GEOGRAPHY

Grade 11

REVISION 2021

TERM 3 & 4

This revision program is designed to assist you in revising the critical content and skills
covered during Terms 3 and 4. The purpose is to prepare you to understand the key
concepts and to provide you with an opportunity to establish the required standard and the
application of the knowledge necessary to succeed in the GRADE 11 examination. The
content in this revision booklet is mostly presented by means of mind maps. This will help
you to understand the content easier and also see the relationship between the topics. In
most cases, content is integrated with mapwork. This revision booklet should be used in
conjunction with the lessons of term 3 and 4.
 CONTENT

TERM 1: DEVELOPMENT
1 The Concept of Development 3
2 Frameworks for Development 5
3 Trade and Development 5
4 Development Issues and Challenges 8
5 Role of Development Aid 9

6 Revision activities 10

TERM 2: RESOURCES AND SUSTAINABILITY

7 Soil erosion 13
8 Conventional energy sources 14
9 Non-conventional energy sources 16
10 Revision activities 17

Geography revision booklet 2021 Grade 11 Term 3 & 4

TERM 3: DEVELOPMENT GEOGRAPHY
1. THE CONCEPT OF DEVELOPMENT

1.1 What is development?

Development refers to a number of characteristics that describe the stage a country

has reached on economic, cultural, social and technological levels.

Development includes two aspects:

Standard of living Quality of life

• is the material well-being of a • Is the general well-being of a
person person.
• the value of their possessions • It is affected by education, health
and savings care, services, utilities,
• the type of home they live in environment, and social, political
• whether they own items such as and religious freedom.
a washing machine, television,
car, telephone

1.2 Economic, social and special aspects of development.

The Brandt line divides the world into a developed North and a developing South.

Geography revision booklet 2021 Grade 11 Term 3 & 4

Take note of the following:

• Which countries are part of the developed/developing world.

• Most of the developed countries are in the northern hemisphere
• The difference in population pyramid. More elderly people in developed countries, more children
in developing countries.
• The large number of people living in urban settlements in developed countries in comparison
with the large number of people living in rural areas in developing countries.
• The difference in contribution of primary-, secondary, and tertiary activities
• Literacy levels
• Birth and death rates
• Access to water and sanitation

1.3 Economic, social, sustainable indicators of development

You must be able to define each of the following indicators for development

Geography revision booklet 2021 Grade 11 Term 3 & 4

 2. FRAMEWORKS FOR DEVELOPMENT
Factors that affect development

3. TRADE AND DEVELOPMENT

3.1 International trade

What is international trade?

The exchange of goods and services between countries

What are imports? What are exports?

Goods that are brought into Goods that are shipped out of
a country a country

Geography revision booklet 2021 Grade 11 Term 3 & 4

3.2 The balance of trade

3.3 Types of trading relationships

Free trade The free movement of goods, capital and labour

without regulations or controls (barriers)

Trade barriers Regulations or policies that restrict international

trade. Tariffs, quotas and subsidies

Fair trade Trade between LEDCs and MEDCs in which fair

prices are paid to the producers

3.4 Globalisation and its impact on development

3.4.1 What is globalisation?

The process that links places

throughout the world, making
boundaries of little importance. The
linking of the world’s economies,
societies and technologies
NB Formulate your own definition
on Globalisation, using the above

Geography revision booklet 2021 Grade 11 Term 3 & 4

3.4.2 What is the impact of globalisation on development?

NB - Paragraph-type question regarding the impact of globalisation on development.

In a paragraph of approximately EIGHT lines explain the impact of globalisation on development

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Geography revision booklet 2021 Grade 11 Term 3 & 4

4. DEVELOPMENT ISSUES AND CHALLENGES

The effect of development on the environment

Geography revision booklet 2021 Grade 11 Term 3 & 4

5. ROLE OF DEVELOPMENT AID

DEVELOPMENT AID
What is development aid?
Development aid is aid given by governments and other agencies to support the economic,
environmental, social and political development of developing countries.

Explain the three types of development aid

Bilateral aid Multilateral aid Conditional aid
Includes grants, loans and assistance given by large has performance conditions
technical assistance organisations such as the attached to it.
United Nations, World Bank

What is the impact of development aid?

Geography revision booklet 2021 Grade 11 Term 3 & 4

REVISION ACTIVITIES

REVISION ACTIVITY 1 : CONCEPT OF DEVELOPMENT

Refer to the infographic and complete the table

Developed Countries Developing Countries

Definition

Hemisphere
(North/South)
Birth rate
(High/low)
Death rate
(High/low)
Elderly
(More/less)
Literacy levels
High/low)
Urban population
(High/low)
Rural population
(High/low)
Primary activities
(More/less)
Secondary activities
(More/less)

Geography revision booklet 2021 Grade 11 Term 3 & 4

 REVISION ACTIVITY 2: GLOBALISATION

2.1 Define the term globalisation. (1x2) (2)

2.2 Identify the type of country regarding development at A and B. (2x1) (2)

2.3 Give TWO benefits to countries represented by A, from globalisation (2x2) (4)

2.4 Give two disadvantages to countries represented by B, from (2x2) (4)

globalisation

2.5 Discuss how globalisation contributed to the rapid spreading of the (2x2) (4)
coronavirus throughout the world.

2.6 Explain why the economic impact of the coronavirus would be worse in
less economically developed countries (LEDC’s) (2x2) (4)

Geography revision booklet 2021 Grade 11 Term 3 & 4

 REVISION ACTIVITY 3 : DEVELOPMENT - CONCEPTS

Give the correct definition/description for each of the following concepts.

Concept Definition/Description
1
Development
2
Standard of living
3
Quality of life
4
MEDC
5 LEDC
6 GDP
7 Human
development index
8
Infant mortality
9
GNP
10
GINI coefficient
12
Life expectancy
13
Balance of trade
14 Positive balance of
trade
15 Negative balance of
trade
16 Free trade
17 Trade barriers
18 Fair trade
19 Globalisation
20 Development aid

Geography revision booklet 2021 Grade 11 Term 3 & 4

TERM 4: RESOURCES AND SUSTAINABILITY
1. SOIL EROSION

What is soil erosion?

Soil erosion occurs when the top layer of soil is removed from the land by water, wind or ice.
Plants are then not able to grow, because the nutrients have been lost
What are the causes of soil erosion? What are the effects of soil
erosion?
Humans Physical • Fertile topsoil is removed
• Deforestation • Wind • More pressure on soil
• Poor farming practice • Ice • Fewer food can grow, less
• Urban development • Water
food to eat
• Construction of roads • Steep slopes
• Dams will fill with slit
• Mining • Low rainfall
• More sand deposited on
Animals Past and present continental shelf in sea
• Overgrazing • Occurred for millions of • Ecosystems in rivers
• Trampling paths years destroyed
• Overstocking • Increase in demands on • Drinking water polluted
soil
• More land needed to settle

How can soil erosion be managed?

Geography revision booklet 2021 Grade 11 Term 3 & 4

 2. CONVENTIONAL ENERGY SOURCES

2.1 Location of energy plants in South Africa

Thermal Hydroelectric Nuclear

1. New Castle 5. Palmiet 10. Koeberg
2. Sasolburg/Vereniging 6. TUVA
3. Witbank/Middelburg 7. Van der Kloof
4. Lephalale-Waterberg 8. Muela
9. Gariep

2.2 Production of electricity in South Africa

Geography revision booklet 2021 Grade 11 Term 3 & 4

 CONVENTIONAL ENERGY SOURCES
What are Conventional energy sources?

The three conventional sources of energy used to generate electricity are: Fossil fuels (oil,
gas and coal), water and nuclear power. Coal is the most widely used source

THERMAL ELECTRICITY GENERATION USING COAL

How generated? What is the impact of What is the impact of
coal mining? thermal power
stations?

• Open cast mining scars the • Power stations are

landscape. unsightly.
• Land covered by mine • Takes up large areas.
dumps. • Use large amount of
• Ecosystems are disrupted. water.
• Dust from mining reaches • Produce greenhouse
the atmosphere. gasses.
• Noise pollution. • Produces harmful acid
rain.

NUCLEAR ENERGY
What are the advantages What are the
of nuclear energy? disadvantages of
nuclear energy?

• Sustainable, there is no • Potentially dangerous.

shortage of fuel. • Disposal of nuclear
• Produces a large amount waste is problematic.
of energy. • Very expensive to
• Saves on valuable non- construct.
renewable fossil fuel. • Can be damaged by
• Reduces carbon earthquakes and
emissions. tsunamis.
• Clean, no emission of • Dangerous for environ-
greenhouse gasses. ment.
• Radiation causes health
risks.
• Strong nagative public
perception.

Geography revision booklet 2021 Grade 11 Term 3 & 4

3. NON-CONVENTIONAL ENERGY SOURCES

WIND ENERGY
What is a non-conventional energy What is wind energy?
source?
• An energy resource which is less Energy created by wind
commonly used. has been caught and
• Non-conventional energy resources are used for milling, pumping
renewable. water and sailing ships.
• Examples are wind energy, solar energy,
tidal energy, biomass and geothermal
energy

Where in South Africa is wind energy used to generate electricity?

• We have 33 wind farms at various stages of development.
• Provinces with the best wind energy potential are Western Cape (WC), Northern Cape
(NC), Eastern Cape (EC) and KwaZulu-Natal.
• Examples of wind farms are: Darling (WC), Cookhouse (EC), Copperton (NC)

What is the future of non-conventional energy sources in South Africa?

• There is enormous potential to increase wind and solar power operations.
• Could reduce costs of electricity.
• The negative environmental impact of coal-fired power stations.
• Many of our coal-fired power stations are old

What is the impact of using non-conventional energy on the economy of SA?

ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
• Jobs are generated • Job losses in coal mining and coal-fired
• Less cost to reduce pollution. power stations.
• Energy source as it is free. • Unfavourable weather and atmospheric
• Wind and solar power use no water conditions can make solar and wind
• Lower cost on public health and safety. energy unreliable
• Cost per unit of electricity is cheaper. • Starting a non-conventional energy plant
can be costly.

What is the effect of using non-conventional energy on the environment of SA?

ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
• It is renewable and will not run out. • Wind turbines create noise pollution.
• The energy source is clean. • Wind turbines harm and kill birds, bats
• Produces no greenhouse gas emissions and insects.
• Land in-between wind turbines can still • Heat bouncing of reflective surfaces of
be used for farming. solar panels on large solar farms can
• Less damage to land, animal habitats and harm, blind and kill passing birds and
biodiversity. insects.
• Reduces the demand for non-renewable • The aesthetic value of the environment
fossil fuels. suffers as a result of large wind and solar
• Produces no air and water pollution farms.
during operation.

Geography revision booklet 2021 Grade 11 Term 3 & 4

REVISION ACTIVITIES

REVISION ACTIVITY 1 : SOIL EROSION

The questions are based on the diagram below.

1.1 Define soil erosion (1x2) (2)

1.2 What type of erosion is shown on the diagram? (1x2) (2)

1.3 Discuss THREE causes of soil erosion. (3x2) (6)

1.4 At what farm (A or B) did the famer has not taken preventative measures (1x2) (2)
against erosion.

1.5 Explain what other farmer has done to manage the effects erosion on his (3x2) (6)
farm.

Geography revision booklet 2021 Grade 11 Term 3 & 4

 REVISION ACTIVITY 2 : MAPWORK APPLICATION

The questions are based on the topographic map of WITBANK (EMALAHLENI)

GENERAL INFORMATION OF EMALAHLENI (WITBANK)

eMalahleni (previously known as Witbank, is a city situated on the Highveld of Mpumalanga
and lies halfway between Johannesburg and Nelspruit. Established in 1890 as Witbank, the city
is known for its coal-mining in the surrounding region. The city has grown rapidly around heavy
industry, and a coal firing power station at the Witbank Dam supplies electricity to a wide area.
In eMalahleni, the average annual temperature is 15.4 °C. About 693 mm of precipitation falls
annually.

2.1 eMalahleni is situated in …

A Gauteng
B KwaZulu-Natal
C Mpumalanga
D the Western Cape (1x1) (1)

2.2 The name of the city, eMalahleni is a reflection of the mineral mined in the
area. eMalahleni means “place of …”
A gold
B diamonds
C coal
D iron (1x1) (1)

Geography revision booklet 2021 Grade 11 Term 3 & 4

 2.3 The main activity found in blocks C2-C3 is …
A manufacturing
B farming
C mining
D education (1x1) (1)

2.4 Is the mineral mined in the mapped area a renewable or a non-renewable

resource? Give ONE reason for your answer. (2x2) (4)

2.5 Give TWO non-conventional energy sources that could replace the
thermal power stations of eMalahleni (Witbank) in the future. (2x2) (4)

2.6 Describe TWO impacts, visible on the map, that mining activities had on
the environment in this area. (2x2) (4)

2.7 Give ONE example of attribute data with respect to mine course in block
D2. (1x1) (1)

REVISION ACTIVITY 3: RESOURCES - CONCEPTS

Give the correct definition/description for each of the following concepts.

Concept Definition/Description
1
Soil erosion
2 Conventional
energy source
3
Thermal electricity
4 Non-conventional
energy source

Geography revision booklet 2021 Grade 11 Term 3 & 4