored – maradiuli (!).
es yovelive, cxadia, robaqiZiseulma interteqstma
ganapiroba, sadac efemeruli da feeriuli, yvelafer-
Tan erTad, myar bgerwerul paronomaziul wyvils qmnis,
romelsac galaktioni mocemuli ciklis farglebSi ara-
cnobierad (?) mudmivad Tavidan da Tavidan warmoqmnis,
rac kidev erTxel imas gvidasturebs, rom poetur dis-
kursSi, wesisamebr, mniSvneloba amaoebaa da sityva – oden
xmauri, roca fonetika serafimis mxevalia, risi damtki-
cebac gvsurda.

356
 damowmebani:

robaqiZe 1997: robaqiZe gr. `saqanela da saxrCobela~. kreb. evropa Tu

azia. Tbilisi: gamomcemloba `literaturis matiane~, 1997.
tabiZe 1997: tabiZe t. `manifesti azias.~ kreb. evropa Tu azia. Tbilisi:
gamomcemloba `literaturis matiane~, 1997.
SaTiriSvili 2004: SaTiriSvili z. galaktionis poetika da ritorika.
Tbilisi: gamomcemloba `logos presi~, 2014.

357
istoriidan

TanamedroveTa gamoxmaurebani
`artistul yvavilebze~*

vasil Cxenkeli

`Crâne aux fleurs artistiques~

jer TviT saTauri, mere epigrafebi. warsuli dRis

`TeTr gedebze~ da `lurj frinvelebzed~ mogviTxroben
isini. guSin isini dascuravden mowyenil dedamiwis tbeb-
Si, dasrialebden mis galaRebul baRebSi guSin, magram mas
Semdeg TiTqo mTelma saukunem ganvlo. rasac ar unda moki-
do aq xeli, masSi ukve ar scems uSualo sicocxlis maja.
gadaSaleT krebuli, aiReT ramdenime leqsi, alal-
bedze, romelic ki mogyveT xelSi da, Tqven mixvdebiT, rom
poeti danTqmulia ganmartoebul sulis melanqoliaSi.
dedamiwa da misi cxovreba ver gaumarTlebia mas, daoble-
buls da mudam mogonebebiT savses, magram es grZnoba ar
iwvevs mxatvrul aqtivobas masSi. is ar ekveTeba arsebuls,
rom Sescvalos igi: es SeuZlebelia...
galaqtion tabiZe wminda wylis romantikosia. mis poe-
ziaSi modernizmi da misi ukanaskneli zednaqsovebi axali
romantizmis saRebavSia gavlebuli. misi futurizmic ki
uaRresaT romantikulia. misi stiqia aris gaRrmavebuli
piradi grZnoba da pirovnebaSi Caketil qveynis Wapanwyve-
ta. amaSia misi Zala da sisuste. Tanamedrove cxovrebas
sazogadoT ar swyalobs igi (ukeT Tanamedrove cxovreba
* ibeWdeba fragmentebis saxiT.
358
ar swyalobs mas), magram iq, sadac Zalauneburad ar Se-
uZlia auaros mas gverdi, traRizmiT savse kacobriobis
dokumentebi ver CamouSorebia SekumSul sulis melan-
qoliisaTvis: `rogor ebrZoden zarebs zarebi~, `gemi da-
landi~, `ramdenime dRe petrogradSi~.
krebuli Seicavs saSualo formatis 128 gverds. masSi
moTavsebulia 86 leqsi ukanasknel xuTi wlis ganmavloba-
Si dawerili. garegnulis mxriv wigni veraa xeirianad gamo-
cemuli, magram es xom Cveni drois Wiria da Cveni kidev –
gansakuTrebiT. yvelazed samwuxaro isaa, rom koreqtura
moikoWlebs, rac leqsebis krebulisTvis yovlad Seuwyn-
arebelia. Cveni drois mixedviT wigni araa Zviri da vinc
Cvens poezias Tvalyurs adevnebs, misTvis am krebulis
SeZena aucilebelia.

Jurn. `Svidi mnaTobi~, 1919, oqtomberi, №2.

ivane gomarTeli

Cveni sityvakazmuli mwerloba 1919 wels

pirveli wignis gamocemis Semdeg galaqtion tabiZe

didxans sdumda. es garemoeba gansakuTrebiT iyo sawyeni
CemTvis, radganac pirvel tomSi utyuari niWi sCanda da
amave dros baraTaSvilis monaTesave suli.
meore wignSi galaqtioni imdenaT gaizarda, rom aseTi
didi nabiji Cvens mwerlobaSi metaT iSviaTi movlenaa.
galaqtion tabiZis Semoqmedeba cxovrebam ver Cakla,
miuxedavad imisa, rom is Tavidanve cud pirobebSi imyofe-
boda da dResac imyofeba.
miuxedavad mravali dabrkolebisa, is sagrZnoblad
gaizarda da misi meore wigni Cveni axali poeziis erTi
saukeTeso Tvalia.
grZnobaTa simdidre, siRrme da siwrfele, gancdaTa
siuxve da silamaze, formis mravalferoba da sirTule,
359
musikisa da riTmis sinaze da keTilSobileba, mocekvave,
momRerali riTmebis nair-nairoba da silamaze erTmaneTs
ejibrebian da aseTi yovelmxrivi simdidre xelovnebisa
pirvelad mkiTxvels aTrobs, abruebs, rogorc cxoveli
mze gasworebul Tvals.
pirvelad roca hkiTxulobT galaqtionis meore wigns,
is Tavisi mdidari da mravalferovani Semoqmedebisa gamo
gaurkvevel STabeWdilebas stovebs.
rodesac ramdenjerme waikiTxavT, mxolod maSin
SesZlebT imis Cawdomas, gacnobas, dafasebas da misi poe-
ziiT datkbobas.
galaqtionis axali wigni sarkea poetis sulisa. aq man
Cagvaxeda iSviaTi lirizmiT gaJRenTil poeziaSi.
amdenad nazi, saTuTi, faqizi, wminda da momxiblavi
grZnoba, xan Cumi da wynari, xan ki usazRvro, uZiro sevdiT
daTalxuli, – grZnoba, romelic sulisa da gulis siRrme-
Si gwvdebaT da mTels arsebas ipyrobs, imonebs, baraTaSvi-
lis Semdeg pirvelad aris Cvens poeziaSi.
galaqtion tabiZem gadagviSala didi estetiuri niWi,
romelic yovelisfers zomavs, wonis da afasebs esteti-
uris TvalsazrisiT.
galaqtionis meore wignSi ver naxavT verc erT naZa-
ladev riTmas. riTmebi da asonansebi aq erTimeores eji-
brebian da riTmaTa gadajgufebaSi mas toli ara hyavs.
aiReT misi leqsebi: `lurja cxenebi~, `Voiles~, `atmis
yvavilebi~, `is~. aq riTmebi marto boloSi ki ar arian, ar-
amed Sig striqonebis SDuagulSia.
aseTi riTmebiT moqarguli leqsebi Cvens axal poeziaSi
mxolod galaqtionsa aqvs.
galaqtionis suli metad nazia, grZnobiT aRvsili. ami-
tom is ver ascda gavlenas. da imis meore toms sakmaoT aCn-
evia kvali simvolizmisa.
simvolistebs sCveviaT bundovanad, gaugebrad wera.
galaqtionis meore wignSiac aris ramodenime leqsi,
romlis azri metad bundovania.
360
 galaqtioni grZnobs Tavis niWs da sulier Zalas, imas
sakmaod ganviTarebuli Tavmoyvareoba aqvs da amave dros
metad nazi grZnoba. sinamdvile jer ar aZlevs mas, rac
saWiroa, rom misma niWma daubrkoleblad gaSalos frTebi.
ai aq aris axsna imisi, Tu rad imeorebs poeti:

radgan ar maqvs samSoblo, radgan ar myavs aravin.

galaqtion tabiZe didi niWia da mas didi yuradReba

unda, sxvanairi mopyroba.
es yuradReba da mopyroba man daimsaxura.
Tavisufal saqarTveloSi rom kidev amoikvnesos man:
radgan ar maqvs samSoblovo, es ukve Cveni sircxvili iqneba.

gaz. `erToba~, 1920, 1-3 ianvari, № 1,2.

alfa

wigni aramravalTaTvis

ucnaur STabeWdilebas axdens Cveni niWieri mgosnis,

g. tabiZis amas wined gamosuli wigni. kiTxulob piesas pi-
esaze da TavSi burusi mefdeba. ukvirdebi wakiTxuls, eZeb
azrs, magram is, TiTqo, saucxovod naqsov rideSi gaxve-
uli, TrTis da garbis, viT moCveneba pirvelidan ukanas-
knel gverdamde.
g. tabiZe Tavisi wigniT pirvel adgils iWers Taname-
drove qarTvel mgosanTa rigSi. misi axali krebuli didi
da araCveulebrivi movlenaa Cven axal poeziaSi. is Rirs
imaT, rom mas dro da adgili daeTmos gasarCevaT da Sesas-
wavlaT...
dRes is aris `wigni aramravalTaTvis~.

Jurn. `muSaTa cxovreba~, 1920, 14 ianvari, # № 1.

361
akaki papava

fiqrebi mSobliur literaturaze

mgonia, udavoa, rom Zvirad moipoveba CvenSi meore po-

eti, romelsac SesZlebodes Tavisi koloritis Seqmna
formisa da Sinaarsis mxriT. tabiZis esTetiur aristokra-
tizms, mis lamaz sevdiT miRebas qveynisas Seefereba le-
qsebis msubuqi forma, qarvis keTilSobili bzinva. es Seu-
wyveteli, neli musikaa, qalaqisagan moRlil nervebs rom
atkbobs, es yoveli sagnis intimobis xmaa, masTan axlos rom
migizidavT da SegayvarebT...
gansakuTrebulia misi weris manera da am Semoqmede-
bas ar Sexebia Tavisi sitlanqiT cxovrebis sicxade – mas
uyvars sizmrebi martoobisa da verc erT striqonSi ver
ipoviT imeds, mas ar uyvars samsaxuri, igi aristokratia...
Tu SesaZlebelia poeziis paraleli primitiul, elemen-
tarul grZnobebTan, maSin vityviT, rom g. tabiZe esTeti-
ur ynosvis da Sexebis poetia, amitom yovel arsebasTan igi
ufro axlo sdgas da mis intimobiT metyvelebs. s. abaSeli
esTetiuri xilvis mgosania, amitom yoveli arseba misgan
mzes ukavSirdeba da sxivebis ferebiT laparakobs da mxat-
vroba, forma, garegani mSveniereba misi stiqiaa. tabiZe
dawuravs sevdas da misiT mTvralia mudam...

gaz. `saxalxo saqme~, 1920, 16, 17, 22 ianvari, #

№ № 729, 730, 733.

varlam xuroZe

galaqtion tabiZis Semoqmedeba

(kritikuli cda)

tabiZis xelovnuri niWi imdenad Zlieri da momajadoe-

belia, rom yvelas daimorCilebs; Tqven SegiZliaT ar
gainawiloT tabiZis msoflmxedveloba, magram imas ki
362
ver uaryofT, rom misi leqsebis kiTxvis dros sworeT im
grZnobas gancdiT, rasac TiTon poeti ganicdida, sworeT
ise uyurebT maSin amqveyniur cxovrebas, rogorc mgosani.
musikisa da riTmis mxriv tabiZis poezia uaRres wertil-
ze asulad unda CaiTvalos...
meore toms aSkarad azis simbolizmis beWedi: mistika,
RvTismSobeli, wminda Casaxvis monasteri, macxovari, jva-
ris wera, samreklo, zarebi... da sxva saeklesio atributebi
xSiria am tomSi. gaugebrobas da stilis bundovanebasac,
– rac ase axasiaTebs simbolizms – didi adgili aqvs daT-
mobili: zogi leqsis kiTxvis dros leqsikonis xmarebac
ki aris saWiro. aRsaniSnavi da xazgasasmelia is garemoeba,
rom Sinaarsis bundovanebas TiTon leqsis formis – gare-
gani mxaris – bundovanebac Tan misdevs. forma da Sinaarsi
– orive Znelad gasagebi – mSvenivrad SeuTanxmebia tabiZis
Zlier niWs.
waikiTxeT meore tomi da aSkarad darwmundebiT amaSi.

Jurn. `cisartyela~, 1920, № 2.

kolau nadiraZe

g. tabiZe. `Crâne aux fleurs artistiques~

miudgomeli minda viyo. galaktion tabiZe WeSmariti po-

eti aris – maRali rangis. es bevrs avalebs mas. misi liter-
aturuli biografia 1907 wlidan iwyeba. periodi `sevdian~
leqsebisa man ganvlo da pirvel wignSi vali moixada Tavis
axalgazrdobis winaSe. ramdenime wlis Semdeg misi meore
wigni gamodis. Cven didis yuradRebiT SevxvdiT mas, miT
ufro, rom Cven is dasrulebul poetaT migvaCnda `cisfer
yanwebSi~ moTavsebul leqsebis Semdeg.
`lurja cxenebi~ Sedevria, Tumca galaktion tabiZis
qmediT individualobas ar eTviseba. am leqsis Semdeg
Cven sxva Sedevrebs velodiT, magram wignSi versad aRmo-
363
vaCineT. irracionaluri poezia `lurja cxenebisa~
arsad ar meordeba misi saocari dinamikiT. iqneb es
ukanono moTxovnileba iyos. SeiZleba is SemTxveviTi
leqsia – alkogolis koSmari, cremlebiT da riTmiT
gakeTilSobilebuli.
mTeli wignis miReba gasaWiria: aq ar aris daculi esTe-
tiuri kultura da mxatvruli siswore. pretenziebs Cven
gverds vuarT...
aris sastiki adgilebic, umxatvro, yalbi `butaforiis
Sexla~. Cven amas Tamamad vambobT...
zogierTi Sedarebebi da metaforebi Targmania Cveu-
lebriv rusul saxeebisa, Tumca siZvirfasis STabeWdile-
bas iZlevian. magram erTi ram iTqmis usaTuod: wignSi aris
amRereba (напев), da Tu sami striqoni yalbia, meoTxeSi did
poets igrZnobT. kargia leqsebi: `marmarilo~, `paraleli~,
`edgari mesamed~, `saxli tyis pirad~, `Seni sadRegrZelo~...

Jurn. `Svildosani~, 1920, ianvari, № 1.

ivane ioseliani

genialuri galaktioni

es meaTejer wavikiTxe es TeTrydiani wigni da vici:

kidev mravaljer davubrundebi, radgan aq yoveli le-
qsi lamazi sizmrebiT gasneulebs, aq sinamdvile mTvaris
SuqiT daferili sizmareTia. exla cxadia, rom gadavida
mamuliSviluri da programuli poeziis xana. axali qarTu-
li poezia zeimobs Tavis feriscvalebas da am ganaxlebis
pirveli Cumi da wrfeli aRsareba es wignia: `Crâne aux fleurs~.
saqarTveloSi modis didi mwerali da mas gzas ulo-
cavs eris erovnul-politikuri Tavisufleba. Cvens Tval-
win irRvevian xelovnebis damCrdilavi socialuri pi-
robebi da amieridan xelovneba ar iqneba marto brZolis
sayviri, arc sibralulisa da saTnoebis fsalmunad iqceva
364
igi. silamaze, mSveniereba! – ai, ra iqneba misi miRweva, Ta-
visufleba yovelgvar dogmatebisagan! – ai, ra iqneba misi
devizi...
sruliad gansakuTrebuli gziT midis galaktion tabi-
Ze: aseTi gza mxolod rCeulTa xvedria. warsulis poeziam
mas uanderZa bunebrivoba, esTetiuri sispetake da liter-
aturuli sindisianoba. amave dros igi mTeli Tavisi tem-
peramentiT, SeSlili nervebiT da naRvliani ocnebiT axa-
li kulturis winamorbedia...
WeSmaritad, genialuri galaktionis msgavsad bevrs
aravis aqvs ufleba sTqvas:

saqarTvelo!
Sen movale xar,
rom natrobde
Cems megobrobas
ufro mxurvaled,
vinem me Sensas!!
Jurn. `tfilisi~, 1920, № 1.

ioseb imedaSvili

TeTri mefe

xangrZliv nazamTri axal gazafxuls SeswrebixarT Tu

ara mTis mwvervalze mzis pirvel sxivebs, – ai galaqtion
tabiZis poeziis elvareba da pirveli salami; ginaxavT Tu
ara kamkama, umwiklo qafi, an buCqis Ziras axlad amoty-
orcnili ia, axal gafurCqnili vardi, ynosvas rom umanko
surnelebiT gitkbobT, ai galaqtionis Semoqmedebis Sina-
gani Zala; wynar mzian amindSi, diliT, gagivliaT Sav zRva-
ze da CagixedniaT Tu ara mis kamkama gulSi, an kideebSi,
xavsiT mosil tinTa Soris Caisrebuli mzis sxivi Tvalis
momWrel mraval feradovnebas rom warmogidgenT, mTeli
simdidre uZiro zRvisa rom jadosnurad geCvenebaT, umaR-
365
les gancdiT rom gatkbobT da ver ki agixsniaT, ra grZno-
baa. ai swored aseTia galaqtionis samgosno Zala.
galaqtioni jer kidev saukeTeso yurZnis wvenisebur
duRilSia, mas Tavisi saboloo sityva ar uTqvams, da ra
Tqma unda, jer verc kritika ityvis Seumcdars.
galaqtion tabiZem aTis wlis winad Jur. `Teatri da
cxovreba~-Si aidga samgosno fexi da dRes, aTi wlis Tavze,
ukve saxelmoxveWili mgosania...
guliTadi salami Cvenis grZnobaTa TeTr mefes –
galaqtion tabiZes!
Jurn. `Teatri da cxovreba~, 1920, 29 Tebervali, №8.

ioseb griSaSvili

g. tabiZis meore tomi

tabiZe sxvanairia. igi yvela Cven poetebze ufro fan-

tastiuri adamiania, misi meore tomi didaT ganirCeva
mis pirvel tomisagan. da rogorc mis pirvel tomSi,
ise aqac mxolod ramdenime leqsia kargi da avtoris
damaxasiaTebeli...
galaqtions Tavis Rireba-naklulovanebiT Cven kidev
daubrundebiT, mxolod samwuxaro is aris, rom Cveni nafi-
ci kritikosebi am wignze sduman, maT ufro einteresebaT
simbolistebis dabali Skola (kronosis sarke, niWi, xala-
si, umeSveo da Taviseburi). me vamzadeb vrcel gamokvlevas
am saTauriT `asonansebi Zvel mwerlebSi~, xolo axlebSi ki
unda iTqvas, rom arc erTs poets ar exerxeba asonansebi
ise, rogorc galaqtions. CamoTvla nu gvinda. ahfurc-
leT wignebi da irwmuneT! piradaT me momwons misi: `lur-
ja cxenebi~, `meri~ da `pirimze~, am ukanasknelSi TinaTi-
nobs saqarTvelos yofili sevda.
Jurn. `leila~, 1920, № 2.

366
p. kekelia

qarTuli poezia
(1919)

yvelaze metad Zlierad sicocxlis da tanjvis prob-

lema erTmaneTTan dakavSirebulia g. tabiZis poeziaSi. aq
sicocxlis kiTxvas gankerZoebulad tanjvis problemas-
Tan Tqven ver aRmoaCenT. amiT g. tabiZesac SeuZlia ia-
mayos. tanjvis religias dostoevskis SemoqmedebaSi miT
hqonda mniSvneloba, rom am religiaSi Rrmad gadaiSala
rusis xalxis instinqtiuri socialuri motivebi da es mo-
tivebi organiulad daukavSirda evropis civilizaciiT
imedgacruebul ruseTis inteligenciis gonebriv simdi-
dres, xolo dostoevskis mier Seqmnili tanjvis religia
erTi udidesi momenti iyo socialur elementTa erTs or-
ganiul mTelSi Camosxmisa.
g. tabiZec CvenSi eZebs im Sinaarss da im sistemas,
romelSiac mas SeeZleba es socialuri elementebi Sehkri-
bos da mogvces mTliani, damTavrebuli poeturi sistema.
g. tabiZem Tavis poeziaSi swored ori elementi aiRo. es
aris inteligenciis, rogorc aseTis, motivi, `sevdis tan-
jvis problema~...
tabiZis poeziaSi Zalauneburad Seva mesame elementi _
es sul axali inteligencia, dRevandeli, romelic sruli
antitipia Zveli, am aTi wlis winandel inteligenciisa.
meore wigni g. tabiZis nawerebisa amas SesaZleblad
scnobs.
forma g. tabiZis Semoqmedebisa arsebiTad ar ganirCe-
va sxva CvenSi kargad cnobili mgosnebis nawarmoebTa
formebisagan (Tu ar miviRebT mxedvelobaSi assonansebs).

Jurn. `Teatri da cxovreba~, 1920, №6.

367
demna Sengelaia

galaqtion tabiZe
(silueti)

...da ai movida vaJi daTenTili am sastik qariSxaliT,

daTenTili qalaqis Semodgomian dReebiT, dawewili su-
liT.
movida igi nazi, moqanculi da daemxo Semodgomis fo-
TlebiT dafurclul, aniavebul, JamTa viTarebis gamo
gamoyviTlebul, miviwyebul marmarilos TlilL kibeebze
da aqviTinda ucxo xmaze.
...saocari mousvenrobaa gamefebuli mis wignSi.
yvelaferi moulodnelia da TeTri saSineleba ipyrobs
Sens suls, saSineleba Tenebisa, rodesac hgrZnob sicrues,
hgrZnob Sejgufebul koSmarebs dRisas.
misi wigni caxcaxebs nerviulad.
misi naRveli gipyrobT Tqven da umweobas gagrZno-
binebT.
umweoba da ironia.
ar aris xsna. ar SeiZleba gamoxlarTva im warsulis sax-
eebisa Tanamedrove cxovrebis kanvaze. forma daSorda Si-
naars. sagani ar endoba Tanamedrove Tvalebs.

jvars ecvi Tu ginda, saSveli

ar aris, ar aris, ar aris.

– magram poeti imeds mainc ar hkargavs. igi ipovnis suls

sagnisas, suls garemoisas. xandaxan misma sulmac icis
molodini da imedi:

rogorme qarma Tu mimatova,

rogorme zamTars Tu gadavurCi!..

hkivis igi awivilebuli suliT, magram lurja cxenebi

mihqrian:
368
 SeSlili saxeebis ConCxiani tyeebiT
usuldgmulo dReebi rbian, miiCqarian!

aseTia g. tabiZe.

Jurn. `ilioni~, 1922, № 2.

xomleli

galaktion tabiZe

jerjerobiT qarTul lirikaSi pirveli mercxali axa-

li literaturisa Seiqmna galaqtion tabiZe da amaSia misi
gansakuTrebuli individualuri mniSvneloba. amis utyu-
ari sabuTia misi leqsebis meore wigni. aq sruliad gansx-
vavebulia mgosnis ritmic, riTmac, stilic, weris manerac,
grZnoba da azric. Kkarg gunebaze moyavxarT poetis mRel-
vare, daucxromel grZnobaTa aRmafrenas da gulwrfelo-
bas, sakuTari temperamentiT gancdaTa siturfes, riTmaTa
mravalgvarobasa da mSvenierebas, saliteraturo for-
maTa nairnairobas da silamazes, leqsTa musikalobasa da
sinaze-sinarnares...…
am leqsebSi galaktion tabiZe – namdvili da WeSmariti
impresionistia.
galaqtion tabiZisaTvis mis sakuTar, individualur
STabeWdilebebs, grZnobebsa da gancadaTa sakuTars iluz-
iebs aqvs gadamwyveti mniSvneloba.
galaqtion tabiZis lazaTiani stili da aSfoTebuli
suli mSvenieri, nazi lirizmiT gadatanilia Cveni qveynis
dedaqalaq tfiliszed, romelsac bedma arguna parizaT
iqces. diadi mgosnebis, n. baraTaSvilis da akakis Semdeg,
klasikurma mTawmindam kidev SesZlo galaqtionis lamaz
lirikaSi gaRviZeba – `mTawmindis mTvareSi~.
gaz. `tribuna~, 1922, 25 ivnisi, № 229.

369
omega

galaqtion tabiZe

uZilo Rameebis megobari da saTuT nervebiT mosaubre

galaqtioni mTvaris sxivebzed ufro udaro nazi mgosania.
rodesac misi daRlili sulis akordi aqviTindeba glo-
vis hangzed, sadRac grZnobaTa siRrmeSi iwvevs uCeulo
TrTolvebs da swuraven sevdis cremlebs.
tirifiviT ganmartovebuli sdgas galaqtionis muza
cxovrebis tbis napiras da sevdiT damZimebuli iyureba mis
uZiro siRrmeSi; albad iq daeZebs sicocxlis saidumloe-
bas, romelic ver hpova Ramis wyvdiadSi.
obol tirifs zed ayria tanjviT naJuri cremlebi mar-
galitebad.
zogierTebs isini dilis cvari hgoniaT, zecad rom ita-
cebs xolme mzis sxivi Seyvarebuli...
magram nu geSiniaT: Rame, Cumad, isev itirebs nazi mgos-
ani da oboli tirifi isev margalitebiT daitvirTeba.

gaz. `tribuna~, 1922, 25 ivnisi, # № 229.

n. gergeseli

samreklo udabnoSi
(kritikuli eskizi)

saWiroa iTqvas sityva xalasi: galaktioni aq aris orig-

inaloba da ganumeorebeli.
galaktioni gamoCenis dRidan, Tavis dRidan, Tavis
uCveulo leqsebiT marmarilos naWrebaT sCanda.
dRes es naWrebi gamTlianebulia. da lamazi mSvenebiT
aRmarTulia eris parnasis mwervalze. da es mwervali ise
maRalia da kidev maRldeba, rom masze mdgomi mgosani amayi
profiliT misCerebia msoflio kaeSnis titanebs, da miT,
370
aseTi damegobrebiT realur sazRvrebs Slis, da saerTo
eolosis qnarze erT simaT evlineba, romelic akordSi
arasdros disharmonias ar Seitans.
SeiZleba es gageba farToa, aseTia Cemi azri. da vityvi
Tugind azrs kadniers: am mxriv galaktioni ar aris savse-
biT gagebuli. mwams, mas gaigeben, magram saWiroa iqneb
tragedia – misi sikvdili. ra saSinelia, magram sinam-
dvilea!.. SeiZleba mas miakuTvnes n. baraTaSvilis mivi-
wyebuli savarZeli da swamT, rogorc uaRresad momcemi
saTuT gancdaTa. magram marTalia belinski: ar aris sak-
marisi poeti moiwono an ar moiwono, is unda gaigo. da
galaktioni mowonebulia, magram ar aris gagebuli.
galaktionis simbolizmi, meore wigniT gagebuli, es
erTgvari manifestia qarTul literaturaSi. aq arena
farToa imdenad, ramdenadac mkveTri Strixebi TiTqmis
epoqis yvela kiTxvebs udgeba. aris erTi damtkicebuli
movlena SemoqmedebaSi, xana Sobs poets, romlis buneba
Tavisi WeSmariti gancdiT poeziis samosiT iZleva mra-
val konspektebs. poetur xazebiT, romelic Tavisi mTli-
ani saxiT Semdeg farTo mravalferovan formebSi iSleba.
dasamtkiceblad gavixsenoT puSkinis movlena ruseTis
cxovrebaSi, puSkinis Strixebi Semdeg didma genialebma
tolstoim da dostoevskim gaSales.

`galaktion tabiZis Jurnali~, 1922, № 3.

publikacia moamzada naTia sixaruliZem

371
 Sinaarsi

`artistuli yvavilebi~ – 100..........................................................3

`wignTa yovelYTa zemo~

zurab kiknaZe
wignis asi weli......................................................................................7

bela wifuria
„artistuli yvavilebis“ saqarTvelo
rogorc konteqsti............................................................................26

gaga lomiZe
„Crâne aux fleurs artistiques“:
interteqstidan konteqstamde.....................................................41

piramidebze maRali

Teimuraz doiaSvili
`da melandeba... moxuci mama~..........................................................56

kritikuli diskursi

zaza abzianiZe
galaktionis sanTeli........................................................................79

levan bregaZe
aragvis qaragma....................................................................................87

irakli kenWoSvili
`domino~-s semantika da poetika...................................................97

372
`aris mSvenier ferTa Sexvewa~

nestan kutivaZe
feri `artistul yvavilebSi~.......................................................104

emzar kvitaiSvili
„iisferi sityvebis“ mZebneli.......................................................130

erTi leqsis sivrce

ramaz xalvaSi
„lurja cxenebis“ saxismetyveleba............................................160

Tamar lomiZe
`merani~ da `lurja cxenebi~.........................................................179

Essai
vaxtang javaxaZe
ori eskizi...........................................................................................193

levan berZeniSvili
galaktionis danaSauli.................................................................197

interpretacia

Teimuraz doiaSvili
vardi
nawvimar silaSi..................................................................................206

Tema da variacia

rostom CxeiZe
landuri samefo da isrebi qarSi................................................238
373
maia jaliaSvili
wva da xedva –
„artistuli yvavilebis“ eqoebi..................................................262

literaturuli gamoZieba

naTia sixaruliZe
ras amboben verxvebi?......................................................................279

levan beburiSvili
grei da zeinabi...................................................................................294

poetika. leqsmcodneoba

akaki xinTibiZe
`artistuli yvavilebis~
metri da riTma...................................................................................313

`artistuli yvavilebis~ Semdeg

Tamaz kvaWantiraZe
efemeraTa momxelTebeli..............................................................328

zaza SaTiriSvili
galaktionis „efemeraTa cikli“:
Tematika da
interteqstualoba...................................................340

istoriidan

TanamedroveTa gamoxmaurebani
`artistul yvavilebze~...............................................................358

374