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Peritonitis

Peritonitis is an inflammation and infection of the peritoneum that can be caused by bacterial infection, chemical irritation, or perforation of the gastrointestinal tract. Complications include abscesses, fistula formation, septicemia, respiratory compromise, bowel obstruction, shock, and liver failure. Symptoms include fever, abdominal tenderness, inability to pass gas or stool, and changes in mental status. Diagnostics include blood tests and imaging scans, while treatment involves antibiotics, drainage of abscesses if present, correction of the underlying condition, and sometimes surgery.

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47 views2 pages

Peritonitis

Peritonitis is an inflammation and infection of the peritoneum that can be caused by bacterial infection, chemical irritation, or perforation of the gastrointestinal tract. Complications include abscesses, fistula formation, septicemia, respiratory compromise, bowel obstruction, shock, and liver failure. Symptoms include fever, abdominal tenderness, inability to pass gas or stool, and changes in mental status. Diagnostics include blood tests and imaging scans, while treatment involves antibiotics, drainage of abscesses if present, correction of the underlying condition, and sometimes surgery.

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sarah nabila
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Peritonitis Ashley Hawthorne

Inflammation & Infection of the Peritoneum


Causes
• Bacterial / Chemical Infection
• Perforation of GI Tract
o Appendicitis
o Diverticulitis
o Peptic Ulcer
o Ulcerative Colitis
• Ruptured Ectopic Pregnancy
• Peritoneal Dialysis
• Ascites

Complications
Fistula Respiratory Bowel
Abscess Septicemia Shock Liver failure
Formation Compromise Obstruction

Fatal in 10% of Cases

Manifestations

Change in Mental
Fever Tachycardia Hypotension Shallow Breathing
Status

Positive Bowel Absent Bowel


Signs of Sounds Sounds General Abdominal
Abdominal rigidity
Dehydration •Early •Later Tenderness

Possible Referral of
Rebound
Pain to the Anorexia, Nausea, Inability to Pass
Tenderness, Hiccups
Shoulder or and Vomiting Stools and Flatus
Guarding
Thoracic Area
Diagnostics Ashley Hawthorne

• CBC w/ Diff for Leukocytosis • Cheat Radiography


• Blood Culture • CT
• Peritoneal Fluid Culture • MRI
• Serum-to-Ascites Albumin Gradient • Paracentesis
• Abdominal X-Ray
Treatments
• Nasogastric (NG) intubation • TPA if Necessary
• Hemodynamic monitoring • Semi-Fowler Position
• Correction of the underlying condition • Avoid Lifting for 6 weeks
• NPO until Normal Bowel Function
Medications Surgery
• Broad-spectrum IV antibiotics • Percutaneous abscess drainage
• Metronidazole for fungal infection • Removal of Peritoneal Dialysis Catheter if found to
• Diuretics, such as furosemide, to reduce ascitic be the source of infection
fluid
• Fluid administration, especially if septic shock
develops
• Electrolyte replacement therapy, as needed, based
on electrolyte levels
• Analgesics for pain
• antiemetics for nausea and vomiting

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